High-efficiency heat-insulation multi-composite-structure aerogel insulation board and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, and particularly discloses a high-efficiency heat-insulation multi-composite-structure aerogel heat preservation plate and a preparation method thereof, and the high-efficiency heat-insulation multi-composite-structure aerogel heat preservation plate comprises a heat insulation layer, a phase change layer and a fixing layer; the preparation raw material of the heat insulation layer is functionalized aerogel; the preparation raw materials of the phase change layer are modified graphene sponge and an adhesive; the preparation raw materials of the fixing layer are a polystyrene board and an adhesive; the heat insulation layer is added, the heat insulation layer is prepared from the functionalized aerogel, the functionalized aerogel contains a silicon dioxide aerogel structure, a benzene ring structure, a flexible long-chain alkane structure and an amido group, the silicon dioxide aerogel can serve as a silicon source, and the rigid benzene ring structure can serve as a hydrophobic structure and can also serve as a flexible long-chain alkane structure due to existence of the rigid benzene ring structure. Due to the existence of the flexible long-chain alkane structure, the flexible long-chain alkane structure can be entangled and knotted with the graphene sponge with a linear polymer chain structure, and through the synergistic effect of the structures, the water resistance, flame retardance and mechanical property of the insulation board are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of building materials, and more specifically, it relates to a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] As an important part of green buildings, highly efficient heat-insulating and thermal insulation materials play a key role in reducing building energy consumption and improving thermal performance. Among them, extruded polystyrene boards are widely used in the construction industry due to their low water absorption, low thermal conductivity, high compressive strength, and simple and fast construction.

[0003] However, polystyrene itself has poor flame retardancy. In the prior art, silica aerogel with high thermal conductivity and good flame retardancy is often added to improve its flame retardancy. However, the compatibility between silica aerogel and polystyrene is poor, and the waterproof performance of silica aerogel is not strong, and its mechanical properties are poor. The internal pore structure is prone to collapse during long-term use, resulting in limited application fields of the aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0004] Based on the above statements, this application provides a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board and a preparation method thereof. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems of poor compatibility and dispersibility between silica aerogel and polystyrene in the prior art, resulting in poor flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the prepared aerogel thermal insulation board, this application provides a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board and a preparation method thereof.

[0006] The highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board includes a heat-insulating layer, a phase-change layer, and a fixing layer; the preparation raw material of the heat-insulating layer is functionalized aerogel; the preparation raw materials of the phase-change layer are modified graphene sponge and an adhesive; the preparation raw materials of the fixing layer are polystyrene board and an adhesive.

[0007] Preferably, the phase-change layer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 56 - 64 parts of modified graphene sponge and 12 - 16 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is prepared by mixing paraffin and graphene sponge in a mass ratio of 12 - 16:2 and then drying.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing layer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 - 18 parts of polystyrene board and 4 - 7 parts of adhesive.

[0009] The preparation method of the highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board includes the following steps:

[0010] Step S1: Press the functionalized aerogel into a mold to obtain the heat-insulating layer;

[0011] Step S2: Coat the surface of the thermal insulation layer with an adhesive, then laminate the modified graphene sponge and cure it to form a phase change layer;

[0012] Step S3: Coat the surface of the phase change layer with an adhesive, then laminate the polystyrene board and press and cure it to obtain a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0013] Preferably, the adhesive is polyurethane or acrylic acid.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the thermal insulation layer is 2 - 4 mm.

[0015] Preferably, in step S1, the compression molding conditions are: pressure is 0.6 - 1.8 MPa, temperature is 95 - 105 °C, and time is 1.2 - 1.6 h.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, the coating amount of the adhesive is 0.34 - 0.40 ml / cm 2 , the curing pressure is 0.4 - 1.2 MPa, and the thickness of the modified graphene sponge is 0.3 - 0.6 mm.

[0017] Preferably, in step S3, the coating amount of the adhesive is 0.12 - 0.16 ml / cm 2 , the pressing and curing pressure is 0.5 - 1.5 MPa, and the thickness of the polystyrene board is 0.7 - 1.1 mm.

[0018] Preferably, the functionalized aerogel is prepared by the following steps:

[0019] Step A1: Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in a mixed solution a of absolute ethanol and deionized water, adjust the pH to 1 - 4, stir at room temperature for 16 - 20 min, dropwise add an alkali solution to adjust the pH to 7 - 8, and let it stand for 1 - 2 h to obtain a wet gel; place the wet gel in hot water and hot absolute ethanol in sequence, immerse for 3 - 8 h, place it in a mixed solution b of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol, immerse and react at 61 - 65 °C for 16 - 24 h, wash and dry to obtain an unsaturated monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixed solution a, and mixed solution b is 2 - 4:3 - 5:42:26. In mixed solution a, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water is 2 - 3:1. In mixed solution b, the mass ratio of octadecene succinic anhydride to absolute ethanol is 1:8 - 10. In the above process, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane reacts with octadecene succinic anhydride, and through modification, a hydrocarbon long chain is introduced to endow the gel with hydrophobic properties;

[0020] Step A2: Add the unsaturated monomer and styrene into anhydrous DMF, stir evenly, then add azobisisobutyronitrile, heat up to 72 - 76 °C, stir and react for 8 - 10 h, perform rotary evaporation, washing, and drying to obtain the carboxyl monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF, and azobisisobutyronitrile is 4 - 7: 0.6 - 1.0: 64 - 72: 0.04 - 0.08. During the above reaction process, under the catalysis of azobisisobutyronitrile, the unsaturated double bonds on the unsaturated monomer and the unsaturated double bonds on styrene undergo a free radical polymerization reaction to obtain the carboxyl monomer;

[0021] Step A3: Add the carboxyl monomer into anhydrous DMF, stir evenly, dropwise add the mixed solution c of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, the modified monomer, and anhydrous DMF. After the dropping is completed, heat up to 65 - 75 °C and stir for 2 - 3 h. After the reaction is completed, perform centrifugation. The precipitate is washed and dried to obtain the functionalized aerogel. Among them, the mass ratio of the carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF, and the mixed solution c is 2.8 - 3.4: 42 - 54: 10. In the mixed solution c, the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, the modified monomer, and anhydrous DMF is 1.1 - 1.4: 0.5 - 0.7: 12. During the above process, using N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the dehydrating agent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine as the acylating agent, the carboxyl group on the carboxyl monomer reacts with the amino group on the modified monomer to obtain the functionalized aerogel.

[0022] Preferably, the alkali solution is an ammonia water solution with a mass fraction of 9 - 10%.

[0023] Preferably, in Step A1, the temperature of the hot water and hot anhydrous ethanol is 56 - 62 °C.

[0024] Preferably, the modified monomer is prepared by the following steps:

[0025] Add diethanolamine into anhydrous DMF, heat up to 45 - 55 °C, stir evenly, adjust the pH to 9 - 10, dropwise add the mixed solution d of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol while stirring, control the dropping to be completed within 30 min. After the dropping is completed, heat up to 74 - 80 °C and continue to stir and react for 6 - 10 h, adjust the pH to neutral, perform rotary evaporation, washing, and drying to obtain the modified monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of diethanolamine, anhydrous DMF, and the mixed solution c is 4 - 6: 100 - 120: 40 - 48. In the mixed solution d, the mass ratio of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol is 5 - 6: 20. During the above reaction process, using anhydrous DMF as the solvent, the active amino group on diethanolamine undergoes a ring-opening esterification reaction with 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether to obtain the modified monomer. During the above reaction process, control the amount of substance of diethanolamine to be slightly higher than that of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether, so that the epoxy group on 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether can be fully consumed.

[0026] In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects: In order to improve the flame retardancy, water resistance and mechanical properties of the highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board, an insulating layer is added to the present application. The insulating layer is made of functionalized aerogel. The functionalized aerogel contains a silica aerogel structure, a benzene ring structure, a flexible long-chain alkane structure and an amide group. The silica aerogel not only has excellent heat preservation and mechanical properties itself, but also can serve as a silicon source. The presence of the rigid benzene ring structure can not only serve as a hydrophobic structure, but also generate π-π interaction with the graphene sponge, further improving the mechanical properties and heat preservation performance of the insulation board. The presence of the flexible long-chain alkane structure can not only serve as a hydrophobic structure, but also entangle with the graphene sponge with a linear polymer chain structure, further improving the mechanical properties and water resistance of the insulation board. The presence of the amide group structure can serve as a nitrogen source. At the same time, the carbon-containing structures of the insulating layer, the phase change layer and the fixing layer in the insulation board can act as carbon sources. The above structures are three in one, not only jointly constituting a flame retardant component, but also having good strengthening and heat preservation effects, jointly improving the water resistance, flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board. Specific embodiments

[0027] To make the embodiments of the present application easier to understand, the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. These embodiments are only illustrative and are not limited to the application scope of the present application.

[0028] The main raw materials and their component contents used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows:

[0029] The adhesives used in Example 1 and Example 3 are polyurethane adhesives produced by Youxing Shark (Shanghai) Technology Co., Ltd. The adhesive used in Example 2 is ethyl acrylate adhesive produced by Shanghai Gongbai New Material Technology Co., Ltd., and the product model is QY-495. The graphene sponge is commercially available from Beijing Meiston Technology Development Co., Ltd., and the graphene sponge of model MSTN-GS. The adhesive is the adhesive of model JD9120 produced by Dongguan Jiudian Adhesive Industry Co., Ltd. The paraffin wax is the paraffin wax with CAS number HUI produced by Haijiaojue Wax Industry Co., Ltd. The polystyrene board is the insulation board produced by Liuan Jingwei Heat Preservation and Waterproof Material Co., Ltd., with a thermal conductivity of 0.035 W / (m·K), a compressive strength of 10 MPa, and an elongation at break of 0.6%.

[0030] Preparation Examples 1-3 and Comparative Preparation Examples 1-2 provide a modified monomer.

[0031] Preparation Example 1

[0032] This preparation example provides a modified monomer, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0033] Add diethanolamine to anhydrous DMF, heat up to 45 °C, stir for 20 min at a rotation speed of 550 rpm until homogeneous, adjust the pH to 9 with 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dropwise add a mixed solution d of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol while stirring, control to finish dropping within 30 min. After dropping, heat up to 74 °C and continue stirring and reacting for 6 h. Adjust the pH to neutral with 0.8 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 76 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water 3 times in sequence, and dry at 55 °C to constant weight to obtain the modified monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of diethanolamine, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 4:100:40. In the mixed solution d, the mass ratio of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol is 5:20.

[0034] Preparation Example 2

[0035] This preparation example provides a modified monomer, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0036] Add diethanolamine to anhydrous DMF, heat up to 50 °C, stir for 24 min at a rotation speed of 600 rpm until homogeneous, adjust the pH to 9.5 with 1.5 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dropwise add a mixed solution d of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol while stirring, control to finish dropping within 30 min. After dropping, heat up to 77 °C and continue stirring and reacting for 8 h. Adjust the pH to neutral with 1.0 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 78 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water 4 times in sequence, and dry at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain the modified monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of diethanolamine, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 5:110:44. In the mixed solution d, the mass ratio of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol is 5.5:20.

[0037] Preparation Example 3

[0038] This preparation example provides a modified monomer, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0039] Add diethanolamine to anhydrous DMF, heat up to 55 °C, stir for 28 min at a rotation speed of 650 rpm until homogeneous, adjust the pH to 10 with 2.0 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dropwise add a mixed solution d of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol while stirring, control to finish dropping within 30 min. After dropping, heat up to 80 °C and continue stirring and reacting for 10 h. Adjust the pH to neutral with 1.2 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 80 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water 5 times in sequence, and dry at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain the modified monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of diethanolamine, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 6:120:44. In the mixed solution d, the mass ratio of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol is 6:20.

[0040] Comparative Preparation Example 1

[0041] This comparative preparation example provides a modified monomer, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0042] Add ethanolamine to anhydrous DMF, heat up to 45 °C, stir for 20 min at a rotation speed of 550 rpm until uniform, adjust the pH to 9 with 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dropwise add a mixed solution d of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol while stirring, control the dropping to be completed within 30 min. After dropping, heat up to 74 °C and continue stirring and reacting for 6 h. Adjust the pH to neutral with 0.8 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, control the rotary evaporation temperature to be 76 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times in sequence, and dry at 55 °C to constant weight to obtain the modified monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of ethanolamine, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 4:100:40. In the mixed solution d, the mass ratio of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol is 5:20.

[0043] Comparative Preparation Example 2

[0044] This comparative preparation example provides a modified monomer, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0045] Add diethanolamine to anhydrous DMF, heat up to 45 °C, stir for 20 min at a rotation speed of 550 rpm until uniform, adjust the pH to 9 with 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, dropwise add a mixed solution d of octyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol while stirring, control the dropping to be completed within 30 min. After dropping, heat up to 74 °C and continue stirring and reacting for 6 h. Adjust the pH to neutral with 0.8 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, control the rotary evaporation temperature to be 76 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash with anhydrous ethanol and deionized water three times in sequence, and dry at 55 °C to constant weight to obtain the modified monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of diethanolamine, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 4:100:40. In the mixed solution d, the mass ratio of octyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol is 5:20.

[0046] Preparation Examples 4 - 6 and Comparative Preparation Example 3 provide a functionalized aerogel.

[0047] Preparation Example 4

[0048] This preparation example provides a functionalized aerogel, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0049] Step A1: Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in the mixed solution a of absolute ethanol and deionized water. Adjust the pH to 1 with 1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 16 min until uniform, adjust the pH to 7 with 9% ammonia aqueous solution by mass fraction, and let it stand for 1 h to obtain a wet gel. Place the wet gel in hot water at 56 °C and hot absolute ethanol at 56 °C in sequence, impregnate for 3 h, place it in the mixed solution b of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol, impregnate and react at 61 °C for 16 h, then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 times in sequence, and dry it at 50 °C to constant weight to obtain an unsaturated monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixed solution a and mixed solution b is 2:3:42:26. In the mixed solution a, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol and deionized water is 2:1. In the mixed solution b, the mass ratio of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol is 1:8;

[0050] Step A2: Add the unsaturated monomer and styrene into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 650 rpm for 16 min until uniform, then add azobisisobutyronitrile, raise the temperature to 72 °C, keep the rotation speed unchanged, continue to stir and react for 8 h, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 82 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 times in sequence, and dry it at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain a carboxyl monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF and azobisisobutyronitrile is 4:0.6:64:0.04;

[0051] Step A3: Add the carboxyl monomer into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 24 min until uniform, dropwise add the mixed solution c of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF. After the dropping is completed, raise the temperature to 65 °C and stir for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash the precipitate with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 times, and dry it at 55 °C to constant weight to obtain a functionalized aerogel. Among them, the mass ratio of the carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF and the mixed solution c is 2.8:42:10. In the mixed solution c, the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF is 1.1:0.5:12.

[0052] Preparation Example 5

[0053] This preparation example provides a functionalized aerogel, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0054] Step A1: Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in a mixed solution a of absolute ethanol and deionized water. Adjust the pH to 3 with 1.4 M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stir at a speed of 650 rpm for 18 min until homogeneous, adjust the pH to 7.5 with 9% ammonia aqueous solution by mass, let stand for 1.5 h to obtain a wet gel; place the wet gel successively in hot water at 59 °C and hot absolute ethanol at 59 °C, impregnate for 5.5 h, place it in a mixed solution b of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol, impregnate and react at 63 °C for 20 h, then wash with absolute ethanol and deionized water three times successively, and dry at 50 °C to constant weight to obtain an unsaturated monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixed solution a and mixed solution b is 3:4:42:26. In mixed solution a, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol and deionized water is 2.5:1. In mixed solution b, the mass ratio of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol is 1:9;

[0055] Step A2: Add the unsaturated monomer and styrene into anhydrous DMF, stir at a speed of 700 rpm for 20 min until homogeneous, then add azobisisobutyronitrile, raise the temperature to 74 °C, keep the speed unchanged, continue to stir and react for 9 h, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 84 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash with absolute ethanol and deionized water four times successively, and dry at 65 °C to constant weight to obtain a carboxyl monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF and azobisisobutyronitrile is 5.5:0.8:68:0.06;

[0056] Step A3: Add the carboxyl monomer into anhydrous DMF, stir at a speed of 650 rpm for 28 min until homogeneous, dropwise add a mixed solution c of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF. After the dropping is completed, raise the temperature to 70 °C and stir for 2.5 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash the precipitate with absolute ethanol and deionized water four times, and dry at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain a functionalized aerogel. Among them, the mass ratio of the carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 3.1:48:10. In mixed solution c, the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF is 1.25:0.6:12.

[0057] Preparation Example 6

[0058] This preparation example provides a functionalized aerogel, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0059] Step A1: Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in the mixed solution a of absolute ethanol and deionized water. Adjust the pH to 4 with 1.8M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stir at a speed of 700 rpm for 20 min until homogeneous, adjust the pH to 7.5 with 10% ammonia aqueous solution by mass, and let it stand for 2 h to obtain a wet gel. Place the wet gel in hot water and hot absolute ethanol successively for impregnation for 8 h, then place it in the mixed solution b of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol, impregnate and react at 65 °C for 24 h, then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water successively for 5 times, and dry it at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain an unsaturated monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixed solution a and mixed solution b is 4:5:42:26. In the mixed solution a, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol and deionized water is 3:1. In the mixed solution b, the mass ratio of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol is 1:10;

[0060] Step A2: Add the unsaturated monomer and styrene into anhydrous DMF, stir at a speed of 750 rpm for 24 min until homogeneous, then add azobisisobutyronitrile, raise the temperature to 76 °C, keep the speed unchanged, continue to stir and react for 10 h, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 86 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water successively for 5 times, and dry it at 70 °C to constant weight to obtain a carboxyl monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF and azobisisobutyronitrile is 7:1.0:72:0.08;

[0061] Step A3: Add the carboxyl monomer into anhydrous DMF, stir at a speed of 650 rpm for 32 min until homogeneous, dropwise add the mixed solution c of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF. After the dropping is completed, raise the temperature to 75 °C and stir for 3 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge. The precipitate is washed with absolute ethanol and deionized water successively for 5 times and dried at 65 °C to constant weight to obtain a functionalized aerogel. Among them, the mass ratio of the carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 3.4:54:10. In the mixed solution c, the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF is 1.4:0.7:12.

[0062] Comparative Preparation Example 3

[0063] This comparative preparation example provides a functionalized aerogel, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0064] Step A1: Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in mixture a of absolute ethanol and deionized water, adjust its pH to 8 with 0.8 M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, then adjust the pH to 1 with 1 M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 16 min until homogeneous, adjust the pH to 7 with 9% ammonia aqueous solution by mass, let it stand for 1 h to obtain a wet gel; place the wet gel successively in hot water at 56 °C and hot absolute ethanol at 56 °C, impregnate for 3 h, place it in mixture b of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol, impregnate and react at 61 °C for 16 h, then wash with absolute ethanol and deionized water three times successively, and dry at 50 °C to constant weight to obtain an unsaturated monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixture a and mixture b is 2:3:42:26. In mixture a, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol and deionized water is 2:1. In mixture b, the mass ratio of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol is 1:8;

[0065] Step A2: Add the unsaturated monomer and styrene into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 650 rpm for 16 min until homogeneous, then add azobisisobutyronitrile, raise the temperature to 72 °C, keep the rotation speed unchanged, continue to stir and react for 8 h, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 82 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash with absolute ethanol and deionized water three times successively, and dry at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain a carboxyl monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF and azobisisobutyronitrile is 4:0.6:64:0.04;

[0066] Step A3: Add the carboxyl monomer into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 24 min until homogeneous, dropwise add the mixed solution c of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, the modified monomer prepared in Comparative Preparation Example 1 and anhydrous DMF. After the dropping is completed, raise the temperature to 65 °C and stir for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash the precipitate with absolute ethanol and deionized water three times successively, and dry at 55 °C to constant weight to obtain a functionalized aerogel. Among them, the mass ratio of the carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF and the mixed solution c is 2.8:42:10. In the mixed solution c, the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, the modified monomer and anhydrous DMF is 1.1:0.5:12.

[0067] Comparative Preparation Example 4

[0068] This comparative preparation example provides a functionalized aerogel, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0069] Step A1: Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in mixture a of absolute ethanol and deionized water. Adjust the pH to 1 with 1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 16 min until homogeneous, adjust the pH to 7 with 9% ammonia aqueous solution by mass, and let it stand for 1 h to obtain a wet gel. Place the wet gel in hot water at 56 °C and hot absolute ethanol at 56 °C successively for impregnation for 3 h, then place it in mixture b of octadecene succinic anhydride and absolute ethanol, and carry out an impregnation reaction at 61 °C for 16 h. Then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water three times successively, and dry it at 50 °C to constant weight to obtain an unsaturated monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixture a, and mixture b is 2:3:42:26. In mixture a, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol to deionized water is 2:1. In mixture b, the mass ratio of octadecene succinic anhydride to absolute ethanol is 1:8;

[0070] Step A2: Add the unsaturated monomer and styrene into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 650 rpm for 16 min until homogeneous, then add azobisisobutyronitrile, raise the temperature to 72 °C, keep the rotation speed unchanged, and continue to stir and react for 8 h. Control the rotary evaporation temperature at 82 °C to rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water three times successively, and dry it at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain a carboxyl monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF, and azobisisobutyronitrile is 4:0.6:64:0.04;

[0071] Step A3: Add the carboxyl monomer into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 24 min until homogeneous, dropwise add a mixture c of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, the modified monomer prepared in Comparative Preparation Example 2, and anhydrous DMF. After the dropping is completed, raise the temperature to 65 °C and stir for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash the precipitate with absolute ethanol and deionized water three times, and dry it at 55 °C to constant weight to obtain a functionalized aerogel. Among them, the mass ratio of the carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF, and mixture c is 2.8:42:10. In mixture c, the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, the modified monomer, and anhydrous DMF is 1.1:0.5:12.

[0072] Comparative Preparation Example 5

[0073] This comparative preparation example provides a functionalized aerogel, which is prepared by the following steps:

[0074] Step A1: Dissolve tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in the mixed solution a of absolute ethanol and deionized water. Adjust the pH to 1 with 1M hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 16 min until uniform, adjust the pH to 7 with 9% ammonia aqueous solution by mass fraction, and let it stand for 1 h to obtain a wet gel. Place the wet gel in hot water at 56 °C and hot absolute ethanol at 56 °C successively, soak for 3 h, place it in the mixed solution b of itaconic anhydride and absolute ethanol, soak and react at 61 °C for 16 h, then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 times successively, and dry it at 50 °C to constant weight to obtain an unsaturated monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixed solution a and mixed solution b is 2:3:42:26. In the mixed solution a, the mass ratio of absolute ethanol and deionized water is 2:1. In the mixed solution b, the mass ratio of itaconic anhydride and absolute ethanol is 1:8;

[0075] Step A2: Add the unsaturated monomer and styrene into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 650 rpm for 16 min until uniform, then add azobisisobutyronitrile, raise the temperature to 72 °C, maintain the rotation speed unchanged, continue to stir and react for 8 h, control the rotary evaporation temperature at 82 °C, rotary evaporate to remove anhydrous DMF, then wash it with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 times successively, and dry it at 60 °C to constant weight to obtain a carboxyl monomer. Among them, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF and azobisisobutyronitrile is 4:0.6:64:0.04;

[0076] Step A3: Add the carboxyl monomer into anhydrous DMF, stir at a rotation speed of 600 rpm for 24 min until uniform, dropwise add the mixed solution c of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF. After the dropping is completed, raise the temperature to 65 °C and stir for 2 h. After the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash the precipitate with absolute ethanol and deionized water 3 times successively, and dry it at 55 °C to constant weight to obtain a functionalized aerogel. Among them, the mass ratio of the carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF and the mixed solution c is 2.8:42:10. In the mixed solution c, the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF is 1.1:0.5:12.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] This embodiment provides a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board, which includes a heat-insulating layer, a phase-change layer, and a fixing layer; the raw materials for preparing the heat-insulating layer are the functionalized aerogel prepared in Preparation Example 4; the raw materials for preparing the phase-change layer are modified graphene sponge and adhesive; the raw materials for preparing the fixing layer are polystyrene board and polyurethane glue; the heat-insulating layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 85 parts of the functionalized aerogel prepared in Preparation Example 4; the phase-change layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 56 parts of modified graphene sponge and 12 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is prepared by mixing paraffin and graphene sponge according to a mass ratio of 12:2, and then drying to constant weight at 50 °C; the fixing layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 12 parts of polystyrene board and 4 parts of polyurethane glue;

[0079] The preparation method of the highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board includes the following steps:

[0080] Step S1, press the functionalized aerogel into shape, control the pressure to be 0.6 MPa, the temperature to be 95 °C, the time to be 1.2 h, and the pressing thickness to be 2 mm to obtain the heat-insulating layer;

[0081] Step S2, coat the adhesive on the surface of the heat-insulating layer, control the coating amount of the adhesive to be 0.34 ml / cm 2 , and then laminate the modified graphene sponge, control the thickness of the modified graphene sponge to be 0.3 mm, control the pressure to be 0.8 MPa, and cure at 75 °C for 0.8 h to form the phase-change layer;

[0082] Step S3, coat the polyurethane glue on the surface of the phase-change layer, control the coating amount of the polyurethane glue to be 0.12 ml / cm 2 , and then laminate the polystyrene board with a thickness of 0.7 mm, control the pressure to be 0.5 MPa, and cure at 78 °C for 2.0 h to obtain the highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] This embodiment provides a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board, which includes a heat-insulating layer, a phase-change layer, and a fixing layer; the raw materials for preparing the heat-insulating layer are the functionalized aerogel prepared in Preparation Example 5; the raw materials for preparing the phase-change layer are modified graphene sponge and adhesive; the raw materials for preparing the fixing layer are polystyrene board and ethyl acrylate glue; the heat-insulating layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 90 parts of the functionalized aerogel prepared in Preparation Example 5; the phase-change layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 60 parts of modified graphene sponge and 14 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is prepared by mixing paraffin and graphene sponge according to a mass ratio of 14:2, and then drying to constant weight at 55 °C; the fixing layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 15 parts of polystyrene board and 5.5 parts of ethyl acrylate glue;

[0085] The preparation method of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board comprises the following steps:

[0086] Step S1: Press the functionalized aerogel into shape, control the pressure at 1.2 MPa, the temperature at 100 °C, the time at 1.4 h, and the pressing thickness at 3 mm to obtain the heat-insulating layer;

[0087] Step S2: Coat the surface of the heat-insulating layer with an adhesive, control the coating amount of the adhesive at 0.37 ml / cm 2 , and then laminate the modified graphene sponge, control the thickness of the modified graphene sponge at 0.45 mm, control the pressure at 0.8 MPa, and cure at 78 °C for 0.85 h to form the phase change layer;

[0088] Step S3: Coat the surface of the phase change layer with ethyl acrylate glue, control the coating amount of the ethyl acrylate glue at 0.14 ml / cm 2 , and then laminate a polystyrene board with a thickness of 0.9 mm, control the pressure at 1.0 MPa, and cure at 82 °C for 2.6 h to obtain the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0089] Example 3

[0090] This example provides a high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board, which includes a heat-insulating layer, a phase change layer, and a fixing layer; the raw material for preparing the heat-insulating layer is the functionalized aerogel prepared in Preparation Example 6; the raw materials for preparing the phase change layer are the modified graphene sponge and the adhesive; the raw materials for preparing the fixing layer are the polystyrene board and the polyurethane glue; the heat-insulating layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 95 parts of functionalized aerogel; the phase change layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 64 parts of modified graphene sponge and 16 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is prepared by mixing paraffin and graphene sponge in a mass ratio of 16:2 and then drying to constant weight at 60 °C; the fixing layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 18 parts of polystyrene board and 7 parts of polyurethane glue;

[0091] The preparation method of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board comprises the following steps:

[0092] Step S1: Press the functionalized aerogel into shape, control the pressure at 1.8 MPa, the temperature at 105 °C, the time at 1.6 h, and the pressing thickness at 4 mm to obtain the heat-insulating layer;

[0093] Step S2: Coat the surface of the heat-insulating layer with an adhesive, control the coating amount of the adhesive at 0.40 ml / cm 2 , and then laminate the modified graphene sponge, control the thickness of the modified graphene sponge at 0.6 mm, control the pressure at 1.2 MPa, and cure at 81 °C for 0.9 h to form the phase change layer;

[0094] Step S3: Coat the surface of the phase change layer with polyurethane glue, and control the coating amount of the polyurethane glue to be 0.16 ml / cm 2 , then laminate a polystyrene board with a thickness of 1.1 mm, control the pressure to be 1.5 MPa, and cure at a temperature of 86 °C for 3.2 h to obtain a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0095] Comparative Example 1

[0096] This comparative example provides a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board, including a heat-insulating layer, a phase change layer, and a fixing layer; the raw materials for preparing the heat-insulating layer are the functionalized aerogel prepared in Comparative Preparation Example 3; the raw materials for preparing the phase change layer are modified graphene sponge and adhesive; the raw materials for preparing the fixing layer are polystyrene board and polyurethane glue; the heat-insulating layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 85 parts of the functionalized aerogel prepared in Preparation Example 4; the phase change layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 56 parts of modified graphene sponge and 12 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is prepared by mixing paraffin and graphene sponge according to a mass ratio of 12:2, and then drying to constant weight at 50 °C; the fixing layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 12 parts of polystyrene board and 4 parts of polyurethane glue;

[0097] The preparation method of the highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board includes the following steps:

[0098] Step S1: Press the functionalized aerogel into shape, control the pressure to be 0.6 MPa, the temperature to be 95 °C, and the time to be 1.2 h, and the pressing thickness to be 2 mm to obtain the heat-insulating layer;

[0099] Step S2: Coat the surface of the heat-insulating layer with adhesive, and then laminate the modified graphene sponge, control the coating amount of the adhesive to be 0.34 ml / cm 2 , control the pressure to be 0.8 MPa, and cure at a temperature of 75 °C for 0.8 h to form the phase change layer;

[0100] Step S3: Coat the surface of the phase change layer with polyurethane glue, and control the coating amount of the polyurethane glue to be 0.12 ml / cm 2 , then laminate a polystyrene board with a thickness of 0.7 mm, control the thickness of the modified graphene sponge to be 0.3 mm, control the pressure to be 0.5 MPa, and cure at a temperature of 78 °C for 2.0 h to obtain a highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0101] Comparative Example 2

[0102] This comparative example provides a highly heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board, including a heat-insulating layer, a phase-change layer, and a fixing layer; the raw materials for preparing the heat-insulating layer are the functionalized aerogel obtained in Comparative Preparation Example 4; the raw materials for preparing the phase-change layer are modified graphene sponge and adhesive; the raw materials for preparing the fixing layer are polystyrene board and polyurethane glue; the heat-insulating layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 85 parts of the functionalized aerogel obtained in Preparation Example 4; the phase-change layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 56 parts of modified graphene sponge and 12 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is prepared by mixing paraffin and graphene sponge in a mass ratio of 12:2 and then drying to constant weight at 50 °C; the fixing layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 12 parts of polystyrene board and 4 parts of polyurethane glue;

[0103] The preparation method of the highly heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board includes the following steps:

[0104] Step S1: Press the functionalized aerogel into shape, control the pressure to be 0.6 MPa, the temperature to be 95 °C, the time to be 1.2 h, and the pressing thickness to be 2 mm to obtain the heat-insulating layer;

[0105] Step S2: Coat the adhesive on the surface of the heat-insulating layer, and then laminate the modified graphene sponge, control the coating amount of the adhesive to be 0.34 ml / cm 2 , control the thickness of the modified graphene sponge to be 0.3 mm, control the pressure to be 0.8 MPa, and cure at 75 °C for 0.8 h to form the phase-change layer;

[0106] Step S3: Coat the polyurethane glue on the surface of the phase-change layer, control the coating amount of the polyurethane glue to be 0.12 ml / cm 2 , and then laminate a polystyrene board with a thickness of 0.7 mm, control the pressure to be 0.5 MPa, and cure at 78 °C for 2.0 h to obtain the highly heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0107] Comparative Example 3

[0108] This comparative example provides a highly heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board, including a heat-insulating layer, a phase-change layer, and a fixing layer; the raw materials for preparing the heat-insulating layer are the functionalized aerogel obtained in Comparative Preparation Example 5; the raw materials for preparing the phase-change layer are modified graphene sponge and adhesive; the raw materials for preparing the fixing layer are polystyrene board and polyurethane glue; the heat-insulating layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 85 parts of the functionalized aerogel obtained in Preparation Example 4; the phase-change layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 56 parts of modified graphene sponge and 12 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is prepared by mixing paraffin and graphene sponge in a mass ratio of 12:2 and then drying to constant weight at 50 °C; the fixing layer is made of the following raw materials by weight: 12 parts of polystyrene board and 4 parts of polyurethane glue;

[0109] The preparation method of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board includes the following steps:

[0110] Step S1: Press the functionalized aerogel into shape, control the pressure to be 0.6 MPa, the temperature to be 95 °C, the time to be 1.2 h, and the pressing thickness to be 2 mm to obtain the heat-insulating layer;

[0111] Step S2: Coat the surface of the heat-insulating layer with an adhesive, and then laminate the modified graphene sponge. Control the coating amount of the adhesive to be 0.34 ml / cm 2 , control the pressure to be 0.8 MPa, and cure at 75 °C for 0.8 h to form the phase change layer;

[0112] Step S3: Coat the surface of the phase change layer with polyurethane glue. Control the coating amount of the polyurethane glue to be 0.12 ml / cm 2 , then laminate a polystyrene board with a thickness of 0.7 mm. Control the thickness of the modified graphene sponge to be 0.3 mm, control the pressure to be 0.5 MPa, and cure at 78 °C for 2.0 h to obtain the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board.

[0113] Performance testing

[0114] Performance detection

[0115] According to the standard GB 8624-2012 "Classification of the Burning Performance of Building Materials and Products", the flame retardant grades of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation boards prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were tested respectively; according to the standard GB / T5486 2008 "Test Methods for Inorganic Rigid Thermal Insulation Products", the compressive strength tests of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation boards prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were carried out respectively, and the test results are shown in Table 1 below; according to the standard GB / T10294-2008 "Determination of Steady-State Thermal Resistance and Related Characteristics of Thermal Insulation Materials - Guarded Hot Plate Method", the thermal conductivity tests of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation boards prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 were carried out respectively. Referring to the standard GB / T8810-2005, the water absorption rates of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation boards prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3 after being placed for 1 month were tested to judge the waterproof ability of the samples; the test results are shown in Table 1 below;

[0116] Table 1 Performance tests of the high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation boards in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3

[0117]

[0118]

[0119] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with Comparative Examples 1-3, the highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel thermal insulation board prepared in the examples has more excellent waterproofness, flame retardancy and mechanical properties.

[0120] This specific embodiment is only an explanation of the present application and does not limit the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without creative contributions as needed, but as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application, they are protected by the patent law.

Claims

1. Highly efficient heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board, characterized in that: It includes a heat-insulating layer, a phase-change layer and a fixing layer; the heat-insulating layer is made of functionalized aerogel; the phase-change layer is made of modified graphene sponge and adhesive; the fixing layer is made of polystyrene board and adhesive; The phase change layer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 56-64 parts of modified graphene sponge and 12-16 parts of adhesive; the modified graphene sponge is made by mixing paraffin wax and graphene sponge in a mass ratio of 12-16:2 and then drying; The fixing layer is made of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12-18 parts of polystyrene board and 4-7 parts of adhesive.

2. The high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The functionalized aerogel is prepared by the following steps: Step A1, dissolving ethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane in a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and deionized water, adjusting the pH to 1-4, stirring at room temperature for 16-20 minutes, adding alkali solution dropwise, adjusting the pH to 7-8, and obtaining a wet gel; placing the wet gel in hot water and hot anhydrous ethanol in turn, immersing for 3-8 hours, placing the wet gel in a mixture of octadecene succinic anhydride and anhydrous ethanol, immersing for reaction at 61-65° C. for 16-24 hours, washing, and drying to obtain an unsaturated monomer; Step A2, adding unsaturated monomer and styrene to anhydrous DMF, stirring evenly, then adding azobisisobutyronitrile, heating to 72-76° C., stirring for reaction for 8-10 hours, rotary evaporation, washing, and drying to obtain a carboxyl monomer; Step A3, add the carboxyl monomer to anhydrous DMF, stir evenly, dropwise add N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF mixed solution c, after the dropwise addition is completed, heat to 65-75°C and stir for 2-3h, after the reaction is completed, centrifuge, wash the precipitate, and dry to obtain functionalized aerogel.

3. The high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In the step A1, the mass ratio of ethyl orthosilicate, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, mixed solution a and mixed solution b is 2-4:3-5:42:26, ​​the mass ratio of anhydrous ethanol to deionized water in the mixed solution a is 2-3:1, the mass ratio of octadecene succinic anhydride to anhydrous ethanol in the mixed solution b is 1:8-10, and the temperature of the hot water and the hot anhydrous ethanol is 56-62°C.

4. The high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step A2, the mass ratio of the unsaturated monomer, styrene, anhydrous DMF and azobisisobutyronitrile is 4-7: 0.6-1.0：64-72：0.04-0.08。 5. The high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step Step A3 middle, The mass ratio of carboxyl monomer, anhydrous DMF and mixed solution c is 2.8-3.4:42-54:10, and the mass ratio of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, modified monomer and anhydrous DMF in the mixed solution c is 1.1-1.4:0.5-0.7:

12.

6. The high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to claim 2, characterized in that: The modified monomer is prepared by the following steps: Add diethanolamine to anhydrous DMF, heat to 45-55°C, stir evenly, adjust the pH to 9-10, and dropwise add a mixed solution d of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether and isopropanol while stirring. The dripping is controlled to be completed within 30 minutes. After the dripping is completed, heat to 74-80°C, continue stirring and reacting for 6-10 hours, adjust the pH to neutral, rotary evaporate, wash and dry to obtain the modified monomer.

7. The high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to claim 6, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the diethanolamine, anhydrous DMF and the mixed solution d is 4-6:100-120:40-48.

8. The high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to claim 6, characterized in that: In the mixed solution d, the mass ratio of 2-biphenyl glycidyl ether to isopropanol is 5-6:

20.

9. A method for preparing a high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, pressing the functionalized aerogel into a shape to obtain a heat insulation layer; Step S2, coating an adhesive on the surface of the thermal insulation layer, and then coating the modified graphene sponge, and curing to form a phase change layer; Step S3: coating the surface of the phase change layer with adhesive, laminating with a polystyrene board, and then pressing and curing to obtain a high-efficiency heat-insulating multi-composite structure aerogel insulation board.

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