Ceramic-like-based insulating anchoring material and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a ceramic-like insulation anchoring material which is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 25-55 parts of an inorganic binder, 1-6 parts of a curing accelerator, 35-65 parts of aggregate, 0.1-3 parts of a water reducing agent, 1-8 parts of a free water adsorbent, 0.1-2 parts of an insulation synergist, 0.01-1 part of reinforced fibers and 0.1-2 parts of a retarder. The ceramic-like insulation anchoring material is high in early strength, can reach high strength in a short time, and meets the requirement of railway maintenance and repair time; the later strength is not attenuated, and the stability of the track in the long-term use process is guaranteed; high pulling resistance is achieved, and it is guaranteed that anchoring between the spikes and the sleeper is firm and reliable; the permeability and the binding power are excellent, and good binding can be formed between sleeper preformed holes and spikes; due to micro-expansion, reduction of anchoring force caused by contraction is avoided; the insulating property is good, and the safety and stability of a track electrical system are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new materials, and particularly relates to a ceramic-like insulating anchoring material, a preparation method thereof, and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the railway track system, the anchoring operation of sleeper spikes is undoubtedly a core element to ensure the stability and safety of the track. Traditional sleeper spike anchoring materials mainly include sulfur-based cement mortar anchoring agents, cement-based mortar-type anchoring agents, and resin-based anchoring agents.

[0003] The sulfur-based cement mortar anchoring agent once dominated for a long time and was widely used. It is prepared by mixing sulfur, cement, sand, paraffin, etc. in a specific proportion and then boiling it in a high-temperature environment of 140°C to 160°C. It has a relatively affordable price, a fast curing speed during construction, can effectively improve construction efficiency, and its insulation performance is also relatively good, which can ensure the electrical safety of the track system to a certain extent. However, the disadvantages of this anchoring agent are also very prominent. During the boiling process, a large amount of sulfur-containing smoke is released, which fills the air and causes extremely serious pollution to the surrounding natural environment. And construction workers exposed to such an environment for a long time will suffer great harm to their physical health. It is precisely because of its adverse effects on the environment and human health that some countries have prohibited the use of this anchoring agent based on environmental protection policies. From the perspective of anchoring performance, its anchoring force is relatively weak. Generally, the anti-pulling force is less than 70KN, and it is difficult to meet some track conditions with higher requirements for anchoring force. Moreover, sulfur has the property of being easily oxidized in the air, and sulfuric acid is generated after oxidation. Sulfuric acid will gradually erode the interface between the spike and the anchor, resulting in corrosion and peeling between the two, and even fracture in severe cases, which undoubtedly poses a huge potential threat to the driving safety of the railway. In addition, when performing the anchoring operation, the temperature of the sulfur cement anchoring agent is very high. When it is injected into the reserved hole of the sleeper, the inner surface of the reserved hole of the sleeper will instantly experience a process of rapid heating and cooling. The thermal expansion and contraction internal stress generated by this drastic temperature change will cause irreversible damage to the structure of the inner surface of the reserved hole of the sleeper. Once the spiral spike is subsequently subjected to external forces such as the load of the locomotive, the concrete structure of the sleeper is extremely likely to undergo secondary damage, which has an extremely adverse effect on the anti-pulling performance between the sleeper and the spiral spike, greatly weakening the stability of the entire track structure. Furthermore, during the cooling and curing process of the sulfur cement anchoring agent, shrinkage will also occur, which also leads to insufficient anchoring force to a certain extent, especially when anchoring reserved holes with a smooth inner surface, its anchoring effect is even less satisfactory.

[0004] Resin anchoring agents, such as common epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, etc. This type of anchoring agent has almost stringent requirements for the cleanliness of the interface during use. Even if there is only a very small amount of dust adhering to the interface or a little moisture on the surface, its pull-out resistance will be greatly reduced. In the actual situation of railway track repair, water drills and other tools are usually used for drilling operations, and the holes drilled by such operations often retain a large amount of cement slurry and accumulated water. Even if the hole cleaning operation is carried out immediately after the drilling is completed, it is difficult to completely remove the impurities in the hole, and it is difficult to achieve the cleanliness and wetness standards required by this type of anchoring agent for the bonding interface. If such materials are forcibly used for anchoring operations in this case, it will inevitably cause serious insufficient interface bonding strength and pull-out resistance, thereby burying safety hazards in the track structure. Moreover, the cost of such materials themselves is high. From the perspective of economic cost, it is difficult to promote and popularize them in large-scale railway track projects.

[0005] Ordinary mortar anchors have their own limitations. Their setting time is too long, and the early strength after construction is low, which makes it impossible to achieve rapid drying and high strength. In order to achieve the specified strength, a long maintenance process is required, which is extremely unfavorable for the maintenance and emergency repair of railway tracks. Because in the daily maintenance of railways, the total time available for maintenance and emergency repair is extremely limited, usually only about 5 hours, after which the normal operation of railway traffic needs to be restored, and the time allocated to the anchoring operation is often only about 2 hours. In such a short period of time, ordinary cement materials have no time to solidify to a pull-out strength greater than 60KN, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the iron standard. In order to achieve the effects of high pull-out resistance and rapid solidification, accelerators and expansion agents are often added to the materials. However, during the solidification process, due to the rapid crystallization of cement, the crystals in the internal structure of the material become coarse and the porosity increases sharply. In this way, once the water consumption is not accurately controlled during the construction process, or it is applied in a humid environment, it is easy to cause the insulation performance to decline and produce red light bands, affecting the normal operation of the track. Although the expansion agent can enhance the pull-out resistance of the anchored spikes to a certain extent, there is also the risk of repeated pulling out of the spikes during long-term use, which may aggravate the cracking of the reserved holes and have a negative impact on the durability of the track.

[0006] In summary, in the current railway track engineering field, there is an urgent need to develop a new type of anchoring product. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the problems and shortcomings in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a ceramic-based insulating anchor material and a preparation method and application thereof.

[0008] To achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0009] In the first aspect of the present invention, a ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is provided. By weight, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material mainly consists of the following raw materials: 25 to 55 parts of an inorganic binder, 1 to 6 parts of a curing accelerator, 35 to 65 parts of an aggregate, 0.1 to 3 parts of a water reducing agent, 1 to 8 parts of a free water adsorbent, 0.1 to 2 parts of an insulation enhancer, 0.01 to 1 part of a reinforcing fiber, and 0.1 to 2 parts of a retarder.

[0010] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, by weight, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material mainly consists of the following raw materials: 30 to 50 parts of an inorganic binder, 1 to 4 parts of a curing accelerator, 40 to 60 parts of an aggregate, 0.1 to 1 part of a water reducing agent, 2 to 6 parts of a free water adsorbent, 0.1 to 1 part of an insulation enhancer, 0.01 to 1 part of a reinforcing fiber, and 0.1 to 2 parts of a retarder.

[0011] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, by weight, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material mainly consists of the following raw materials: 40 parts of an inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of a curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of an aggregate, 0.77 parts of a water reducing agent, 4.2 parts of a free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of an insulation enhancer, 0.03 parts of a reinforcing fiber, and 0.5 parts of a retarder.

[0012] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the inorganic binder is at least one of aluminate cement, sulfoaluminate cement, magnesium phosphate cement, magnesium phosphate cement clinker, double quick cement, and portland cement.

[0013] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the inorganic binder is composed of a mixture of aluminate cement and sulfoaluminate cement, and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 20% to 80%; further preferably, the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 20% to 70%; more preferably, the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 40%; most preferably, the sulfoaluminate cement is high-strength sulfoaluminate cement.

[0014] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the curing accelerator is at least one of calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and lithium carbonate; more preferably, the curing accelerator is calcium sulfate.

[0015] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the insulation enhancer is at least one of nano calcium carbonate, nano alumina, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and nano silicon dioxide; more preferably, the insulation enhancer is nano calcium carbonate.

[0016] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the reinforcing fiber is at least one of glass fiber, cellulose, basalt fiber, and polypropylene fiber; more preferably, the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber.

[0017] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the aggregate is at least one of quartz sand, standard sand, river sand, manufactured sand, and corundum powder; more preferably, the aggregate is quartz sand.

[0018] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the retarder is at least one of borax, sodium gluconate, citric acid, tartaric acid, and zinc phosphate; more preferably, the retarder is borax.

[0019] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the free water adsorbent is at least one of zeolite powder, mica sand, and kaolin; more preferably, the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder.

[0020] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the water reducing agent is at least one of melamine water reducing agent, polycarboxylate water reducing agent, lignosulfonate water reducing agent, naphthalene series water reducing agent, melamine series water reducing agent, amino sulfonate series water reducing agent, and aliphatic series water reducing agent; more preferably, the water reducing agent is melamine water reducing agent.

[0021] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material further contains an auxiliary agent. By weight, the dosage of the auxiliary agent is 0.1 - 2 parts; more preferably, by weight, the dosage of the auxiliary agent is 0.1 - 1 part; most preferably, by weight, the dosage of the auxiliary agent is 0.2 part.

[0022] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, the auxiliary agent is an antifoaming agent. The function of the antifoaming agent is to eliminate the foam generated during the mixing and stirring of the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material with water to prepare the slurry. More preferably, the antifoaming agent is an organosilicon antifoaming agent in the form of a solid powder.

[0023] According to the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material, preferably, by weight, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is mainly composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 parts of water reducing agent, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of insulation enhancer, 0.03 parts of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 parts of retarder, and 0.2 parts of antifoaming agent.

[0024] The second aspect of the present invention provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material in the first aspect, and the preparation method includes the following steps:

[0025] (1) Dry the aggregate.

[0026] (2) Add an inorganic binder to the dried aggregate, mix well, then add a curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulation enhancer, water reducer, free water adsorbent, and retarder, and stir to mix evenly to obtain the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material.

[0027] According to the above preparation method, preferably, in step (1), the drying temperature is 100 - 150 °C, and the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%.

[0028] According to the above preparation method, preferably, when the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material contains an antifoaming agent, step (2) is specifically: add an inorganic binder to the dried aggregate, mix well, then add a curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulation enhancer, water reducer, free water adsorbent, retarder, and antifoaming agent, and stir to mix evenly to obtain the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material.

[0029] The third aspect of the present invention provides the application of the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material described in the first aspect above in the anchoring of sleeper spikes.

[0030] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a method for using the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material described in the first aspect above. The method for use is: add water to the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material, stir to mix evenly, and use it after forming a slurry.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the positive and beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows:

[0032] (1) The ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material of the present invention has good chemical stability and corrosion resistance, can effectively resist the erosion of environmental factors such as acid-base and humidity, has excellent durability, greatly extends the service life of the anchoring material, and reduces the long-term maintenance cost of the track.

[0033] (2) The ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material of the present invention has excellent insulation performance, and also has good insulation performance in the early stage and in a wet state. The insulation performance is greater than the requirements of Q / CR 352 - 2016 "Anchoring of Concrete Sleeper Spiral Studs", providing an important guarantee for the safety of line operation.

[0034] (3) The ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material of the present invention contains a curing accelerator, which can promote the rapid curing of the anchoring material. The initial setting and final setting times are significantly better than those of traditional cement-based anchoring materials, significantly shortening the curing time of the anchoring material for anchoring, improving the track construction efficiency, and reducing the interference of construction on railway operation.

[0035] (4) Through the synergistic effect of the aggregate, inorganic binder, and reinforcing fiber in the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material of the present invention, the anchoring material has high compressive, flexural, and bonding strengths, as well as good toughness, and can better withstand various stresses generated during the operation of high-speed heavy-haul trains, ensuring the stability and safety of the track structure.

[0036] (5) In summary, the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material of the present invention has the characteristics of high early strength, can reach a relatively high strength in a short time, and meets the time requirements for railway maintenance and emergency repair; the later strength does not decay, ensuring the stability of the track during long-term use; it has a high pull-out resistance, ensuring the firm and reliable anchoring between the spike and the sleeper; excellent permeability and bonding force, capable of forming good bonding with the reserved holes in the sleeper and the spike; slightly expanding, avoiding the decrease in anchoring force due to shrinkage; non-corrosive to steel bars, ensuring that the steel bars in the track structure will not be eroded; and good insulation, ensuring the safety and stability of the track electrical system; at the same time, the formula of this type of ceramic-based insulating anchoring material does not contain harmful substances, will not cause harm to the environment and the health of construction workers, and the production process is relatively simple with low energy consumption, meeting the environmental protection requirements. Against the background of increasingly strict environmental protection requirements today, this new type of anchoring product will undoubtedly have an extremely broad market prospect and become one of the important directions for the development of railway track engineering technology. Detailed implementation manners

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0038] The experimental methods in the following embodiments are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and are carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or according to the product instructions.

[0039] The materials, reagents, etc. used in the following embodiments can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified. The experiments in the following embodiments are all set with three repeated experiments, and the results are averaged.

[0040] Example 1: Screening of inorganic binder types

[0041] In order to study the influence of the types of inorganic binders on the performance of the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material of the present invention, Examples 1-1 to 1-8 of the present invention were carried out. The specific contents of Examples 1-1 to 1-8 are as follows:

[0042] Example 1-1:

[0043] A kind of ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 parts of water reducing agent, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of insulation synergist, 0.03 parts of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 parts of retarder, and 0.2 parts of defoamer; wherein, the inorganic binder is composed of aluminate cement (CA) and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement (SAC), and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 40%; the curing accelerator is calcium sulfate; the aggregate is quartz sand; the water reducing agent is melamine water reducing agent; the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder; the insulation synergist is nano calcium carbonate; the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber, the retarder is borax; the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer in the form of a solid powder (purchased from Jinan Qingtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0044] The preparation method of the above ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material is as follows:

[0045] (1) Dry the aggregate at 100 - 150 °C to make the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%;

[0046] (2) Add the inorganic binder to the dried aggregate and mix and stir evenly, then add the curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulation synergist, water reducing agent, free water adsorbent, retarder and defoamer, and stir and mix evenly to obtain the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material.

[0047] Examples 1 - 2:

[0048] The content of Examples 1 - 2 is the same as that of Example 1 - 1, and the difference is that: the inorganic binder is aluminate cement (CA).

[0049] Examples 1 - 3:

[0050] The content of Examples 1 - 3 is the same as that of Example 1 - 1, and the difference is that: the inorganic binder is high-strength sulphoaluminate cement (SAC).

[0051] Examples 1 - 4:

[0052] The content of Examples 1 - 4 is the same as that of Example 1 - 1, and the difference is that: the inorganic binder is magnesium phosphate cement.

[0053] Examples 1 - 5:

[0054] The content of Examples 1 - 5 is the same as that of Example 1 - 1, and the difference is that: the inorganic binder is magnesium phosphate cement clinker.

[0055] Examples 1 - 6:

[0056] The content of Examples 1-6 is the same as that of Example 1-1, except that: the inorganic binder is double-rapid cement.

[0057] Example 1-7:

[0058] The content of Example 1-7 is the same as that of Example 1-1, except that: the inorganic binder is portland cement.

[0059] Example 1-8:

[0060] The content of Example 1-8 is the same as that of Example 1-1, except that: the dosage of the inorganic binder in the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring material formulation is 0 parts, that is, the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring material formulation does not contain an inorganic binder.

[0061] In order to detect the performance of the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 1-1 to 1-8, the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 1-1 to 1-8 were mixed and stirred with water to prepare mortar specimens of 40×40×160 mm. Referring to Q / CR 352-2016 "Anchoring of Concrete Sleeper Spiral Studs", its insulation performance was detected. Referring to GB / T17671-2021 "Test Method for Strength of Cement Mortar (ISO Method)", its 6h compressive strength and 28d compressive strength were detected; referring to GB / T1346-2011 "Test Method for Standard Consistency Water Requirement, Setting Time and Soundness of Cement", its setting time (final setting time) was detected; at the same time, according to the detection method of GB / T2419-2005 "Test Method for Fluidity of Cement Mortar", the spread of the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring materials prepared in Examples 1-1 to 1-8 was detected; the detection results are shown in Table 1.

[0062] Table 1 shows the experimental results of the discussion on the types of inorganic binders

[0063]

[0064] As can be seen from Table 1, when no inorganic binder is added to the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring material formulation in Example 1-8, the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring material cannot coagulate after being mixed with water; different types of inorganic binders have an impact on the spread, compressive strength and insulation performance of the mortar specimens prepared from the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring material. The performance of the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 1-1 to 1-7 meets the requirements of the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring material. Among them, when CA and SAC are used in combination as the inorganic binder in Example 1-1, the spread, 6h and 28d compressive strength, and insulation performance of the mortar specimens prepared from the ceramic-like matrix insulating anchoring material are the best among other inorganic binders, and the setting time is more appropriate.

[0065] Example 2: Discussion on the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder

[0066] In order to study the influence of the mass ratio of aluminate cement (CA) and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) in the inorganic binder on the performance of the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material of the present invention, Examples 2-1 to 2-6 were carried out in the present invention. The specific contents of Examples 2-1 to 2-6 are as follows:

[0067] Example 2-1:

[0068] A ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 parts of water reducer, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of insulation synergist, 0.03 parts of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 parts of retarder, 0.2 parts of defoamer; wherein, the inorganic binder is composed of a mixture of aluminate cement (CA) and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement (SAC), and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 20%; the curing accelerator is calcium sulfate; the aggregate is quartz sand; the water reducer is melamine water reducer; the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder; the insulation synergist is nano calcium carbonate; the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber, the retarder is borax; the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer in the form of a solid powder (purchased from Jinan Qingtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0069] The preparation method of the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material is as follows:

[0070] (1) The aggregate is dried at 100-150 °C so that the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%;

[0071] (2) The curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulation synergist, water reducer, free water adsorbent, retarder and defoamer are added to the dried aggregate and stirred evenly, and the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material is obtained.

[0072] Example 2-2:

[0073] The content of Example 2-2 is the same as that of Example 2-1, and the difference is that: the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 30%.

[0074] Example 2-3:

[0075] The content of Example 2-3 is the same as that of Example 2-1, and the difference is that: the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 50%.

[0076] Example 2-4:

[0077] The content of Example 2-4 is the same as that of Example 2-1, and the difference is that: the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 60%.

[0078] Examples 2 - 5:

[0079] The content of Examples 2 - 5 is the same as that of Example 2 - 1, and the difference lies in that the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 70%.

[0080] Example 2 - 6:

[0081] The content of Example 2 - 6 is the same as that of Example 2 - 1, and the difference lies in that the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 80%.

[0082] In order to detect the performance of the ceramic - like matrix insulating anchoring material prepared in Examples 2 - 1 to 2 - 6, the ceramic - like matrix insulating anchoring material prepared in Examples 2 - 1 to 2 - 6 was mixed and stirred with water to prepare mortar specimens of 40×40×160 mm, and its performance was detected according to the method described in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0083] Table 2 Experimental results of CA in inorganic binder

[0084]

[0085]

[0086] As can be seen from Table 2, when the CA content in the inorganic binder is 20% - 80%, the performance of the prepared anchoring material meets the performance requirements of the ceramic - like matrix insulating anchoring material; when the CA content in the inorganic binder exceeds 70%, the setting time of the anchoring material is shorter and the construction performance becomes worse; when the CA content in the inorganic binder is 40%, the compressive strength and insulation of the anchoring material are optimal, and the spread is better. Therefore, the CA content in the inorganic binder is preferably 20% - 80%, more preferably 20% - 70%, and most preferably 40%.

[0087] Example 3: Screening of curing accelerator types

[0088] In order to study the influence of the type of curing accelerator on the performance of the ceramic - like matrix insulating anchoring material of the present invention, Examples 3 - 1 to 3 - 6 were carried out in the present invention. The specific content of Examples 3 - 1 to 3 - 6 is as follows:

[0089] Example 3 - 1:

[0090] A kind of ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 parts of water reducing agent, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of insulating synergist, 0.03 parts of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 parts of retarder, and 0.2 parts of defoamer; wherein, the inorganic binder is composed of aluminate cement and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement, and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 40%; the curing accelerator is aluminum sulfate; the aggregate is quartz sand; the water reducing agent is melamine water reducing agent; the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder; the insulating synergist is nano calcium carbonate; the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber, the retarder is borax; the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer in the form of a solid powder (purchased from Jinan Qingtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0091] The preparation method of the above ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is as follows:

[0092] (1) Dry the aggregate at 100 - 150 °C to make the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%;

[0093] (2) Add the inorganic binder to the dried aggregate and mix and stir evenly, then add the curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulating synergist, water reducing agent, free water adsorbent, retarder and defoamer, and stir and mix evenly to obtain the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material.

[0094] Example 3-2:

[0095] The content of Example 3-2 is the same as that of Example 3-1, and the difference is that: the curing accelerator is sodium sulfate.

[0096] Example 3-3:

[0097] The content of Example 3-3 is the same as that of Example 3-1, and the difference is that: the curing accelerator is magnesium oxide.

[0098] Example 3-4:

[0099] The content of Example 3-4 is the same as that of Example 3-1, and the difference is that: the curing accelerator is calcium oxide.

[0100] Example 3-5:

[0101] The content of Example 3-5 is the same as that of Example 3-1, and the difference is that: the curing accelerator is lithium carbonate.

[0102] Example 3-6:

[0103] The content of Examples 3-6 is the same as that of Example 3-1, and the difference lies in that the dosage of the curing accelerator in the formula of the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is 0 part, that is, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material formula does not contain a curing accelerator.

[0104] In order to detect the performance of the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 3-1 to 3-6, the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 3-1 to 3-6 were mixed and stirred with water to prepare mortar specimens of 40×40×160 mm, and their performance was tested according to the method described in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 3.

[0105] Table 3 shows the experimental results of the discussion on the types of curing accelerators

[0106]

[0107] As can be seen from Table 3, when no curing accelerator is added, the setting time of the anchoring material is longer; compared with the case without adding a curing accelerator, the setting time of the anchoring material is shortened after adding a curing accelerator, and all performances are significantly better than those of the anchoring material without adding a curing agent. Moreover, when calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and lithium carbonate are used as curing accelerators, the performance of the anchoring material meets the performance requirements of the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material; among them, when calcium sulfate is used as the curing accelerator, the compressive strength and insulation of the anchoring material are better than those of other curing accelerators, and the spread and setting time are also more appropriate.

[0108] Example 4: Discussion on the types of insulation synergists

[0109] In order to study the influence of the types of insulation synergists on the performance of the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material of the present invention, Examples 4-1 to 4-4 were carried out in the present invention. The specific content of Examples 4-1 to 4-4 is as follows:

[0110] Example 4-1:

[0111] A ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 part of water reducer, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 part of insulation synergist, 0.03 part of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 part of retarder, and 0.2 part of defoamer; wherein, the inorganic binder is composed of a mixture of aluminate cement and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement, and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 40%; the curing accelerator is calcium sulfate; the aggregate is quartz sand; the water reducer is melamine water reducer; the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder; the insulation synergist is nano-aluminum oxide; the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber, the retarder is borax; the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer in the form of a solid powder (purchased from Jinan Qingtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0112] The preparation method of the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is as follows:

[0113] (1) Dry the aggregate at 100 - 150 °C so that the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%;

[0114] (2) Add an inorganic binder to the dried aggregate and mix well by stirring, then add a curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulation synergist, water reducing agent, free water adsorbent, retarder and defoamer, and stir and mix well to obtain the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material.

[0115] Example 4-2:

[0116] The content of Example 4-2 is the same as that of Example 4-1, and the difference is that the insulation synergist is disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

[0117] Example 4-3:

[0118] The content of Example 4-3 is the same as that of Example 4-1, and the difference is that the insulation synergist is nano-silica.

[0119] Example 4-4:

[0120] The content of Example 4-4 is the same as that of Example 4-1, and the difference is that the dosage of the insulation synergist in the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material formula is 0 parts, that is, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material formula does not contain an insulation synergist.

[0121] In order to detect the performance of the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 4-1 to 4-4, the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 4-1 to 4-4 were mixed and stirred with water to prepare mortar specimens of 40×40×160 mm, and their performance was tested according to the method described in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 4.

[0122] Table 4 Experimental results of discussion on the types of insulation synergists

[0123]

[0124] As can be seen from Table 4, when no insulation synergist is added, the insulation of the prepared anchoring material is poor; compared with not adding an insulation synergist, after adding an insulation synergist, the insulation performance of the anchoring material is significantly improved, and when nano-calcium carbonate, nano-aluminum oxide, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and nano-silica are used as insulation synergists, the performance of the prepared anchoring materials all meets the performance requirements of the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material; among them, when nano-calcium carbonate is used as the insulation synergist, the insulation performance of the anchoring material is the best.

[0125] Example 5: Discussion on the types of reinforcing fibers

[0126] In order to study the influence of the type of reinforcing fiber on the properties of the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material of the present invention, Examples 5-1 to 5-5 were carried out in the present invention. The specific contents of Examples 5-1 to 5-5 are as follows:

[0127] Example 5-1:

[0128] A kind of ceramic-based insulating anchoring material is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 parts of water reducing agent, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of insulating synergist, 0.03 parts of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 parts of retarder, and 0.2 parts of defoamer; wherein, the inorganic binder is composed of aluminate cement and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement, and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 40%; the curing accelerator is calcium sulfate; the aggregate is quartz sand; the water reducing agent is melamine water reducing agent; the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder; the insulating synergist is nano calcium carbonate; the reinforcing fiber is cellulose, the retarder is borax; the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer in the form of a solid powder (purchased from Jinan Qingtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0129] The preparation method of the above-mentioned ceramic-based insulating anchoring material is as follows:

[0130] (1) The aggregate is dried at 100-150 °C so that the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%;

[0131] (2) Add the inorganic binder to the dried aggregate and mix and stir evenly, then add the curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulating synergist, water reducing agent, free water adsorbent, retarder and defoamer, and stir and mix evenly to obtain the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material.

[0132] Example 5-2:

[0133] The content of Example 5-2 is the same as that of Example 5-1, and the difference is that: the reinforcing fiber is basalt fiber.

[0134] Example 5-3:

[0135] The content of Example 5-3 is the same as that of Example 5-1, and the difference is that: the reinforcing fiber is polypropylene fiber.

[0136] Example 5-4:

[0137] The content of Example 5-4 is the same as that of Example 5-1, and the difference is that: the amount of the reinforcing fiber in the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material formula is 0 part, that is, the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material formula does not contain reinforcing fiber.

[0138] To detect the performance of the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 5-1 to 5-4, the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 5-1 to 5-4 were mixed and stirred with water to prepare mortar specimens of 40×40×160 mm, and their performance was detected according to the method described in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 5.

[0139] Table 5 shows the experimental results of the discussion on the types of reinforcing fibers

[0140]

[0141] As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the case without adding reinforcing fibers, the 28-day compressive strength of the anchoring materials has been significantly improved after adding reinforcing fibers. Moreover, when glass fiber, cellulose, basalt fiber, and polypropylene fiber are used as reinforcing fibers, the performance of the prepared anchoring materials meets the performance requirements of ceramic-based insulating anchoring materials. Among them, when glass fiber is used as the reinforcing fiber, the 28-day compressive strength of the anchoring material is the highest and the insulation is the best.

[0142] Example 6: Discussion on the types of retarders

[0143] To study the influence of the types of retarders on the performance of the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material of the present invention, Examples 6-1 to 6-5 were carried out in the present invention. The specific contents of Examples 6-1 to 6-5 are as follows:

[0144] Example 6-1:

[0145] A kind of ceramic-based insulating anchoring material is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 parts of water reducing agent, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of insulation enhancer, 0.03 parts of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 parts of retarder, and 0.2 parts of defoaming agent; wherein, the inorganic binder is composed of a mixture of aluminate cement and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement, and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 40%; the curing accelerator is calcium sulfate; the aggregate is quartz sand; the water reducing agent is melamine water reducing agent; the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder; the insulation enhancer is nano calcium carbonate; the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber, the retarder is sodium gluconate; the defoaming agent is an organosilicon defoaming agent in the form of a solid powder (purchased from Jinan Qingtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0146] The preparation method of the above ceramic-based insulating anchoring material is as follows:

[0147] (1) The aggregate is dried at 100-150 °C to make the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%;

[0148] (2) Add an inorganic binder to the dried aggregate and mix thoroughly, then add a curing accelerator, reinforcing fibers, insulation synergist, water reducer, free water adsorbent, retarder, and defoamer, and stir well to obtain the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material.

[0149] Example 6-2:

[0150] The content of Example 6-2 is the same as that of Example 6-1, and the difference is that: the retarder is citric acid.

[0151] Example 6-3:

[0152] The content of Example 6-3 is the same as that of Example 6-1, and the difference is that: the retarder is tartaric acid.

[0153] Example 6-4:

[0154] The content of Example 6-4 is the same as that of Example 6-1, and the difference is that: the retarder is zinc phosphate.

[0155] Example 6-5:

[0156] The content of Example 6-5 is the same as that of Example 6-1, and the difference is that: the dosage of the retarder in the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material formula is 0 parts, that is, the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material formula does not contain a retarder.

[0157] In order to detect the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring materials prepared in Examples 6-1 to 6-5, water was added for mixing and stirring treatment to prepare mortar specimens of 40×40×160 mm, and their properties were tested according to the method described in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 6.

[0158] Table 6 shows the experimental results of discussing the types of retarders

[0159]

[0160] As can be seen from Table 6, when no retarder is added, the setting time of the anchoring material is very short (10 min), and the workability is poor; compared with not adding a retarder, after adding a coagulant, the setting time of the anchoring material is prolonged, and the compressive strength is also significantly improved. Moreover, when using sodium gluconate, citric acid, tartaric acid, zinc phosphate, and borax as retarders, the properties of the anchoring material meet the performance requirements of the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material.

[0161] Example 7: Discussion on the types of free water adsorbents

[0162] In order to study the influence of the types of free water adsorbents on the performance of the ceramic-like base insulation anchoring material of the present invention, Examples 7-1 to 7-3 were carried out in the present invention. The specific contents of Examples 7-1 to 7-3 are as follows:

[0163] Example 7-1:

[0164] A kind of ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is composed of the following raw materials: 40 parts of inorganic binder, 2.4 parts of curing accelerator, 51.5 parts of aggregate, 0.77 parts of water reducing agent, 4.2 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.4 parts of insulating synergist, 0.03 parts of reinforcing fiber, 0.5 parts of retarder, and 0.2 parts of defoamer; wherein, the inorganic binder is composed of a mixture of aluminate cement and high-strength sulphoaluminate cement, and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 40%; the curing accelerator is calcium sulfate; the aggregate is quartz sand; the water reducing agent is melamine water reducing agent; the free water adsorbent is mica sand; the insulating synergist is nano calcium carbonate; the reinforcing fiber is glass fiber, the retarder is borax; the defoamer is an organosilicon defoamer in the form of a solid powder (purchased from Jinan Qingtian Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.).

[0165] The preparation method of the above-mentioned ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material is as follows:

[0166] (1) Dry the aggregate at 100-150°C to make the water content of the dried aggregate ≤ 0.5%;

[0167] (2) Add the inorganic binder to the dried aggregate and mix and stir evenly, then add the curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulating synergist, water reducing agent, free water adsorbent, retarder and defoamer, and stir and mix evenly to obtain the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material.

[0168] Example 7-2:

[0169] The content of Example 7-2 is the same as that of Example 7-1, and the difference is that: the free water adsorbent is kaolin.

[0170] Example 7-3:

[0171] The content of Example 7-3 is the same as that of Example 7-1, and the difference is that: the free water adsorbent is zeolite powder.

[0172] Example 7-4:

[0173] The content of Example 7-4 is the same as that of Example 7-1, and the difference is that: the dosage of the free water adsorbent in the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material formula is 0 part, that is, the ceramic-like base insulating anchoring material formula does not contain free water adsorbent.

[0174] To detect the performance of the anchoring materials prepared in Examples 7-1 to 7-3, the materials in Examples 7-1 to 7-43 were mixed and stirred with water to prepare mortar specimens of 40×40×160 mm, and their performance was detected according to the method described in Example 1. The test results are shown in Table 7.

[0175] Table 7 shows the experimental results of the discussion on the types of free water adsorbents

[0176]

[0177] As can be seen from Table 7, when no free water adsorbent is added, the setting time of the anchoring material is short and the insulation is poor; compared with the case without adding a free water adsorbent, when mica sand, kaolin, or zeolite powder is used as the free water adsorbent, both the setting time and the insulation of the anchoring material are improved, and moreover, the performance of the anchoring material meets the performance requirements of the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material; among them, when zeolite powder is used as the free water adsorbent, the 28-day compressive strength of the anchoring material is the highest and the insulation is the best.

[0178] The above embodiments are specific implementation manners of the present invention, but the implementation manners of the present invention are not limited by the above embodiments. Any combination, change, modification, substitution, or simplification that does not exceed the design concept of the present invention falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ceramic-based insulating anchoring material, characterized in that: The ceramic-based insulating anchor material is mainly composed of the following raw materials by weight: 25-55 parts of inorganic binder, 1-6 parts of curing accelerator, 35-65 parts of aggregate, 0.1-3 parts of water reducer, 1-8 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.1-2 parts of insulation enhancer, 0.01-1 parts of reinforcing fiber and 0.1-2 parts of retarder.

2. The ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In parts by weight, the ceramic-based insulating anchor material is mainly composed of the following raw materials: 30 to 50 parts of inorganic binder, 1 to 4 parts of curing accelerator, 40 to 60 parts of aggregate, 0.1 to 1 part of water reducer, 2 to 6 parts of free water adsorbent, 0.1 to 1 part of insulation enhancer, 0.01 to 1 part of reinforcing fiber, and 0.1 to 2 parts of retarder.

3. The ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The inorganic binder is at least one of aluminate cement, sulphoaluminate cement, magnesium phosphate cement, magnesium phosphate cement clinker, double-fast cement, and silicate cement; the curing accelerator is at least one of calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfate, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, and lithium carbonate.

4. The ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inorganic binder is formed by mixing aluminate cement and sulphoaluminate cement, and the content of aluminate cement in the inorganic binder is 20% to 80%.

5. The ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The insulation enhancer is at least one of nano calcium carbonate, nano alumina, disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and nano silicon dioxide; the reinforcing fiber is at least one of glass fiber, cellulose, basalt fiber, and polypropylene fiber; and the aggregate is at least one of quartz sand, standard sand, river sand, machine-made sand, and corundum powder.

6. The ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The retarder is at least one of borax, sodium gluconate, citric acid, tartaric acid, and zinc phosphate; the free water adsorbent is at least one of zeolite powder, mica sand, and kaolin.

7. The ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to claim 6, characterized in that: The water reducer is at least one of melamine water reducer, polycarboxylic acid water reducer, lignin sulfonate water reducer, naphthalene water reducer, melamine water reducer, aminosulfonate water reducer and aliphatic water reducer; the ceramic-based insulating anchor material also contains an auxiliary agent, and the amount of the auxiliary agent is 0.1 to 2 parts by weight.

8. The ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary agent is a defoaming agent.

9. The method for preparing the ceramic-based insulating anchor material according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Drying the aggregate; (2) Adding an inorganic binder to the dried aggregate, mixing well, and then adding a curing accelerator, reinforcing fiber, insulation enhancer, water reducer, free water adsorbent, and retarder, stirring and mixing well to obtain the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material.

10. Use of the ceramic-based insulating anchoring material according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the anchoring of sleepers and spikes.

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