Multifunctional grain detection device and method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a multifunctional grain detection device and method in the field of grain detection technology, including a spectral body, a rotating detection component including a supporting chassis, a functional cavity provided in the supporting chassis, a driving member fixedly connected in the functional cavity, a signal of the driving member being connected to a control unit, an output shaft of the driving member being coaxially fixedly connected to a turntable, the turntable being eccentrically hinged with a transmission rod, and the other end of the transmission rod being hinged with a sliding fitting member for slidingly cooperating with the functional cavity; a placement plate is provided above the sliding fitting member, a first trigger unit for triggering the rotation of the placement plate based on the movement of a first shift block and a second shift block is provided at the bottom of the placement plate; a detection part for placing and detecting the sample is provided at the top of the placement plate. The present invention has a simple structure, and realizes precise positioning, vibration correction and multi-mode efficient detection of the sample by combining mechanical transmission with intelligent control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of grain detection, and in particular relates to a multifunctional grain detection device and method. Background Art

[0002] With the increasing regulatory requirements for food quality and safety, food testing technologies must meet the demands for efficient and accurate testing of diverse sample forms (such as solid flakes, liquids, and granules). Traditional testing equipment often uses a single detection module, requiring switching between specialized equipment for different sample forms. This results in cumbersome operation and low testing efficiency. This has led to the emergence of existing technologies for testing multiple sample types, such as the MPA near-infrared spectrometer. When testing solid flake samples, this instrument typically relies on manually rotating the sample carrier to switch between multiple samples, resulting in misalignment between the light source and the sample, affecting spectral detection accuracy. Inadequate optical path correction in testing liquid samples can easily introduce transmittance errors.

[0003] To achieve efficient, automated testing, existing technologies often employ drive components for control. For example, prior art publication CN211292570U describes a spectroscopic device for measuring amylose content in grains. The device comprises a housing, a partition, an annular transport tray, and a column. The tray is connected to a rotary drive that rotates the tray about its center. Slits are provided in the screen to allow the test container to move from one unit cavity to the next. This device can rapidly determine amylose content through spectral detection and can simultaneously test multiple samples, reducing operation time and improving efficiency.

[0004] However, the rotary drive devices in the aforementioned patents mostly utilize gear systems, which are subject to backlash errors, resulting in unstable sample disk rotation and positioning. Furthermore, the centrifugal force generated by high-speed rotation can easily cause sample displacement, resulting in detection signal drift. The coupled interference of mechanical vibration noise and sample displacement further reduces data reliability. In particular, in continuous detection scenarios, traditional equipment struggles to achieve strict synchronization between detection initiation and rotation count, making missed detections or data misalignment more likely.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to propose a multifunctional grain detection device and method, which can achieve precise positioning of samples by combining mechanical transmission with intelligent control. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional grain detection device and method, which combines mechanical transmission with intelligent control to achieve precise positioning of samples, vibration correction and multi-mode efficient detection.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a multifunctional grain detection device, comprising a spectrometer body, on which are disposed multiple types of detection elements, and above which is disposed a rotating detection assembly for placing solid sheet samples for performing multi-sample detection in a rotating manner;

[0008] The rotation detection assembly includes a supporting chassis, a functional cavity is provided in the supporting chassis, a driving member is fixedly connected to the functional cavity, the driving member signal is connected to the control unit, the output shaft of the driving member is coaxially fixedly connected to the turntable, the turntable is eccentrically hinged to a transmission rod, the other end of the transmission rod is hinged to a sliding mating member for slidingly cooperating with the functional cavity, and the top of the sliding mating member is fixedly connected to a first shift block and a second shift block;

[0009] A placement plate is provided above the sliding fitting, and a first trigger unit is provided at the bottom of the placement plate for triggering the rotation of the placement plate based on the movement of the first shift block and the second shift block; a detection unit is provided at the top of the placement plate for placing and detecting a sample;

[0010] A second trigger unit for recording the number of rotations of the placement disk and a third trigger unit for activating the detection unit and assisting in recording the number of rotations of the placement disk are respectively provided on the side of the first shift block and the second shift block close to each other. Both the second trigger unit and the third trigger unit are connected to the control unit by signal.

[0011] After the driving member is activated, the sliding fitting drives the first and second shift blocks to move in sequence. The second and third trigger units sequentially trigger the first trigger unit, completing a single count and driving the placement plate to step to the next detection position. When the third trigger unit is released, the control unit synchronously receives the conduction signal and immediately triggers the detection unit to perform spectral data acquisition.

[0012] The bottom of the placement plate is coaxially connected to a rotating rod, and the bottom end of the rotating rod is fixedly connected to the top of the spectrum body.

[0013] The principle of the basic solution: Through the articulated design of the eccentric turntable and the transmission rod of the driving part, the rotational motion is converted into the linear reciprocating motion of the sliding mating part, thereby driving the alternating push of the first and second shift blocks; and the inclined surface design of the first and second shift blocks engages with the gear blocks, and the vector decomposition of the force drives the stepping rotation of the gear disc to achieve precise positioning of the placement disc.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the basic program are:

[0015] 1. Compared with traditional gear transmissions that cause sample tray positioning errors due to inter-tooth clearance, the present invention uses an articulated design of an eccentric turntable coaxially fixed to the output shaft of the drive member and the transmission rod to convert rotational motion into precise linear reciprocating motion of the sliding mating part within the functional cavity. Combined with the alternating meshing and driving of the inclined surfaces of the first and second shift blocks with the tooth blocks, the meshing clearance of traditional gear transmission is completely eliminated, thereby realizing the vector force component of the dual shift blocks to drive the tooth blocks to step rotation, achieving the desired placement of the tray positioning accuracy and ensuring strict alignment of the sample chamber and the optical path of the lens unit.

[0016] 2. By using the second trigger unit triggered by the first shift block and the circuit conduction signal (third trigger unit) triggered by the second shift block, a dual-signal feedback mechanism with timing matching is established, thereby achieving strict timing locking between the mechanical trigger (pressure signal) and the electronic control trigger (circuit conduction), solving the problem of missed detection rate caused by "asynchronous rotation counting and detection start" in traditional equipment.

[0017] 3. Through the design of multiple types of detection parts, it supports rapid switching detection of solid flakes, liquids, particles and in-situ samples, with a detection efficiency of 60 samples / hour, meeting the diverse needs of grain quality control.

[0018] Furthermore, the sliding fitting includes a sliding block located in the functional cavity, and a notch is opened on the top of the functional cavity, the sliding block can move to the notch, and the first shift block and the second shift block are both fixedly connected to the top of the sliding block and extend through the notch to the outside of the functional cavity;

[0019] There is a shifting gap between the first shift block and the second shift block, and the first shift block and the second shift block are both inverted right-angled trapezoids with inclined surfaces close to each other, and the upper bottom wall of the first shift block and the lower bottom wall of the second shift block are located on the same horizontal plane.

[0020] The beneficial effect of the basic solution is that the sliding block that slides stably in the functional cavity can accurately transmit power to the external shift block, ensuring the accuracy and stability of the rotational positioning of the placement disk.

[0021] Furthermore, the first trigger unit includes an annular disk fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement disk, and an elliptical tooth block is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular disk along its circumference. The tooth blocks can all be located in the shifting gap, and both sides of the tooth block can intermittently contact the first shift block and the second shift block respectively.

[0022] The beneficial effect of the basic scheme is that the elliptical tooth block is in intermittent contact with the first and second shift blocks, and the reciprocating motion of the sliding mating parts is converted into a precise step rotation of the placement plate by utilizing the vector decomposition effect of the first and second shift blocks' inclined surfaces and the tooth block's side surfaces, thereby ensuring accurate sample positioning.

[0023] Furthermore, the detection portion includes a plurality of placement slots provided on the top of the placement tray, and the placement slots are arranged circumferentially along the top of the placement tray;

[0024] A lens unit is provided on the top of the movement detection component, and a light source output port of the lens unit is located above the toggle gap.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: the placement slots arranged circumferentially on the top of the placement tray can hold multiple samples. As the placement tray rotates, the samples move in sequence to the bottom of the light source output port of the lens unit for detection, achieving efficient and continuous detection of multiple samples and improving detection efficiency; the light source output port of the lens unit is fixed above the toggle gap, precisely corresponding to the moving path of the placement slots, ensuring that each sample can accurately receive light source irradiation and ensuring the accuracy of the detection.

[0026] Furthermore, the second trigger unit includes a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor is signal-connected to the control unit.

[0027] The beneficial effect of the basic solution is that the pressure sensor can accurately collect the pressure signal when the first shift block contacts the tooth block, ensuring that each contact can be accurately identified, providing a reliable basis for counting the rotation of the placement disk.

[0028] Furthermore, the third trigger unit includes a motion cavity provided in the second shift block, a fixed block is fixedly connected in the motion cavity, a moving rod is slidably connected to the fixed block, an extrusion block is fixedly connected to the moving rod, the extrusion block extends outside the motion cavity, and the portion of the extrusion block located outside the motion cavity is arc-shaped;

[0029] The other end of the moving rod is fixedly connected to a slide plate, and a side of the slide plate away from the moving rod is fixedly connected to a plurality of first springs, and the other ends of the first springs are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the movement cavity;

[0030] Electrical contact blocks are symmetrically provided on both sides of the slide, and the electrical contact blocks are electrically connected to the positive line. Normally closed contacts and normally open contacts are respectively provided on the fixed block and the inner wall of the moving cavity close to the slide. The normally open contacts are electrically connected to the negative line. The electrical contact blocks on both sides of the slide can contact the normally closed contacts and the normally open contacts respectively. The control unit is signal-connected to both the positive line and the negative line.

[0031] When the slide moves to the preset position, the power contact block contacts and the normally open contact block, so that the positive and negative circuits form a closed loop and output a conduction signal to the control unit;

[0032] When the slide is in the initial position, the power contact block keeps in contact with the normally closed contact block, and the positive circuit and the negative circuit are in an open circuit state.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the basic scheme are: the power contact block and the normally open contact block are brought into contact and connected by moving the slide, and a conduction signal is output to the control unit, which reliably starts the detection part and ensures that the detection is carried out in time after the placement plate is accurately in place; and when the slide is in the initial position, the power contact block and the normally closed contact block are in contact to break the circuit, clearly feeding back the initial state, and forming a complete state feedback mechanism in conjunction with the conduction state, which is convenient for the control unit to accurately judge and control the process.

[0034] Furthermore, a sample chamber is provided in each placement slot, and a plurality of second springs are provided on both sides of the sample chamber, and the other ends of the second springs are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the placement slot;

[0035] A vibration cavity is provided in each gear block, and linkage rods are slidably fitted on both sides of the vibration cavity near the first shift block and the second shift block. The linkage rods pass through the vibration cavity on the side away from the vibration cavity and extend to the outside of the vibration cavity to be fixedly connected to a contact ball. One end of the linkage rod located in the vibration cavity is provided with a first wedge block with a wedge surface facing the bottom of the placement groove;

[0036] The top of the vibration chamber is symmetrically slidably fitted with a push rod, the top of the push rod is located at the bottom of the sample chamber, the bottom of the push rod is located in the vibration chamber, and the bottom of the push rod is provided with a second wedge block with a wedge surface facing the linkage rod, and the push rod is engaged with the corresponding linkage rod through the wedge surface of the first wedge block and the second wedge block;

[0037] The linkage rod and the push rod are both fixedly connected with a third spring, and the third spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vibration cavity.

[0038] The beneficial effect of the basic solution is that the linkage rod and the push rod cooperate through the wedge surface to convert the horizontal extrusion of the shift block into a vertical lifting force, periodically pushing the bottom of the sample chamber to offset the sample deviation caused by centrifugal force and ensure the alignment of the center of the optical path.

[0039] Furthermore, a multifunctional grain detection method, based on the multifunctional grain detection device, comprises the following steps:

[0040] S1, preparation before testing: pre-process the grain samples according to their morphology, dry and slice solid flake samples, filter and remove impurities from liquid samples, and grind and sieve granular samples before placing them in corresponding containers;

[0041] S2, select detection mode: switch detection components based on the grain sample type through the control unit, where:

[0042] The solid sheet sample is triggered by the rotation detection component 4 to alternately push the placement plate to rotate step by step. The pressure sensor and the circuit conduction dual signal are combined to synchronously record the rotation number index and collect the diffuse reflectance spectrum.

[0043] Liquid and particulate samples are switched to multiple types of test pieces for testing;

[0044] S3, data collection: classify and collect the detection data of each sample based on the control unit;

[0045] S4, result output: Generate a comprehensive report containing component quantification, uniformity score and abnormality marking.

[0046] Furthermore, in S2, the specific detection steps of the solid sheet sample are as follows:

[0047] S2-1, sample placement: placing the flake grain samples in several sample chambers in sequence;

[0048] S2-2, rotation detection: The driving member is started to drive the turntable to swing periodically. Through the linkage between the transmission rod and the sliding fitting, the first shift block and the second shift block are driven to alternately push the gear block, so that the placement plate rotates at a preset angle;

[0049] S2-3, detection trigger:

[0050] When the first shift block contacts the gear block, the pressure sensor records the contact pressure signal and triggers the control unit to record the rotation number index;

[0051] When the second shift block contacts the tooth block, the extrusion block is squeezed by the inclined surface of the tooth block, driving the slide to compress the first spring, so that the power contact block and the normally open contact block are connected, and a detection start pulse is sent to the control unit;

[0052] S2-4, vibration adjustment: During the rotation process, the first and second shift blocks periodically squeeze the contact ball, driving the push rod to push the bottom of the sample chamber laterally to offset the sample deviation caused by centrifugal force and ensure that the center of the sample is aligned with the optical path of the lens unit;

[0053] S2-5, data collection: The control unit responds to the detection start pulse, triggers the lens unit to output the detection light source, synchronously records the vibration frequency and amplitude of the push rod in the vibration chamber, generates the vibration optimization coefficient, associates the spectral data with the vibration coefficient, and eliminates the mechanical vibration noise through the dynamic baseline correction algorithm.

[0054] Furthermore, the dynamic baseline correction algorithm in S2-5 is implemented by extracting the 10-80 Hz noise frequency band and its energy distribution characteristics related to mechanical movement based on the vibration frequency and amplitude recorded by the push rod in the vibration chamber, establishing a vibration intensity grading model, performing adaptive multi-scale decomposition on the original spectral data, and performing weighted sliding average smoothing on the effective spectral interval. The weight coefficient is negatively correlated with the vibration optimization coefficient. Finally, the baseline correction parameters are adjusted in real time according to the vibration intensity grading model, the corrected spectral data are associated with the vibration feedback signal, and the anti-interference absorbance matrix is output.

[0055] The beneficial effects of the basic solution are: through precise preprocessing and intelligent mode switching, it adapts to the diverse detection needs of grain samples in different forms; during the detection process, the rotating detection component realizes precise step rotation and vibration correction of the sample, and combines the dual-signal trigger mechanism to ensure the accuracy and synchronization of detection startup; the dynamic baseline correction algorithm effectively eliminates mechanical vibration noise and improves the quality of spectral data; the multi-dimensional data collection and analysis method deeply mines sample information to achieve precise detection such as component quantification and foreign matter identification. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0056] Figure 1 This is an axonometric diagram of a multifunctional grain detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 2 This is an axonometric view of the placement plate in the multifunctional grain detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 3 This is an axonometric view of the sliding block in the multifunctional grain detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0059] Figure 4 This is a top view of the sliding block in the multifunctional grain detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0060] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the lateral cooperation between the shift block and the tooth block in the multifunctional grain detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] Figure 6 This is a side sectional view of the second shifting block in the multifunctional grain detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0062] Figure 7 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of part A in .

[0063] Figure 8 for Figure 5 Magnified view of part B in .

[0064] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the steps in the multifunctional grain detection method according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0066] The figure marks in the drawings of the specification include: 1. spectrum body; 2. liquid detection component; 3. moving detection component; 4. rotating detection component; 5. lens unit; 6. supporting chassis; 7. driving member; 8. turntable; 9. transmission rod; 10. slide rail; 11. slider; 12. rotating rod; 13. gear block; 14. placement plate; 15. placement groove; 16. notch; 17. sliding block; 18. second shift block; 181. normally open contact block; 182. first spring; 183. power contact block; 184. slide plate; 185. fixed block; 186. moving rod; 187. squeezing block; 188. normally closed contact block; 189. motion chamber; 19. functional chamber; 20. sample chamber; 21. second spring; 22. push rod; 23. linkage rod; 24. contact ball; 25. third spring; 26. vibration chamber; 27. first shift block; 28. annular disk.

[0067] Embodiment 1:

[0068] Basically as attached Figures 1-9 As shown: A multifunctional grain detection device includes a spectrometer body 1, on which are provided multiple types of detection components, including a mobile detection component 3 arranged along one side of the spectrometer body 1 in the longitudinal direction, for detecting a sample in a container using an optical fiber probe; a liquid detection component 2 arranged along one side of the spectrometer body 1 in the width direction, for detecting liquid; a particle detection component arranged on the top of the spectrometer body 1, for detecting particulate matter; and a rotating detection component 4 arranged above the particle detection component, for placing solid sheet samples for multi-sample detection in a rotating manner; wherein the mobile detection component 3, the liquid detection component 2, and the particle detection component are all designed with reference to the MPA II model.

[0069] In the prior art, when performing rotation detection, manual rotation is mainly performed to move different samples to the corresponding detection positions. However, during the detection process, the precise alignment of the detection light source and the sample will directly affect the subsequent detection accuracy. To this end, the present invention compensates for this problem by designing a rotation detection component 4, wherein the rotation detection component 4 includes a support chassis 6, which can be detachably connected to the top of the spectrometer body 1 by bolts, and a functional cavity 19 is defined in the support chassis 6. A driving member 7 is fixedly connected to the functional cavity 19 with bolts. The driving member 7 is preferably a stepping motor, and the signal of the driving member 7 is connected to the control unit.

[0070] The output shaft of the driving member 7 is coaxially welded with a turntable 8, and the turntable 8 is eccentrically hinged with a transmission rod 9. The other end of the transmission rod 9 is hinged with a sliding fitting for slidingly cooperating with the functional cavity 19. For this purpose, the control unit sends a signal to the driving member 7. After receiving the signal, the driving member 7 starts to operate, and its output shaft rotates. Since the output shaft of the driving member 7 is coaxially welded with the turntable 8, it will drive the turntable 8 to make a circular motion. The turntable 8 is hinged to the transmission rod 9. With the circumferential motion of the turntable 8, one end of the transmission rod 9 will make a circular motion around the hinge point of the turntable 8, and the other end will drive the sliding fitting hinged thereto to make a reciprocating linear motion. The sliding fitting is in sliding cooperation with the functional cavity 19. Driven by the transmission rod 9, the sliding fitting makes a reciprocating linear motion in the functional cavity 19.

[0071] In order to accurately realize the rotation detection, the sliding fitting includes a sliding block 17 located in the functional cavity. A notch 16 is opened at the top of the functional cavity 19. The sliding block 17 can move to the notch 16. The first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18 are both fixedly connected to the top of the sliding block 17 and extend through the notch 16 to the outside of the functional cavity 19. A slider 11 is welded to the bottom of the sliding block 17. A slide rail 10 is opened on the bottom wall of the functional cavity 19 to slide with the slider 11. The sliding block 17 and the functional cavity 19 are laterally slidably matched through the slider 11 and the slide rail 10.

[0072] There is a shifting gap between the first shifting block 27 and the second shifting block 18, and the first shifting block 27 and the second shifting block 18 are both inverted right-angled trapezoids with inclined surfaces close to each other, and the upper bottom wall of the first shifting block 27 and the lower bottom wall of the second shifting block 18 are located on the same horizontal plane (such as Figure 4 shown);

[0073] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a placement plate 14 is provided above the sliding block 17, and a first trigger unit is provided at the bottom of the placement plate 14 for triggering the rotation of the placement plate 14 based on the movement of the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18. The first trigger unit includes an annular plate 28 fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement plate 14, and an elliptical tooth block 13 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular plate 28 along its circumference. The tooth block 13 can be located within the shifting gap, and both sides of the tooth block 13 can intermittently contact the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18 respectively.

[0074] Therefore, when the sliding block 17 moves to a certain position, the inclined surface of the first shift block 27 begins to contact one side of the tooth block 13. Due to the action of the inclined surface of the first shift block 27, as the sliding block 17 continues to move, the first shift block 27 will generate a gradually increasing force on the tooth block 13. This force is decomposed along the inclined surface of the tooth block 13, one of which pushes the tooth block 13 to move circumferentially along the annular disk 28. Because the tooth block 13 is fixed to the bottom of the annular disk 28, and the annular disk 28 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement disk 14, the movement of the tooth block 13 causes the annular disk 28 and the placement disk 14 to begin to rotate.

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, when the sliding block 17 moves to a certain position, the direction of movement of the transmission rod 9 changes, driving the sliding block 17 to move in the opposite direction. As a result, the position of the second shift block 18 will gradually approach the same tooth block 13, and the inclined surface of the second shift block 18 will begin to contact the other side of the tooth block 13. Due to the action of the inclined surface of the second shift block 18, the tooth block 13 is once again subjected to a force. This force is in a different direction than when the first shift block 27 was applied, and will continue to push the tooth block 13 to move, thereby driving the placement plate 14 to continue to rotate. The highest point of the inclined surface of the second shift block 18 is parallel to the lowest point of the inclined surface of the first shift block 27. This design allows the tooth block 13 to more smoothly transition from the action of the first shift block 27 to the action of the second shift block 18 when subjected to the force of the second shift block 18, reducing sudden force changes and ensuring the continuity and stability of the rotation of the placement plate 14.

[0076] Then, the driving member 7 rotates continuously, the turntable 8 performs circular motion continuously, the transmission rod 9 drives the sliding block 17 to perform reciprocating linear motion in the functional cavity 19, and the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18 contact the gear block 13 alternately, pushing the gear block 13 and the placement plate 14 to rotate continuously, thereby realizing fine adjustment of the rotation of the placement plate 14.

[0077] Furthermore, in order to stably place the grain samples and enable precise rotational movement to achieve precise detection, a detection portion for placing and detecting the samples is provided on the top of the placement tray 14. The detection portion includes a plurality of placement slots 15 provided on the top of the placement tray 14. The placement slots 15 are arranged circumferentially along the top of the placement tray 14. Through the design of the plurality of placement slots 15, multiple samples can be detected more efficiently and accurately at one time.

[0078] In particular, in order to ensure the precise alignment of the detection light source and the sample, e.g. Figure 1As shown, a lens unit 5 is provided above the placement plate 14, and the light source output port of the lens unit 5 is located above the toggle gap; when the placement slot 15 rotates with the rotation of the placement plate 14, the placement slot 15 moves in sequence to the bottom of the light source output port of the lens unit 5 for detection; thus, through the alternating push of the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18, combined with the bevel meshing design of the elliptical tooth block 13, the backlash error of the gear transmission is reduced, and the sample positioning accuracy is achieved.

[0079] In order to ensure the uniformity of rotation accuracy and sample detection volume and reduce the false opening and closing of the lens unit 5, the first dial block 27 and the second dial block 18 are respectively provided with a second trigger unit for recording the rotation number of the placement disk 14 and a third trigger unit for starting the detection part and assisting in recording the rotation number of the placement disk 14 on the side close to each other. The second trigger unit and the third trigger unit are both connected to the control unit signal; after the driving member 7 is started, the first dial block 27 and the second dial block 18 move in sequence, and the second trigger unit and the third trigger unit sequentially trigger the first trigger unit to complete the single counting and drive the placement disk 14 to step to the next detection position; when the third trigger unit is released, the control unit synchronously receives the conduction signal and immediately triggers the detection part to perform spectral data acquisition.

[0080] Finally, in order to ensure the stable rotation of the placement tray 14 and to fully detect batch samples, the bottom of the placement tray 14 is coaxially connected to a rotating rod 12, and the bottom end of the rotating rod 12 is fixedly connected to the top of the spectrometer body 1 by a thread. The supporting effect of the rotating rod 12 is used to increase the stability of sample detection. At the same time, when the particle detection component needs to be operated, it can be directly disassembled through the thread to perform the corresponding detection.

[0081] Example 2:

[0082] As attached Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the difference from the above embodiment is: in order to achieve accurate counting and sending of detection signals;

[0083] The counting content is:

[0084] The second trigger unit includes a pressure sensor, which is bolted and fixedly connected to the side of the first shift block 27 near the second shift block 18. The pressure sensor is connected to the control unit signal and is used to collect the pressure signal when the first shift block 27 contacts the tooth block 13. Therefore, when the sliding block 17 moves to a certain position, the first shift block 27 begins to contact the tooth block 13. When the first shift block 27 contacts the tooth block 13, pressure is generated. This pressure is transmitted to the pressure sensor, which converts the collected pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the control unit through a signal line. After receiving the signal from the pressure sensor, the control unit counts the number of rotations of the placement plate 14 and stores the count result in the memory. At this time, the placement plate 14 begins to rotate under the action of the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18, causing the next placement slot 15 to gradually move to the detection position below the light source output port of the lens unit 5.

[0085] The detection signal sent is:

[0086] like Figure 7 As shown, the third trigger unit includes a motion cavity 189 opened in the second shift block 18, a fixed block 185 is fixedly connected with a bolt in the motion cavity 189, a moving rod 186 is slidably connected to the fixed block 185, an extrusion block 187 is welded to the moving rod 186, the extrusion block 187 passes through the motion cavity 189 and can extend outside the motion cavity 189, and the part of the extrusion block 187 located outside the motion cavity 189 is arc-shaped; a slide plate 184 is welded to the other end of the moving rod 186, and a plurality of first springs 184 are welded to the side of the slide plate 184 away from the moving rod 186. 2. The other end of the first spring 182 is welded to the inner wall of the motion cavity 189; power contact blocks 183 are symmetrically welded on both sides of the slide 184, and the power contact blocks 183 are electrically connected to the positive circuit. The fixed block 185 and the inner wall of the motion cavity 189 near the slide 184 are respectively welded with normally closed contacts 188 and normally open contacts 181. The normally open contact 181 is electrically connected to the negative circuit. The power contact blocks 183 on both sides of the slide 184 can contact the normally closed contacts 188 and the normally open contacts 181 respectively; the control unit is signal-connected to both the positive and negative circuits;

[0087] As sliding block 17 continues to move, second shift block 18 drives the third trigger unit within it to move. When second shift block 18 reaches a specific position, the curved edge of squeeze block 187 outside of movement cavity 189 contacts one side of tooth block 13, exerting pressure on the curved edge of squeeze block 187, pushing squeeze block 187 into movement cavity 189. Squeezing block 187 drives moving rod 186, which in turn pushes slide plate 184 to slide within movement cavity 189. As slide plate 184 moves, first spring 182 is compressed. Simultaneously, the electrical contact blocks 183 on either side of slide plate 184 move with it.

[0088] Among them, in the initial position, the power contact block 183 maintains contact with the normally closed contact block 188, and the positive circuit and the negative circuit are in a disconnected state;

[0089] When the slide 184 moves to the preset position, the electrical contact 183 contacts and connects with the normally open contact 181, forming a closed loop between the positive and negative circuits and outputting a conduction signal to the control unit. After receiving the conduction signal, the control unit first records the rotation number of the placement plate 14 again (to ensure synchronization between the detection process and the rotation number recording), and then immediately sends a start signal to the detection unit.

[0090] After receiving the start signal from the control unit, the detection unit starts to detect the sample currently located in the placement slot 15 below the light source output port of the lens unit 5. At the same time, the control unit starts to record relevant information such as the detection time and detection data.

[0091] Example 3:

[0092] As attached Figure 6 、 Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the difference from the above embodiment is that since most of the grain samples used for testing are small and light in weight, when they are placed on the placement plate 14 for batch rotation testing, some smaller grain samples (such as wheat flakes) may stick to the wall due to the centrifugal movement generated by the rotation of the placement plate 14, thereby affecting the precise irradiation of the subsequent detection light source. Therefore, a sample chamber 20 is provided in the placement groove 15, and a plurality of second springs 21 are provided on both sides of the sample chamber 20, and the other ends of the second springs 21 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the placement groove 15; when the sample chamber 20 is in the initial state and stationary, the second springs 21 on both sides of the sample chamber 20 are in a natural state, which plays a certain role in fixing the sample.

[0093] In order to reduce the problem of grain samples sticking to the wall, a vibration cavity 26 is opened in each tooth block 13. Linkage rods 23 are slidably fitted on both sides of the vibration cavity 26 near the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18. The side of the linkage rod 23 away from the vibration cavity 26 passes through the vibration cavity 26 and extends to the outside of the vibration cavity 26 where a contact ball 24 is welded. The end of the linkage rod 23 located in the vibration cavity 26 is welded with a first wedge with a wedge surface facing the bottom of the placement slot 15.

[0094] The top of the vibration chamber 26 is symmetrically slidably fitted with a push rod 22. The top of the push rod 22 is located at the bottom of the sample chamber 20, and the bottom of the push rod 22 is located in the vibration chamber 26. The bottom of the push rod 22 is welded with a second wedge with a wedge surface facing the linkage rod 23. The push rod 22 and the corresponding linkage rod 23 are fitted through the wedge surfaces of the first wedge and the second wedge.

[0095] Therefore, when the sliding block 17 moves to a certain position, the first shift block 27 begins to contact the contact ball 24 on one side of the tooth block 13. The first shift block 27 applies pressure to the contact ball 24, pushing the linkage rod 23 to move laterally into the vibration chamber 26. The first wedge block on the linkage rod 23 then moves laterally. Since the first wedge block on the linkage rod 23 cooperates with the wedge surface of the second wedge block at the bottom of the push rod 22, when the linkage rod 23 moves into the vibration chamber 26, the first wedge block squeezes the second wedge block, causing the push rod 22 to slide upward in the vibration chamber 26. The top end of the push rod 22 moves upward, applying an upward force to the bottom of the sample chamber 20, causing the sample chamber 20 to vibrate upward. At the same time, the second springs 21 on both sides of the sample chamber 20 are compressed, causing elastic deformation.

[0096] At the same time, when the sliding block 17 continues to move, the first shift block 27 disengages from the contact ball 24. When the sliding block 17 continues to move to a specific position, the second shift block 18 begins to contact the contact ball 24 on the other side of the gear block 13. The second shift block 18 applies pressure to the contact ball 24, pushing the linkage rod 23 to move into the vibration chamber 26. The wedge surface cooperates to make the push rod 22 rise, exerting an upward force on the sample chamber 20, causing the sample chamber 20 to vibrate. The motion process is identical to that triggered by the first shift block 27, differing only in the timing and direction of action. The driver 7 rotates continuously, the turntable 8 performs continuous circular motion, and the transmission rod 9 drives the sliding block 17 to perform reciprocating linear motion within the functional chamber 19. The first and second shift blocks 27 and 18 sequentially contact the contact balls 24 on either side of the tooth block 13, continuously triggering vibration in the sample chamber 20. This allows the sample chamber 20 to be subjected to synchronous and alternating vertical thrusts from both sides (i.e., the left and right sides), thereby reducing the tendency of unidirectional vibration forces to aggravate sample adhesion. Consequently, the vibration forces in different directions drive samples in the sample chamber 20, regardless of their orientation, to return from their vertically attached position to a position parallel to the bottom of the sample chamber 20 under the thrust, thereby maximizing contact with the detection light source and reducing detection errors. Simultaneously, the thrust rod dynamically corrects the sample position through wedge surface force conversion, forming a closed loop of "mechanical transmission-vibration interference suppression-data optimization," comprehensively improving detection accuracy and stability.

[0097] Furthermore, to ensure stable operation of all components, a third spring 25 is fixedly connected to both the linkage rod 23 and the push rod 22. The third spring 25 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vibration chamber 26. Due to the elastic action of the third spring 25, the linkage rod 23 and the push rod 22 begin to reset. The linkage rod 23 moves out of the vibration chamber 26, and the push rod 22 slides downward inside the vibration chamber 26.

[0098] Embodiment 4:

[0099] As attached Figure 9As shown, the difference from the above embodiment is that a multifunctional grain detection method, based on the multifunctional grain detection device, includes the following steps:

[0100] S1, preparation before testing: pre-process the grain samples according to their morphology, dry and slice solid flake samples, filter and remove impurities from liquid samples, and grind and sieve granular samples before placing them in corresponding containers;

[0101] The drying temperature was set at 60 ± 2 °C and the slice thickness was 0.5 mm ± 0.05 mm to ensure uniform light transmission.

[0102] Liquid samples: Filter with a 0.45μm filter membrane to eliminate the scattering interference of suspended particles on the transmitted light;

[0103] Particle samples: After grinding, pass through an 80-mesh sieve. The particle size after screening is ≤180μm to ensure the consistency of the scattering spectrum.

[0104] S2, select detection mode: switch detection components based on the grain sample type through the control unit, where:

[0105] The solid sheet sample is triggered by the rotation detection component 4 to alternately trigger the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18 to push the placement plate 14 to rotate step by step. The pressure sensor and the circuit conduction dual signal are combined to synchronously record the rotation index and collect the diffuse reflectance spectrum;

[0106] Liquid samples are switched to the liquid detection component 2 for detection, particle samples are switched to the particle detection component, and non-out-of-tank samples are switched to the mobile detection component 3;

[0107] S3, Data Collection: Based on the control unit, multivariate scattering correction and partial least squares regression modeling are performed on the solid sample spectrum to calculate the component content. Principal component analysis is performed on the liquid data to extract characteristic wavelengths and establish a prediction model. Wavelet denoising is performed on the particle data and then combined with a support vector machine to identify foreign matter. Kriging interpolation is performed on the motion detection data to generate a three-dimensional distribution map.

[0108] S4, result output: Generate a comprehensive report containing component quantification, uniformity score and abnormality marking.

[0109] Example 5:

[0110] As attached Figure 8 As shown, the difference from the above embodiment is that in S2, the detection steps of the solid sheet sample are as follows:

[0111] S2-1, sample placement: placing the sheet-shaped grain samples in a plurality of sample chambers 20 in sequence;

[0112] S2-2, Rotation Detection: The driving member 7 is started to cause the turntable 8 to oscillate periodically. The transmission rod 9 and the sliding member are linked to drive the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18 to alternately push the gear block 13, causing the placement plate 14 to rotate at a preset angle of 15° per step.

[0113] S2-3, detection trigger:

[0114] When the first shift block 27 contacts the gear block 13, the pressure sensor records the contact pressure signal and triggers the control unit to record the rotation number index;

[0115] When the second shift block 18 contacts the tooth block 13, the extrusion block 187 is squeezed by the inclined surface of the tooth block 13, driving the slide 184 to compress the first spring 182, so that the power contact block 183 is connected to the normally open contact block 181, and a detection start pulse is sent to the control unit;

[0116] S2-4, vibration adjustment: During the rotation process, the first shift block 27 and the second shift block 18 periodically squeeze the contact ball 24, driving the push rod 22 to push the bottom of the sample chamber 20 laterally to offset the sample deviation caused by centrifugal force and ensure that the center of the sample is aligned with the optical path of the lens unit 5;

[0117] S2-5, data collection: The control unit responds to the detection start pulse, triggers the lens unit 5 to output the detection light source, and synchronously records the vibration frequency and amplitude of the push rod 22 in the vibration cavity 26, generates a vibration optimization coefficient, associates the spectral data with the vibration coefficient, and eliminates mechanical vibration noise through a dynamic baseline correction algorithm.

[0118] Among them, the dynamic baseline correction algorithm is implemented by extracting the 10-80 Hz noise frequency band related to mechanical motion and its energy distribution characteristics based on the vibration frequency and amplitude recorded by the push rod 22 in the vibration chamber 26, establishing a vibration intensity grading model (low intensity: 10-20 Hz / 0.1-0.3 mm; medium intensity: 30-50 Hz / 0.4-0.6 mm; high intensity: 60-80 Hz / 0.7-1.0 mm), performing adaptive multi-scale decomposition on the original spectral data, and performing weighted sliding average smoothing on the effective spectral interval. The weight coefficient is negatively correlated with the vibration optimization coefficient. Finally, the baseline correction parameters are adjusted in real time according to the vibration intensity grading model, the corrected spectral data are associated with the vibration feedback signal, and the anti-interference absorbance matrix is output.

[0119] Among them, the adaptive multi-scale decomposition is specifically as follows:

[0120] Under low-intensity vibration, wavelet packet decomposition is used to separate 15-18 Hz high-frequency noise from low-frequency effective signals;

[0121] Under medium-to-high-intensity vibration, the decomposition layer is expanded and integrated with empirical mode decomposition (EMD) to cover 32-78Hz broadband noise. After retaining the characteristic wavelength range of the target component, the noise reduction threshold is dynamically adjusted based on the linear relationship between vibration amplitude and noise energy.

[0122] In addition, the threshold for low amplitude (0.1-0.3mm) is -25dB, the medium amplitude (0.4-0.6mm) is adjusted to -18dB, and the high amplitude (0.7-1.0mm) is reduced to -15dB;

[0123] Secondly, perform non-uniform selective filtering on the noise frequency band:

[0124] Use IIR band-stop filter in the low frequency band of 10-20Hz;

[0125] An FIR adaptive notch filter is used in the 30-80Hz high frequency band, and the center frequency shifts in real time with the vibration component.

[0126] The specific experimental process is as follows:

[0127] 1. Collection Accuracy Experiment

[0128] Traditional method group: a gear-driven rotating detection device was used to manually trigger spectrum acquisition.

[0129] The present invention group: used the method and apparatus described in Example 5.

[0130] Evaluation indicators:

[0131] Positioning accuracy: The alignment error between the light source and the sample of the present invention is ≤0.1mm, while the error of the traditional group is ≥0.5mm.

[0132] Detection efficiency: 60 samples / hour for the invention group and ≤30 samples / hour for the traditional group.

[0133] Data accuracy: The prediction error of the PLSR model in the present invention group was ≤1.5%, and that in the traditional group was ≥3.0%.

[0134] Table 1 Measurement data

[0135] Experimental verification demonstrates that the present invention's rotation detection assembly and dynamic baseline correction algorithm effectively address sample positioning deviation, vibration interference, and data asynchrony issues encountered in traditional technologies. Experimental data demonstrates that the present invention significantly outperforms traditional methods in detection accuracy, efficiency, and stability, making it particularly well-suited for high-throughput, multi-modality sample testing required for food quality and safety monitoring.

[0136] 2. Robustness Verification Experiment of Dynamic Baseline Correction Algorithm

[0137] Experimental purpose: To verify the adaptability of the dynamic baseline correction algorithm under different vibration intensities (frequency, amplitude), analyze its effect on suppressing mechanical vibration noise, and prove the robustness of the algorithm.

[0138] Experimental conditions:

[0139] Vibration intensity parameters:

[0140] Low-intensity group: vibration frequency 10-20 Hz, amplitude 0.1-0.3 mm;

[0141] Medium intensity group: vibration frequency 30-50Hz, amplitude 0.4-0.6mm;

[0142] High-intensity group: vibration frequency 60-80 Hz, amplitude 0.7-1.0 mm.

[0143] Sample type: Wheat flakes (solid flake sample), actual moisture content: 12.3%.

[0144] Control group: traditional baseline correction method (fixed threshold filtering)

[0145] Experimental steps:

[0146] Vibration simulation: A vibration generator is used to apply mechanical vibrations of varying intensities to the rotation detection component to simulate the interference environment encountered during actual detection.

[0147] Data acquisition: Under each set of vibration intensities, uncorrected raw spectral data (including noise) and spectral data after dynamic baseline correction were collected.

[0148] Parameter recording: record the noise frequency band extracted by the algorithm, the noise reduction threshold adjustment amplitude, the vibration optimization coefficient and the final moisture content prediction error.

[0149] Experimental results:

[0150] Table 2 Comparison of algorithm performance under different vibration intensities:

[0151] Vibration intensity Noise frequency band (Hz) Noise reduction threshold (dB) Prediction error (%) Error of traditional method (%) Low intensity 15-18 -25 → -20 0.9% 2.8% Medium intensity 32-48 -30 → -18 1.2% 4.5% High strength 65-78 -35 → -15 1.5% 6.2%

[0152] Data Analysis:

[0153] Noise frequency band identification: In the low-intensity group, the algorithm accurately identified the main noise frequency band related to mechanical vibration (15-18Hz) and selectively filtered it. In the high-intensity group, the algorithm expanded the noise frequency band to 65-78Hz, covering a wider range of interference signals.

[0154] Dynamic threshold adjustment: When the vibration amplitude increases, the noise reduction threshold is dynamically adjusted from -35dB to -15dB to avoid over-filtering and loss of effective signal.

[0155] Comparison of prediction errors: The prediction errors of the proposed algorithm under different vibration intensities are all ≤1.5%, which is significantly lower than that of the traditional method (≥2.8%), verifying its anti-interference ability.

[0156] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely examples for clarity of explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation methods. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is not necessary and impossible to enumerate all implementation methods here. Obvious variations or modifications arising therefrom remain within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional grain detection device, comprising a spectrum body (1), on which multiple types of detection elements are provided, characterized in that: A rotating detection component (4) is provided above the multi-type detection element for placing solid sheet samples to perform multi-sample detection in a rotating manner; The rotation detection assembly (4) includes a supporting chassis (6), a functional cavity (19) is provided in the supporting chassis (6), a driving member (7) is fixedly connected in the functional cavity (19), a signal of the driving member (7) is connected to a control unit, an output shaft of the driving member (7) is coaxially fixedly connected to a turntable (8), a transmission rod (9) is eccentrically hinged to the turntable (8), a sliding fitting member for slidingly cooperating with the functional cavity (19) is hinged at the other end of the transmission rod (9), and a first shifting block (27) and a second shifting block (18) are fixedly connected to the top of the sliding fitting member; A placement plate (14) is provided above the sliding fitting, and a first trigger unit for triggering the rotation of the placement plate (14) based on the movement of the first shift block (27) and the second shift block (18) is provided at the bottom of the placement plate (14); a detection portion for placing and detecting a sample is provided at the top of the placement plate (14), and the detection portion includes a plurality of placement grooves (15) provided on the top of the placement plate (14), and the placement grooves (15) are arranged circumferentially along the top of the placement plate (14); A lens unit (5) is provided on the top of the movement detection component (3), and a light source output port of the lens unit (5) is located above the toggle gap; The first shift block (27) and the second shift block (18) are respectively provided with a second trigger unit for recording the rotation number of the placement disk (14) and a third trigger unit for starting the detection unit and assisting in recording the rotation number of the placement disk (14) on one side close to each other, and the second trigger unit and the third trigger unit are both connected to the control unit signal; wherein the third trigger unit includes a motion cavity (189) provided in the second shift block (18), a fixed block (185) is fixedly connected in the motion cavity (189), a moving rod (186) is slidably connected to the fixed block (185), an extrusion block (187) is fixedly connected to the moving rod (186), the extrusion block (187) extends outside the motion cavity (189), and the portion of the extrusion block (187) located outside the motion cavity (189) is arc-shaped; The other end of the moving rod (186) is fixedly connected to a slide plate (184), and a side of the slide plate (184) away from the moving rod (186) is fixedly connected to a plurality of first springs (182), and the other ends of the first springs (182) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the movement cavity (189); Both sides of the slide plate (184) are symmetrically provided with electric contact blocks (183), the electric contact blocks (183) are electrically connected to the positive line, the fixed block (185) and the inner wall of the movement cavity (189) are respectively provided with a normally closed contact block (188) and a normally open contact block (181) on one side close to the slide plate (184), the normally open contact block (181) is electrically connected to the negative line, and the electric contact blocks (183) on both sides of the slide plate (184) can contact the normally closed contact block (188) and the normally open contact block (181) respectively; the control unit is signal-connected to both the positive line and the negative line; After the driving member (7) is started, the sliding fitting member drives the first shift block (27) and the second shift block (18) to move in sequence, and the second trigger unit and the third trigger unit sequentially trigger the first trigger unit, completing a single count and driving the placement disk (14) to step to the next detection position; when the third trigger unit is released, the control unit synchronously receives the conduction signal and immediately triggers the detection unit to perform spectral data acquisition, wherein the conduction process is specifically as follows: When the slide plate (184) moves to a preset position, the electrical contact block (183) contacts and conducts with the normally open contact block (181), so that the positive and negative circuits form a closed loop and output a conduction signal to the control unit; When the slide plate (184) is in the initial position, the power contact block (183) is in contact with the normally closed contact block (188), and the positive and negative circuits are in an open circuit state; The bottom of the placement plate (14) is coaxially connected to a rotating rod (12), and the bottom end of the rotating rod (12) is fixedly connected to the top of the spectrum body (1); Furthermore, a sample chamber (20) is provided in each placement groove (15), and a plurality of second springs (21) are provided on both sides of the sample chamber (20), and the other ends of the second springs (21) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the placement groove (15); A vibration cavity (26) is provided in each tooth block (13), and linkage rods (23) are slidably fitted on both sides of the vibration cavity (26) near the first shift block (27) and the second shift block (18). The linkage rods (23) pass through the vibration cavity (26) on the side away from the vibration cavity (26) and extend to the outside of the vibration cavity (26) to be fixedly connected with a contact ball (24). One end of the linkage rod (23) located in the vibration cavity (26) is provided with a first wedge block with a wedge surface facing the bottom of the placement groove (15); The top of the vibration chamber (26) is symmetrically slidably fitted with a push rod (22), the top of the push rod (22) is located at the bottom of the sample chamber (20), the bottom of the push rod (22) is located in the vibration chamber (26), and the bottom of the push rod (22) is provided with a second wedge with a wedge surface facing the linkage rod (23), and the push rod (22) and the corresponding linkage rod (23) are fitted through the wedge surface of the first wedge and the second wedge; The linkage rod (23) and the push rod (22) are both fixedly connected to a third spring (25), and the third spring (25) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the vibration chamber (26).

2. The multifunctional grain detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sliding fitting comprises a sliding block (17) located in the functional cavity (19), and a notch (16) is formed on the top of the functional cavity (19), the sliding block (17) can be moved to the notch (16), and the first shifting block (27) and the second shifting block (18) are both fixedly connected to the top of the sliding block (17) and extend through the notch (16) to the outside of the functional cavity (19); A shifting gap is provided between the first shifting block (27) and the second shifting block (18), and both the first shifting block (27) and the second shifting block (18) are inverted right-angled trapezoidal bodies with inclined surfaces close to each other, and the upper bottom wall of the first shifting block (27) and the lower bottom wall of the second shifting block (18) are located on the same horizontal plane.

3. The multifunctional grain detection device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first trigger unit comprises an annular disk (28) fixedly connected to the bottom of the placement disk (14); an elliptical tooth block (13) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular disk (28) along its circumference; the tooth block (13) can be located within the shifting gap, and both sides of the tooth block (13) can intermittently contact the first shift block (27) and the second shift block (18), respectively.

4. The multifunctional grain detection device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second triggering unit includes a pressure sensor, which is connected to the control unit by signal.

5. A multifunctional grain detection method, based on the multifunctional grain detection device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, preparation before testing: pre-process the grain sample according to its morphology, dry and slice the solid flake sample and place it in the corresponding container; S2, select detection mode: switch detection components based on the grain sample type through the control unit, where: The solid sheet sample is triggered by the rotating detection component (4) to alternately push the placement plate (14) to rotate step by step, and the pressure sensor and the circuit conduction dual signal are combined to synchronously record the rotation number index and collect the diffuse reflectance spectrum; Liquid and particulate samples are switched to multiple types of test pieces for testing; S3, data collection: classify and collect the detection data of each sample based on the control unit; S4, result output: Generate a comprehensive report containing component quantification, uniformity score and abnormality marking.

6. The multifunctional grain detection method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S2, the specific detection steps for solid sheet samples are as follows: S2-1, sample placement: placing the sheet-shaped grain samples in a number of sample chambers (20) in sequence; S2-2, rotation detection: starting the driving member (7) to drive the turntable (8) to swing periodically, and through the linkage between the transmission rod (9) and the sliding fitting, driving the first shift block (27) and the second shift block (18) to alternately push the gear block (13), so that the placement plate (14) rotates at a preset angle; S2-3, detection trigger: When the first shift block (27) contacts the tooth block (13), the pressure sensor records a contact pressure signal and triggers the control unit to record a rotation number index; When the second shift block (18) contacts the tooth block (13), the extrusion block (187) is squeezed by the inclined surface of the tooth block (13), driving the slide plate (184) to compress the first spring (182), so that the power contact block (183) and the normally open contact block (181) are connected, and a detection start pulse is sent to the control unit; S2-4, vibration adjustment: during the rotation process, the first shift block (27) and the second shift block (18) periodically squeeze the contact ball (24), driving the push rod (22) to push the bottom of the sample chamber (20) laterally to offset the sample deviation caused by centrifugal force and ensure that the center of the sample is aligned with the optical path of the lens unit (5); S2-5, data collection: the control unit responds to the detection start pulse, triggers the lens unit (5) to output the detection light source, and synchronously records the vibration frequency and amplitude of the push rod (22) in the vibration cavity (26), generates a vibration optimization coefficient, associates the spectral data with the vibration coefficient, and eliminates mechanical vibration noise through a dynamic baseline correction algorithm.

7. The multifunctional grain detection method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The implementation of the dynamic baseline correction algorithm in S2-5 is as follows: based on the vibration frequency and amplitude recorded by the push rod (22) in the vibration chamber (26), the 10-80 Hz noise frequency band related to mechanical motion and its energy distribution characteristics are extracted, a vibration intensity classification model is established, the original spectral data is adaptively decomposed at multiple scales, and the effective spectral interval is smoothed by weighted sliding average. The weight coefficient is negatively correlated with the vibration optimization coefficient. Finally, the baseline correction parameters are adjusted in real time according to the vibration intensity classification model, the corrected spectral data are associated with the vibration feedback signal, and an anti-interference absorbance matrix is output.

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