Multifunctional fertilizer throwing device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a multifunctional fertilizer throwing device which comprises a rack, a discharging mechanism and a throwing mechanism, the discharging mechanism is fixed through the rack and comprises a fertilizer hopper, a discharging opening is formed in the bottom of the fertilizer hopper, and the throwing mechanism is arranged in the discharging opening. A discharging opening is formed in the rack, a material guiding mechanism used for controlling constant-speed discharging of fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper is arranged in the discharging opening, a throwing mechanism is arranged on the rack and located under the discharging mechanism, the throwing mechanism is composed of a throwing disc and a material blocking guide disc, and the material blocking guide disc is directly fixed to the rack. Through a cooperative structure of the throwing disc and the material blocking guide disc, such as a movable material plate, a guide plate and a sliding groove, fertilizer is effectively prevented from being clamped into a gap, the movable material plate automatically turns over under the action of the guide plate to form a material blocking space, the fertilizer is prevented from being thrown backwards, meanwhile, the centrifugal force adjusting function of a balance weight ball ensures that the edge of the throwing disc is dynamically warped up, and the fertilizer throwing effect is improved. The throwing range is expanded, excessive throwing is avoided, and the fertilization uniformity is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular to a multifunctional fertilizer spreading device. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural production, the land is cultivated in multiple crops all year round, and nutrients will be gradually consumed. Fertilizer is a nutrient that improves soil fertility and meets the needs of crop growth. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the normal growth of crops through tillage and fertilization. In the past, when agricultural machinery was backward, people usually spread fertilizers on the fields manually. However, with the transformation of land intensive management and large-scale planting production and management methods, and the continuous development of mechanized equipment and production technology, in order to improve the uniformity and work efficiency of fertilization, more and more farmers choose mechanical equipment instead of manual labor to carry out field fertilization and other tasks.

[0003] The accuracy and efficiency of fertilizer spreading devices directly affect the fertilization effect and resource utilization. Existing fertilizer spreading devices mainly include the following types: simple mechanical spreading devices: fertilizer is spread into the field through a mechanical structure; pneumatic spreading devices: fertilizer is blown into the field using airflow; rotary spreading devices: fertilizer is spread centrifugally through a rotating spreading disc. The existing fertilizer spreading devices can basically meet the fertilization needs, but the following problems still exist and affect the working effect: during the spreading process of the existing devices, the fertilizer is unevenly distributed due to the uneven distribution of centrifugal force, which is prone to local over- or under-fertilization, affecting the fertilization effect; the fertilizer spreading direction and range cannot be accurately controlled, which easily causes uneven distribution of fertilizer in the field and affects the absorption of fertilizer nutrients by crops; when spreading at high speed, the stability of the device is insufficient, and problems such as jamming and vibration may occur, affecting the service life; for different types of fertilizers and different field conditions, the adaptability of the existing devices is insufficient and cannot meet diversified needs; in addition, the traditional spreading device can only be used for the application of a single fertilizer, and is insufficient in the combined application of more than two fertilizers, affecting the fertilization efficiency.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a multifunctional fertilizer spreading device that can solve the above problems, so as to improve fertilization accuracy, improve operation efficiency and enhance equipment adaptability. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects and problems, the present invention provides a multifunctional fertilizer spreading device, which aims to improve the uniformity, accuracy and efficiency of fertilizer spreading. Through the coordinated structure of the spreading disc and the material blocking guide disc, the fertilizer can be effectively prevented from getting stuck in the gap. The movable material plate automatically flips over under the action of the guide plate to form a material blocking space, preventing the fertilizer from being scattered backwards. At the same time, the automatic mixing of the two fertilizers can also be achieved at the feeding port. At the same time, the centrifugal force adjustment function of the counterweight ball ensures that the edge of the spreading disc is dynamically tilted, which not only expands the spreading range but also avoids excessive spreading, thereby significantly improving the uniformity of fertilization.

[0006] The solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is: a multifunctional fertilizer spreading device, comprising a frame, a feeding mechanism and a spreading mechanism, the feeding mechanism is fixed by the frame, the feeding mechanism comprises a fertilizer hopper, a feeding port is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer hopper, a material guide mechanism for controlling the constant speed feeding of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper is arranged in the feeding port, a spreading mechanism is arranged on the frame directly below the feeding mechanism, the spreading mechanism consists of a spreading disc and a material blocking guide disc, the material blocking guide disc is directly fixed on the frame, the spreading disc is rotatably mounted on the material blocking guide disc, and is driven to rotate by a rotating mechanism; The material blocking guide plate includes a bottom guide plate and a rear baffle, the bottom guide plate is horizontally fixed at the bottom of the frame, the rear baffle is vertically welded and fixed on the bottom guide plate and is located on one side of the frame, the spreading plate includes a central material plate rotatably mounted above the bottom guide plate, a plurality of material dividing partitions are evenly welded and fixed around the center on the upper surface of the central material plate, a concave step portion is provided on the outer edge of the central material plate and located between two adjacent material dividing partitions, a movable material plate is rotatably installed in the concave step portion, guide plates are provided on both sides of the rear baffle, the guide plates are used to guide the movable material plate to flip upwards, when the movable material plate is flipped upwards, the movable material plate and the two adjacent material dividing partitions enclose the central material plate to form a material blocking space.

[0007] Furthermore, a small wheel is installed under the movable material plate, and the small wheel is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom guide plate. A sliding groove matching the small wheel is opened on the rear baffle plate. After the movable material plate is flipped into the rear baffle area under the guidance of the guide plate, the corresponding small wheel can slide into the sliding groove.

[0008] Furthermore, a counterweight ball is fixed under each movable material plate through a mounting rod. When the spreading plate rotates at high speed, the centrifugal force of the movable material plate becomes larger due to the counterweight effect of the counterweight ball. At this time, the movable material plate will flip inward, and the edge of the spreading plate will be tilted inward.

[0009] Furthermore, the material guiding mechanism includes a material guiding shaft rotatably mounted in the material discharge port, a plurality of material guiding plates are evenly arranged circumferentially around the material guiding shaft, and the material guiding plates are matched and arranged in the material discharge port, and a power mechanism for controlling the rotation of the material guiding shaft is arranged on the frame.

[0010] Furthermore, the rotating mechanism includes a transmission shaft horizontally rotatingly mounted on the frame, a main bevel gear fixedly mounted on one end of the transmission shaft, a central rotating shaft vertically rotatingly mounted on the center of the central material tray, the bottom of the central rotating shaft is installed at the center of the bottom guide plate through an axle seat, and a slave bevel gear is fixedly mounted on the central rotating shaft, and the slave bevel gear and the main bevel gear are meshed.

[0011] Furthermore, the power mechanism is an engine mounted on a frame, and the output end of the engine is connected to two transmissions, wherein the output shaft of one transmission is connected to the material guide shaft to drive the material guide mechanism to rotate and guide the material, and the output shaft of the other transmission is connected to the transmission shaft to drive the rotating mechanism to operate.

[0012] Furthermore, a plurality of longitudinal slots are symmetrically provided on the inner walls on both sides of the fertilizer hopper, and a movable partition is mounted in the fertilizer hopper through the slots, and the movable partition is used to separate the space in the fertilizer hopper.

[0013] Furthermore, a socket is provided on the side wall of the fertilizer hopper above the discharge port, and a movable plug plate is inserted in the socket, and the movable plug plate is used to block or open the discharge port.

[0014] Furthermore, the movable material plate is rotatably sleeved in the concave step portion at a position close to the step edge through a pin shaft, and the movable material plate can only be flipped upward or reset horizontally.

[0015] Beneficial effects of the present invention: Precise spreading and anti-stuck material design: The coordinated structure of the spreading disc and the material blocking guide disc, such as the movable material plate, guide plate and chute, effectively prevents fertilizer from getting stuck in the gap. The movable material plate automatically flips under the action of the guide plate to form a material blocking space to prevent the fertilizer from being thrown backwards. At the same time, the centrifugal force adjustment function of the weighted ball ensures that the edge of the spreading disc is dynamically tilted, which not only expands the spreading range but also avoids excessive spreading, significantly improving the uniformity of fertilization. Constant speed and quantitative feeding control: The feeding mechanism adopts the design of feeding shaft and paddle, combined with the speed control of the power mechanism, to achieve precise control of fertilizer feeding speed, ensure that the amount of fertilizer applied matches the needs of the farmland, and reduce waste; the dual-transmission power mechanism synchronously drives feeding and spreading, realizes the coordinated control of device start and stop and speed adjustment, is easy to operate and optimizes energy consumption; Multi-fertilizer compatibility and flexible adjustment: The fertilizer hopper is equipped with movable partitions and slots to support the separate storage or mixed use of different fertilizers. Users can flexibly allocate fertilizer space by adjusting the position of the partitions. At the same time, the automatic mixing of two fertilizers can be achieved at the feeding port to meet the diversified fertilization needs according to the soil texture and basic fertilizer conditions; Enhanced structural stability: The small wheels at the bottom of the movable material plate cooperate with the slideway to provide auxiliary support during high-speed rotation, reduce vibration and wear, and extend the life of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the material unloading mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the overall coordination structure of the throwing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the throwing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the throwing mechanism of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the throwing plate of the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the throwing plate of the present invention from another perspective; Fig. 9 It is a structural diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0017] In the figure: 1. frame; 2. material discharge mechanism; 21. fertilizer hopper; 22. material discharge port; 23. card slot; 24. movable partition; 25. material guide mechanism; 251. material guide shaft; 252. material guide plate; 26. socket; 27. movable plug plate; 3. power mechanism; 4. spreading plate; 41. center material plate; 42. material dividing partition; 43. concave step; 44. movable material plate; 45. small wheel; 46. center rotating shaft; 48. mounting rod; 49. counterweight ball; 5. material blocking guide plate; 51. bottom guide plate; 52. rear baffle; 53. guide plate; 54. slide; 6. rotating mechanism; 61. transmission shaft; 62. main bevel gear; 63. slave bevel gear. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0019] See also Figure 1-9 The present invention provides a technical solution of a multifunctional fertilizer spreading device: Example

[0020] according to Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a multifunctional fertilizer spreading device comprises a frame 1, a feeding mechanism 2 and a spreading mechanism. The feeding mechanism 2 is fixed by the frame 1, and is used for storing fertilizer and controlling the feeding of fertilizer at a constant speed and quantity. A spreading mechanism is arranged on the frame 1 directly below the feeding mechanism 2. The fertilizer dropped by the feeding mechanism 2 is evenly spread outward by the spreading mechanism to achieve uniform fertilization in the field. A mounting frame is fixed in front of the frame 1. In actual application, the entire fertilizer spreading device is suspended and fixed in front of a traction mechanism such as a tractor through the mounting frame, and follows the traction mechanism to move forward in the field to fertilize.

[0021] like Figure 3As shown, the feeding mechanism 2 includes a fertilizer hopper 21, which is fixed by the frame 1. A feeding port 22 is provided at the bottom of the fertilizer hopper 21, and a socket 26 is provided on the side wall of the fertilizer hopper 21 above the feeding port 22. The socket 26 is used to insert a movable plug plate 27. The feeding port 22 can be blocked or opened by the movable plug plate 27. When the feeding port 22 is opened, the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 21 can freely fall through the feeding port 22 to the spreading mechanism and be spread outward. A material guiding mechanism 25 for controlling the constant speed feeding of the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 21 is also provided in the feeding port 22; the material guiding mechanism 25 includes A guide shaft 251 is rotatably mounted in the discharge port 22, and a plurality of guide plates 252 are evenly arranged circumferentially around the guide shaft 251, and the guide plates 252 are matched and arranged in the discharge port 22, and a power mechanism 3 for controlling the rotation of the guide shaft 251 is arranged on the frame 1. By driving the guide shaft 251 to rotate, the quantitative discharge of fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 21 can be controlled under the rotation and material shifting action of the guide plates 252. In actual application, the speed of fertilizer discharge can also be adjusted by controlling the rotation speed of the guide mechanism 25, and then the speed and amount of fertilization can be controlled in cooperation with the spreading mechanism.

[0022] The spreading mechanism consists of a spreading disc 4 and a material blocking guide disc 5. The material blocking guide disc 5 is directly fixed on the frame 1. The spreading disc 4 is rotatably mounted on the material blocking guide disc 5 and driven to rotate by a rotating mechanism 6. The spreading disc 4 is used to centrifugally scatter the fertilizer dropped from the feeding mechanism 2 to the field to realize automatic fertilization. The material blocking guide disc 5 provides auxiliary support for the high-speed rotation of the spreading disc 4 and resists the fertilizer scattered by the spreading disc 4 toward the frame 1. Specifically, the material-blocking guide plate 5 includes a bottom guide plate 51 and a rear baffle plate 52. The bottom guide plate 51 is directly and horizontally fixed to the bottom of the frame 1. The rear baffle plate 52 is vertically welded and fixed to the bottom guide plate 51 and is located on one side of the frame 1. The spreading plate 4 includes a central material plate 41 rotatably mounted above the bottom guide plate 51. A plurality of material dividing baffles 42 are uniformly welded and fixed around the center of the upper surface of the central material plate 41. The central material plate 41 and the material dividing baffles 42 form a complete spreading material plate. A central rotating shaft 46 is vertically and rotatably mounted at the center of the central material plate 41. The bottom of the central rotating shaft 46 is mounted at the center of the bottom guide plate 51 through an axle seat, and the central material plate 41 The center of the bottom guide plate 51 is located directly below the unloading mechanism 2. The center material plate 41 can rotate at high speed on the bottom guide plate 51. The power mechanism 3 and the rotating mechanism 6 drive the center shaft 46 and the center material plate 41 to rotate at high speed. The scattering plate scatters the fertilizer evenly through centrifugal force. When the fertilizer scattered on the scattering plate splashes in the direction of the frame 1, the fertilizer scattered in the direction of the frame 1 can be blocked by the rear baffle 52, so that the fertilizer cannot be scattered in the direction of the frame 1 behind the device, and can only be stored on the scattering plate and scattered to the field in the front, thereby realizing the precise spreading operation of the fertilizer and improving the accuracy of fertilizer spreading.

[0023] The rotating mechanism 6 includes a transmission shaft 61 which is horizontally rotated and sleeved on the frame 1, a main bevel gear 62 is fixedly sleeved on one end of the transmission shaft 61, and a slave bevel gear 63 is fixedly sleeved on the central rotating shaft 46, and the slave bevel gear 63 and the main bevel gear 62 are meshed. The transmission shaft 61 can be directly driven by a motor or a diesel engine, and can also be driven by the power mechanism 3, so as to realize the simultaneous starting and stopping of the material guiding mechanism 25 and the spreading plate 4.

[0024] In order to enable the spreading disc 4 to rotate smoothly on the material blocking guide disc 5, some gap needs to be reserved between the central material disc 41 and the rear baffle 52 for the spreading disc 4 to rotate smoothly at high speed. However, although the rear baffle 52 can prevent the fertilizer from splashing toward the frame 1, it cannot prevent the fertilizer from being stuck in the gap between the central material disc 41 and the rear baffle 52. When the fertilizer is stuck in the gap, the rotation of the spreading disc 4 may be jammed, affecting the uniform and rapid spreading of the fertilizer.

[0025] To solve this problem, Figure 5-7 As shown, a downwardly recessed concave step portion 43 is provided on the outer edge of the central feed tray 41 between two adjacent material dividing partitions 42, and a movable feed plate 44 is rotatably installed in the concave step portion 43. The movable feed plate 44 is rotatably sleeved in the concave step portion 43 at a position close to the edge of the step through a pin, and due to the resistance of the bottom surface of the concave step portion 43, the movable feed plate 44 can only be flipped upward or reset to a horizontal position. When the movable feed plate 44 is flipped upward, the movable feed plate 44 and the two adjacent material dividing partitions 42 form a material blocking space on the central feed tray 41. At this time, the movable feed plate 44 is in a material blocking state, so that the fertilizer cannot be thrown outward; in order to realize the normal spreading of the movable feed plate 44 in front of the spreading plate 4, the material blocking in the direction of the frame 1 is The movable material plate 44 is a material-scattering state, and the fertilizer can be easily scattered in the field by the movable material plate 44.

[0026] In order to further improve the stability of the spreading disc 4 when it rotates at high speed, a small wheel 45 is installed under each movable material plate 44, and the small wheel 45 is in contact with the upper surface of the bottom guide plate 51. When the spreading disc 4 rotates at high speed, the small wheel 45 can rotate on the surface of the bottom guide plate 51 to provide auxiliary support, and a slide groove 54 matching the small wheel 45 is also provided on the rear baffle 52. When the movable material plate 44 is flipped into the area of ​​the rear baffle 52 under the guidance of the guide plate 53, the small wheel 45 on the movable material plate 44 at the corresponding position can slide into the slide groove 54, and follow the rotation of the movable material plate 44 to stably slide on the rear baffle 52, thereby improving the stability of the spreading disc 4 when it rotates at high speed.

[0027] The power mechanism 3 is a double-shaft engine installed on the frame 1, and the output end of the engine is connected to two transmissions, the output shaft of one transmission is connected to the material guide shaft 251, driving the material guide mechanism 25 to rotate and guide the material, and the output shaft of the other transmission is connected to the transmission shaft 61, driving the rotation mechanism 6 to operate. When the device is running, the power mechanism 3 drives the material guide mechanism 25 to rotate and guide the material, and synchronously drives the throwing disc 4 to rotate at a high speed to spread the material. When the device stops running, the material guide mechanism 25 and the throwing disc 4 can also stop synchronously, thereby realizing simple control of the device, and the rotation speed of the material guide mechanism 25 and the throwing disc 4 can also be regulated by the transmission to change the working speed of the device, and realize low-speed rotation or high-speed rotation to spread the material.

[0028] When used specifically, the multifunctional fertilizer spreading device of the present invention is firstly hung and fixed on the traction mechanism by a mounting frame and moved in the field, and the fertilizer to be applied is placed in the fertilizer hopper 21, and the movable plug plate 27 is pulled out to open the feed opening 22, and then the spreading device is controlled to operate by the power mechanism 3, the power mechanism 3 controls the material guide shaft 251 to rotate, and the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper 21 is guided downward at a constant speed and quantity under the guidance of the material guide plate 252 and falls freely on the spreading disc 4, and at the same time, the power mechanism 3 controls the transmission shaft 61 to rotate, and the main bevel gear 62 and the slave bevel gear 63 are meshed, so that the spreading disc 4 is driven to rotate at a high speed and falls on the spreading disc 4. The fertilizer on the spreading plate 4 is centrifugally thrown outward by the high-speed rotation of the spreading plate 4 and automatically falls on the field for fertilization. When the movable material plate 44 on the spreading plate 4 rotates to the front of the device facing the farmland, the movable material plate 44 is in a horizontal state and cooperates with the central material plate 41 to smoothly complete the fertilizer spreading work. When the movable material plate 44 rotates to the direction of the frame 1, the movable material plate 44 can be flipped into the range of the guide plate 53 and the rear baffle 52 through the guidance of the guide plate 53. Through the resistance of the movable material plate 44, the fertilizer cannot be scattered in the direction of the frame 1, and can only be scattered in the direction of the farmland in front, thereby realizing the automatic and precise spreading of fertilizer. Example

[0029] Based on the first embodiment, the same points as the first embodiment will not be repeated here, and the differences are as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, a mounting rod 48 is installed below each movable material plate 44, and a counterweight ball 49 is fixed to the bottom of the mounting rod 48. The mounting rod 48 can be set to a telescopic rod structure and a locking screw is used to fix its length.

[0030] In specific use, the present invention is a multifunctional fertilizer spreading device. Under the same conditions, the greater the gravity of the object, the greater the centrifugal force generated. When the spreading disc 4 rotates at a high speed, due to the weighting effect of the weighted ball 49, the movable material plate 44 will generate a greater centrifugal force. At this time, the movable material plate 44 will generate Fig. 9 As shown in the change, the movable material plate 44 will flip inward, thereby tilting the edge of the spreading plate 4 inward, so that the fertilizer on the spreading plate 4 can be scattered higher and farther through the guidance of the movable material plate 44, and the certain blocking effect produced when the movable material plate 44 is tilted can also prevent the spreading plate 4 from rotating at a high speed and directly throwing out a large amount of fertilizer, resulting in excessive fertilizer spreading, thereby improving the accuracy and uniformity of fertilizer spreading. Example

[0031] Based on the first embodiment, the same points as the first embodiment will not be repeated here, and the differences are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, multiple longitudinal slots 23 are symmetrically provided on the inner walls of both sides of the fertilizer hopper 21, and a movable partition 24 can be mounted in the fertilizer hopper 21 through the slots 23. The movable partition 24 is used to separate the space in the fertilizer hopper 21, so that different fertilizers can be stored in the fertilizer hopper 21 at the same time, and different fertilizers can be automatically mixed, and evenly scattered through the discharge port 22 and the spreading mechanism, and the movable partition 24 can also be mounted at different positions in the fertilizer hopper 21 to achieve space distribution adjustment in the fertilizer hopper 21, and the movable partition can also be removed to evenly spread a single fertilizer, which has the characteristics of fast fertilization speed and high efficiency, so that the device can flexibly adjust the amount of different fertilizers to be scattered according to the field fertilization needs. Compared with other fertilization devices, this device has the multifunctional characteristics of automatic mixing of multiple fertilizers and single fertilizer spreading, which is suitable for the application of crop base fertilizer before tillage, and improves the fertilization efficiency and uniformity.

[0032] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device, comprising a frame (1), a feeding mechanism (2) and a spreading mechanism, characterized in that: The feeding mechanism (2) is fixed by the frame (1), the feeding mechanism (2) comprises a fertilizer hopper (21), a feeding port (22) is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer hopper (21), a material guide mechanism (25) for controlling the constant speed feeding of fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper (21) is arranged in the feeding port (22), a spreading mechanism is arranged on the frame (1) directly below the feeding mechanism (2), the spreading mechanism comprises a spreading disc (4) and a material blocking guide disc (5), the material blocking guide disc (5) is directly fixed on the frame (1), the spreading disc (4) is rotatably mounted on the material blocking guide disc (5), and is driven to rotate by a rotating mechanism (6); The material blocking guide plate (5) comprises a bottom guide plate (51) and a rear baffle plate (52), wherein the bottom guide plate (51) is horizontally fixed to the bottom of the frame (1), and the rear baffle plate (52) is vertically welded and fixed to the bottom guide plate (51) and is located on one side of the frame (1). The spreading plate (4) comprises a central material plate (41) rotatably mounted above the bottom guide plate (51), wherein a plurality of material dividing partition plates (42) are uniformly welded and fixed around the center on the upper surface of the central material plate (41). The outer edge of the rear baffle (52) is provided with a concave step portion (43) between two adjacent material dividing baffles (42), a movable material plate (44) is rotatably mounted in the concave step portion (43), and guide plates (53) are provided on both sides of the rear baffle (52), the guide plates (53) are used to guide the movable material plate (44) to flip upwards, and when the movable material plate (44) flips upwards, the movable material plate (44) and the two adjacent material dividing baffles (42) enclose a material blocking space on the central material tray (41).

2. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A small wheel (45) is installed below the movable material plate (44), and the small wheel (45) contacts the upper surface of the bottom guide plate (51). A slide groove (54) matching the small wheel (45) is provided on the rear baffle plate (52). After the movable material plate (44) is turned over by the guide plate (53) and enters the area of ​​the rear baffle plate (52), the corresponding small wheel (45) can slide into the slide groove (54).

3. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A counterweight ball (49) is fixedly mounted below each movable material plate (44) via a mounting rod (48). When the scattering disc (4) rotates at a high speed, the centrifugal force of the movable material plate (44) increases due to the counterweight effect of the counterweight ball (49). At this time, the movable material plate (44) turns inward, causing the edge of the scattering disc (4) to tilt inward.

4. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material guiding mechanism (25) comprises a material guiding shaft (251) rotatably mounted in a material discharge port (22), a plurality of material guiding plates (252) are evenly arranged circumferentially around the material guiding shaft (251), and the material guiding plates (252) are matched and arranged in the material discharge port (22), and a power mechanism (3) for controlling the rotation of the material guiding shaft (251) is arranged on the frame (1).

5. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotating mechanism (6) comprises a transmission shaft (61) which is horizontally rotatably sleeved on the frame (1); a main bevel gear (62) is fixedly sleeved on one end of the transmission shaft (61); a central rotating shaft (46) is vertically rotatably sleeved on the center of the central material tray (41); the bottom of the central rotating shaft (46) is mounted on the center of the bottom guide plate (51) through a shaft seat; a slave bevel gear (63) is fixedly sleeved on the central rotating shaft (46), and the slave bevel gear (63) is meshed with the main bevel gear (62).

6. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The power mechanism (3) is an engine mounted on the frame (1), and the output end of the engine is connected to two transmissions, wherein the output shaft of one transmission is connected to the material guide shaft (251) to drive the material guide mechanism (25) to rotate and guide the material, and the output shaft of the other transmission is connected to the transmission shaft (61) to drive the rotation mechanism (6) to operate.

7. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner walls on both sides of the fertilizer hopper (21) are symmetrically provided with a plurality of longitudinal slots (23), and a movable partition (24) is mounted in the fertilizer hopper (21) via the slots (23), and the movable partition (24) is used to separate the space in the fertilizer hopper (21).

8. A multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 4 or 7, characterized in that: A socket (26) is provided on the side wall of the fertilizer hopper (21) above the discharge opening (22), and a movable plug plate (27) is inserted into the socket (26). The movable plug plate (27) is used to block or open the discharge opening (22).

9. The multifunctional fertilizer spreading device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable material plate (44) is rotatably sleeved in the concave step portion (43) at a position close to the step edge by means of a pin shaft, and the movable material plate (44) can only be turned upward or reset horizontally.

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