Cultivation method for promoting insect resistance and yield increase of tobacco through adjacent cropping of wormwood

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for promoting insect resistance and yield increase of tobacco through adjacent cropping of wormwood, and relates to the technical field of crop pest control. The method comprises the following steps: applying a base fertilizer in a row in to-be-cultivated soil, ploughing and ridging, transplanting cultivated wormwood seedlings and flue-cured tobacco seedlings in an adjacent cropping manner, after the wormwood seedlings are transplanted, watering rooting water for 1-2 times according to the soil moisture content, when the heights of the seedlings are 8-10cm, performing final singling according to the plant spacing of 25-35cm, and reserving one strong seedling in each hole; after the tobacco seedlings survive, timely uncovering the film, intertilling, weeding and ridging, timely topping and stubble wiping in the later period, reserving 20-24 effective leaves on tobacco plants, starting to harvest the tobacco leaves in the middle ten days of July, harvesting once every 10 days, and baking for 10 days; after the tobacco leaves are harvested, the tobacco stalks are removed, and the wormwood is harvested in early September. The method effectively reduces the harm rate of pests with chewing mouthparts to tobacco plants, increases the population number of natural enemies of myzus persicae to control the number of pests such as myzus persicae and bemisia tabaci, improves the yield, quality and safety of tobacco leaves, is environment-friendly, and is beneficial to continuously improving the ecological system of a tobacco field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop pest control, and in particular to a cultivation method for promoting tobacco pest resistance and yield increase by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is an important economic crop in my country, and its planting and production are of great significance to the agricultural economy. However, tobacco planting is often threatened by various pests and diseases, such as tobacco aphids, whiteflies and other pests. Tobacco aphids are one of the more serious pests in tobacco planting. Tobacco aphids directly harm tobacco by sucking tobacco sap with piercing-sucking mouthparts or indirectly harm by spreading various tobacco virus diseases. They have great harm to tobacco yield and quality, and may even cause tobacco leaf failure, causing heavy losses to tobacco farmers.

[0003] In order to prevent and control pests and increase tobacco production, traditional prevention and control methods use a large amount of chemical pesticides. Although chemical pesticides have fast and efficient prevention and control effects, they will pollute the environment and destroy the ecological balance. Long-term use of chemical pesticides will make pests resistant to them, forming a vicious circle.

[0004] Pest ecological regulation is a new theory and method for pest management, which can protect the ecological environment while achieving effective control of pests. Mugwort is a plant of the genus Artemisia in the Asteraceae family. Mugwort is a perennial herb or slightly semi-shrub. The plant has a strong aroma and has a repellent effect on some pests such as aphids and mites. Mugwort is easy to grow and can adapt to a variety of environments. It has significant application potential for ecological regulation of pests. However, there is currently no existing technology for the application of mugwort in tobacco pest control. How to achieve ecological regulation of tobacco pests through mugwort and improve tobacco production output and quality is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0005] In response to the above problems, the present invention provides a cultivation method for promoting tobacco insect resistance and increased yield by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco. By planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco, natural enemies are attracted and pests are repelled, thereby effectively playing an ecological regulatory role on pests and improving tobacco yield and quality.

[0006] The present invention provides a cultivation method for promoting tobacco insect resistance and yield increase by planting wormwood adjacent to each other, comprising the following steps: Cultivate mugwort seedlings on floating trays; Apply base fertilizer in the soil to be cultivated, plow and make ridges, and transplant the cultivated mugwort seedlings and tobacco seedlings next to each other. The planting width ratio of tobacco and mugwort is 2:1.

[0007] Furthermore, the flue-cured tobacco variety is K326.

[0008] Furthermore, the planting area is divided into several sub-areas, each of which has a 0.5-1.5m protection row between them. In each sub-area, tobacco and mugwort are planted in a strip-like pattern with equal bandwidth, with an alternating layout of tobacco belts on both sides and mugwort belts in the middle.

[0009] Furthermore, the bandwidth of the flue-cured tobacco belt and the mugwort belt are both 4~6m, the row spacing of the flue-cured tobacco belt is 110~130cm, the number of rows is 3~5 rows, and the plant spacing is 20~30cm; the row spacing of the mugwort belt is 25~35cm, the number of rows is 3~5 rows, and the plant spacing is 25~35cm.

[0010] Furthermore, when the wormwood seedlings are raised on the floating tray, they are transplanted into the soil when they grow to 6-8 cm. After the wormwood seedlings are transplanted, they are watered a predetermined number of times to keep the soil moist.

[0011] Furthermore, after transplanting the mugwort seedlings, when they are 8 to 10 cm tall, they are planted at a spacing of 25 to 35 cm, leaving one strong seedling in each hole and supplementing the seedlings at the same time.

[0012] Furthermore, the soil is loosened and weeded after the mugwort seedlings are transplanted, and soil is added when the plants are 25 cm tall.

[0013] Furthermore, the method further comprises: leaving 20 to 24 effective leaves on the tobacco plants, harvesting them every 10 days during the harvesting period, and baking them for 10 days.

[0014] The present invention provides a cultivation method for promoting tobacco insect resistance and yield increase by planting wormwood side by side. The method of planting wormwood side by side with flue-cured tobacco is adopted for the first time. Natural enemy insects are attracted by the neighboring plants, thereby playing an ecological regulation role on pests, effectively reducing the damage rate of tobacco plants by chewing mouthparts pests, increasing the population of natural enemies of tobacco aphids to control the number of pests such as tobacco aphids and whiteflies, and improving the yield, quality and safety of tobacco leaves. The method is environmentally friendly and is conducive to the continuous improvement of the tobacco field ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings: Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the effect of chewing mouthpart pests on tobacco plant damage rate under different planting methods provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the effects of different planting methods on the population dynamics of Aphididae fasciatus provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the effects of different planting methods on ladybug population dynamics provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the effects of different planting methods on the dynamics of hoverfly populations provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the effects of different planting methods on the population dynamics of lacewings provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram showing the effects of different planting methods on the fresh weight of harvested tobacco provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the influence of different planting methods provided in an embodiment of the present invention on the proportion of upper, middle and lower grade tobacco leaves harvested for the third time. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.

[0018] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used to describe the acquisition modules in the embodiments of the present invention, the acquisition modules should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish the acquisition modules from each other.

[0019] The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at the time of" or "when" or "in response to determining" or "in response to detecting", depending on the context. Similarly, the phrases "if it is determined" or "if (stated condition or event) is detected" may be interpreted as "when it is determined" or "in response to determining" or "when detecting (stated condition or event)" or "in response to detecting (stated condition or event)", depending on the context.

[0020] It should be noted that the directional words such as "upper", "lower", "left", and "right" described in the embodiments of the present invention are described at the angles shown in the drawings and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. In addition, in the context, it should also be understood that when it is mentioned that an element is formed "on" or "under" another element, it can not only be formed directly "on" or "under" another element, but also be formed "on" or "under" another element indirectly through an intermediate element.

[0021] A cultivation method for promoting tobacco insect resistance and yield increase by planting wormwood adjacent to each other provided by an embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps: Cultivate mugwort seedlings on floating trays; Specifically, common mugwort seeds are used for propagation. The seeds are soaked in warm water for 3 to 5 minutes before sowing, and then taken out and dried. The seedlings are raised by the floating tray seedling raising method of a plastic film shed: a handful of mugwort seeds are pinched with the thumb, index finger, and middle finger and dotted into the seedling raising matrix in the floating tray. When the mugwort seedlings on the seedling raising tray grow to 6 to 8 cm, they can be transplanted into the ground. Preferably, the mugwort seedlings are transplanted into the ground when they grow to 7 cm, so as to ensure the robustness of the root system and stems of the mugwort seedlings and coordinate with the growth rhythm of flue-cured tobacco, so as to avoid premature shading or competition for resources of a certain crop; Apply base fertilizer in the soil to be cultivated, plow and make ridges, and transplant the cultivated mugwort seedlings and tobacco seedlings next to each other. The planting width ratio of tobacco and mugwort is 2:1.

[0022] Specifically, the cultivated mugwort seedlings and flue-cured tobacco seedlings are transplanted adjacent to each other. Preferably, transplanting is carried out on a rainy day to reduce water evaporation of the mugwort seedlings. After transplanting, depending on the soil moisture condition of the cultivated layer of the land, water the roots 1 or 2 times to keep the soil moist and avoid excessive drying of the soil. Do not water too much to prevent excessive growth. Transplant the flue-cured tobacco seedlings in mid-to-late April, and the flue-cured tobacco variety is K326.

[0023] The planting area is divided into several sub-areas, each with a 0.5-1.5m protection row between each sub-area. Preferably, a 1m protection row is set to ensure the independence of each sub-area and reduce environmental interference. In each sub-area, flue-cured tobacco and wormwood are planted in a strip-shaped adjacent pattern with equal bandwidth, with an alternating layout of flue-cured tobacco belts on both sides and wormwood belts in the middle. The bandwidth of the flue-cured tobacco belt and the wormwood belt is 4-6m, the row spacing of the flue-cured tobacco belt is 110-130cm, the number of rows is 3-5, and the plant spacing is 20-30. cm, the row spacing of the wormwood belt is 25-35cm, the number of rows is 3-5 rows, and the plant spacing is 25-35cm. Preferably, the width of the adjacent crop belt is 5m, the row spacing of the flue-cured tobacco belt is 120cm, the number of rows is 4 rows, and the plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing of the wormwood belt is 30cm, the number of rows is 4 rows, and the plant spacing is 30cm, so as to maximize the repellent effect of wormwood on natural enemies, avoid root competition between flue-cured tobacco and wormwood, and achieve better ecological complementary effect between flue-cured tobacco and wormwood.

[0024] After transplanting the wormwood seedlings, when the wormwood seedlings are 8-10 cm high, they are fixed at a spacing of 25-35 cm. Preferably, when the wormwood seedlings are 9 cm high, they are fixed at a spacing of 30 cm. Fixed seedlings means thinning and supplementing the seedlings. Thinning means removing overcrowded, weak or sick seedlings, retaining strong seedlings with good growth, ensuring that the plants have enough space to grow, avoiding poor growth caused by overcrowding, and improving the overall plant growth quality and yield. One strong seedling is left in each hole, and the seedling-deficient area caused by thinning is supplemented. The strong seedlings are transplanted to the seedling-deficient position to ensure uniform distribution of plants and increase yield. After the wormwood seedlings are fixed, the soil is loosened and weeded in time. When the plant height is 24-26 cm, preferably, when the plant height is 25 cm, the soil is cultivated in time to prevent lodging.

[0025] After the tobacco seedlings survive, the film is removed in time, the soil is cultivated and weeded, and the topping and stubble are removed in time in the later stage. The tobacco plants are left with 20 to 24 effective leaves. Effective leaves are leaves that can participate in photosynthesis in a plant. Generally speaking, they refer to the leaves from the ground to the last leaf that is exposed to light. Preferably, 22 effective leaves are left to ensure that the photosynthesis needs of the plants are covered and the nutrient dispersion caused by too many leaves is avoided, which affects the quality of tobacco leaves. Tobacco leaves are harvested in mid-July, harvested every 10 days, and baked for 10 days. After the tobacco leaves are harvested, the tobacco straw is removed in time, and mugwort is harvested in early September.

[0026] The embodiments of the present invention were tested under natural conditions in the field, and the specific method is as follows: Field experiment design: In Yuxi City, Yunnan Province, China, tobacco was selected for field experiments. Flue-cured tobacco and mugwort were planted in the field in advance. The field was divided into several experimental sub-areas, and the area of ​​each experimental sub-area was set to 352m 2 There was a 1m protection row between each experimental sub-area. All experimental sub-areas were randomly grouped. Each treatment group had 4 repeated mugwort-tobacco adjacent sub-areas and 1 flue-cured tobacco monoculture sub-area as a blank control. All were cultivated and managed normally. After planting, all experimental sub-areas maintained consistent cultivation conditions. Among them, each mugwort-tobacco adjacent sub-area was divided into three plots, with a mugwort belt in the middle and tobacco belts on both sides.

[0027] Conduct a survey on the damage of chewing mouthpart pests to tobacco plants from June 15 to July 15, with survey intervals of 3, 7, 10, and 20 days from the first survey, referring to 4.1 of GB / T 23222-2008 Grading and Survey Methods for Tobacco Pests and Diseases; conduct monitoring of dominant natural enemies in tobacco fields from June 15 to July 15, and set up 6 yellow baskets in each experimental sub-area, which were replaced every 10 days to ensure that each yellow basket still had trapping surplus. Perform statistical analysis on the survey data, and optionally use Excel and Origin for data statistical analysis.

[0028] The results show that refer to Figure 1 The damage rate of chewing mouthparts pests to tobacco plants in the wormwood-tobacco adjacent cropping field was significantly lower than that in the flue-cured tobacco monoculture field. The insect resistance effect was mainly reflected in late June. Among them, the wormwood-tobacco adjacent cropping field was all the wormwood-tobacco adjacent cropping sub-areas in the test area, and the flue-cured tobacco monoculture field was all the flue-cured tobacco monoculture sub-areas in the test area. It can be seen that the chewing mouthparts pests can effectively reduce the damage rate of tobacco plants to chewing mouthparts pests by adjacent cropping of wormwood and flue-cured tobacco. refer to Figure 2-5 The number of tobacco aphid wasps, ladybugs, hoverflies and lacewings in the wormwood-tobacco neighbor-cropping fields were significantly higher than those in the tobacco monoculture fields. It can be seen that the population of natural enemies of tobacco aphids in the wormwood-tobacco neighbor-cropping fields was significantly higher than that in the tobacco monoculture fields.

[0029] refer to Figure 6 The fresh weight of tobacco harvested in the wormwood-tobacco adjacent cropping area is higher than that in the flue-cured tobacco monoculture field. Therefore, the total tobacco leaf yield in the wormwood-tobacco adjacent cropping field is higher than that in the flue-cured tobacco monoculture field. Figure 7 The yield of upper and middle tobacco leaves at the third harvest in the wormwood-tobacco adjacent field was higher than that in the tobacco monoculture field.

[0030] According to the test results, the cultivation method of wormwood intercropping to promote tobacco insect resistance and yield increase provided by the embodiment of the present invention can effectively reduce the damage rate of tobacco plants by chewing mouthparts pests, effectively increase the population of natural enemies of tobacco aphids to control the number of pests such as tobacco aphids and whiteflies, and improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0031] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of disclosure involved in the present invention is not limited to the technical solution formed by a specific combination of the above technical features, but also should cover other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above technical features or their equivalent features without departing from the above disclosed concept. For example, the above features are replaced with the technical features with similar functions disclosed in the present invention (but not limited to) to form a technical solution.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for promoting tobacco insect resistance and yield increase by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Cultivate mugwort seedlings on floating trays; Apply base fertilizer in the soil to be cultivated, plow and make ridges, and transplant the cultivated mugwort seedlings and tobacco seedlings next to each other. The planting width ratio of tobacco and mugwort is 2:

1.

2. The method for cultivating tobacco by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variety of the flue-cured tobacco is K326.

3. The method for cultivating tobacco by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planting area is divided into several sub-areas, each of which has a 0.5-1.5m protection row between them. In each sub-area, tobacco and mugwort are planted in a strip-like pattern with equal bandwidth, alternating with tobacco belts on both sides and mugwort belts in the middle.

4. The method for cultivating tobacco by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The belt widths of the flue-cured tobacco belt and the mugwort belt are both 4-6 m, the row spacing of the flue-cured tobacco belt is 110-130 cm, the number of rows is 3-5 rows, and the plant spacing is 20-30 cm, and the row spacing of the mugwort belt is 25-35 cm, the number of rows is 3-5 rows, and the plant spacing is 25-35 cm.

5. The method for cultivating tobacco by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco to promote insect resistance and increase yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the wormwood seedlings are raised on the floating tray, they are transplanted into the soil when they grow to 6-8 cm. After the wormwood seedlings are transplanted, they are watered for a predetermined number of times to keep the soil moist.

6. The method for cultivating tobacco by planting wormwood next to each other to promote insect resistance and increase yield according to claim 5, characterized in that: After transplanting the mugwort seedlings, when they are 8 to 10 cm tall, thin them out at a spacing of 25 to 35 cm, leaving one strong seedling in each hole and supplementing the seedlings at the same time.

7. The method for cultivating tobacco by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco according to claim 6, characterized in that: After the mugwort seedlings are transplanted, loosen the soil and weed, and add soil when the plants are 25 cm tall.

8. The method for cultivating tobacco by planting wormwood adjacent to tobacco to promote pest resistance and increase yield according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: Leave 20 to 24 effective leaves on the tobacco plant, harvest them every 10 days during the harvest period and bake them for 10 days.

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