Corn belt tillage planting method for black soil area

Abstract

The invention discloses a corn belt tillage planting method for a black soil area, which comprises the following non-sequential execution steps: S1, cutting off and crushing straws while autumn corn is harvested, and then covering and returning the straws to a field; s2, ploughing operation is conducted in autumn or spring, the ploughing position is the middle of the ridge, and the positions are alternately changed according to the year; s3, sowing and fertilizing in spring; s4, weeding by using a chemical herbicide; s5, topdressing of chemical fertilizer; s6, preventing and controlling diseases and pests; and S7, in the operation season of the second year, the step S1 and the step S2 are repeatedly operated. According to the invention, soil organic matters and soil fertility can be increased, the field operation efficiency of the no-tillage planter is improved, and the purpose of promoting agricultural sustainable development is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of corn planting, and in particular to a corn strip-tillage planting method for black soil areas. Background Art

[0003] How to protect and make good use of black soil has become a key issue of concern to all sectors of society today. Conservation tillage technology with straw mulching and returning to the field as the core is widely used in farmland ecosystem management and restoration of degraded soil. Strip Tillage is a form of conservation tillage. It is a treatment of soil and straw in autumn or spring before no-tillage sowing. It is mainly suitable for use in areas with large amounts of straw mulch (full straw return to the field) and heavy soil. It can effectively solve the problems of low spring ground temperature caused by excessive straw mulch and heavy soil, and late and uneven emergence of seedlings caused by excessive soil moisture. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and to propose a method for strip-tillage planting of corn in black soil areas, which closely combines no-tillage technology with modern agricultural production and farmers' needs, achieves a beneficial supplement to no-tillage sowing technology, and effectively promotes the sustainable development of agriculture. While protecting the ecological environment of the black soil area, it improves the economic benefits of farmers.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for planting corn strip-tillage in black soil areas, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: During the autumn corn harvest, the corn stalks are cut and crushed before being covered and returned to the field;

[0008] S2: Strip tillage in autumn or spring, the strip tillage position is in the middle of the ridge, and the position is rotated back and forth every year;

[0009] S3: Spring sowing and fertilization;

[0010] S4: Weed control using chemical herbicides;

[0011] S5: topdressing of fertilizers;

[0012] S6: Pest and disease control;

[0013] S7: In the second operation season, repeat steps S1 and S2.

[0014] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S1, corn harvesters are used for harvesting in autumn; the corn stalks are evenly scattered on the ground, and the length of the corn stalks after being crushed is ≤20 cm.

[0015] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S2, a tillage machine with a grass rake is used to perform tillage operations, and the operating width is 30 cm ± 5 cm and the depth is 15 cm ± 2 cm.

[0016] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S3, a no-till seeder is used for sowing in spring, and the row spacing of the no-till seeder is 76 cm.

[0017] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S4, weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding.

[0018] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S5, a topdressing machine with a straw chopping function is used for topdressing operation, and the topdressing depth is 15 cm below the surface soil.

[0019] As a further technical solution of the present invention, in S6, corn pest and disease integrated green control technology is applied to carry out pest and disease control.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. Reduce straw burning and achieve clean agricultural production.

[0022] 2. It effectively solves the adverse effects of full straw coverage on corn no-till sowing and later crop production, and improves the field operation efficiency and quality of no-till seeders.

[0023] 3. Store water and conserve moisture, increasing soil moisture content by 2-8%; ground temperature in the seedling zone increases by 0.5-3℃.

[0024] 4. Improve soil fertility and increase the organic matter content in the tillage layer by 0.3-0.5%.

[0025] 5. It is conducive to the full mechanization of corn production.

[0026] 6. Reduce farmers' working hours and significantly improve economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic structural diagram of a method for strip-tillage planting of corn in black soil areas. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0029] Please refer to the attached Figure 1 , a method for strip-tillage planting of corn in black soil areas, comprising the steps of non-sequential execution:

[0030] S1: During the autumn corn harvest, the corn stalks are cut and crushed before being covered and returned to the field;

[0031] S2: Strip tillage in autumn or spring, the strip tillage position is in the middle of the ridge, and the position is rotated back and forth every year;

[0032] S3: Spring sowing and fertilization;

[0033] S4: Weed control using chemical herbicides;

[0034] S5: topdressing of fertilizers;

[0035] S6: Pest and disease control;

[0036] S7: In the second operation season, repeat steps S1 and S2.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, in S1, corn harvesters are used for harvesting in autumn; the corn stalks are evenly scattered on the ground, and the length of the corn stalks after being crushed is ≤ 20 cm. The corn stalks are crushed using a straw crushing device provided in the corn harvester.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, in S2, a tillage machine with a grass rake is used to till the area to be sown, and a flat and loose sowing belt in the shape of a flowerpot of approximately 30 cm wide and 15 cm deep is cultivated, while other areas remain in a no-till state; the depressions can be tilled in the spring to disperse the moisture, and sowing can be carried out 1-5 days after tillage (depending on the soil moisture conditions).

[0039] In a preferred embodiment, in S3, a no-till seeder (76 cm row spacing) is used for sowing in spring, and the processes of deep side fertilization, seedling strip arrangement, sowing furrowing, single seed sowing, soil covering, and heavy compaction are completed at one time.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, in S4, weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding; choose sunny and windless weather, and the spraying time is preferably after 9 am and before 4 pm; corn pre-emergence herbicide: a mixture of sethoxydim (36%), 2,4-D isooctyl ester (6%), and atrazine (24%); corn post-emergence herbicide: nicotinamide [ingredients nicosulfuron (3%), mesotrione (7%), atrazine (20%)] + tembotrione (synergistic adjuvant) + a small amount of 2,4-D isooctyl ester, and the amount used can be according to the instructions.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, in S5, a topdressing machine with a straw chopping function is used for topdressing, and the topdressing depth is 15 cm below the surface soil.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, in S6, corn pest and disease integrated green control technology is applied for pest and disease control. The application period is generally twice, at the end of June and the beginning of July, and at the end of July and the beginning of August. The medicine used in early July is (chlorfenapyr) + fungicide (Hyderabadine·Probiconazole), and the medicine used in early August is (chlorfenapyr·thiamethoxam) + fungicide (oxazolidinone·fluoxonazole) + flying control adjuvant. The amount used can be according to the instructions.

[0043] Application Example 1

[0044] In the 2022 "Black Soil Granary" Science and Technology Campaign at the Nong'an Core Demonstration Base of the Changchun Demonstration Zone (Chenjiadian Village, Helong Town, Nong'an County), the yield of corn planted using this technology was 13,404 kg / ha, and the yield of conventionally planted corn was 12,452 kg / ha. The yield of corn planted using this technology increased by 7.65% over that of conventionally planted corn.

[0045] Application Example 2

[0046] In the 2023 "Black Soil Granary" Science and Technology Campaign at the Nong'an Core Demonstration Base of the Changchun Demonstration Zone (Chenjiadian Village, Helong Town, Nong'an County), the yield of corn planted using this technology was 13,746 kg / ha, and the yield of conventionally planted corn was 12,532 kg / ha. The yield of corn planted using this technology increased by 9.69% over that of conventionally planted corn.

[0047] Application Example 3

[0048] In the 2024 "Black Soil Granary" Science and Technology Campaign at the Nong'an Demonstration Base of the Changchun Demonstration Zone (Chenjiadian Village, Helong Town, Nong'an County), the yield of corn planted using this technology was 12,890 kg / ha, and the yield of conventionally planted corn was 12,006 kg / ha. The yield of corn planted using this technology increased by 7.36% over that of conventionally planted corn.

[0049] From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects: reduce straw burning and realize clean agricultural production; effectively solve the adverse effects of full straw coverage on corn no-till sowing and later crop production, and improve the field operation efficiency and quality of no-till seeders; store water and conserve moisture, and increase soil moisture content by 2-8%; increase the ground temperature in the seedling zone by 0.5-3°C; improve soil fertility, and increase the organic matter content of the plow layer by 0.3-0.5%; be conducive to the full mechanization of corn production; reduce farmers' working time and significantly improve economic benefits.

[0050] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely illustrative and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments may be combined, the steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present invention as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of simplicity.

[0051] The present invention is intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications and variations that fall within the broad scope of the claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for planting corn strip tillage in black soil areas, characterized in that: Contains non-sequential execution steps: S1: During the autumn corn harvest, the corn stalks are cut and crushed before being covered and returned to the field; S2: Strip tillage in autumn or spring, the strip tillage position is in the middle of the ridge, and the position is rotated back and forth every year; S3: Spring sowing and fertilization; S4: Weed control using chemical herbicides; S5: topdressing of fertilizers; S6: Pest and disease control; S7: In the second operation season, repeat steps S1 and S2.

2. The method for planting corn strip tillage in black soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S1, corn harvesters are used for harvesting in autumn; the corn stalks are evenly scattered on the ground, and the length of the corn stalks after being crushed is ≤20 cm.

3. The method for planting corn strip tillage in black soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, a tillage machine with a grass rake is used to perform tillage work, and the working width is 30 cm ± 5 cm and the depth is 15 cm ± 2 cm.

4. The method for planting corn strip tillage in black soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, a no-till seeder is used for sowing in spring, and the row spacing of the no-till seeder is 76 cm.

5. The method for planting corn strip tillage in black soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S4, weeding includes pre-emergence weeding and post-emergence weeding.

6. The method for planting corn strip tillage in black soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, a topdressing machine with a straw chopping function is used for topdressing, and the topdressing depth is 15 cm below the surface soil.

7. The method for planting corn strip tillage in black soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S6, corn pest and disease integrated green control technology is used to control pests and diseases.

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