Dust collector for braking of water wheel generator and use method of dust collector

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric generation, and provides a dust collector for hydroelectric generator braking and a using method thereof.The dust collector comprises a shell, a partition plate is arranged in the shell, and the partition plate divides the inner space of the shell into a negative pressure cavity and a dust collecting cavity below the negative pressure cavity; a drainage fan used for enabling the negative pressure chamber to be in a negative pressure state during working is arranged at the top of the negative pressure chamber, and a dust suction pipe used for guiding dust generated during working of the hydraulic generator brake into the dust collection chamber is arranged on one side of the bottom of the shell; when the airflow reaches the top of the flow guide component, the airflow enters and spirally enters a conical cavity in the lower end of the main body through a top opening of a first flow channel, then enters and spirally enters an upper flow guide cover through a bottom opening of a second flow channel, and the airflow circulates in a roundabout mode in the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the flow guide component, so that the circulation path of the airflow is further prolonged; therefore, the heat absorption efficiency of the heat conduction plate is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of hydroelectric power generation, and in particular to a dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the braking process of the hydro-generator, strong friction will occur between the brake block and the brake disc. This process will generate a large amount of dust. If this dust enters the internal precision parts of the generator, such as the gap between the stator and the rotor, the bearings and other parts, it will increase the wear of the parts. For example, dust particles entering the bearing will act like abrasives, intensifying the friction between the ball and the raceway, causing the bearing temperature to rise, the precision to decrease, and the service life of the bearing to be shortened. Therefore, it is necessary to collect it through a dust collector.

[0003] After searching, the announcement number CN118492012A discloses a hydraulic generator brake dust collection device, including a dust hood, a heat dissipation mechanism connected to the dust hood and used for dissipating dust, and a collection mechanism connected to the heat dissipation mechanism and used for collecting the dust after the heat is dissipated; the heat dissipation mechanism is provided with air ducts connected to the dust hood and the collection mechanism respectively; the collection mechanism includes a shell connected to the heat dissipation mechanism, a partition arranged in the shell and dividing the shell into an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a fan installed in the upper chamber, a dust collecting mechanism installed in the lower chamber, and a cleaning mechanism installed in the lower chamber and located above the dust collecting box; the hydraulic generator brake dust collection device can effectively realize automatic collection of dust generated when the brake is working, improve dust absorption efficiency, prevent equipment from being polluted and damaged, effectively reduce the risk of fire during the braking process of the hydraulic generator, and ensure the stable operation of the hydraulic generator.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned hydraulic generator brake dust collection device still has the following problems: the above-mentioned hydraulic generator brake dust collection device slows down the flow rate of the airflow by arranging a dust shield in the shell, and since the heat dissipation mechanism is outside the shell, the flow rate of the airflow entering the heat dissipation mechanism is at a high speed, resulting in a relatively unsatisfactory heat dissipation effect on the dust in the airflow. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator and a use method thereof, which solves the problem of insufficient heat dissipation effect on dust in an airflow in the prior art.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a dust collector for hydraulic generator braking, comprising a shell, a partition is arranged in the shell, the partition divides the internal space of the shell into a negative pressure chamber and a dust collecting chamber below the negative pressure chamber, the top of the negative pressure chamber is provided with a drainage fan for making the negative pressure chamber in a negative pressure state during operation, a dust suction pipe for introducing dust generated when the hydraulic generator brake is working into the dust collecting chamber is arranged on one side of the bottom of the shell, a dust collecting component for collecting dust is arranged at the bottom of the dust collecting chamber, the bottom of the dust collecting component is connected to a ventilation pipe leading to the external atmosphere, and a dust collecting component under the partition is fixed in the shell. An upper air guide hood and a lower air guide hood below the dust collection pipe, the lower air guide hood is used to guide the dust with heavier mass directly to the dust receiving component, a guide component is arranged between the upper air guide hood and the lower air guide hood, two rows of heat conduction plates are arranged on the outside of the guide component to slow down the flow rate of the airflow entering the dust collection pipe, and the guide component can make the decelerated airflow pass into the upper air guide hood in a circuitous manner up and down, a center hole is opened on the partition, a cleaning component is arranged outside the center hole to intercept the tiny dust in the incoming airflow, and the cleaning component can self-clean so as to guide the tiny dust into the dust receiving component through the guide component and distinguish and collect it from the large particles of dust.

[0007] Preferably, the flow guide component includes a main body, the upper and lower ends of the main body are conical and the middle part is cylindrical, the lower cone head of the main body is a hollow structure, the bottom of the lower cone head of the main body is connected with a conduit leading to the dust collecting component, the upper cone head and the middle part of the main body are provided with a circle of first flow channel and a circle of second flow channel, and the first flow channel is in the outer circle and the second flow channel is in the inner circle, the first flow channel and the second flow channel are both spirally distributed along the axis of the flow guide component, the bottom of the upper flow guide cover is sealed and combined with the upper cone head of the flow guide component, and the combination position is between the outer circle first flow channel and the inner circle second flow channel.

[0008] Preferably, the two rows of heat conducting plates are respectively obliquely distributed on both sides of the flow guide component, and the inclination directions of the two rows of heat conducting plates are opposite, one row of the heat conducting plates is attached to the outer surface of one side of the flow guide component, and the other row of the heat conducting plates is attached to the outer surface of the other side of the flow guide component, and the two rows of heat conducting plates are alternately arranged along the length direction of the flow guide component.

[0009] Preferably, the cleaning component includes a filter element for intercepting tiny particles of dust in the air flow passing through the center hole of the partition, a support frame fixed at the center hole of the partition, an air compressor fixed under the support frame for compressing air in a dust suction state, a high-pressure air storage tank for storing the high-pressure air compressed by the air compressor, and an air guide pipe for rotating the high-pressure air stored in the high-pressure air storage tank to blow toward the filter element in a self-cleaning state.

[0010] Preferably, the filter element includes a filter cartridge fixed to the bottom surface of the partition, the upper part of the filter cartridge is cylindrical and the lower part is conical, the cylindrical part of the filter cartridge is provided with an interlayer, and the interlayer is filled with a filter element, the cylindrical part of the filter cartridge is radially fixed with a plurality of evenly distributed spacers, and a part of the spacers is outside the cylinder and the other part is inside the cylinder, and the cylindrical part of the filter cartridge is located between the lower air guide cover and is provided with a vent hole that penetrates the interlayer.

[0011] Preferably, the air guide pipe comprises an axis tube, which is rotatably connected to the high-pressure gas storage tank via a rotating joint, a frame tube is fixed to the lower end of the axis tube, and the frame tube is communicated with the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas storage tank via the axis tube, the frame tube is a U-shaped structure formed by a hollow cross bar section and two vertical bar sections, and a row of first air holes and a row of second air holes are respectively provided on the two vertical bar sections of the frame tube, the first air holes are radially arranged relative to the axis tube, and the first air holes and the second air holes maintain a certain angle.

[0012] Preferably, the dust collecting component includes a dust collecting box, the top of the dust collecting box is flexibly connected to a fixing frame through a folding tube, the fixing frame is fixed to the outside of the bottom opening of the lower air guide cover by bolts, a mesh plate is fixed to the inner side of the bottom of the dust collecting box, a dust exhaust pipe is fixed at the center of the mesh plate, flanges are provided at both upper and lower ends of the dust exhaust pipe, the flange at the upper end of the dust exhaust pipe is fixed to the conduit at the lower end of the air guide component by bolts, the flange at the lower end of the dust exhaust pipe is fixed to the ventilation pipe by bolts, and a filter is provided in the dust exhaust pipe.

[0013] Preferably, the dust suction pipe is provided with a solenoid valve, which is opened in a dust suction state and closed in a dust cleaning component self-cleaning state.

[0014] Preferably, a one-way valve is provided on the ventilation pipe, and the one-way valve is closed under a negative pressure environment in the shell and opened under a positive pressure environment.

[0015] Based on the above-mentioned dust collector for braking a hydro-generator, the present invention further proposes a method for using the dust collector, including the following process:

[0016] In the dust collection state, the suction fan works to generate a negative pressure environment in the negative pressure chamber above the partition. Under the action of negative pressure, the dust generated by the operation of the turbine generator brake is introduced into the dust collection chamber through the dust collection pipe. Large particles of dust with larger mass in the airflow are directly introduced into the dust receiving component through the lower air guide cover for collection, while tiny dust moves upward with the action of the airflow, absorbs the heat in the airflow through the heat conduction plate and dissipates it outward. The airflow decelerated by the two rows of heat conduction plates enters the air guide component and passes into the upper air guide cover in a circuitous manner up and down, and the tiny particles in the airflow are intercepted by the dust cleaning component outside the central hole of the partition.

[0017] When the dust cleaning component is in the self-cleaning state, the drainage fan does not work. The dust cleaning component works to blow out the intercepted tiny dust particles under high-pressure airflow, and introduce them into the dust receiving component through the guide component, and the dust receiving component distinguishes and collects the tiny dust particles from the large dust particles.

[0018] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. In the present invention, the dust generated when the hydraulic generator brake is working is introduced into the dust collecting chamber through the dust suction pipe under the action of negative pressure, and the large particles of dust with larger mass in the airflow are directly introduced into the dust collecting box outside the dust exhaust pipe through the lower guide cover, and are intercepted and collected by the mesh plate, while the tiny dust moves upward in an S shape under the guidance of the two rows of heat conduction plates on both sides of the outer periphery of the guide component as the airflow acts, and the heat in the airflow is absorbed by the heat conduction plates and dissipated outward. Compared with the prior art, the present invention realizes the miniaturization of the equipment by arranging the heat dissipation structure in the shell;

[0020] 2. In the present invention, by arranging inner and outer flow channels in the flow guide component, when reaching the top of the flow guide component, the air enters through the top opening of the first flow channel and spirally passes into the conical cavity at the lower end of the main body, and then enters through the bottom opening of the second flow channel and spirally passes into the upper flow guide cover. The circuitous flow of the airflow in the first flow channel and the second flow channel of the flow guide component further extends the flow path of the airflow, slows down the flow rate of the airflow, and thus improves the heat absorption efficiency of the heat conduction plate;

[0021] 3. In the cleaning mode of the present invention, high-pressure air is introduced into the tube cavity of the frame tube through the shaft tube. Since a row of first air holes and a row of second air holes are respectively provided on the two vertical rod sections of the frame tube, the first air holes are arranged radially relative to the shaft tube, and the high-pressure gas ejected from the first air holes is directly sprayed outward toward the filter cartridge, and the first air holes and the second air holes maintain a certain angle, and the high-pressure gas ejected from the second air holes is sprayed toward the partition at a certain angle, and the reverse thrust of the partition causes the air guide pipe to rotate in the filter cartridge. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can realize comprehensive cleaning of the filter cartridge, reduce the hole layout of the air guide pipe, maintain the impact force of the air ejected from the air holes, thereby improving the efficient cleaning of the filter cartridge;

[0022] 4. The top opening of the second flow channel in the present invention is close to the inner edge of the bottom opening of the upper air guide cover, and the cleaned tiny dust particles enter the bottom conical cavity of the guide component through the second flow channel. Since the dust suction pipe is closed, the tiny dust particles cannot flow back through the first flow channel, and the one-way valve on the ventilation pipe is opened under the action of positive pressure, so that the airflow can only enter the dust exhaust pipe through the bottom conduit of the guide component, and then be intercepted by the filter in the dust exhaust pipe, so that large mass dust is collected in the dust collecting box outside the dust exhaust pipe, and tiny dust particles are collected in the dust exhaust pipe. Simple gravity sedimentation collection is used for large dust particles, and high-pressure air impact collection is used for small dust particles. The energy consumption of the equipment is reduced, thereby reducing the overall operating cost. At the same time, classified collection is also convenient for equipment maintenance. According to the characteristics of dust collection equipment with different particle sizes, maintenance plans can be arranged in a targeted manner to reduce equipment failures and maintenance times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a hydraulic generator braking dust collector proposed by the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of a dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator proposed by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow guide component proposed by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional structure of the flow guide component proposed by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the top view of the flow guide component proposed by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust cleaning component proposed by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the vertical cross-sectional structure of the dust cleaning component proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust cleaning component proposed by the present invention without the filter element;

[0032] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the transverse cross-sectional structure of the dust cleaning component proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the dust collecting component proposed by the present invention;

[0034] In the figure: 1. shell; 11. partition; 12. upper air guide cover; 13. lower air guide cover; 14. dust suction pipe; 15. ventilation pipe; 2. drainage fan; 3. air guide component; 31. main body; 32. first flow channel; 33. second flow channel; 4. heat conduction plate; 5. dust collecting component; 51. dust collecting box; 52. folding pipe; 53. fixing frame; 54. mesh plate; 55. dust exhaust pipe; 56. flange; 6. cleaning component; 61. filter element; 611. filter cartridge; 612. partition; 613. ventilation hole; 62. supporting frame; 63. air compressor; 64. high-pressure gas storage tank; 65. air guide pipe; 651. shaft pipe; 652. frame pipe; 653. first air hole; 654. second air hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present invention provides a technical solution: a dust collector for hydraulic generator brake, comprising a shell 1, a partition 11 is arranged in the shell 1, the partition 11 divides the internal space of the shell 1 into a negative pressure chamber and a dust collecting chamber below the negative pressure chamber, a drainage fan 2 is arranged on the top of the negative pressure chamber for making the negative pressure chamber in a negative pressure state during operation, a dust suction pipe 14 is arranged on one side of the bottom of the shell 1 for introducing dust generated when the hydraulic generator brake is working into the dust collecting chamber, a dust collecting component 5 for collecting dust is arranged at the bottom of the dust collecting chamber, a ventilation pipe 15 leading to the external atmosphere is connected to the bottom of the dust collecting component 5, and an upper deflector below the partition 11 is fixed in the shell 1 12 and a lower air guide cover 13 below the dust suction pipe 14, the lower air guide cover 13 is used to guide the dust with heavier mass directly to the dust receiving component 5, a guide component 3 is arranged between the upper air guide cover 12 and the lower air guide cover 13, two rows of heat conduction plates 4 are arranged on the outside of the guide component 3 for slowing down the flow velocity of the airflow entering the dust suction pipe 14, and the guide component 3 can make the decelerated airflow pass into the upper air guide cover 12 in a circuitous manner up and down, a central hole is opened on the partition 11, and a cleaning component 6 is arranged outside the central hole for intercepting the tiny dust in the incoming airflow, and the cleaning component 6 can self-clean so as to introduce the tiny dust into the dust receiving component 5 through the guide component 3 and distinguish and collect it from the large particles of dust.

[0037] See also Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5The flow guide component 3 includes a main body 31, the upper and lower ends of the main body 31 are both conical and the middle part is cylindrical, the lower cone head of the main body 31 is a hollow structure, the bottom of the lower cone head of the main body 31 is connected with a conduit leading to the dust receiving component 5, the upper cone head and the middle part of the main body 31 are provided with a circle of first flow channel 32 and a circle of second flow channel 33, and the first flow channel 32 is in the outer circle and the second flow channel 33 is in the inner circle, the first flow channel 32 and the second flow channel 33 are both spirally distributed along the axis of the flow guide component 3, the bottom of the upper guide cover 12 is sealed and combined with the upper cone head of the flow guide component 3, and the combination position is between the outer circle first flow channel 32 and the inner circle second flow channel 33, the second flow channel 3 The top opening of 3 is close to the inner edge of the bottom opening of the upper air guide cover 12. Under the action of negative pressure, the dust generated when the hydraulic generator brake is working is introduced into the dust collecting chamber through the dust suction pipe 14. The large particles of dust with larger mass in the airflow are directly introduced into the dust collecting box 51 outside the dust exhaust pipe 55 through the lower air guide cover 13, and are intercepted and collected by the mesh plate 54. The tiny dust moves upward under the guidance of the two rows of heat conduction plates 4 on both sides of the outer periphery of the air guide component 3 with the airflow. When reaching the top of the air guide component 3, it enters through the top opening of the first flow channel 32 and spirally passes into the conical cavity at the lower end of the main body 31, and then enters through the bottom opening of the second flow channel 33 and spirally passes into the upper air guide cover 12.

[0038] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The two rows of heat conducting plates 4 are respectively tilted and distributed on both sides of the guide component 3, and the tilt directions of the two rows of heat conducting plates 4 are opposite, one row of heat conducting plates 4 is attached to the outer surface of one side of the guide component 3, and the other row of heat conducting plates 4 is attached to the outer surface of the other side of the guide component 3, and the two rows of heat conducting plates 4 are alternately arranged along the length direction of the guide component 3. The tiny dust moves upward in an S shape under the guidance of the two rows of heat conducting plates 4 on both sides of the periphery of the guide component 3 as the airflow acts, and absorbs the heat in the airflow through the heat conducting plates 4 and dissipates it outward. The airflow decelerated by the two rows of heat conducting plates 4 enters the guide component 3 and is circuitously passed into the upper guide cover 12 up and down. The circuitous circulation of the airflow in the first flow channel 32 and the second flow channel 33 of the guide component 3 further extends the circulation path of the airflow, slows down the flow rate of the airflow, and improves the heat absorption efficiency of the heat conducting plates 4.

[0039] See also Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8The dust cleaning component 6 includes a filter element 61 for intercepting tiny dust particles in the air flow passing through the central hole of the partition 11, a support frame 62 fixed at the central hole of the partition 11, an air compressor 63 fixed below the support frame 62 for compressing air in a dust collection state, a high-pressure air storage tank 64 for storing the high-pressure air compressed by the air compressor 63, and an air guide 65 for rotating and blowing the high-pressure air stored in the high-pressure air storage tank 64 to the filter element 61 in a self-cleaning state. The filter element 61 includes a filter cartridge 611 fixed to the bottom surface of the partition 11. The upper part of the filter cartridge 611 is cylindrical and the lower part is conical. The cylindrical part of the filter cartridge 611 is provided with an interlayer, and the interlayer A filter element is filled inside, and a plurality of evenly distributed spacers 612 are radially fixed to the cylindrical part of the filter cartridge 611, and a part of the spacer 612 is outside the cylinder and the other part is inside the cylinder. The cylindrical part of the filter cartridge 611 is located between the lower air guide cover 13 and is provided with an air vent 613 that penetrates the interlayer. The airflow entering the upper air guide cover 12 is filtered and intercepted by the air vent 613 of the filter cartridge 611 and the filter element in the interlayer, and enters the negative pressure chamber through the central hole of the partition 11, and is finally discharged to the outside. In the initial stage of the vacuuming work, the air compressor 63 starts to work, compresses the airflow into the high-pressure gas tank 64 for storage, until the high-pressure air stored in the high-pressure gas tank 64 reaches the maximum capacity.

[0040] See also Figure 8 and Fig. 9 The air guide pipe 65 includes a shaft tube 651, which is rotatably connected to the high-pressure gas storage tank 64 through a rotating joint. A frame tube 652 is fixed to the lower end of the shaft tube 651, and the frame tube 652 is communicated with the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas storage tank 64 through the shaft tube 651. The frame tube 652 is a U-shaped structure formed by a hollow cross bar section and two vertical bar sections. A row of first air holes 653 and a row of second air holes 654 are respectively provided on the two vertical bar sections of the frame tube 652. The first air holes 653 are radially arranged relative to the shaft tube 651, and the first air holes 653 and the second air holes 654 maintain a certain angle. The high-pressure gas ejected from the second air holes 654 is ejected toward the partition 612 at a certain angle, and the air guide pipe 65 is rotated in the filter cartridge 611 through the reverse thrust of the partition 612, so that the filter cartridge 611 can be comprehensively cleaned.

[0041] See also Figure 2 and Fig.10The dust receiving component 5 includes a dust receiving box 51, the top of the dust receiving box 51 is flexibly connected to a fixing frame 53 through a folding tube 52, the fixing frame 53 is fixed to the outside of the bottom of the lower air guide cover 13 by bolts, a mesh plate 54 is fixed to the inner side of the bottom of the dust receiving box 51, a dust exhaust pipe 55 is fixed at the center of the mesh plate 54, flanges 56 are provided at the upper and lower ends of the dust exhaust pipe 55, the flange 56 at the upper end of the dust exhaust pipe 55 is fixed to the lower end conduit of the air guide component 3 by bolts, the flange 56 at the lower end of the dust exhaust pipe 55 is fixed to the ventilation pipe 15 by bolts, a filter is provided in the dust exhaust pipe 55, a solenoid valve is provided on the dust suction pipe 14, the solenoid valve is opened in the dust suction state and closed in the self-cleaning state of the cleaning component 6, and a filter is provided on the ventilation pipe 15. The one-way valve is closed under negative pressure in the shell 1 and opens under positive pressure. Since the top of the second flow channel 33 is close to the inner edge of the bottom of the upper air guide cover 12, the cleaned micro-particles of dust enter the bottom conical cavity of the guide component 3 through the second flow channel 33. Since the solenoid valve closes the dust suction pipe 14, the micro-particles of dust cannot flow back through the first flow channel 32, and the one-way valve on the ventilation pipe 15 opens under the action of positive pressure, so that the airflow can only enter the dust exhaust pipe 55 through the bottom conduit of the guide component 3, and then be intercepted by the filter in the dust exhaust pipe 55, so that the large mass dust is collected in the dust collecting box 51 outside the dust exhaust pipe 55, and the micro-particles of dust are collected in the dust exhaust pipe 55.

[0042] Based on the above embodiments, the present invention further proposes a method for using a dust collector, comprising the following process:

[0043] In the dust collection state, the suction fan 2 works to generate a negative pressure environment in the negative pressure chamber above the partition 11. Under the action of negative pressure, the dust generated when the hydraulic generator brake is working is introduced into the dust collection chamber through the dust collection pipe 14. Large particles of dust with larger mass in the airflow are directly introduced into the dust receiving component 5 through the lower air guide cover 13 for collection, while the tiny dust moves upward with the action of the airflow, absorbs the heat in the airflow through the heat conduction plate 4 and dissipates it outward. The airflow decelerated by the two rows of heat conduction plates 4 enters the air guide component 3 and passes into the upper air guide cover 12 in a circuitous manner up and down, and the tiny particles in the airflow are intercepted by the dust cleaning component 6 outside the central hole of the partition 11.

[0044] When the dust cleaning component 6 is in the self-cleaning state, the exhaust fan 2 does not work. The dust cleaning component 6 works to blow out the intercepted tiny dust particles under high-pressure airflow, and introduce them into the dust receiving component 5 through the guide component 3, and the dust receiving component 5 distinguishes and collects the tiny dust particles from the large dust particles.

[0045] The present invention has two modes: dust collection and cleaning. In the dust collection mode, the solenoid valve of the dust collection pipe 14 is opened, the drainage fan 2 is working, and a negative pressure environment is generated in the negative pressure chamber above the partition 11. The one-way valve on the ventilation pipe 15 is closed under the negative pressure environment. Under the action of negative pressure, the dust generated when the hydraulic generator brake is working is introduced into the dust collection chamber through the dust collection pipe 14. Large particles of dust with larger mass in the airflow are directly introduced into the dust collecting box 51 outside the dust exhaust pipe 55 through the lower guide cover 13, and are intercepted and collected by the mesh plate 54, while tiny particles of dust are directly introduced into the dust collecting box 51 outside the dust exhaust pipe 55 through the lower guide cover 13. The dust moves upward in an S shape under the guidance of the two rows of heat conducting plates 4 on both sides of the outer periphery of the guide component 3 as the airflow acts on it, and absorbs the heat in the airflow through the heat conducting plates 4 and dissipates it outwards. When reaching the top of the guide component 3, the dust enters through the top opening of the first flow channel 32 and spirals into the conical cavity at the lower end of the main body 31, and then enters through the bottom opening of the second flow channel 33 and spirals into the upper guide cover 12, and then is filtered and intercepted by the vent hole 613 of the filter cartridge 611 and the filter element in the interlayer, passes through the central hole of the partition plate 11 into the negative pressure chamber, and is finally discharged outwards;

[0046] In the initial stage of the vacuuming operation, the air compressor 63 starts to work, compressing the air flow into the high-pressure air storage tank 64 for storage, until the high-pressure air stored in the high-pressure air storage tank 64 reaches the maximum capacity;

[0047] In the cleaning mode, the exhaust fan 2 stops working, and the solenoid valve on the dust suction pipe 14 is closed, and the air path of the high-pressure gas storage tank 64 is opened, so that the high-pressure air is introduced into the tube cavity of the frame tube 652 through the shaft tube 651. Since a row of first air holes 653 and a row of second air holes 654 are respectively provided on the two vertical rod sections of the frame tube 652, wherein the first air holes 653 are radially arranged relative to the shaft tube 651, the high-pressure gas ejected from the first air holes 653 is directly sprayed outward toward the filter cartridge 611, and the first air holes 653 and the second air holes 654 maintain a certain angle, and the high-pressure gas ejected from the second air holes 654 is sprayed toward the partition 612 at a certain angle, and the reverse thrust of the partition 612 causes the air guide pipe 65 to be in the filter cartridge 611. 11 rotates inside, thereby being able to achieve comprehensive cleaning of the filter cartridge 611. Since the top opening of the second flow channel 33 is close to the inner edge of the bottom opening of the upper air guide cover 12, the cleaned tiny dust particles enter the bottom conical cavity of the guide component 3 through the second flow channel 33. Since the dust suction pipe 14 is closed, the tiny dust particles cannot flow back through the first flow channel 32, and the one-way valve on the ventilation pipe 15 is opened under the action of positive pressure, so that the airflow can only enter the dust exhaust pipe 55 through the bottom conduit of the guide component 3, and then be intercepted by the filter screen in the dust exhaust pipe 55, so that the large mass dust is collected in the dust receiving box 51 outside the dust exhaust pipe 55, and the tiny dust particles are collected in the dust exhaust pipe 55.

[0048] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dust collector for hydraulic generator brake, comprising a shell (1), wherein a partition (11) is provided inside the shell (1), wherein the partition (11) divides the internal space of the shell (1) into a negative pressure chamber and a dust collecting chamber below the negative pressure chamber, wherein a draught fan (2) for placing the negative pressure chamber in a negative pressure state during operation is provided at the top of the negative pressure chamber, wherein a dust suction pipe (14) for introducing dust generated during operation of the hydraulic generator brake into the dust collecting chamber is provided at one side of the bottom of the shell (1), wherein a dust collecting component (5) for collecting dust is provided at the bottom of the dust collecting chamber, wherein the bottom of the dust collecting component (5) is connected to a vent pipe (15) leading to the external atmosphere, wherein: An upper air guide cover (12) located below the partition (11) and a lower air guide cover (13) located below the dust collection pipe (14) are fixed in the shell (1). The lower air guide cover (13) is used to guide the dust with a larger mass directly to the dust receiving component (5). A guide component (3) is arranged between the upper air guide cover (12) and the lower air guide cover (13). Two rows of heat conduction plates (4) are arranged outside the guide component (3) for slowing down the flow rate of the airflow entering the dust collection pipe (14). The guide component (3) can allow the decelerated airflow to pass into the upper air guide cover (12) in a circuitous manner up and down. A central hole is opened on the partition (11). A cleaning component (6) is arranged outside the central hole for intercepting fine dust in the entering airflow. The cleaning component (6) can be self-cleaning, so that the fine dust is introduced into the dust receiving component (5) through the guide component (3) and is separated and collected from large particles of dust.

2. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flow guide component (3) comprises a main body (31). The upper and lower ends of the main body (31) are both conical and the middle part is cylindrical. The lower cone head of the main body (31) is a hollow structure. The bottom of the lower cone head of the main body (31) is connected to a conduit leading to the dust receiving component (5). The upper cone head and the middle part of the main body (31) are provided with a circle of first flow channels (32) and a circle of second flow channels (33). The first flow channels (32) are located in the outer circle and the second flow channels (33) are located in the inner circle. The first flow channels (32) and the second flow channels (33) are both spirally distributed along the axis of the flow guide component (3). The bottom of the upper flow guide cover (12) is sealed and combined with the upper cone head of the flow guide component (3), and the combined position is between the outer circle first flow channels (32) and the inner circle second flow channels (33).

3. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two rows of heat conducting plates (4) are respectively distributed obliquely on both sides of the flow guide component (3), and the two rows of heat conducting plates (4) are inclined in opposite directions, one row of the heat conducting plates (4) is attached to the outer surface of one side of the flow guide component (3), and the other row of the heat conducting plates (4) is attached to the outer surface of the other side of the flow guide component (3), and the two rows of the heat conducting plates (4) are alternately arranged along the length direction of the flow guide component (3).

4. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust cleaning component (6) comprises a filter element (61) for intercepting tiny dust particles in the air flow passing through the central hole of the partition (11), a support frame (62) fixed at the central hole of the partition (11), an air compressor (63) fixed below the support frame (62) for compressing air in a dust collection state, a high-pressure air storage tank (64) for storing the high-pressure air compressed by the air compressor (63), and an air guide pipe (65) for rotating and blowing the high-pressure air stored in the high-pressure air storage tank (64) toward the filter element (61) in a self-cleaning state.

5. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The filter element (61) comprises a filter cartridge (611) fixed to the bottom surface of the partition (11); the upper portion of the filter cartridge (611) is cylindrical and the lower portion is conical; the cylindrical portion of the filter cartridge (611) is provided with an interlayer, and a filter element is loaded in the interlayer; a plurality of evenly distributed spacers (612) are radially fixed to the cylindrical portion of the filter cartridge (611), and a portion of the spacers (612) is located outside the cylinder and another portion is located inside the cylinder; the cylindrical portion of the filter cartridge (611) is located between the lower air guide cover (13) and is provided with a vent hole (613) penetrating the interlayer.

6. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 4, characterized in that: The air guide pipe (65) comprises an axle tube (651), the axle tube (651) being rotatably connected to the high-pressure gas storage tank (64) via a rotary joint, a frame tube (652) being fixed to the lower end of the axle tube (651), and the frame tube (652) being in communication with the inner cavity of the high-pressure gas storage tank (64) via the axle tube (651), the frame tube (652) being a U-shaped structure formed by a hollow horizontal bar section and two vertical bar sections, the two vertical bar sections of the frame tube (652) each being provided with a row of first air holes (653) and a row of second air holes (654), the first air holes (653) being radially arranged relative to the axle tube (651), and the first air holes (653) and the second air holes (654) maintaining a certain angle.

7. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dust receiving component (5) comprises a dust receiving box (51), the top of the dust receiving box (51) is flexibly connected to a fixing frame (53) via a folding tube (52), the fixing frame (53) is fixed to the outside of the bottom opening of the lower air guide cover (13) via bolts, a mesh plate (54) is fixed to the inner side of the bottom of the dust receiving box (51), a dust exhaust pipe (55) is fixed at the center of the mesh plate (54), flanges (56) are provided at both the upper and lower ends of the dust exhaust pipe (55), the flange (56) at the upper end of the dust exhaust pipe (55) is fixed to the conduit at the lower end of the air guide component (3) via bolts, the flange (56) at the lower end of the dust exhaust pipe (55) is fixed to the ventilation pipe (15) via bolts, and a filter is provided in the dust exhaust pipe (55).

8. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The dust suction pipe (14) is provided with a solenoid valve, which is opened in a dust suction state and closed in a dust cleaning component (6) self-cleaning state.

9. A dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ventilation pipe (15) is provided with a one-way valve, which is closed in a negative pressure environment in the housing (1) and opened in a positive pressure environment.

10. A method for using a dust collector, according to the dust collector for braking a hydraulic generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process includes: In the dust collection state, the suction fan (2) works to generate a negative pressure environment in the negative pressure chamber above the partition (11). Under the action of the negative pressure, the dust generated when the hydraulic generator brake is working is introduced into the dust collection chamber through the dust collection pipe (14). Large dust particles with larger mass in the airflow are directly introduced into the dust receiving component (5) through the lower air guide cover (13) for collection, while the tiny dust moves upward with the action of the airflow, absorbs the heat in the airflow through the heat conduction plate (4) and dissipates it outward. The airflow decelerated by the two rows of heat conduction plates (4) enters the air guide component (3) and passes into the upper air guide cover (12) in a circuitous manner up and down, and the tiny particles in the airflow are intercepted by the dust cleaning component (6) outside the central hole of the partition (11); When the dust cleaning component (6) is in the self-cleaning state, the exhaust fan (2) does not work. When the dust cleaning component (6) works, the intercepted micro-particle dust is blown out under high-pressure airflow and introduced into the dust receiving component (5) through the guide component (3). The dust receiving component (5) distinguishes and collects the micro-particle dust from the large-particle dust.

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