Friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite machining and manufacturing device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a stirring friction coaxial additive and subtractive composite machining manufacturing device and method, and aims to solve the problems that an existing additive and subtractive composite technology generally adopts a machining scheme of first additive and then subtractive, equipment is complex, multiple machining procedures are needed, and the period is long. The friction stir additive manufacturing device comprises a friction stir additive manufacturing module, a material reducing module, a side wall supporting module, a static shaft sleeve and a fixing support, the friction stir additive manufacturing module comprises a stirring tool, a static shaft shoulder and a wire, and the stirring tool, the side wall supporting module and the static shaft shoulder are sequentially arranged from inside to outside; a wire enters a cutting part of the stirring tool through the static shaft shoulder and the side wall supporting module, the upper end of the static shaft shoulder is fixedly connected with the lower end of the static shaft sleeve, and the material reducing module is connected with the static shaft sleeve through a fixing support. And through the coaxial additive and subtractive composite machining technology, a more flexible and efficient preparation scheme is provided for preparation of functional, integrated and light-weight complex structural parts. The invention belongs to the field of friction stir additive manufacturing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of friction stir additive manufacturing, and specifically relates to a friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing and manufacturing device and method. Background Art

[0002] The aerospace manufacturing industry is not only an important manifestation of the country's manufacturing strength, but also an important support for national scientific and technological innovation, economic development, and national defense security. With the continuous development of aerospace technology, and the widespread promotion of emerging technologies such as additive manufacturing, the aerospace manufacturing industry is gradually entering a new era. Traditional mold manufacturing has a long manufacturing cycle, high cost, and extremely difficult to control deformation after forming. Additive manufacturing can print out physical models directly from design files, combining precise "shape control" and high-performance "controllability" to prepare complex structural components. Additive manufacturing technology provides unprecedented design freedom and manufacturing accuracy, allowing spacecraft components to not only have complex structures, but also perform excellent performance in extreme environments.

[0003] However, additively manufactured components usually have large interlayer gaps and surface unevenness problems, and poor surface accuracy. For some structural parts that require precise matching or smooth surfaces, they cannot meet the requirements. Subtractive processing technology is needed to further improve the surface finish. Simultaneous subtractive processing helps to remove material defects, stress concentrations or uneven tissues, thereby improving the overall mechanical properties and reliability of the component. However, the processing scheme of adding materials first and then subtracting materials increases the number of component processing steps, lengthens the processing cycle, increases time and labor costs, and has low production efficiency. The common additive and subtractive composite process is mostly for two spindles to work together. After the additive spindle completes the "printing" of the component, the subtractive spindle performs precision processing of the component, which places high demands on the design, function, stability and accuracy of the equipment.

[0004] The material in the friction stir solid phase additive process does not involve metal melting, but is directly deposited from "solid phase" to "solid phase", which makes it possible for the coaxialization of friction stir additive manufacturing technology and subtractive manufacturing technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem that the existing additive and subtractive composite process generally adopts a processing scheme of first adding materials and then subtracting materials, the equipment is complicated, the component processing steps are increased, the processing cycle is prolonged, the time and labor costs are increased, and the production efficiency is low, the present invention proposes a stir friction coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device and method.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above problems is:

[0007] The present invention discloses a friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing and manufacturing device, comprising a friction stir additive manufacturing module, a subtractive module, a side wall support module, a stationary sleeve and a fixed bracket. The friction stir additive manufacturing module comprises a stirring tool, a stationary shoulder and a wire. The stirring tool, the side wall support module and the stationary shoulder are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The wire enters the cutting part of the stirring tool through the stationary shoulder and the side wall support module. The upper end of the stationary shoulder is fixedly connected to the lower end of the stationary sleeve. The subtractive module is connected to the stationary sleeve through a fixed bracket.

[0008] Furthermore, the stirring tool comprises a clamping end, a cutting portion and a stirring needle, and the clamping end, the cutting portion and the stirring needle are sequentially connected into one piece from top to bottom.

[0009] Furthermore, the upper end of the stationary shoulder is fixedly connected to the stationary sleeve through a clamping plane, the lower end of the stationary shoulder is provided with a shoulder, the outer side wall of the stationary shoulder is provided with an external wire feeding hole, and the inner side wall is provided with an internal wire feeding hole, and the external wire feeding hole and the internal wire feeding hole are concentrically arranged.

[0010] Furthermore, the fixed bracket is an annular bracket, and four slide rails are arranged on its lower surface along the circumferential direction, each slide rail is connected to a material reduction module, and the outer wall of each slide rail is provided with gear teeth, and the inner wall is provided with a slide rail groove.

[0011] Furthermore, there are four subtractive modules, two of which are located on both sides of the front end additive layer of the stir friction additive manufacturing module; the other two subtractive modules are located on both sides of the rear end additive layer of the stir friction additive manufacturing module, each subtractive module is connected to a corresponding slide rail, and each subtractive module can reciprocate along the length direction of the slide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, each subtractive module includes a transmission device, a milling module and a driven gear. The transmission device, the driven gear and the milling module are detachably connected in sequence from top to bottom. The transmission device includes a slide block, a servo motor, a fixed seat, a rolling bearing and a support block. The slide block, the support block and the servo motor are installed on the fixed seat. The slide block is meshed with the gear teeth on the outer wall of the slide rail of the fixed bracket through gears. The support block is slidably connected to the slide rail groove on the inner wall of the slide rail. The output shaft of the servo motor is fixedly connected to the gear shaft of the slide block, and the servo motor drives the slide rail. The block moves circumferentially along the slide rail to ensure that the driven gear is meshed with the driving gear, while the material reduction module realizes horizontal circumferential movement; the inner ring of the rolling bearing is connected to the gear shaft of the driven gear and keeps rotating at the same time, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing is connected to the fixed seat and keeps stationary; the milling module includes a servo electric cylinder, a clamping sleeve and a milling cutter, the servo electric cylinder is installed at the lower end of the driven gear, and the internal piston rod of the servo electric cylinder is connected to the upper end of the clamping sleeve; the lower end of the clamping sleeve is connected to the milling cutter, and the servo electric cylinder controls the axial movement of the piston rod, thereby controlling the axial movement of the milling cutter.

[0013] Furthermore, the side wall support module includes a side wall support surface, two servo electric cylinders, a feeding part, and a support block. The two servo electric cylinders are arranged opposite to each other, the upper end of each servo electric cylinder is connected to the stationary shaft sleeve through a connecting piece, and the lower end of each servo electric cylinder is connected to the support block through a piston rod. The side wall of the support block is provided with a feeding part, and the lower end of the support block is provided with a side wall support surface.

[0014] Furthermore, there are two side wall support surfaces, which are arranged opposite to each other, and the inner wall of each side wall support surface is a horizontal plane.

[0015] Furthermore, the gap between the inner wall of the support block and the stationary shoulder is 0.1-0.2 mm; and the height of the side wall support surface is 4-5 times the thickness of the additive layer.

[0016] A friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

[0017] Step 1: When the additive process begins, the main shaft rotating part starts to work, controls the stirring tool to rotate at high speed, and the four driven gears rotate synchronously under the drive of the main shaft driving gear; the wire material continuously and uninterruptedly passes through the external wire feeding hole of the stationary shoulder, the feeding part of the side wall support module and the internal wire feeding hole of the stationary shoulder in turn, and then the wire material contacts the high-speed rotating cutting part and is sheared into small particles. Due to the high-speed relative movement between the high-speed rotating stirring tool and the non-rotating side wall of the stationary shoulder, the sheared wire material flows along the internal flow channel of the cutting part; when the thermoplasticized material flows to the bottom, it is deposited under the action of the stirring needle and the stationary shoulder to form a dense additive layer; when the height of the additive layer is greater than the sum of the side wall support surface size and the milling size of the milling cutter side wall, the servo electric cylinder of the side wall support module controls the side wall support surface to start moving down at a set rate, and the axial movement displacement is consistent with the rate of deposition of one layer of the additive layer; when the side wall support surface moves to the limited position of the stationary shoulder, it stops moving, and the additive layer width of the additive component is the distance between the two side wall support surfaces;

[0018] Step 2: When the side wall support surface is axially displaced to the preset position, the servo motor on the fixed seat of the subtractive module controls the movement of the slide block, thereby driving the milling module to move horizontally to both sides of the additive layer. At this time, the milling cutter does not contact the additive layer; then the electric cylinder piston rod of the milling module controls the clamping sleeve to move axially downward, that is, the milling cutter moves axially; when it moves to 0.1-0.2mm above the additive component substrate 5, the distance is kept unchanged, and then the servo motor on the fixed seat controls the slide block to move along the slide rail and then controls the milling cutter to move horizontally toward the additive layer to mill the additive component, and the milling depth is the required size of the actual component; then the subtractive module 2 follows the spindle additive path to perform subtractive processing of the component;

[0019] Step 3: After the additive process is completed, the spindle continues to move along the component travel trajectory to complete the subtractive processing of the remaining unmilled additive layer.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] 1. The present invention realizes additive manufacturing of components through the main shaft. The main shaft driving gear drives the driven gear of the subtractive module to rotate to realize subtractive manufacturing. The same main shaft can realize additive and subtractive composite processing, which reduces the requirements of the additive and subtractive composite processing technology for equipment. It can realize the functionalization, lightweight and integrated forming of complex structural parts, effectively improve the surface accuracy of additive components, and improve production efficiency;

[0022] 2. The present invention proposes a side wall support structure for the additive layer to constrain the material flow. This solves the problem of insufficient support during the subtractive process of the additive component. It reduces the space requirement and does not require additional equipment for support, thus reducing the complexity and cost of the equipment. The subtractive module can achieve axial and horizontal movement, the subtractive path is controllable, and the equipment has a higher degree of automation;

[0023] 3. The present invention has a wide range of applications and can be applied to the integrated forming and manufacturing of aluminum and aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, copper alloys, titanium alloys and composite materials, providing a more flexible and efficient solution for the manufacture of high-tech equipment in the field of aerospace manufacturing. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing and manufacturing device of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the friction stir additive module and the side wall support module of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the side wall support module of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the stationary shaft shoulder and the side wall support module of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the subtractive module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the fixed bracket and the material reduction module of the present invention.

[0030] Among them: 1-friction stir additive manufacturing module, 101-stirring tool, 102-stationary shoulder, 103-wire, 104-driving gear, 10101-clamping end, 10102-cutting part, 10103-stirring needle, 10201-clamping plane, 10202-shoulder, 10203-wire feeding hole, 2-subtractive module, 201-driven gear, 202-transmission device, 203-milling module, 20201-slide block, 20202-servo motor, 20203- Fixed seat, 20204-rolling bearing, 20205-driven gear shaft, 20206-support block, 20301-servo electric cylinder, 20302-clamping sleeve, 20303-milling cutter, 20304-piston rod, 3-side wall support module, 301-side wall support surface, 302-servo electric cylinder, 303-feeding part, 304-connecting part, 305-support block, 30201-piston rod, 4-stationary shaft sleeve, 5-fixed bracket, 501-slide rail, 502-slide rail groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Specific implementation method 1: This implementation method describes a friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing and manufacturing device, such as Figure 1 As shown, the device comprises a friction stir additive manufacturing module 1, a subtractive module 2, a side wall support module 3, a stationary sleeve 4 and a fixed bracket 5. The friction stir additive manufacturing module 1 comprises a stirring tool 101, a stationary shoulder 102 and a wire 103. The stirring tool 101, the side wall support module 3 and the stationary shoulder 102 are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside. The wire 103 enters the cutting part of the stirring tool 101 through the external wire feeding hole 10203 of the stationary shoulder 102, the feeding part 303 of the side wall support module 3 and the internal wire feeding hole 10204 in sequence. The upper end of the stationary shoulder 102 is fixedly connected to the lower end of the stationary sleeve 4. The subtractive module 2 is connected to the stationary sleeve 4 through the fixed bracket 5, and the stationary sleeve 4 is connected to the non-rotating part of the main shaft. A driving gear 104 is connected to the rotating part of the main shaft, which rotates with the main shaft to drive the driven gear in the subtractive module 2 to rotate.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the stirring tool 101 includes a clamping end 10101, a cutting portion 10102 and a stirring needle 10103, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The stirring tool clamping end 10101 is connected to the main shaft rotating portion by a fastening screw.

[0033] The cutting part 10102 is used to deliver the wire to the rear cutting part, and then the wire 103 is sheared into small particles, and moves along the internal flow channel of the cutting part to the bottom of the stirring needle 10103, and is deposited under the stirring action of the stirring needle 10103 and the extrusion of the end face 10202 of the static shoulder. The gap between the stirring tool 101 and the static shoulder 102 is 0.1-0.2mm. The main shaft rotating part is connected with a driving gear 104, which rotates with the main shaft to drive the driven gear 201 in the material reduction module 2 to rotate. The screw groove spacing of the cutting part 10102 is 2-3 times the diameter of the wire. The stirring needle 10103 is located at the bottom end face of the stirring tool, and the stirring needles are symmetrically distributed, with a number of 2-4. The hardness and melting point of the stirring needle 10103 are higher than the hardness and melting point of the deposited material. The material of the stirring needle 10103 includes but is not limited to cemented carbide steel, tool steel and mold steel.

[0034] like Figure 2 As shown, the upper end of the stationary shoulder 102 is connected to the stationary sleeve 4 by bolts through the clamping plane 10201, the lower end of the stationary shoulder 102 is provided with a shoulder 10202, the outer side wall of the stationary shoulder 102 is provided with an external wire feeding hole 10203, the inner side wall is provided with an internal wire feeding hole 10204, and the external wire feeding hole 10203 and the internal wire feeding hole 10204 are concentrically arranged. The wire feeding hole 10203 is the feeding position of the wire 103, and the shoulder 10202 can restrict the flow of material to ensure material deposition.

[0035] like Figure 6 As shown, the fixed bracket 5 is an annular bracket, and four slide rails 501 are arranged on its lower surface along the circumferential direction. Each slide rail 501 is connected to a material reduction module 2. The outer wall of each slide rail 501 is provided with gear teeth, and the inner wall is provided with a slide rail groove 502.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, there are four subtractive modules 2, two of which are located on both sides of the front end additive layer of the stir friction additive manufacturing module 1; the other two subtractive modules 2 are located on both sides of the rear end additive layer of the stir friction additive manufacturing module 1, each subtractive module 2 is connected to a corresponding slide rail 501, and each subtractive module 2 can reciprocate along the length direction of the slide rail 501.

[0037] like Figure 5As shown, each subtractive module 2 includes a transmission device 202, a milling module 203 and a driven gear 201. The transmission device 202, the driven gear 201 and the milling module 203 are detachably connected from top to bottom. The transmission device 202 includes a slide block 20201, a servo motor 20202, a fixed seat 20203, a rolling bearing 20204 and a support block 20206. The fixed seat 20203 is equipped with a slide block 20201, a support block 20206 and a servo motor 20202. The slide block 20201 is meshed with the gear teeth on the outer wall of the fixed bracket slide 501 through gear meshing. The support block 20206 is slidably connected with the slide groove 502 on the inner wall of the slide rail. The output shaft of the servo motor 20202 is fixedly connected to the gear shaft 20205 of the slide block 20201. The servo motor 20202 drives the slide block 202 01 moves circumferentially along the slide rail 501 to ensure that the driven gear 201 is meshed with the driving gear 104, while the material reduction module 2 realizes horizontal circumferential movement; the inner ring of the rolling bearing 20204 is connected to the gear shaft 20205 of the driven gear 201 to keep rotating at the same time, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing 20204 is connected to the fixed seat 20203 to keep stationary; the milling module 203 includes a servo electric cylinder 20301, a clamping sleeve 20302 and a milling cutter 20303, the servo electric cylinder 20301 is installed at the lower end of the driven gear 201, and the internal piston rod 20304 of the servo electric cylinder 20301 is connected to the upper end of the clamping sleeve 20302; the lower end of the clamping sleeve 20302 is connected to the milling cutter 20303 by a fastening screw, and the servo electric cylinder 20301 controls the axial movement of the piston rod 20304, thereby controlling the axial movement of the milling cutter 20303. The milling cutter 20303 is composed of a clamping end and a cutting end. The diameter of the cutting end is larger than the diameter of the clamping end, which can ensure that only the lower end material of the additive component is milled during the material reduction process. The hardness and melting point of the cutter teeth are higher than the hardness and melting point of the wire to be fed. The wire includes aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy and composite materials.

[0038] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the side wall support module 3 includes a side wall support surface 301, two servo electric cylinders 302, a feeding part 303, a connecting piece 304, and a support block 305. The two servo electric cylinders 302 are arranged opposite to each other. The upper end of each servo electric cylinder 302 is connected to the side wall of the stationary shaft sleeve 4 by bolts through the connecting piece 304, and the lower end of each servo electric cylinder 302 is connected to the support block 305 through a piston rod 30201. The side wall of the support block 305 is provided with a feeding part 303, and the lower end of the support block 305 is provided with a side wall support surface 301.

[0039] There are two side wall support surfaces 301, which are arranged opposite to each other, and the inner wall of each side wall support surface 301 is a horizontal surface. The side wall support surface 301 has a restraining effect on the side wall material of the additive layer and restricts the flow of the material. The additive process selects displacement control to ensure that the friction between the deposited material and the side wall support surface 301 is greater than the deposition pressure brought by the additive tool. Even if the bottom material of the additive component is cut during the additive process, the additive layer will not collapse. The gap between the inner wall of the support block 305 and the stationary shoulder 102 is 0.1-0.2mm; the height of the side wall support surface 301 is 4-5 times the thickness of the additive layer. The servo electric cylinder 302 can control the axial movement of the piston rod 30201 and then control the axial movement of the side wall support surface 301. The height of the feeding part 303 is consistent with the height of the side wall support surface 301, ensuring that the wire can be fed normally when the side wall support module moves axially. The threaded hole 304 on the side wall support module 3 is connected to the stationary sleeve 4 by bolts, and the relative position remains unchanged during the additive process. The side wall support surface 301 has a restraining effect on the side wall material of the additive layer, limiting the flow of material. The additive process selects displacement control to ensure that the friction between the deposited material and the side wall support surface 301 is greater than the deposition pressure caused by the additive tool. Even if the bottom material of the additive component is cut during the additive process, the additive layer will not collapse.

[0040] Specific implementation method 2: The friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing method described in this implementation method is carried out through the following steps:

[0041] Step 1: At the beginning of the additive process, the main shaft rotating part starts working, controls the stirring tool 101 to rotate at a high speed, and the four driven gears 201 rotate synchronously under the drive of the main shaft driving gear 104; the wire 103 continuously and uninterruptedly passes through the external wire feeding hole 10203 of the stationary shoulder, the feeding part 303 of the side wall support module 3 and the internal wire feeding hole 10204 of the stationary shoulder, and then the wire 103 contacts the high-speed rotating cutting part 10102 and is sheared into small particles. Due to the high-speed relative motion between the high-speed rotating stirring tool 101 and the non-rotating side wall of the stationary shoulder 102, the sheared wire 103 moves along the cutting part 10102. 0102 internal flow channel; when the hot plasticized material flows to the bottom, it is deposited under the action of the stirring needle 10103 and the stationary shoulder 10202 to form a dense additive layer; when the height of the additive layer is greater than the sum of the size of the side wall support surface 301 and the milling size of the side wall of the milling cutter, the servo electric cylinder 302 of the side wall support module 3 controls the side wall support surface 301 to start moving downward at a set rate, and the axial movement displacement is consistent with the rate of deposition of one layer of the additive layer; when the side wall support surface 301 moves to the limited position of the stationary shoulder 102, it stops moving, and at this time the additive layer width of the additive component is the distance between the two side wall support surfaces 301;

[0042] Step 2, when the side wall support surface 301 is axially displaced to the preset position, the servo motor 20202 on the fixed seat 20203 of the subtractive module 2 controls the slide block 20201 to move, thereby driving the milling module 203 to move horizontally to both sides of the additive layer, at which time the milling cutter 20303 does not contact the additive layer; then the electric cylinder piston rod 20304 of the milling module 203 controls the clamping sleeve 2302 to move axially downward, that is, the milling cutter 20303 moves axially; when it moves to 0.1-0.2mm above the additive component substrate 5, the distance is kept unchanged, and then the servo motor 20202 on the fixed seat 20203 controls the slide block 20201 to move along the slide rail 501 and then controls the milling cutter 20303 to move horizontally toward the additive layer to mill the additive component, and the milling depth is the required size of the actual component; then the subtractive module 2 follows the spindle additive path to perform subtractive processing of the component;

[0043] Step 3: After the additive process is completed, the spindle continues to move along the component travel trajectory to complete the subtractive processing of the remaining unmilled additive layer.

[0044] This implementation can reduce the requirements of additive and subtractive composite processing technology for equipment complexity. The additive process and the subtractive process are carried out simultaneously, realizing the direct manufacturing of integrated, lightweight and multi-structured complex metal parts to meet a wider range of application needs.

[0045] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technician familiar with this profession can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement made to the above embodiments without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, based on the technical essence of the present invention, within the spirit and principles of the present invention, still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device, characterized in that: The device comprises a friction stir additive manufacturing module (1), a material reduction module (2), a side wall support module (3), a stationary shaft sleeve (4) and a fixed support (5); the friction stir additive manufacturing module (1) comprises a stirring tool (101), a stationary shaft shoulder (102) and a wire (103); the stirring tool (101), the side wall support module (3) and the stationary shaft shoulder (102) are arranged in sequence from the inside to the outside; the wire (103) enters the cutting portion of the stirring tool (101) through the stationary shaft shoulder (102) and the side wall support module (3); the upper end of the stationary shaft shoulder (102) is fixedly connected to the lower end of the stationary shaft sleeve (4); and the material reduction module (2) is connected to the stationary shaft sleeve (4) via the fixed support (5).

2. A friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring tool (101) comprises a clamping end (10101), a cutting portion (10102) and a stirring needle (10103), and the clamping end (10101), the cutting portion (10102) and the stirring needle (10103) are sequentially connected from top to bottom into one body.

3. A friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The upper end of the stationary shoulder (102) is fixedly connected to the stationary sleeve (4) via a clamping plane (10201); the lower end of the stationary shoulder (102) is provided with a shoulder (10202); the outer side wall of the stationary shoulder (102) is provided with an external wire feeding hole (10203); the inner side wall is provided with an internal wire feeding hole (10204); the external wire feeding hole (10203) and the internal wire feeding hole (10204) are concentrically arranged.

4. The friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed bracket (5) is an annular bracket, and four slide rails (501) are arranged on its lower surface along the circumferential direction, each slide rail (501) is connected to a material reduction module (2), and each slide rail (501) has gear teeth on its outer wall and a slide rail groove (502) on its inner wall.

5. The friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: There are four subtractive modules (2), two of which are located on both sides of the front end additive layer of the stir friction additive manufacturing module (1); the other two subtractive modules (2) are located on both sides of the rear end additive layer of the stir friction additive manufacturing module (1), each subtractive module (2) is connected to a corresponding slide rail (501), and each subtractive module (2) can reciprocate along the length direction of the slide rail (501).

6. The friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each subtractive module (2) comprises a transmission device (202), a milling module (203) and a driven gear (201), wherein the transmission device (202), the driven gear (201) and the milling module (203) are detachably connected in sequence from top to bottom, and the transmission device (202) comprises a slide block (20201), a servo motor (20202), a fixed seat (20203), a rolling bearing (20204) and a support block (20206), wherein the fixed seat A slide block (20201), a support block (20206) and a servo motor (20202) are installed on (20203); the slide block (20201) is meshed with the gear teeth on the outer wall of the fixed bracket slide rail (501) through gears; the support block (20206) is slidably connected to the slide rail groove (502) on the inner wall of the slide rail; the output shaft of the servo motor (20202) is connected to the gear shaft (20205) of the slide block (20201) The servo motor (20202) drives the slide block (20201) to move circumferentially along the slide rail (501); the inner ring of the rolling bearing (20204) is connected to the gear shaft (20205) of the driven gear (201) to keep rotating simultaneously, and the outer ring of the rolling bearing (20204) is connected to the fixed seat (20203) to keep stationary; the milling module (203) includes a servo electric cylinder (20301), a clamping sleeve (20302) and a milling cutter (20303), the servo electric cylinder (20301) is installed at the lower end of the driven gear (201), the piston rod (20304) inside the servo electric cylinder (20301) is connected to the upper end of the clamping sleeve (20302); the lower end of the clamping sleeve (20302) is connected to the milling cutter (20303), and the servo electric cylinder (20301) controls the axial movement of the piston rod (20304), thereby controlling the axial movement of the milling cutter (20303).

7. The friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall support module (3) comprises a side wall support surface 301, two servo electric cylinders (302), a feeding portion (303), and a support block (305). The two servo electric cylinders (302) are arranged opposite to each other, the upper end of each servo electric cylinder (302) is connected to the stationary shaft sleeve (4) through a connecting piece (304), the lower end of each servo electric cylinder (302) is connected to the support block (305) through a piston rod (30201), the side wall of the support block (305) is provided with a feeding portion (303), and the lower end of the support block (305) is provided with a side wall support surface (301).

8. The friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: There are two side wall support surfaces (301), the two side wall support surfaces (301) are arranged opposite to each other, and the inner wall of each side wall support surface (301) is a horizontal surface.

9. The friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing manufacturing device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The gap between the inner wall of the support block (305) and the stationary shaft shoulder (102) is 0.1-0.2 mm; the height of the side wall support surface (301) is 4-5 times the thickness of the additive layer.

10. A friction stir coaxial additive and subtractive composite processing method, characterized in that: The manufacturing method is carried out by the following steps: Step 1: When the additive process begins, the main shaft rotating part starts working, controls the stirring tool 101 to rotate at a high speed, and the four driven gears 201 rotate synchronously under the drive of the main shaft driving gear (104); the wire (103) continuously and uninterruptedly passes through the external wire feeding hole (10203) of the stationary shoulder, the feeding part (303) of the side wall support module (3) and the internal wire feeding hole (10204) of the stationary shoulder, and then the wire (103) contacts the high-speed rotating cutting part (10102) and is sheared into small particles. Due to the high-speed relative motion between the high-speed rotating stirring tool (101) and the non-rotating side wall of the stationary shoulder (102), the sheared wire (103) moves along the cutting part. (10102) internal flow channel; when the hot plasticized material flows to the bottom, it is deposited under the action of the stirring needle (10103) and the stationary shoulder (10202) to form a dense additive layer; when the height of the additive layer is greater than the sum of the size of the side wall support surface (301) and the milling size of the side wall of the milling cutter, the servo electric cylinder (302) of the side wall support module (3) controls the side wall support surface (301) to start moving downward at a set rate, and the axial movement displacement is consistent with the rate of deposition of one layer of the additive layer; when the side wall support surface (301) moves to the limited position of the stationary shoulder (102), it stops moving, and at this time the additive layer width of the additive component is the distance between the two side wall support surfaces (301); Step 2: When the side wall support surface (301) is axially displaced to a preset position, the servo motor (20202) on the fixed seat (20203) of the subtractive module (2) controls the slide block (20201) to move, thereby driving the milling module (203) to move horizontally to both sides of the additive layer. At this time, the milling cutter (20303) does not contact the additive layer; then the electric cylinder piston rod (20304) of the milling module (203) controls the clamping sleeve (2302) to move axially downward, that is, the milling cutter (20303) is moved downward. 0303) axially moves; when it moves to 0.1-0.2 mm above the additive component substrate (5), the distance is kept unchanged, and then the servo motor (20202) on the fixed seat (20203) controls the slide block (20201) to move along the slide rail (501) and then controls the milling cutter (20303) to move horizontally toward the additive layer to perform milling of the additive component, and the milling depth is the required size of the actual component; then the subtractive module (2) follows the spindle additive path to perform subtractive processing of the component; Step 3: After the additive process is completed, the spindle continues to move along the component travel trajectory to complete the subtractive processing of the remaining unmilled additive layer.

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