Efficient single-screw extrusion device

Abstract

The invention discloses an efficient single-screw extrusion device which comprises a machine barrel, an extrusion screw, a motor and a temperature control assembly, the extrusion screw comprises a rod body extending front and back and a main thread spirally extending along the rod body, the length-diameter ratio of the extrusion screw is 38: 1, and the rod body sequentially comprises a feeding section, a separation section, a homogenization section, a barrier section and a mixing section from front to back. The main thread is arranged on the feeding section, the separating section and the homogenizing section, the main thread forms a first material groove with the spiral groove volume gradually reduced from front to back on the separating section, and the separating section comprises a second material groove which is formed in the main thread and has the spiral groove volume gradually increased; the barrier section comprises a plurality of feeding grooves and a plurality of discharging grooves which spirally extend along the rod body; the mixing section comprises a plurality of mixing parts which are sequentially arranged from front to back; according to the extrusion device, the extrusion yield of the extrusion device is increased through the specially-made extrusion screw so as to meet the high-yield requirement of existing PP sheets; and the extrusion screw rod is matched with the temperature control assembly on the machine barrel, so that the materials are fully plasticized, and the plasticizing effect of the materials is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of plastic production equipment, and in particular to a high-efficiency single-screw extruder. Background Art

[0002] At present, the extruder used for the production of PP materials adopts a traditional screw with a length-to-diameter ratio of 33:1. The traditional screw has low material consumption and low output, which cannot meet the existing production demand for PP products. In addition, the temperature control effect of the traditional extruder is poor, which affects the plasticization effect of the material, easily generates waste, and affects the quality and production efficiency of the final product. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this application is to provide a high-efficiency single-screw extruder.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme: a high-efficiency single-screw extruder, comprising: a barrel, an extrusion screw rotatably and coaxially inserted in the barrel, a motor driving the extrusion screw to rotate, and a temperature control component arranged on the barrel, the extrusion screw comprising a rod body extending in the front-to-back direction and a main thread extending spirally along the rod body, the aspect ratio of the extrusion screw is 38:1, the rod body is composed of: a feeding section, a separation section, a homogenizing section, a barrier section and a mixing section from front to back, the main thread is arranged in the feeding section, the separation section and the homogenizing section, and the bottom diameter of the separation section gradually increases from front to back The main thread forms a first material groove in the separation section, and the screw groove volume gradually decreases from front to back. The separation section includes a second material groove opened on the main thread, and the screw groove volume of the second material groove gradually increases from front to back; the barrier section includes a plurality of feed grooves and a plurality of discharge grooves extending along the spiral of the rod body, and the plurality of feed grooves and the plurality of discharge grooves are alternately arranged along the circumference of the rod body; the mixing section includes a plurality of mixing parts arranged in sequence from front to back, and each of the mixing parts includes a plurality of square pins arranged in sequence along the circumference of the rod body, and each of the square pins protrudes outward radially along the rod body.

[0005] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the bottom diameter of the front end of the feed section is smaller than the bottom diameter of the rear end of the feed section, and the lead of the main thread in the front half of the feed section is smaller than the lead in the rear half of the feed section.

[0006] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the second material trough divides the main thread into a main ridge and a secondary ridge extending spirally along the rod body, the main ridge and the secondary ridge are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the rod body, the lead of the main ridge is uniform and unchanged from front to back, the lead of at least part of the secondary ridge gradually increases from front to back, the lead of the secondary ridge is greater than or equal to the lead of the main ridge, and the lead of the main ridge is greater than the lead of the main thread in the feeding section.

[0007] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the depth of the first material trough gradually decreases from front to back, and the depth of the second material trough gradually increases from front to back.

[0008] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the lead of the main thread in the homogenizing section is uniform from front to back, and the lead of the main thread in the homogenizing section is equal to the lead of the main thread in the first half of the feeding section.

[0009] In the above technical scheme, it is further preferred that the front end portion of each of the feed troughs is located in front of the front end portion of each of the discharge troughs, the rear end portion of each of the feed troughs is located in front of the rear end portion of each of the discharge troughs, the depth of each of the feed troughs gradually decreases from front to back, and the depth of each of the discharge troughs gradually increases from front to back.

[0010] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the plurality of feed troughs and the plurality of discharge troughs have the same rotation direction and are parallel, and each of the feed troughs has an angle with the axis of the rod body.

[0011] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the temperature control component includes a plurality of heating components, a plurality of cooling components, a plurality of temperature detection components and a control system connected to the signals of the plurality of heating components, the plurality of cooling components and the plurality of temperature detection components, the barrel is divided into a plurality of areas from front to back, each of the areas is configured with a heating component, a cooling component and a temperature detection component, the temperature detection component is used to detect the temperature of the corresponding area, and the control system is configured to control the operation of the corresponding heating component and the corresponding cooling component according to the detection result of the temperature detection component.

[0012] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the heating component is a ceramic heating coil.

[0013] In the above technical solution, it is further preferred that the cooling component is an air-cooled motor.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present application improves the extrusion output of the extrusion device through a specially made extrusion screw to meet the current high-output demand for PP sheets; the extrusion screw cooperates with the temperature control component on the barrel to effectively control the process temperature of the material, so that the material is fully plasticized and the plasticization effect of the material is improved, thereby improving the quality of the final product. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A front view of a high-efficiency single-screw extruder provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the extrusion device in FIG. Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the extrusion screw; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the separation section in FIG. Figure 5 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the barrier segment in FIG. Figure 6 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mixing section.

[0016] Wherein: 100, extrusion device; 10, barrel; 20, extrusion screw; 1, rod body; 11, feed section; 111, first section; 112, second section; 113, third section; 12, separation section; 13, homogenization section; 14, barrier section; 15, mixing section; 2, main thread; 21, main edge; 22, secondary edge; 3, first trough; 4, second trough; 5, feed trough; 6, discharge trough; 7, barrier part; 8, mixing part; 81, square pin; 91, heating component; 92, cooling component; 30, motor; 40, temperature control component; 50, storage hopper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] To describe the technical content, structural features, achieved purpose and effect of the application in detail, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all of the embodiments. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a detailed description of various exemplary embodiments or implementations of the invention. However, various exemplary embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details or in the case of one or more equivalent arrangements. In addition, various exemplary embodiments may be different, but not necessarily exclusive. For example, without departing from the inventive concept, the specific shape, structure and characteristics of the exemplary embodiment may be used or implemented in another exemplary embodiment.

[0018] In the following, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of this application, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0019] The “front” and “back” mentioned in this application are as follows: Figure 1 Before and after shown.

[0020] In the present application, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the term "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium.

[0021] The present application embodiment provides a high-efficiency single-screw extruder, such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown, the extrusion device 100 includes a barrel 10, an extrusion screw 20 rotatably and coaxially arranged in the barrel 10, a motor 30 driving the extrusion screw 20 to rotate, and a temperature control component 40 arranged on the barrel 10. The extrusion screw 20 rotates under the drive of the motor 30 to shear and plasticize the material in the barrel 10. The temperature control component 40 is used to control the temperature of the barrel 10 so that the material in the barrel reaches the required process temperature to avoid overheating and burning of the material or insufficient plasticization due to insufficient temperature.

[0022] like Figure 3 As shown, the extrusion screw 20 includes a rod body 1 extending in the front-to-back direction and a main thread 2 spirally extending along the rod body 1. The aspect ratio of the extrusion screw 20 is 38:1. Compared with the traditional extrusion screw with a aspect ratio of 33:1, the extrusion screw of the present application has sufficient length for sufficient plasticization of the material, and the smaller bottom diameter increases the material intake and extrusion output of the extrusion screw.

[0023] The rod body 1 is composed of a feeding section 11, a separation section 12, a homogenizing section 13, a barrier section 14 and a mixing section 15 from front to back, and the main threads 2 are arranged in the feeding section 11, the separation section 12 and the homogenizing section 13 with a constant bottom diameter from front to back.

[0024] The feed section 11 includes a first section 111, a second section 112 and a third section 113 with different bottom diameters. The first section 111, the second section 112 and the third section 113 are arranged in sequence from front to back. The bottom diameter of the second section 112 gradually increases from front to back. The bottom diameter of the first section 111 is constant from front to back and is equal to the minimum bottom diameter of the second section 112. The bottom diameter of the third section 113 is constant from front to back and is equal to the maximum bottom diameter of the second section 112. The lead of the main thread 2 in the first section 111 is equal to the lead of the second section 112, and the lead of the main thread 2 in the third section 113 is greater than the lead of the second section 112. The changes in the bottom diameter of the feed section 11 and the lead of the main thread 2 in the feed section 11 enable the material entering the extrusion screw 20 to be gradually compacted on the extrusion screw 20 in the feed section 11, thereby improving the material conveying capacity and material feeding capacity, effectively avoiding material overflow and overheating, and providing the final extrusion output.

[0025] like Figure 3 , 4 As shown, the main thread 2 forms a first material groove 3 in the separation section 12, and the screw groove volume gradually decreases from front to back. The separation section 12 includes a second material groove 4 opened on the main thread 2, and the screw groove volume of the second material groove 4 gradually increases from front to back. The second material groove 4 divides the main thread 2 into a main edge 21 and a secondary edge 22 extending spirally along the rod body 1, and the main edge 21 and the secondary edge 22 are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the rod body 1. The lead of the main edge 21 is equal and unchanged from front to back, and the lead of the secondary edge 22 gradually increases from front to back, and the lead of the secondary edge 22 is greater than or equal to the lead of the main edge 21, so that the width of the first material groove 3 gradually decreases from front to back, and the width of the second material groove 4 gradually increases from front to back; at the same time, the lead of the main edge 21 is greater than the lead of the main thread 2 in the feeding section 11, so as to improve the plasticization efficiency of the separation section 12 for the material. The bottom diameter of the separation section 12 gradually increases from front to back, so that the depth of the first material trough 3 gradually decreases from front to back, while the depth of the second material trough 4 gradually increases from front to back, thereby realizing that the screw groove volume of the first material trough 3 gradually decreases from front to back, and the screw groove volume of the second material trough 4 gradually increases from front to back; the outer diameter of the main edge 21 is greater than the outer diameter of the secondary edge 22, and the separation section 12 realizes violent shearing of the material through the height difference between the main edge 21 and the secondary edge 22, so that the material is heated, plasticized and melted in the separation section 12, and with the transportation of the main edge 21 and the secondary edge 22, more and more solid materials are heated to become molten materials, and the main edge 21 and the secondary edge 22 separate the solid and the melt into the first material trough 3 and the second material trough 4 respectively, and the melt material becomes more and more, and the solid material becomes less and less. The changes in the screw groove volume of the first material trough 3 and the second material trough 4 are compounded with the changes in the material in the separation section 12.

[0026] The lead of the main thread 2 in the homogenizing section 13 is uniform and constant from front to back, and the lead of the main thread 2 in the homogenizing section 13 is equal to the lead of the main thread 2 in the second section 112 of the feeding section 11. The homogenizing section 13 is used to stabilize the material that is subjected to severe shearing in the separation section 12, so that the material pressure is stably conveyed to the barrier section 14.

[0027] like Figure 3 , 5 As shown, the barrier section 14 includes a plurality of feed troughs 5 and a plurality of discharge troughs 6 extending spirally along the rod body 1, the plurality of feed troughs 5 and the plurality of discharge troughs 6 are alternately arranged along the circumference of the rod body 1, and extend spirally along the rod body 1 with the same rotation direction, the feed troughs 5 and the discharge troughs 6 are parallel; the front end portion of each feed trough 5 is located at the front side of the front end portion of each discharge trough 6, the rear end portion of each feed trough 5 is located at the front side of the rear end portion of each discharge trough 6, and the depth of each feed trough 5 gradually decreases from front to back, and the depth of each discharge trough 6 gradually increases from front to back.

[0028] There is a barrier portion 7 between each feed trough 5 and the downstream adjacent discharge trough 6. During the rotation of the extrusion screw 20, the material entering the feed trough 5 passes over the barrier portion 7 and enters the downstream discharge trough 6, and is transported to the mixing section 15 along the discharge trough 6; the material is plasticized again through the barrier portion 7 to improve the plasticizing effect of the extrusion screw 20.

[0029] The axis X between each feed trough 5 and the rod body 1 1 The feed trough 5 and the discharge trough 6 are inclined at an angle relative to the rod body 1 to improve the fluidity of the material and prevent the material from staying in the barrier section 14 for too long and being over-plasticized.

[0030] like Figure 3 , 6 As shown, the mixing section 15 includes a plurality of mixing parts 8 arranged sequentially from front to back, each mixing part 8 includes a plurality of square pins 81 arranged sequentially along the circumference of the rod body 1, each square pin 81 protrudes outward along the radial direction of the rod body 1, and the square pins 81 of the plurality of mixing parts 8 stir the materials in the mixing section 15 so that the materials are mixed evenly and release part of the heat to reduce the extrusion temperature.

[0031] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2The temperature control assembly 40 includes a plurality of heating components 91, a plurality of cooling components 92, a plurality of temperature detection components (not shown in the figure), and a control system (not shown in the figure) connected to the plurality of heating components 91, a plurality of cooling components 92 and a plurality of temperature detection components by signal. The barrel 10 is divided into a plurality of regions from front to back, and each region is provided with a heating component 91, a cooling component 92 and a temperature detection component. The temperature detection component is used to detect the temperature of the corresponding region, the heating component 91 is used to increase the temperature of the corresponding region, and the cooling component 92 is used to reduce the temperature of the corresponding region; the control system is configured to control the operation of the corresponding heating component 91 and the corresponding cooling component 92 according to the detection result of the temperature detection component; in the embodiment of the present application, the heating component 91 is a ceramic heating coil, and the cooling component 92 is an air-cooled motor.

[0032] A storage hopper 50 is provided at the feed port of the barrel 10, and the feed flow rate of the barrel 10 is controlled by the storage hopper 50 to avoid material bridging caused by too rapid feeding and affecting the plasticization of the material, and to avoid idling of the extrusion screw caused by too slow feeding. The storage hopper 50 is controlled at a suitable feeding speed, which effectively improves the extrusion efficiency and extrusion output of the extruder, saves energy and avoids material waste.

[0033] The present application improves the extrusion output of the extrusion device through a specially made extrusion screw to meet the current high-output demand for PP sheets; the extrusion screw cooperates with the temperature control component on the barrel to effectively control the process temperature of the material, so that the material is fully plasticized and the plasticization effect of the material is improved, thereby improving the quality of the final product.

[0034] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present application. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, the present application may have various changes and improvements, and the scope of protection required by the present application is defined by the attached claims, description and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder, include: The invention relates to a machine barrel, an extrusion screw rotatably and coaxially arranged in the machine barrel, a motor for driving the extrusion screw to rotate, and a temperature control component arranged on the machine barrel, wherein the extrusion screw comprises a rod body extending in the front-to-back direction and a main thread extending spirally along the rod body, the aspect ratio of the extrusion screw is 38:1, the rod body is sequentially divided into: a feeding section, a separation section, a homogenizing section, a barrier section and a mixing section from front to back, the main thread is arranged in the feeding section, the separation section and the homogenizing section, the bottom diameter of the separation section gradually increases from front to back, and the main thread is arranged in the separation section. A first material groove is formed, the screw groove volume of which gradually decreases from front to back, the separation section includes a second material groove opened on the main thread, and the screw groove volume of the second material groove gradually increases from front to back; the barrier section includes a plurality of feed grooves and a plurality of discharge grooves extending along the spiral of the rod body, and the plurality of feed grooves and the plurality of discharge grooves are alternately arranged along the circumference of the rod body; the mixing section includes a plurality of mixing parts arranged in sequence from front to back, each of the mixing parts includes a plurality of square pins arranged in sequence along the circumference of the rod body, and each of the square pins protrudes outward radially along the rod body.

2. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The bottom diameter of the front end of the feed section is smaller than the bottom diameter of the rear end of the feed section, and the lead of the main thread in the front half of the feed section is smaller than the lead in the rear half of the feed section.

3. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The second material trough divides the main thread into a main ridge and a secondary ridge extending spirally along the rod body, the main ridge and the secondary ridge are alternately arranged in the axial direction of the rod body, the lead of the main ridge is uniform and constant from front to back, the lead of at least part of the secondary ridges gradually increases from front to back, the lead of the secondary ridge is greater than or equal to the lead of the main ridge, and the lead of the main ridge is greater than the lead of the main thread in the feeding section.

4. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The depth of the first material trough gradually decreases from front to back, and the depth of the second material trough gradually increases from front to back.

5. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 3, It is characterized in that The lead of the main thread in the homogenizing section is uniform from front to back, and the lead of the main thread in the homogenizing section is equal to the lead of the main thread in the front half of the feeding section.

6. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The front end of each feed trough is located in front of the front end of each discharge trough, and the rear end of each feed trough is located in front of the rear end of each discharge trough. The depth of each feed trough gradually decreases from front to back, and the depth of each discharge trough gradually increases from front to back.

7. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The plurality of feed troughs and the plurality of discharge troughs have the same rotation direction and are parallel, and each of the feed troughs has an angle with the axis of the rod body.

8. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The temperature control assembly includes a plurality of heating components, a plurality of cooling components, a plurality of temperature detection components and a control system connected to the plurality of heating components, the plurality of cooling components and the plurality of temperature detection components by signal. The barrel is divided into a plurality of areas from front to back, each of the areas is provided with a heating component, a cooling component and a temperature detection component, the temperature detection component is used to detect the temperature of the corresponding area, and the control system is configured to control the operation of the corresponding heating component and the corresponding cooling component according to the detection result of the temperature detection component.

9. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The heating component is a ceramic heating coil.

10. A high-efficiency single-screw extruder according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The cooling component is an air-cooled motor.

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