Composite board for interior decoration of rail transit vehicle and preparation method of composite board

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite board for rail transit vehicle interiors and a preparation method of the composite board, and belongs to the technical field of basalt fiber materials. The invention solves the problems of high volatile organic compound content, heavy weight, poor environmental protection property and mechanical property and the like of the existing board for the interior of the rail transit vehicle. The basalt filament fibers and the bamboo fibers are used for preparing the basalt braided fabric, then the short-cut basalt fibers, the epoxy resin and the basalt braided fabric are mixed and subjected to hot press molding, the composite board is obtained, and the composite board is prepared by adjusting and controlling the dosage of the substances such as the basalt fiber braided fabric, the short-cut basalt fibers and the epoxy resin. The composite board provided by the invention can replace an existing material to be used as an interior trimming board for rail transit, realizes the low volatile organic compound content of the interior trimming board, is environment-friendly, is green and renewable in material, has the advantages of overall reduction of the weight of traffic equipment and no odor, and has the advantages of ecological friendliness and easiness in degradation and recovery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of basalt fiber materials, and specifically relates to a composite board for rail transit vehicle interior decoration and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Modern rail transit vehicle interior panels, such as the interior cabin, vehicle chassis, vehicle end partitions, vehicle roof and side walls, are mostly made of hemp fiber reinforced composite materials, glass fiber reinforced composite materials, rigid injection molding resin materials, glass fiber, ceramics, asbestos and phenolic resin and other foaming materials. These materials generally have industry pain points such as strong odor, high volatile organic compounds (VOC), environmental pollution and high weight, which not only affect the comfort of passengers, but also increase vehicle fuel consumption and limit the driving range. At the same time, the products will have a great impact on the environment after being discarded.

[0003] In response to the above problems, Chinese patent CN116834388A discloses a hybrid composite material structure suitable for rail transit vehicle interiors, which includes a glass fiber layer in the middle and carbon fiber layers at the bottom and top. Unsaturated polyester, phenolic resin or epoxy resin is used as the matrix material, and low-cost vacuum infusion process is used for molding. It can reduce the weight of the interior while saving costs and ensuring economy. However, the patent does not solve the problem of the strong odor of the composite materials used. In addition, with the development of the transportation industry, higher requirements are also placed on the mechanical properties and production costs of rail transit vehicle interior panels. Therefore, it is crucial for the development of the rail transit industry to develop a rail transit interior panel with low VOC, good lightweight effect, good mechanical properties, good environmental protection and low cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problems of high VOC, strong odor, high overall weight, poor environmental protection and mechanical properties of existing rail transit vehicle interior panels, the present invention provides a composite board for rail transit vehicle interior and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a composite plate for rail transit vehicle interior, comprising: (1) mixing basalt filament fibers and bamboo fibers in an internal mixer to obtain a mixed fiber material, and processing the mixed fiber material into a basalt fiber braid having a mesh structure; (2) Melting the epoxy resin and maintaining the pressure for a period of time to obtain an epoxy resin with a certain modulus; (3) The chopped basalt fiber is mixed with an epoxy resin of a certain modulus to obtain a mixture, and then the basalt fiber braid and the mixture are placed in a mold, and then silicon micropowder and polyamide curing agent are added in sequence. After thermosetting, the mixture is dried at room temperature and then demolded.

[0006] It is further defined that: (1) the mass ratio of basalt filament fiber to bamboo fiber is 1:(0.2~0.3).

[0007] It is further defined that (1) the basalt filament fiber has a diameter of 8-12 μm and a length of 180-240 cm.

[0008] It is further defined that: (1) the fineness of the medium bamboo fiber is 0.2~1.0Dtex.

[0009] It is further defined that the thickness of the basalt fiber braid in (1) is 0.3-0.6 cm.

[0010] It is further defined that the melting temperature in (2) is 120-140°C.

[0011] It is further defined that (3) the diameter of the medium-length chopped basalt short fibers is 4 to 8 μm and the length is 5 to 7 μm.

[0012] It is further defined that the modulus of the epoxy resin in (3) is 2.0~2.5.

[0013] It is further defined that the mass ratio of basalt fiber braid, chopped basalt fiber, silica powder, polyamide curing agent and epoxy resin in (3) is 1:1:(0.2~0.3):(0.03~0.05):(1~1.2).

[0014] It is further defined that the thermosetting molding temperature in (3) is 30-40°C and the time is 0.5-0.8h.

[0015] A second object of the present invention is to provide a composite panel for rail transit vehicle interiors prepared by the above method.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) The basalt fiber used in the present invention has good thermogravimetric stability below 500°C. It is a natural inorganic material with a wide range of sources and low prices, which reduces the production cost of rail transit interior panels and is conducive to large-scale industrial production and application. In addition, basalt fiber does not contain harmful substances, has no odor, is harmless to the environment and human health, and has the advantages of being eco-friendly and easy to degrade and recycle. On this basis, basalt fiber also has the characteristics of being lightweight. The composite board constructed with basalt fiber is not only low in VOC, but also has an overall weight reduction of 20-30%, which can replace the existing rail transit interior panels and achieve the purpose of green environmental protection.

[0017] (2) The bonding performance between the basalt fiber braid and the epoxy resin in the composite board of the present invention is good, so that the composite board will not be delaminated, broken, worn, etc. during long-term use as a rail transit interior panel.

[0018] (3) The composite board provided by the present invention has the advantages of low odor, low VOC, light weight, low cost and good environmental protection. Compared with the current carbon fiber materials on the market, the price is lower, which is conducive to the production and development of rail transit vehicle interior panels. In addition, the composite board provided by the present invention is easy to process and can be customized according to different models and needs. It can be applied to the floor, top plate, partition, wall panel, left and right side guard of the luggage compartment, luggage compartment cover assembly, luggage compartment front guard, luggage compartment cover carpet, door inner panel, seat back panel, vehicle support column guard plate, wheel cover, bottom guard plate and other exterior trims of the interior of rail transit vehicles, meeting the diverse needs of the market and having broad application prospects in the rail transit interior industry.

[0019] (4) In the present invention, the mass ratio of basalt fiber braid to epoxy resin is 1: (1-1.2). If the amount of basalt fiber braid is too low, the purpose of enhancing the mechanical properties of the composite board cannot be achieved. If the amount of basalt fiber braid is too high, the interface bonding strength between the braid and the epoxy resin is insufficient and the fiber distribution is uneven, which will cause the composite board to become brittle and the elastic modulus of the board to decrease. If the amount of epoxy resin is too low, the basalt fiber braid cannot be fully infiltrated, resulting in low interface bonding strength between the basalt braid and the epoxy resin, which in turn leads to low strength of the composite board, easy separation of the basalt fiber braid and the resin, and easy rupture of the board. When the amount of epoxy resin is too high, the volatile organic compound (VOC) content in the composite board is high and the board has a strong odor. Therefore, the mass ratio of fiber to epoxy resin is controlled to 1: (1-1.2) in the present invention. The composite board is prepared by using basalt fiber braid and epoxy resin within this range, which can ensure that the composite board has sufficient mechanical properties and avoid it from becoming too brittle. Moreover, the amount of epoxy resin within this range can fully infiltrate the basalt fiber braid, further improving the mechanical properties of the board, while avoiding excessive VOC, which can improve the mechanical properties of the composite board and ensure its environmental performance. In addition, the fineness of the bamboo fiber used in the present invention is 0.2-1.0 Dtex, and the bamboo fiber of this scale can be evenly mixed with the basalt fiber, which is beneficial to improving the mechanical properties of the composite board.

[0020] (5) The present invention melts the epoxy resin and maintains the pressure to obtain an epoxy resin with a modulus of 2.0-2.5. This is because when the epoxy resin is too low or too high, the composite board will have low strength or excessive rigidity and be brittle, both of which are not conducive to improving the mechanical properties of the composite board. Therefore, the present invention controls the modulus of the epoxy resin to 2.0-2.5 to ensure that the composite board has good mechanical properties.

[0021] (6) The present invention adds short-cut basalt fibers during the preparation of the composite board, which can not only improve the rigidity of the composite board, but also reduce the friction coefficient of the composite board, thereby making it easier to scrub the surface of the composite board. In addition, the addition of short-cut basalt fibers can also enhance the wear resistance of the composite board and extend the service life of the composite board. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a real photo of the basalt fiber braid of Example 1. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the specification. The specific implementation methods of the invention are described in detail.

[0024] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be employed. Other implementations different from those described herein can be performed by those skilled in the art without violating the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0025] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The term "in one embodiment" that appears in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0026] The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and instruments used are conventional materials, reagents, methods and instruments in the art unless otherwise specified, and can be obtained through commercial channels by those skilled in the art.

[0027] Example 1 (1) Basalt filament fibers with a diameter of 8-12 μm and a length of 180-240 cm and bamboo fibers with a fineness of 0.2-1.0 Dtex are mixed evenly in an internal mixer. The mass ratio of basalt filament fibers to bamboo fibers is 1:0.2. After mixing evenly, a mixed fiber material is obtained. The mixed fiber material is sent to a needle punching machine for processing. The working parameters of the needle punching machine are as follows: working width of 2500-8800 mm, stroke of 25-50 mm, needle punching frequency of 800-1200 times / min, production speed of 2.5-10 m / min, and needle density of 4000-8500 pieces / m. The fibers are punctured to form a tightly interwoven structure between the fibers to make a Figure 1 The basalt braid shown has a thickness of 0.3-0.6 cm; (2) Melt the epoxy resin E1 at 120°C and maintain the pressure at 3 MPa for 10 min to achieve a modulus of 2.0; (3) Chopped basalt fibers with a diameter of 4 to 8 μm and a length of 5 to 7 μm were mixed with epoxy resin E1 with a modulus of 2.0 to obtain a mixture. The basalt fiber braid was cut into a rectangle (2 m wide and 4 m long) for rail transit interior decoration, and placed in a mold together with epoxy resin E1 with a modulus of 2.0 and chopped basalt fibers. The mixture was allowed to soak into the surface of the basalt fiber braid. Then, silicon micropowder HGH-600 and polyamide curing agent 650 were added in sequence. The mass ratio of basalt fiber braid, chopped basalt fiber, silicon micropowder HGH-600, polyamide curing agent 650 and epoxy resin was 1:1:0.2:0.03:1. After curing at 35°C for 0.5 h, the mixture was dried at room temperature for 4 h, and then demolded to obtain a basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board with a width of 2 m, a length of 4 m and a thickness of 20 mm. The density of the composite board was 4463 g / m 3 .

[0028] The mechanical properties of the basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board prepared in this embodiment were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The VOC and quality of the basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board prepared in this embodiment were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0029] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of basalt fiber braid, chopped basalt fiber, silicon powder HGH-600, polyamide curing agent 650 and epoxy resin in this embodiment is 1:1:0.2:0.03:1.05, and the other process steps and parameter settings are the same as those in embodiment 1. The density of the composite board is 4969g / m 3 .

[0030] The mechanical properties of the basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board prepared in this embodiment were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The VOC and quality of the basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board prepared in this embodiment were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0031] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the mass ratio of basalt fiber braid, chopped basalt fiber, silicon powder HGH-600, polyamide curing agent 650 and epoxy resin in this embodiment is 1:1:0.2:0.03:1.1, and the other process steps and parameter settings are the same as those in embodiment 1. The density of the composite board is 5081g / m 3 .

[0032] The mechanical properties of the basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board prepared in this embodiment were tested, and the results are shown in Table 1. The VOC and quality of the basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board prepared in this embodiment were tested, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0033] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with Table 1, Table 2 and Examples 1 to 3: Table 1 Mechanical properties test results of basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite panels prepared in Implementation 1 to 3

[0034] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that the basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite panels prepared in Examples 1 to 3 have good mechanical properties, with a maximum tensile strength of 613.8 MPa and a maximum elastic modulus of 1186.2 GPa.

[0035] The basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and the PP / PET fiber resin material commonly used as rail transit interior panels on the market (purchased from Campbell Science and Technology (Shandong) Co., Ltd.) were tested for VOC and weighed using a high-precision VOC meter and a weighing instrument. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0036] Table 2 VOC test and quality measurement results of basalt fiber braid / epoxy resin composite board and PP / PET fiber resin material prepared in Examples 1 to 3

[0037] From the data in Table 2, it can be seen that compared with the PP / PET fiber resin material commonly used as rail transit interior panels on the market, the odor and weight of the basalt fiber / epoxy resin composite panels prepared in Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention are greatly reduced. The VOC test values ​​of the composite panels prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are all less than 3.0, and the weight is less than 1 kg. In addition, the basalt fibers used in Examples 1 to 3 are naturally degradable, while the fibers used in the PP / PET fiber resin material are not easily degraded and recycled, which further illustrates that the composite panels of the present invention are environmentally friendly and have good lightweight effects.

[0038] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a composite panel for rail transit vehicle interior, characterized in that: The method includes: (1) mixing basalt filament fibers and bamboo fibers in an internal mixer to obtain a mixed fiber material, and processing the mixed fiber material into a basalt fiber braid having a mesh structure; (2) Melting the epoxy resin and maintaining the pressure for a period of time to obtain an epoxy resin with a certain modulus; (3) The chopped basalt fiber is mixed with an epoxy resin of a certain modulus to obtain a mixture, and then the basalt fiber braid and the mixture are placed in a mold, and then silicon micropowder and polyamide curing agent are added in sequence. After thermosetting, the mixture is dried at room temperature and then demolded to obtain a composite board for rail transit interior.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (1) The mass ratio of basalt filament fiber to bamboo fiber is 1:(0.2~0.3).

3. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (1) The diameter of basalt filament fiber is 8~12μm and the length is 180~240cm; the fineness of bamboo fiber is 0.2~1.0Dtex.

4. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (1) The thickness of the basalt fiber braid is 0.3~0.6cm.

5. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (2) The melting temperature is 120~140℃.

6. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (3) The length of medium-short chopped basalt fibers is 5~7μm and the diameter is 4~8μm.

7. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (3) The modulus of medium epoxy resin is 2.0~2.

5.

8. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (3) The mass ratio of basalt fiber braid, chopped basalt fiber, silica powder, polyamide curing agent and epoxy resin is 1:1: (0.2~0.3): (0.03~0.05): (1~1.2).

9. The preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: (3) The thermosetting molding temperature is 30~40℃ and the time is 0.5~0.8h.

10. A composite panel for rail transit vehicle interior, characterized in that: The method is prepared by any one of claims 1 to 9.

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