Water taking device and water taking method for dam power generation diversion tunnel

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, and discloses a water taking device for a dam power generation diversion tunnel, which comprises a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the upper end of the water inlet pipe is a water taking port, and the lower end of the water inlet pipe is rotatably connected with a rotating shaft seat and communicated with the water outlet pipe; the water outlet pipe is communicated with the power generation diversion tunnel; the water inlet pipe is connected with a push rod which enables the water inlet pipe to rotate around the rotating shaft seat and is positioned at a water depth position; the other end of the push rod is connected with a driving unit controlled by a control system; and the height of the water intake is greater than that of the power generation diversion tunnel. The invention further discloses a water taking method for the dam power generation diversion tunnel. According to the method, the phenomenon of low-temperature water drainage in an existing high dam large stock can be improved, and adverse ecological influences are avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a water intake device and a water intake method for a dam power generation water diversion tunnel, belonging to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering. Background Art

[0002] After the traditional water-intake power station of the high dam and large reservoir was built, the water depth increased, the water area expanded, and the water flow slowed down, which changed the original energy exchange law between the water body and the atmosphere. The water temperature in the reservoir area was stratified along the depth, that is, the surface water temperature was higher, and the water temperature decreased as the water depth increased. Since the elevation of the water inlet is located at a fixed depth below the dead water level of the reservoir, only water within the fixed elevation range of the bottom can be taken. In spring and summer, the water temperature of the water body in the water intake layer is lower than that of the surface water body, resulting in the temperature of the downstream water being lower than that of the natural water. The lower temperature of the downstream water will have an adverse effect on agricultural and fishery production and fish reproduction and growth. For example, low temperature water may delay fish spawning and reproduction by 1 to 3 months. The long-term low temperature water environment will have an adverse effect on fish reproduction; when the downstream irrigation area uses the low temperature water discharged to irrigate crops, it will lead to a decrease in crop yields.

[0003] Therefore, in order to mitigate the adverse effects of low-temperature water on agriculture, fishery production and fish reproduction, it is urgent to propose a new way of water extraction to improve the above phenomenon. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the problem of adverse ecological impact caused by the low-temperature water phenomenon in high dams and large reservoirs, the present invention provides a water intake device and water intake method for a dam power generation water diversion tunnel, which can improve the condition of low-temperature water discharged from the reservoir and ensure that the surface high-temperature water at a fixed depth below the water intake surface is always used during the dynamic change of the reservoir water level.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A water intake device for a dam power generation water diversion tunnel comprises a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, wherein the upper end of the water inlet pipe is a water intake port, and the lower end of the water inlet pipe is rotatably connected to a rotary shaft seat and communicated with the water outlet pipe; the water outlet pipe is communicated with the power generation water diversion tunnel; the water inlet pipe is connected to a push rod which enables the water inlet pipe to rotate around the rotary shaft seat and be positioned at a water depth; the other end of the push rod is connected to a drive unit controlled by a control system; the height of the water intake port is higher than the height of the power generation water diversion tunnel.

[0007] Furthermore, the water intake device also includes a buoyancy box and a connecting device, the buoyancy box is arranged on the water surface, and one end of the connecting device is connected to the buoyancy box and the other end is connected to the water intake.

[0008] Furthermore, the buoyancy box is cylindrical, and the connecting device, water inlet pipe and water outlet pipe are all made of stainless steel.

[0009] Furthermore, the driving unit includes a motor and a base, the motor is mounted on the base and controlled by a control system, the motor is connected to the push rod, and the base is mounted on the top of the water inlet tower body.

[0010] Furthermore, the control system includes a water level monitoring system.

[0011] Furthermore, the water intake is connected to the water inlet pipe by a spherical sliding sleeve.

[0012] Furthermore, a grille dirt cover is installed at the front end of the water intake.

[0013] Furthermore, the lower end of the water inlet pipe is a water collecting pipe, which is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft seat and communicated with the water outlet pipe, and the water collecting pipe is made of stainless steel.

[0014] Furthermore, a seal is provided between the water outlet pipe and the power generation water diversion tunnel.

[0015] A method for taking water from a dam power generation diversion tunnel comprises the following steps:

[0016] The control system sends instructions to the drive unit;

[0017] The driving unit drives the push rod to extend and retract, driving the water inlet pipe to rotate around the rotating shaft seat.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] 1. The control system controls the driving unit to drive the push rod to extend and retract, driving the water inlet pipe to rotate around the rotating shaft seat, so that the water intake rises and falls with the water level; in this way, the present invention can automatically adapt to the change of the reservoir water level, take the surface high-temperature water at a fixed depth below the water surface, and the water temperature improvement effect is good.

[0020] 2. The present invention controls the extension and speed of the push rod through a pre-set program, so that the elevation of the water intake changes automatically with the water level. It does not require a complicated operation and control system, and is easy to operate and reliable.

[0021] 3. Compared with traditional front retaining walls, stacked beam doors and other technologies, the present invention has low construction cost, low operation and maintenance cost, good water intake effect, good promotion value and broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention when used to take water;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a top view schematic diagram of the present invention when used for water intake.

[0024] In the figure

[0025] 1. Floating tank; 2. Connecting device; 3. Water intake; 4. Water inlet pipe; 5. Water collecting pipe; 6. Rotating shaft seat; 7. Water outlet pipe; 8. Push rod; 9. Drive unit; 91. Motor; 92. Base; 10. Power generation water diversion tunnel; 11. Water inlet tower; 12. Rotating bearing; 13. Spherical sliding sleeve; 14. Seal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. For the convenience of description, if the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" appear in the following, they only indicate that the upper, lower, left and right directions are consistent with the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.

[0027] Embodiment 1

[0028] like Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, a new type of water intake device for improving the impact of low-temperature water discharge from a reservoir is connected to a dam power generation water diversion tunnel 10; the water intake device includes a buoyancy box 1, a connecting device 2, an inlet pipe 4, an outlet pipe 7, a rotating shaft seat 6, a push rod 8, a drive unit 9, and a control system, wherein the upper end of the inlet pipe 4 is a water intake 3, and the lower end is a water collecting pipe 5. The buoyancy box 1 is arranged on the water surface to provide buoyancy, balance the deadweight of the pipeline water intake 3, and facilitate the push rod 8 to push and adjust the position (the buoyancy of the buoyancy box 1 can realize random control of the elevation of the water intake 3 to ensure uniform water intake); the buoyancy box 1 adopts a cylindrical shape, so that the overall stability is better, the wind and wave resistance is stronger, and it is not easy to capsize, ensuring that the buoyancy box 1 always floats on the water surface. The connecting device 2 is made of stainless steel and is used to connect the buoyancy box 1 and the water intake 3. The water intake 3 is arranged at a water depth below the water surface and the height of the water intake 3 is higher than the height of the power generation water diversion tunnel 10. In this way, the device can take high-temperature surface water at a fixed depth below the water surface (neither water with too high a surface temperature nor water with too low a bottom temperature); the distance at which the water intake 3 is arranged below the pontoon 1 is greater than the minimum submergence depth of the pontoon 1. The water inlet pipe 4 and the water collecting pipe 5 can be arranged integrally, and the water inlet pipe 4 can rotate integrally with the water collecting pipe 5 around the bearing of the rotating shaft seat 6 (circumferentially move around the bearing to adjust the elevation of the water intake 3). The water outlet pipe 7 is connected to the power generation water diversion tunnel 10 at the bottom of the water inlet tower 11, and is used to introduce water in the water collecting pipe 5 into the power generation water diversion tunnel 10. The rotating shaft seat 6 is a bearing seat structure provided with a bearing, which is fixedly mounted at the bottom of the water inlet tower body 11 and is rotatably connected to the water collecting pipe 5; the rotating shaft seat 6 is used to support the water collecting pipe 5, so that the water collecting pipe 5 or the entire water intake 3 and the water inlet pipe 4 and the water collecting pipe 5 can rotate in a circle. One end of the push rod 8 is connected to the water inlet pipe 4, and the other end is connected to the driving unit 9 controlled by the control system; the push rod 8 can automatically extend and retract according to the change of the water level of the reservoir under the action of the driving unit 9 controlled by the control system, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to rotate around the rotating shaft seat 6; the push rod 8 can also position the water inlet pipe 4 at a water depth position, or the push rod 8 can also position the water intake 3 at a water depth position below the water surface. The control system includes a water level monitoring system; the water level signal of the reservoir is monitored by the water level monitoring system, and the control system controls the driving unit 9 to operate, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to rotate, thereby driving the water intake 3 to rise and fall. When the water level rises, the driving unit 9 controlled by the control system controls the push rod 8 to shorten, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to move upward in a circular motion, so that the water intake 3 rises in elevation; when the water level drops, the driving unit 9 controlled by the control system controls the push rod 8 to extend, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to move downward in a circular motion, so that the water intake 3 drops in elevation; when the water level does not change, the push rod 8 does not perform telescopic adjustment, and keeps the elevation of the water intake 3 unchanged. In this way, it can automatically adapt to changes in the water level of the reservoir, ensuring that the water intake 3 is always located at a certain depth below the water surface, and taking high-temperature surface water.

[0029] In this embodiment, the driving unit 9 includes a motor 91 and a base 92; wherein the motor 91 is rotatably mounted on the base 92 through a rotating bearing 12 and is controlled by a control system, and the motor 91 can control the extension and speed of the push rod 8 through a pre-set program; the base 92 is fixedly mounted on the top of the water inlet tower 11. One end of the push rod 8 is rotatably connected to the middle of the water inlet pipe 4 through a rotating bearing 12, and the other end is connected to the motor 91. In order to avoid water scouring and ensure the stability of the structure, the driving unit 9, i.e., the motor 91 and the base 92, must be connected above the water surface, i.e., connected to the top of the water inlet tower 11.

[0030] In this embodiment, the water inlet 3 is connected to the water inlet pipe 4 by a spherical sliding sleeve 13; the spherical sliding sleeve 13 ensures that the water inlet 3 and the water inlet pipe 4 can rotate freely, so that the water inlet 3 is always in a horizontal water intake position. A grille dirt shield is installed at the front end of the water inlet 3 to prevent debris from entering.

[0031] In this embodiment, a seal 14 is provided between the water outlet pipe 7 and the power generation water diversion tunnel 10 , and the seal 14 is used to prevent water leakage between the water inlet pipe 4 and the power generation water diversion tunnel 10 .

[0032] In this embodiment, the water inlet pipe 4, the water collecting pipe 5 and the water outlet pipe 7 are all made of stainless steel, and the water inlet pipe 4, the water collecting pipe 5, the water outlet pipe 7 and the rotating shaft seat 6 are all located underwater. Since the power generation water diversion tunnel 10 is located below the dead water level, the water collecting pipe 5 and the water outlet pipe 7 are also located below the dead water level; at the same time, when the water level is at the dead water level, the water intake 3 and the water inlet pipe 4 are also located below the dead water level.

[0033] In this embodiment, the operating water level range of the pontoon 1 is from the dead water level to the normal water storage level; when the reservoir water level is higher than the normal water storage level, the push rod 8 reaches the minimum length and cannot be shortened any further; when the reservoir water level is lower than the dead water level, the push rod 8 reaches the maximum length and cannot be extended any further.

[0034] The beneficial effect of this embodiment is that the control system controls the driving unit 9 to drive the push rod 8 to extend and retract, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to rotate around the rotating shaft seat 6, so that the water intake 3 rises and falls with the water level; in this way, the water intake device can automatically adapt to the changes in the water level of the reservoir, ensuring that the water intake 3 is always located at a fixed depth below the water surface, taking the surface high-temperature water, which can improve the low-temperature water discharged from the reservoir, and avoid irreversible adverse effects on agricultural and fishery production and fish reproduction and growth. Compared with traditional water intake measures such as stacked beam gates and front retaining walls to improve low-temperature water, this water intake device has a good water temperature improvement effect, does not require cumbersome operation and control systems, is easy to operate, reliable, low cost, and low operation and maintenance costs.

[0035] Embodiment 2

[0036] This embodiment provides a new water intake method to improve the impact of low-temperature water discharge from a reservoir, including the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: The control system sends instructions to the drive unit 9;

[0038] Step 2: The driving unit 9 drives the push rod 8 to extend and retract, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to rotate around the rotating shaft seat 6.

[0039] In this embodiment, in step 1, the water level signal of the reservoir is monitored by the water level monitoring system in the control system and fed back to the control system. After receiving the signal, the control system sends an instruction to control the driving unit 9. In step 2, after receiving the control instruction, the driving unit 9 drives the push rod 8 to extend and retract, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to rotate around the rotating shaft seat 6. When the water level rises, the control system controls the driving unit 9 to drive the push rod 8 to shorten at a preset rate, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to move upward in a circular motion, so that the elevation of the water intake 3 rises; when the water level drops, the control system controls the driving unit 9 to drive the push rod 8 to extend at a preset rate, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to move downward in a circular motion, so that the elevation of the water intake 3 drops; when the water level does not change, the push rod 8 does not perform telescopic adjustment, and the elevation of the water intake 3 remains unchanged.

[0040] The beneficial effect of this embodiment is that by adopting the above-mentioned water intake method, it can ensure that the surface high-temperature water at a certain depth below the water surface is always used during the dynamic change of the reservoir water level, which can improve the phenomenon of low-temperature water leakage in the reservoir and avoid adverse ecological impacts.

[0041] Embodiment 3

[0042] This embodiment relies on a hydropower station project and is used to improve the impact of low-temperature water discharge from a hydropower station reservoir.

[0043] A hydropower station predicted based on the water temperature model: (1) The water temperature structure of the reservoir of the hydropower station is a stable stratified type. The natural water temperature process has been changed after the reservoir was built. When the reservoir of the hydropower station operates alone, the reservoir stratification is obvious in summer, and the maximum vertical temperature difference is 15.6℃. Compared with the natural water temperature process at the dam site, the discharged water temperature in each typical year has a low temperature water effect from January to August, making the discharged water temperature 1.8℃ to 2.0℃ lower than the natural water temperature; (2) The joint operation of cascade reservoirs aggravates the impact of high and low temperature water discharged. Affected by the low temperature water discharged step by step due to the joint operation of the upstream cascades, the overall heat of the reservoir area is low, resulting in a significant increase in the thickness of the low temperature layer at the bottom of the reservoir compared with the single operation, and the amplitude of the discharged low temperature water increased to 3.5℃ to 4.2℃ compared with the single operation.

[0044] The water temperature structure of the hydropower station reservoir is stratified, and there is a phenomenon of low-temperature water discharge. The impact is more significant when combined with the low-temperature water discharged from the upstream cascade. In addition, various rare and endangered endemic fish are distributed in the project river section, and fish spawning grounds are distributed in the downstream affected river section. In order to mitigate the impact of low-temperature water and avoid adverse effects on the reproduction of rare fish, it is necessary to adopt a water intake method that mitigates low-temperature water measures.

[0045] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment relies on the hydropower station to adopt a new water intake method to improve the impact of low-temperature water discharge from the reservoir. Since the hydropower station has four power generation water diversion tunnels 10, four water intake devices are set; each water intake device is composed of a buoyancy box 1, a stainless steel connecting device 2, a water intake 3, a water inlet pipe 4, a water collecting pipe 5, a rotating shaft seat 6, a water outlet pipe 7, a push rod 8, a motor 91, a base 92, and a control system; the water level monitoring system of the control system is the reservoir water level monitoring system of the hydropower station.

[0046] In this embodiment, the pontoon 1 is arranged on the water surface to provide buoyancy, balance the deadweight of the pipeline water intake 3, and facilitate the push rod 8 to push and adjust the elevation of the water intake 3; the pontoon 1 is cylindrical in shape, so that the overall stability is better, the wind and wave resistance is stronger, and it is not easy to capsize, ensuring that the pontoon 1 always floats on the water surface. The stainless steel connecting device 2 is used to connect the pontoon 1 and the water intake 3. The water intake 3 is installed at a position 10m below the pontoon 1 (greater than the minimum submergence depth) to take the surface high-temperature water at a depth of 10m from the reservoir surface; a grille dirt shield is installed at the front end of the water intake 3 to prevent debris from entering; the water intake 3 is connected to the water inlet pipe 4 using a spherical sliding sleeve 13 to ensure that the water intake 3 and the water inlet pipe 4 can rotate freely, so that the water intake 3 is always in a horizontal water intake device; the height of the water intake 3 is higher than the vertical height of the power generation water diversion tunnel 10. The upper end of the water inlet pipe 4 is connected to the water intake 3, and the lower end is connected to the water collecting pipe 5. The water inlet pipe 4 can rotate together with the water collecting pipe 5 around the rotating shaft seat 6 (to make a circular motion). The rotating shaft seat 6 is a bearing seat structure with a bearing, which is arranged underwater, fixedly installed at the bottom of the water inlet tower 11 of the hydropower station and rotatably connected to the water collecting pipe 5; the rotating shaft seat 6 is used to support the water collecting pipe 5 so that the water collecting pipe 5 can rotate in a circle. The outlet pipes 7 of the four water intake devices are respectively connected to the four power generation water diversion tunnels 10 of the hydropower station, and a seal 14 can be set at the connection to prevent water leakage. One end of the push rod 8 is rotatably connected to the middle of the water inlet pipe 4 through a rotating bearing 12, and the other end is connected to the motor 91; the motor 91 is rotatably installed on the base 92 through the rotating bearing 12, and the motor 91 can control the extension and speed of the push rod 8 through a pre-set program; the base 92 is fixedly installed on the top of the water inlet tower 11 of the hydropower station; in order to avoid water erosion and ensure the stability of the structure, the position of the motor 91 and the base 92 must be connected to the top of the water inlet tower 11.

[0047] In this embodiment, the water inlet pipe 4, the water collecting pipe 5 and the water outlet pipe 7 are all made of stainless steel, and the water inlet pipe 4, the water collecting pipe 5, the water outlet pipe 7 and the rotating shaft seat 6 are all located underwater. The power generation water diversion tunnel 10 of the hydropower station is located below the dead water level, ensuring that water can be taken regardless of how the water level changes; the water collecting pipe 5 and the water outlet pipe 7 are also located below the dead water level; at the same time, when the water level is at the dead water level, the water intake 3 and the water inlet pipe 4 are also located below the dead water level.

[0048] In this embodiment, the bases 92 and motors 91 of the four water intake devices are respectively connected to the reservoir water level monitoring system of the hydropower station. When the water level rises, the push rod 8 shortens at a preset rate, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to move upward in a circular motion, and the water intake 3 rises in elevation; when the water level drops, the push rod 8 extends at a preset rate, driving the water inlet pipe 4 to move downward in a circular motion, and the water intake 3 drops in elevation; when the water level does not change, the push rod 8 does not perform telescopic adjustment, and the elevation of the water intake 3 remains unchanged. In this way, it can automatically adapt to changes in the reservoir water level, ensuring that the water intake 3 is always located 10m below the surface pontoon 1, and taking high-temperature surface water.

[0049] The beneficial effects of this embodiment are as follows: through numerical simulation of water temperature calculation, compared with the traditional water intake method, the maximum monthly average improvement effect after adopting the new water intake method is 1.6℃, which occurs in April and June, and the monthly average downstream water temperature increases from 7.0℃ and 11.9℃ of traditional water intake to 8.6℃ and 13.5℃; the time when the downstream water temperature reaches 9℃ (the starting water temperature suitable for fish spawning) is mid-April, which is 20 days earlier than the traditional water intake. Judging from the performance of the main spawning period of fish (March to July), the new water intake method has a good effect and good promotion value.

[0050] The advantages of the present invention are as follows:

[0051] The present invention can improve the phenomenon of low-temperature water leakage in existing high dams and large reservoirs, and mitigate the adverse effects of low-temperature water on agriculture, fishery production and fish reproduction. The elevation of the water intake 3 of the present invention can automatically change with the water level, and the surface high-temperature water at a fixed depth below the water surface can be taken, which has a good effect on improving the water temperature, and does not require a cumbersome operation and control system, and is easy to operate and reliable. Compared with traditional technologies such as stopcocks, the present invention has low cost, low operation and maintenance costs, good water intake effect, good promotion value, and broad application prospects.

[0052] The contents explained in the above embodiments should be understood as these embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the present invention, and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. After reading the present invention, various equivalent forms of modifications to the embodiments made by those skilled in the art fall within the scope defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A water intake device for a dam power generation water diversion tunnel, comprising a water inlet pipe (4) and a water outlet pipe (7), characterized in that: The upper end of the water inlet pipe (4) is a water intake (3), and the lower end of the water inlet pipe (4) is rotatably connected to a rotary shaft seat (6) and communicates with a water outlet pipe (7); the water outlet pipe (7) is communicated with a power generation water diversion tunnel (10); the water inlet pipe (4) is connected to a push rod (8) that enables the water inlet pipe (4) to rotate around the rotary shaft seat (6) and to be positioned at a water depth; the other end of the push rod (8) is connected to a drive unit (9) controlled by a control system; the height of the water intake (3) is higher than the height of the power generation water diversion tunnel (10).

2. The water intake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water intake device further comprises a buoyancy box (1) and a connection device (2), wherein the buoyancy box (1) is arranged on the water surface, and one end of the connection device (2) is connected to the buoyancy box (1) and the other end is connected to the water intake port (3).

3. The water intake device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The buoyancy box (1) is cylindrical, and the connecting device (2), the water inlet pipe (4) and the water outlet pipe (7) are all made of stainless steel.

4. The water intake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving unit (9) comprises a motor (91) and a base (92); the motor (91) is mounted on the base (92) and controlled by a control system; the motor (91) is connected to a push rod (8); and the base (92) is mounted on the top of a water inlet tower body (11).

5. The water intake device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control system includes a water level monitoring system.

6. The water intake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water intake (3) is connected to the water inlet pipe (4) by means of a spherical sliding sleeve (13).

7. The water intake device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A grille dirt shield is installed at the front end of the water intake (3).

8. The water intake device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the water inlet pipe (4) is a water collecting pipe (5), the water collecting pipe (5) is rotatably connected to the rotary shaft seat (6) and is in communication with the water outlet pipe (7), and the water collecting pipe (5) is made of stainless steel.

9. The water intake device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A sealing member (14) is provided between the water outlet pipe (7) and the power generation water diversion tunnel (10).

10. A method for taking water from a diversion tunnel for dam power generation, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The control system sends instructions to the drive unit (9); The driving unit (9) drives the push rod (8) to extend and retract, thereby driving the water inlet pipe (4) to rotate around the rotating shaft seat (6).

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