Osmosis water conveyor

Abstract

The invention discloses an osmotic water delivery machine which comprises a first communicating vessel, a second communicating vessel and a third communicating vessel, a high-concentration solution is filled in the second communicating vessel, water or a low-concentration aqueous solution is filled in the first communicating vessel and the third communicating vessel, osmotic pressure generated between the high-concentration solution and the low-concentration solution is larger than standard atmospheric pressure, and the first communicating vessel and the third communicating vessel are communicated with the atmosphere. The second communicating vessel is of a closed structure, a water inlet in the bottom of the second communicating vessel is communicated with a water outlet of the third communicating vessel, a first semi-permeable membrane is installed at the connecting position of the water inlet in the bottom of the second communicating vessel and the water outlet of the third communicating vessel, and a second semi-permeable membrane is installed at the connecting position of the water outlet in the top of the second communicating vessel and the water inlet of the first communicating vessel. Water is absorbed into a high-concentration solution under the action of atmospheric pressure and permeation, and the high-concentration solution is conveyed to a high position through a pipeline. At a high position, a high-concentration solution is subjected to reverse osmosis by producing vacuum or negative pressure, and a liquid level difference and gravitational potential energy of stored water are generated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a water delivery machine, in particular to an osmotic water delivery machine. Background Art

[0002] The Chinese patent with publication number: CN216041483 discloses "a negative pressure water supply system", including: a vacuum extraction device, which includes an air intake pipeline and a vacuum pump in sequence along the gas flow direction, and a vacuum pressure transmitter and a vacuum electric valve are arranged on the air intake pipeline; a pumping device, which includes an inlet pipeline for connecting to a reservoir, a water pump, and an outlet pipeline for connecting to a water supply network in sequence along the water supply direction; a pressure transmitter and a water supply electric valve are arranged in sequence on the outlet pipeline along the water outlet direction, and the air intake pipeline is connected to the water intake pipeline; a PLC cabinet, the input end of the PLC cabinet is connected to a pressure transmitter and a vacuum pressure transmitter, and the output end of the PLC cabinet controls the connection of a vacuum pump, a vacuum electric valve, a water supply electric valve, and a water pump. Existing systems all require pumps to supply water.

[0003] However, the roots of plants and trees do not directly consume energy when absorbing water through osmosis ([1.] JH Priestley, The Mechanism of Root Pressure, 2014 P189-P193, JH Priestley, The Mechanism of Root Pressure, 2014; [2.] S. Singh, Root pressure: getting to the root of pressure, 2016 P108-109. S. Singh, Root pressure: getting to the root of pressure, 2016.), and transport water to the top of the plant through root pressure, cohesion, water tension, and transpiration. The tallest trees can transport water to a height of about 100 meters, and the whole process does not require the consumption of plant energy. Plant leaves can also expel water without directly consuming energy ([3.] Liu Yali and Ding Yifeng, Research on Factors Affecting Plant Water Exhalation Experiments. 2011). By imitating the water absorption, exhalation and transpiration modes of plants, the osmotic effect of closed high-concentration solutions is used to absorb water from the bottom, and the solution is balanced through diffusion and molecular thermal motion, and negative pressure and vacuum are created at high altitudes. The high-concentration solution at high altitudes is reversely osmotic, and water is transported to high altitudes through osmosis and reverse osmosis under the action of atmospheric pressure, thereby generating a liquid level difference, storing energy, and reducing the surrounding air temperature. ([4.] Rongqing Xie, Gaochao Lin and Hung-Chung Huang, Experimental Evidence Supporting a New Osmosis Law & Theory Derived New Formula that Improves van't Hoff Osmotic Pressure Equation; 2012. P1-P3, [4] Rongqing Xie, Gaochao Lin, Hung-Chung Huang, Experimental Evidence Supporting a New Osmosis Law & Theory Derived New Formula that Improves van't Hoff Osmotic Pressure Equation; 2012.) No equipment for water transport using the principle of plant water transport has been found in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an osmotic water delivery machine which utilizes atmospheric pressure and osmotic action to absorb water into a high-concentration solution, transports the high-concentration solution to a high place through a pipeline, and then reverse osms the solution.

[0005] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The osmotic water delivery machine of the present invention comprises a first communicating vessel, a second communicating vessel and a third communicating vessel, wherein a high-concentration solution is contained in the second communicating vessel, and water or a low-concentration aqueous solution is contained in the first communicating vessel and the third communicating vessel, wherein the concentration of the high-concentration solution is greater than 0.0415 mol / L, the solute in the low-concentration aqueous solution is different from the solute in the high-concentration solution, and the osmotic pressure generated between the high-concentration solution and the low-concentration solution is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure, the first communicating vessel and the third communicating vessel are connected to the atmosphere, the second communicating vessel is a closed structure, the water inlet at the bottom of the second communicating vessel is connected to the water outlet of the third communicating vessel and a first semipermeable membrane is installed at the connection, the water outlet at the top of the second communicating vessel is connected to the water inlet of the first communicating vessel and a second semipermeable membrane is installed at the connection, and the water or the low-density solution flowing out of the third communicating vessel enters the second communicating vessel through the first semipermeable membrane and is reversely osmotic to the first communicating vessel through the second semipermeable membrane. The second semipermeable membrane and the first semipermeable membrane allow small molecules to pass through, and the small molecules refer to molecules whose molecular diameter is smaller than the pore size of the first semipermeable membrane and the second semipermeable membrane. The solute molecules in the high-concentration solution in the second communicating vessel cannot pass through the second semipermeable membrane and the first semipermeable membrane. The pressure bearing capacity of the second semipermeable membrane and the first semipermeable membrane is greater than 1 atmosphere;

[0007] The height H2 from the top of the liquid surface in the first communicating vessel to the bottom of the second semipermeable membrane is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10.3 meters under standard atmospheric pressure. The height H3 from the top surface of the second semipermeable membrane to the top surface of the second communicating vessel is used to generate a certain pressure on the top surface of the second semipermeable membrane to increase the reverse osmosis speed. H1 is the height from the upper edge of the first semipermeable membrane to the top of the second communicating vessel, which is the total height of the high-concentration solution. H1>H2+H3, so that a height difference is generated between the water surfaces in the first communicating vessel and the third communicating vessel.

[0008] The present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0009] In the atmosphere and gravity field (artificial gravity field) environment, water is absorbed into a high-concentration solution by using atmospheric pressure and osmosis, and the high-concentration solution is transported to a high place through a pipeline. At a high place, the high-concentration solution is reversely osmotic by creating a vacuum or negative pressure, and a liquid level difference is generated to store the gravitational potential energy of the water. In this process, the surrounding air does work and the temperature drops. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the principle structure of the osmotic water delivery machine of the present invention;

[0011] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a structure that is superimposed and connected to the first communicating vessel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0012] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0013] As shown in the accompanying drawings, the osmotic water delivery machine of the present invention comprises a first communicating vessel A, a second communicating vessel B and a third communicating vessel C, wherein the second communicating vessel is filled with a high concentration solution, and the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C are both filled with water or a low concentration aqueous solution. Preferably, the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C are both filled with water. The concentration of the high concentration solution is greater than 0.0415 mol / L (according to the van't Hoff s osmotic pressure formula π=C n When RT is calculated to be 20 degrees Celsius, when the osmotic pressure is greater than 1 atmosphere, the substance concentration of the solution must be greater than 0.0415, so as to ensure that there is a liquid level difference between the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C). The solute in the low-concentration aqueous solution is different from the solute in the high-concentration solution. The osmotic pressure generated between the high-concentration solution and the low-concentration solution is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure, so that a liquid level difference can be generated between the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C, and the solutes in the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C can completely pass through the semipermeable membrane. The first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C are connected to the atmosphere, and the second communicating vessel is a closed structure. The water inlet at the bottom of the second communicating vessel is connected to the water outlet of the third communicating vessel and a first semipermeable membrane N is installed at the connection. The water outlet at the top of the second communicating vessel is connected to the water inlet of the first communicating vessel and a second semipermeable membrane M is installed at the connection. The water or low-density solution flowing out of the third communicating vessel enters the second communicating vessel through the first semipermeable membrane N and reversely osms to the first communicating vessel through the second semipermeable membrane M. The second semipermeable membrane M and the first semipermeable membrane N allow small molecules to pass through, and the small molecules refer to molecules with molecular diameters smaller than the pore diameters of the first and second semipermeable membranes. Molecules can freely penetrate the semipermeable membranes, such as water molecules, etc. The solute molecules in the high-concentration solution in the second communicating vessel B cannot pass through the second semipermeable membrane M and the first semipermeable membrane N. The second semipermeable membrane M and the first semipermeable membrane N can withstand high pressure. The pressure bearing capacity of the second semipermeable membrane M and the first semipermeable membrane N is greater than 1 atmospheric pressure without affecting the osmotic effect. The greater the pressure, the greater the water can be transported. The second semipermeable membrane M and the first semipermeable membrane are available on the market, such as the high-pressure RO membrane PRO-LF and the ultra-high-pressure RO membrane PRO-XP of Hyde Energy Company of the United States. At present, some high-pressure membranes can withstand 5.5MPa, which is equivalent to more than 50 atmospheric pressures.

[0014] The height H2 from the top of the liquid surface in the first communicating vessel to the bottom of the second semipermeable membrane is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10.3 meters under standard atmospheric pressure. When H2 is equal to 10.3 meters, the pressure at the bottom of the second semipermeable membrane M is 0. According to the principle of osmosis and the net osmotic force concept of Professor Xie Rongqing, ΔF=P a S' a -P b S' b =-Pb S' b <0, reverse osmosis will occur. The height of H2 can be adjusted lower, 0<H2≤10.3 meters, which is achieved by adjusting the concentration of the solution in B and the height of H3, so that low pressure or 0 pressure can be created under the second semipermeable membrane M. The height H3 from the top surface of the second semipermeable membrane M to the top surface of the second communicating vessel is used to generate a certain pressure on the top surface of the second semipermeable membrane, increase the reverse osmosis speed, and is an adjustable height. H1 is the height of the upper edge of the first semipermeable membrane N from the top of the second communicating vessel B, which is the total height of the high-concentration solution. The solution concentration in the second communicating vessel B and the height of H3 are adjusted so that H1>H2+H3, so that the water surface in the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C has a height difference, which will produce the effect of transporting water to a high place for energy storage.

[0015] The device of the present application can be used for energy storage and power generation: the water in the first communicating vessel A is released from a high place and connected to the hydro-generator system, which can be used to generate electricity. This device can also be stacked on itself, the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel are both filled with water (or low-concentration aqueous solution), the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C are equivalent devices, and the entire device can be stacked on the first communicating vessel A and rearranged, such as Figure 2 The atmospheric pressure at a low altitude of 100 meters does not change much, and water can be sent to heights of tens to hundreds of meters.

[0016] Example 1

[0017] Figure 1 The system in the middle includes the first communicating vessel A, the second communicating vessel B, and the third communicating vessel C. The environment is under standard atmospheric pressure. The first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C contain water. The liquid levels in the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C are placed under standard atmospheric pressure. The second communicating vessel B is a closed device with built-in sucrose. It is connected to the third communicating vessel C and the first communicating vessel A through the first semipermeable membrane N and the second semipermeable membrane M (the semipermeable membrane strength must be able to withstand at least 1 atmospheric pressure and only allow water molecules to pass through, and do not allow large molecular solutes to pass through). The sucrose solution in the second communicating vessel B is selected based on the data in the literature P.honig, "principles of sugartechnology" Vol.IP.honig, "Principles of Sugar Technology" Vol.1 P31, P54: 30 degrees Celsius 5% sucrose solution (100 grams of solution contains 5 grams of sucrose), at which time the density of the sucrose solution is ρ B The osmotic pressure π is about 1.01518, and the experimental approximate value is 4.2 kg / cm 2 , which is about 412kpa, equivalent to 4 atmospheres. The water level in the third communicating vessel C is slightly higher than the first semipermeable membrane. Looking at the osmotic balance of the third communicating vessel C and the second communicating vessel B alone, the height of the solution in the second communicating vessel B is H1 = π / ρ Bg = 41.4m, assuming that the height of H2 offsets the atmospheric pressure and is a 10-meter water column, and H3 is arbitrarily 5 meters high. Since the pressure on the A side of the semipermeable membrane M is 0 (here it is designed as an extreme condition), the pressure on the B side is a 5-meter high sucrose solution. According to ΔF = P a S' a -P b S' b , the net permeability on both sides of the semipermeable membrane M is ΔF<0 ([4.] Rongqing Xie, Gaochao Lin and Hung-Chung Huang, Experimental Evidence Supporting a New Osmosis Law&Theory Derived New Formula thatImproves van't Hoff Osmotic Pressure Equation; 2012. Xie Rongqing, Lin Gaochao, Huang Hongzhong, Experimental Evidence Supporting a New Osmosis Law&Theory Derived New Formula thatImproves van't Hoff Osmotic Pressure Equation; 2012. The permeability formula ΔF=P a S' a -P b S' b And the significance), then the water on the second communicating vessel B will reverse osmosis into the first communicating vessel A. There is a liquid level difference of nearly ΔH=H1-H2-H3=26.4 meters between the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C. The water flowing into the first communicating vessel A can be released back into the third communicating vessel C, and this process can do work. The system can also do work through atmospheric pressure, continuously permeating water from the third communicating vessel C into the second communicating vessel B. The solution in the second communicating vessel B diffuses through molecular thermal motion to achieve a uniform solution. The water in the second communicating vessel B reverse osmosis into the first communicating vessel A, also using the heat dissipated in the air, that is, the molecular thermal motion energy, and the same Figure 1 The system is the same, the first communicating vessel A and the third communicating vessel C are equivalent and can be stacked to deliver water to a higher place.

Claims

1. Osmotic water delivery machine, characterized by: The invention comprises a first connecting vessel, a second connecting vessel and a third connecting vessel, wherein the second connecting vessel is filled with a high-concentration solution, and the first connecting vessel and the third connecting vessel are both filled with water or a low-concentration aqueous solution, and the concentration of the high-concentration solution is greater than 0.0415 ol / L. -1 , the solutes in the low-concentration aqueous solution are different from the solutes in the high-concentration solution, the osmotic pressure generated between the high-concentration solution and the low-concentration solution is greater than the standard atmospheric pressure, the first communicating vessel and the third communicating vessel are connected to the atmosphere, the second communicating vessel is a closed structure, the water inlet at the bottom of the second communicating vessel is connected to the water outlet of the third communicating vessel and a first semipermeable membrane is installed at the connection, the water outlet at the top of the second communicating vessel is connected to the water inlet of the first communicating vessel and a second semipermeable membrane is installed at the connection, the water or low-density solution flowing out of the third communicating vessel enters the second communicating vessel through the first semipermeable membrane and reversely osms to the first communicating vessel through the second semipermeable membrane. The second semipermeable membrane and the first semipermeable membrane allow small molecules to pass through, the small molecules refer to molecules with a molecular diameter smaller than the pore size of the first semipermeable membrane and the second semipermeable membrane, the solute molecules in the high-concentration solution in the second communicating vessel cannot pass through the second semipermeable membrane and the first semipermeable membrane, and the pressure bearing capacity of the second semipermeable membrane and the first semipermeable membrane is greater than 1 atmosphere; The height H2 from the top of the liquid surface in the first communicating vessel to the bottom of the second semipermeable membrane is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 10.3 meters under standard atmospheric pressure. The height H3 from the top surface of the second semipermeable membrane to the top surface of the second communicating vessel is used to generate a certain pressure on the top surface of the second semipermeable membrane to increase the reverse osmosis speed. H1 is the height from the upper edge of the first semipermeable membrane to the top of the second communicating vessel, which is the total height of the high-concentration solution. H1>H2+H3, so that a height difference is generated between the water surfaces in the first communicating vessel and the third communicating vessel.

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