A drilling method suitable for different rock formations

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of hole formation control and specifically discloses a drilling method suitable for different rock formations, comprising the following steps: S1: acquiring formation data; S2: obtaining distribution data of different rock formations in the operating area based on the formation data and constructing a three-dimensional geological model; S3: simulating an optimal drilling path that does not damage the ground based on the three-dimensional geological model; S4: simulating the interaction mechanism between the drill bit and different rock formations based on the optimal drilling path to obtain the operating parameters of the drill bit that achieve the best hole formation quality in different rock formations; and S5: inputting the operating parameters of the drill bit in different rock formations into the control system of the anchor drilling rig, which adjusts the drill bit to the appropriate operating parameters based on the data of the different rock formations. The present invention can significantly improve the quality of holes formed in weathered rock formations, speed up construction progress, and reduce project costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hole formation control, and in particular to a drilling rig hole formation method applicable to different rock formations. Background Art

[0002] As infrastructure construction continues to advance, high-slope projects are widely appearing in many fields such as transportation, water conservancy, and energy. Among them, weathered rock strata, due to their special geological properties, have brought many difficulties to high-slope construction. Weathered rock has undergone long-term weathering, and the rock structure has been broken, joints and fissures have developed, and the rock strength has been significantly reduced. It also has strong permeability. Drilling operations in such strata face severe challenges. Traditional drilling processes have exposed many drawbacks when dealing with weathered rock strata. The drilling speed is extremely slow, which seriously affects the construction progress and leads to a significant increase in project costs. At the same time, the disturbance of the weathered rock strata by the drill bit causes frequent hole wall collapse in the weathered rock strata area, which not only reduces the drilling quality but also may cause safety accidents. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a drilling method suitable for different rock formations, which can greatly improve the drilling quality of weathered rock formations, speed up construction progress and reduce engineering costs.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following solutions:

[0005] The present application provides a drilling method suitable for different rock formations, aiming to improve the quality and efficiency of drilling in different rock formations and reduce damage to the ground.

[0006] The method includes the following steps: S1: obtaining stratigraphic data, preferably, using any one of geological radar, seismic wave reflection method, and high-density electrical method to obtain accurate stratigraphic data, including stratigraphic depth, distribution range, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade, and degree of development of joints and fissures.

[0007] S2: Based on the stratigraphic data, through data analysis and modeling, we obtain the distribution data of different rock layers in the operating area and construct a three-dimensional geological model to provide a basis for subsequent drilling path planning.

[0008] S3: Based on the constructed 3D geological model, the optimal drilling path is simulated without damaging the ground to ensure the accuracy and safety of drilling.

[0009] S4: Based on the optimal drilling path, the interaction mechanism between the drill bit and different rock formations is simulated to obtain the drill bit's operating parameters for optimal hole-forming quality in different rock formations, including the drill bit's torque, drilling speed, thrust, and tooth length, to adapt to the characteristics of different rock formations.

[0010] S5: Input the working parameters of the drill bit in different rock formations into the control system of the anchor drilling rig. The control system automatically adjusts the drill bit to the appropriate working parameters based on the data of different rock formations to achieve intelligent drilling.

[0011] Preferably, a torque sensor is embedded in the drill bit to monitor the torque data of the drill bit when drilling in different rock formations in real time and feed it back to the control system. The control system controls the change of the drill tooth length according to the different torque data to adapt to the resistance of different rock formations.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the drill bit is connected to a drill rod, which is connected to a drive motor. The drill bit has an assembly cavity inside, and a number of drill teeth with adjustable lengths are distributed on the drill bit to improve the flexibility and adaptability of drilling.

[0013] Preferably, the surface of the drill bit is provided with an assembly hole for installing the drill teeth, the assembly hole is connected to the assembly cavity, a circle of flexible alloy plate is provided on the inner wall of the assembly hole, the flexible alloy plate is connected to the side wall of the drill teeth, and a micro resistance heating wire is embedded in the flexible alloy plate. When the micro resistance heating wire is energized, the flexible alloy plate changes from flexible to rigid, and vice versa, it changes from rigid to flexible, thereby adjusting the fixed state of the drill teeth.

[0014] There is a hydraulic chamber located in the assembly chamber under the drill tooth. The hydraulic chamber is connected to the micro hydraulic pump located in the assembly chamber through a capillary hydraulic tube. A weight block located in the hydraulic chamber is provided at the bottom of the drill tooth. By changing the pressure in the hydraulic chamber, the extension length of the drill tooth is adjusted to adapt to the drilling requirements of different rock formations.

[0015] Preferably, a carbon nanotube fiber network layer is also embedded in the flexible alloy plate to improve its strength and stability.

[0016] Preferably, a friction layer is provided on the surface of the drill tooth, and an electrode layer for collecting friction charges is adhered to the back of the friction layer. The electrode layer is electrically connected to a micro energy storage module located in the assembly cavity, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to power the torque sensor, micro hydraulic pump, and micro resistance heating wire, thereby realizing self-supply of energy and improving energy utilization.

[0017] Preferably, the energy storage module is a capacitor and a solid-state battery, which has high energy density and long life, and provides a guarantee for the energy demand during the drilling process.

[0018] The present invention has the beneficial effects:

[0019] The drilling method of the present invention can drill holes efficiently and accurately in different rock formations through intelligent drill bit parameter adjustment and energy self-supply, thereby reducing damage to the ground, improving drilling quality and efficiency, and reducing engineering costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the control structure;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the drill bit;

[0023] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A local enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle.

[0024] Figure numerals: 1-drill bit, 2-micro hydraulic pump, 3-energy storage module, 4-weight block, 5-assembly cavity, 6-flexible alloy plate, 7-drill tooth, 8-hydraulic cavity, 9-drill rod, 10-drive motor, 11-friction layer, 12-electrode layer, 13-carbon nanotube fiber network layer, 14-micro resistance heating wire, 15-assembly hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "up", "down", "left", "right", "vertical", "longitudinal", "lateral", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", "top", "bottom", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or are the orientation or position relationship in which the inventive product is usually placed when used. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "having," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; mechanical connections or electrical connections; direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in specific contexts.

[0028] A drilling method suitable for different rock formations comprises the following steps:

[0029] S1: Acquire formation data;

[0030] S2: Obtain the distribution data of different rock layers in the operation area based on the formation data and construct a three-dimensional geological model;

[0031] S3: Based on the 3D geological model, simulate and obtain the optimal drilling path without damaging the ground;

[0032] S4: simulating the interaction mechanism between the drill bit 1 and different rock formations according to the optimal drilling path to obtain the operating parameters of the drill bit 1 with the best hole-forming quality in different rock formations;

[0033] S5: Inputting the working parameters of the drill bit 1 in different rock formations into the control system of the anchor drilling rig, and the control system adjusts the drill bit 1 to the appropriate working parameters according to the data of different rock formations.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in the above method, any one or more methods including geological radar, seismic wave reflection method, and high-density electrical method are used to obtain stratigraphic data, and the stratigraphic data include stratigraphic depth, distribution range, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade, degree of development of joints and fissures, etc.

[0035] After obtaining the distribution data of different rock layers in the operating area based on the stratigraphic data, a three-dimensional geological model can be constructed using a computer to display the depth, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade, and degree of development of joints and fissures of different rock layers in the operating area.

[0036] The surface terrain data needs to be removed before construction to avoid affecting subsequent work.

[0037] After the construction is completed, the drilling location and direction are selected according to the three-dimensional geological model, and the drilling route is planned. The interaction mechanism between the drill bit 1 and the rock formation under different drilling speeds, torques, and thrusts is simulated. By analyzing the rock breaking volume, crushing rate, drilling quality, etc. of the drill bit 1, the working parameters with the best drilling quality in different rock formations are determined.

[0038] The best judgment criteria for working parameters are: the longest drilling depth under the same drilling speed; or the deepest drilling depth under the same drilling range limit.

[0039] In addition, based on cost factors, the drilling speed and torque at which the drilling volume per unit volume is maximum can be selected as the optimal working parameters.

[0040] The working parameters of the drill bit 1 in different rock formations are input into the control system of the drilling rig, and the rock formation where the drill bit 1 is currently located is detected in real time through the sensing module. The control system of the drilling rig adjusts the drill bit 1 to the appropriate working parameters according to the data of different rock formations.

[0041] If the control system of the drilling rig cannot be adjusted automatically, manually adjust the travel speed, torque, and thrust until the values ​​meet the set requirements.

[0042] A torque sensor is embedded in the drill bit 1, which feeds back real-time torque data to the control system. When the rock formation where the drilling rig is located changes, for example, when entering a soft rock formation (weathered rock formation) from a hard rock formation, the friction between the drill bit 1 and the rock mass increases, causing the torque pulse signal to become larger. Then the control system of the drilling rig will reduce the torque to maintain the specified value to avoid excessive load and damage to the anchor drilling rig.

[0043] When entering a hard rock layer from a soft rock layer (weathered rock layer), the friction between the drill bit 1 and the rock mass decreases, causing the torque pulse signal to decrease. At this time, the control system of the drilling rig will increase the torque to maintain the specified value to ensure the excavation efficiency.

[0044] Specifically, the torque sensor is arranged on the drill bit 1 , and four or more sensors are arranged around the drill bit 1 to ensure the accuracy of the measurement.

[0045] Furthermore, one end of the drill bit 1 is connected to a drill rod 9, which is connected to a drive motor 10. The drill bit 1 has an assembly cavity 5 inside, and a number of drill teeth 7 with adjustable lengths are distributed on the drill bit 1 to improve the flexibility and adaptability of drilling.

[0046] Furthermore, the surface of the drill bit 1 is provided with an assembly hole 15 for installing the drill tooth 7. The assembly hole 15 is connected to the assembly cavity 5. A circle of flexible alloy plate 6 is provided on the inner wall of the assembly hole 15. The flexible alloy plate 6 is connected to the side wall of the drill tooth 7. A micro resistance heating wire 14 is embedded in the flexible alloy plate 6. When the micro resistance heating wire 14 is energized, the flexible alloy plate 6 changes from flexible to rigid, and vice versa, it changes from rigid to flexible, thereby adjusting the fixed state of the drill tooth 7.

[0047] There is a hydraulic chamber 8 located in the assembly chamber 5 below the drill tooth 7. The hydraulic chamber 8 is connected to the micro hydraulic pump 2 located in the assembly chamber 5 through a capillary hydraulic tube. A weight block 4 is provided at the bottom of the drill tooth 7 in the hydraulic chamber 8. By changing the pressure in the hydraulic chamber 8, the extension length of the drill tooth 7 is adjusted to adapt to the drilling requirements of different rock formations.

[0048] Furthermore, a carbon nanotube fiber network layer 13 is embedded in the flexible alloy plate 6 to improve its strength and stability.

[0049] Specifically, a wireless transmission device may be provided in the installation cavity, which transmits the collected field data to the ground for analysis, and at the same time receives instructions from the control system to control the operation of the micro hydraulic pump 2 and the power on or off of the micro resistance heating wire 14.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the specific adjustment principle of the length of the drill teeth 7 is: when the drill bit 1 is drilling, the flexible alloy plate 6 is in a rigid state, and the hydraulic chamber 8 is in a high-pressure state. When the torque data detected by the torque sensor exceeds the set value, it is judged that the drill bit 1 has drilled into a soft rock layer (weathered rock layer). At this time, in order to avoid the problem of excessive disturbance of the weathered rock layer by the drill teeth 7 being too long and causing the hole wall to collapse, the control system receives the data fed back by the torque sensor, and first controls the micro resistance heating wire 14 in the flexible alloy plate 6 (thickness is 0.5-2mm) to cut off the power, cut off the heating of the flexible alloy plate 6, and after the heating is completed, the flexible alloy plate 6 returns to a flexible state from a rigid state. At the same time, the micro hydraulic pump 2 pumps out the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic chamber 8 to reduce the pressure in the hydraulic chamber 8. Under the combined effect of the negative pressure generated by the hydraulic oil extracted by the hydraulic pump 2, the weight of the weight block 4 and the drill tooth 7, the flexible alloy plate 6 is in a flexible state. At this time, the drill tooth 7 moves toward the center of the drill bit 1, and the distance between the top of the drill tooth 7 and the surface of the drill bit 1 is reduced, that is, the working length of the drill tooth 7 is reduced. After the length adjustment of the drill tooth 7 is completed, the control system controls the micro resistance heating wire 14 to energize and heat the flexible alloy plate 6. The flexible alloy plate 6 changes from flexible to rigid, and the rigidity is increased by 300%. After the flexible alloy plate 6 is transformed into a rigid state, the micro hydraulic pump 2 pumps an appropriate amount of hydraulic oil into the hydraulic chamber 8 to enhance the support force for the drill tooth 7. The drill tooth 7 with a shortened length can reduce the disturbance to the weathered rock formation, thereby avoiding the problem of hole wall collapse and ensuring the quality of the hole. When drilling into a hard rock formation, such as Figure 2 As shown, the control system controls the micro resistance heating wire 14 to cut off the power again, and the flexible alloy plate 6 changes from rigid to flexible. Then the micro hydraulic pump 2 injects more hydraulic oil into the hydraulic chamber 8, so that the pressure of the hydraulic chamber 8 meets the requirements of drilling into hard rock formations. As the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic chamber 8 increases, the hydraulic oil lifts the drill tooth 7 radially, and the working length of the drill tooth 7 becomes longer. After the length of the drill tooth 7 reaches the design value, the hydraulic chamber 8 stops pressurizing, and the micro resistance heating wire 14 is energized to heat the flexible alloy plate 6, so that the flexible alloy plate 6 is in a rigid state. Then, the hard rock formation can be drilled. Through the torque data fed back from different rock formations, the working length of the drill tooth 7 can be adjusted in real time to adapt to drilling in different rock formations, thereby ensuring the quality of the hole.

[0051] Furthermore, a friction layer 11 is provided on the surface of the drill tooth 7, and an electrode layer 12 for collecting friction charges is adhered to the back of the friction layer 11. The electrode layer 12 is electrically connected to a micro energy storage module 3 located in the assembly cavity 5, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy to power the torque sensor, micro hydraulic pump 2, and micro resistance heating wire 14, thereby realizing self-supply of energy and improving energy utilization.

[0052] Furthermore, the energy storage module 3 is a capacitor and a solid-state battery with high energy density and long life, which can guarantee the energy demand during the drilling process.

[0053] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the built-in sensor of the drill bit 1 relies on the power supply of the wire. The cable is easy to be entangled and broken during the drilling operation, the battery is difficult to replace, and there are safety hazards in the high temperature and high pressure environment. Therefore, this embodiment is designed to generate electricity by the friction force between the drill teeth 7 and the rock formation to achieve self-power supply. A friction layer 11 is provided on the surface of the drill teeth 7. The friction layer 11 adopts a micro-nano structured polytetrafluoroethylene or alumina coating to enhance the friction charge. The back of the friction layer 11 is attached to the electrode layer 12. The electrode layer 12 adopts a flexible graphene / copper composite electrode to collect the friction charge. The electrode layer 12 is electrically conductive to the micro energy storage module 3 in the assembly cavity 5. The connection is achieved by passing a wire through the hydraulic cavity 8 to connect with the energy storage module 3. The micro energy storage module 3 is a super capacitor and a solid-state battery. The super capacitor is used for instantaneous energy storage and can be a carbon-based micro capacitor. The solid-state battery is for long-term energy storage and can be a lithium iron phosphate thin film battery. The micro energy storage module 3 supplies power to the torque sensor, the micro hydraulic pump 2, the micro resistance heating wire 14, the wireless transmission device and other electrical components in the drill bit 1, and then sends and receives data through the wireless transmission device, which greatly reduces the use of wires and fully utilizes the mechanical energy of the drill teeth 7 to convert into electrical energy to achieve energy recovery.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any form of limitation to the present invention. Based on the technical essence of the present invention and within the spirit and principles of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent replacement and improvement of the above embodiment shall still fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Acquire formation data; S2: Obtain the distribution data of different rock layers in the operation area based on the formation data and construct a three-dimensional geological model; S3: Based on the 3D geological model, simulate and obtain the optimal drilling path without damaging the ground; S4: simulating the interaction mechanism between the drill bit (1) and different rock formations according to the optimal drilling path, and obtaining the working parameters of the drill bit (1) with the best hole-forming quality in different rock formations; S5: inputting the working parameters of the drill bit (1) in different rock formations into the control system of the anchor drilling rig, and the control system adjusts the drill bit (1) to the appropriate working parameters according to the data of different rock formations; A torque sensor is embedded in the drill bit (1). When drilling in different rock formations, the torque sensor feeds back real-time torque data to the control system, and the control system controls the length change of the drill teeth (7) according to the different torque data. One end of the drill bit (1) is connected to a drill rod (9), which is connected to a drive motor (10). The drill bit (1) has an assembly cavity (5) inside, and a plurality of drill teeth (7) with adjustable lengths are distributed on the drill bit (1). The surface of the drill bit (1) is provided with an assembly hole (15) for mounting the drill tooth (7), the assembly hole (15) is connected to the assembly cavity (5), the inner wall of the assembly hole (15) is provided with a circle of flexible alloy plate (6), the flexible alloy plate (6) is connected to the side wall of the drill tooth (7), a micro resistance heating wire (14) is embedded in the flexible alloy plate (6), when the micro resistance heating wire (14) is energized, the flexible alloy plate (6) changes from flexible to rigid, and vice versa, it changes from rigid to flexible, a hydraulic chamber (8) is provided below the drill tooth (7) in the assembly cavity (5), the hydraulic chamber (8) is connected to the micro hydraulic pump (2) in the assembly cavity (5) through a capillary hydraulic tube, and a weight block (4) is provided at the bottom of the drill tooth (7) in the hydraulic chamber (8).

2. A drilling method suitable for different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Use any one of geological radar, seismic wave reflection method and high-density electrical method to obtain stratigraphic data.

3. The drilling method applicable to different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stratigraphic data include stratigraphic depth, distribution range, structural characteristics, rock composition, weathering grade, and degree of development of joints and fissures.

4. The drilling method applicable to different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The working parameters of the drill bit (1) include the torque, drilling speed, propulsion force, and length of the drill teeth (7) of the drill bit (1).

5. The drilling method applicable to different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: A carbon nanotube fiber network layer (13) is also embedded in the flexible alloy plate (6).

6. The drilling method applicable to different rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the drill tooth (7) is provided with a friction layer (11), the back of the friction layer (11) is adhered with an electrode layer (12) for collecting friction charges, and the electrode layer (12) is electrically connected to a micro energy storage module (3) located in the assembly cavity (5).

7. The drilling method applicable to different rock formations according to claim 6, characterized in that: The micro energy storage module (3) is a capacitor and a solid-state battery, and the micro energy storage module (3) supplies power to the torque sensor, the micro hydraulic pump (2), and the micro resistance heating wire (14).

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