Measuring tool for capturing dynamic gap position and morphological feature identification method

Abstract

The invention discloses a measuring tool for capturing a dynamic gap position and a morphological characteristic identification method.The measuring tool comprises a connector and a guiding shoe, the guiding shoe is provided with a connecting part and a working part, and the connecting part comprises an internal hollow cavity and an external guiding shoe protection sleeve; a first temperature-resistant pressure-resistant high-sensitivity thermometer, a first temperature-resistant pressure gauge, a temperature-resistant pressure flow meter, a second temperature-resistant pressure gauge and a second temperature-resistant pressure-resistant high-sensitivity thermometer which are sequentially connected are arranged in the hollow cavity, one end of the joint is connected with the drill rod, the other end of the joint is connected with the first temperature-resistant pressure-resistant high-sensitivity thermometer, and the second temperature-resistant pressure-resistant high-sensitivity thermometer is connected with the working part. According to the method, the open hole section gap / pore distribution position within 5000m can be effectively distinguished, and the accuracy rate is within + / -10m, so that accurate data is provided for subsequent liquid quantity control of high-concentration plugging anti-sloughing drilling fluid, liquid quantity control of plugging slurry and drilling tool depth position, and targeted treatment is realized. And the risks of invalid leaking stoppage and underground drilling jamming caused by inaccurate judgment of the position of the leaking layer are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of complex well development and drilling in oil and gas fields, and particularly relates to a measuring tool for capturing dynamic gap positions and a morphological feature identification method. Background Art

[0002] During the drilling process, when drilling in complex formations, it is easy to have abnormal underground conditions such as well wall instability, spalling, ground stress deformation, leakage, and vicious leakage, especially in deep wells, exploration wells, and horizontal wells. If not treated in time, ① the well wall will collapse, forming a "big belly" wellbore, with a well diameter expansion rate of up to 30-55%, and drill cuttings cannot be carried out of the well, causing sand settling and drilling; ② the concentration of drill cuttings in the wellbore will increase, the circulating pressure loss will increase, and the leakage rate will increase; ③ the mudstone soaking will intensify, forming uncontrollable periodic collapse; ④ after the vicious leakage occurs, it is impossible to accurately locate the leaking layer, resulting in multiple ineffective plugging, and a significant increase in drilling costs.

[0003] By adjusting the density, viscosity, and inhibition of the drilling fluid, the wellbore collapse can be moderately improved, but the "big belly" wellbore that has been formed cannot be changed, and the pressure bearing capacity of the formation cannot be improved. The location of the leaking layer can only be vaguely judged by drilling parameters and experience, with large errors, high probability of error, and low success rate.

[0004] Prior art, such as the invention patent with the publication (announcement) number: CN109162707A, discloses a method for determining the position of a leaking layer during drilling. The determination method is to calculate and determine the position of the leaking layer by using the riser pressure change during the drilling construction process. However, this method has three unavoidable technical errors: ① In a well with a malignant loss of return, the riser pressure is almost zero, and the position of the leaking layer cannot be determined at all; ② The leakage rate of the leaking layer is not stable and will change with the drilling fluid performance (especially density and viscosity), pump displacement, entry of cuttings / solid phase / plugging agent, dynamic healing degree of cracks (opening and closing degree), and connectivity of cracks around the well, further causing the riser pressure to be constantly changing, and it is impossible to accurately select the riser pressure at a certain time as a reference; ③ When there are multiple leaking layers in the wellbore, this method can only simulate and calculate the position of a leaking layer based on the riser pressure change, which is equivalent to fitting the riser data changes caused by multiple leaking layers into the data of a leaking layer, and the calculation result will be obviously wrong. At the same time, this method belongs to simulation calculation, and there is an essential difference in accuracy and credibility from the actual measurement of the measuring tool.

[0005] The patent with the publication number CN101446194A discloses an electromagnetic leak detection device, which uses an ultrasonic sensor to measure the flow rate of drilling fluid and an electromagnetic method to measure the formation characteristics. It has high measurement accuracy and is easy to operate. However, when the solid content of the drilling fluid is high, the ultrasonic method based on the time difference principle of the receiving time will cause refraction of the sound wave in the transmission medium, resulting in large errors. And when the leakage rate is small, since the measurement method uses the acoustic time difference, the reaction sensitivity of the acoustic time difference will be greatly reduced, and the gap position cannot be accurately determined; when there is a big belly wellbore in the wellbore, the acoustic time difference measurement data will increase abnormally, and it will be misjudged as a leaking layer or gap.

[0006] The patent with publication number CN102383784A discloses a storage-type comprehensive measuring instrument for leaking layer position. The instrument adopts comprehensive measurement methods such as well temperature, noise and sound waves. The measurement adopts downhole storage method and uses drill pipe advancement or cable lowering. However, this method has some hidden dangers. After the well leaks, the cable or drill pipe is used to advance the measurement, which is easy to cause complex situations such as encountering obstacles or even stuck drill in the well section with unstable well wall. Moreover, for pressure-sensitive gaps, when the pressure fluctuation is small, the noise cannot be accurately measured, and the sound wave measurement method will also have measurement errors similar to the patent with publication number CN101446194A.

[0007] The patent with publication number CN106640050A discloses a drilling fluid leakage position measurement device, which is installed in the form of a short section near the drill bit. After leakage occurs, it uses three methods to directly measure pressure, flow rate and temperature. However, the internal design of the device is composed of measurement and control electronic components, and only relies on the guide tube to provide a circulation channel for drilling fluid, which is bound to cause a large pressure drop. In addition, the pressure, temperature and measurement and control components cannot directly contact the annulus fluid. Only when the bypass valve on the outer tube short section is opened can the annulus fluid enter the cavity. There are hidden dangers when the bypass tool is opened, and the construction is extremely complicated. At the same time, this method can only measure the gap or leaking layer near the drill bit, and cannot measure the leaking layer position or gap position in the upper drilled section. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to develop a dynamic gap position capture measurement tool and morphological feature identification method, through which the precise well depth of the dynamic gap can be accurately located, the gap can be accurately judged whether it has the characteristics of dynamic opening and closing, and the width of the dynamic opening and closing gap can be predicted. If the gap width is less than 0.1mm, the focus is on the plugging and anti-collapse of the well section to improve the stability of the well wall; if the gap width is 0.1-1mm, the focus is on the drilling and leakage prevention of the well section, and a reference basis is provided for the selection of the size of the drilling material to improve the effect of drilling and plugging, and the loss rate reduction rate will be greatly improved; if the gap width is greater than 1mm, the focus is on the plugging of the well section, based on the position capture technology, the well depth of the leaking layer is accurately located, and based on the width prediction, the size selection and concentration level of the plugging slurry particles are effectively guided, thereby effectively improving the success rate of one-time plugging, reducing the plugging cost, and improving the drilling time efficiency. Therefore, the invention has the triple effects of guiding plugging and anti-collapse, drilling and leakage prevention, and precise plugging, which greatly reduces the complexity and time efficiency of the well.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0010] The present invention first discloses a measuring tool for capturing dynamic gap positions, comprising a joint and a guide shoe, wherein the guide shoe has a connecting portion and a working portion, wherein the connecting portion is connected to the joint, and the connecting portion comprises an internal hollow cavity and an external guide shoe protective cover, wherein the hollow cavity contains a first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer, a first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge, a temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter, a second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer, which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, one end of the joint is connected to a drill pipe, the other end of the joint is connected to the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer, the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is connected to one end of the working portion, and the other end of the working portion is a semicircular structure.

[0011] As a further preferred solution, the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 220°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 120 MPa, a temperature measurement range of 10-180°C, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.01°C, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-10 times / second, a built-in battery and a first temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor automatically records data storage chip, the measurement frequency is set before entering the well, the data can be read by a computer after leaving the well, and a curve is automatically generated.

[0012] As a further preferred solution, the length of the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge is 3-5 cm, the outer diameter is 2.5-3.5 cm, the maximum temperature resistance is 220°C, the maximum pressure resistance is 120 MPa, the pressure measurement range is 0.1-110 MPa, the pressure measurement accuracy is ±0.01 MPa, the measurement frequency is 1-10 times / second and is adjustable. It has a built-in battery and a first pressure sensor, and is battery-powered. The first pressure sensor automatically records data and stores the chip. The measurement frequency is set before entering the well, and the data can be read by a computer after leaving the well, and a curve is automatically generated.

[0013] As a further preferred solution, the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter has a length of 15-25cm, an outer diameter of 4-5cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 220°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 120MPa, a flow measurement range of 0.01-15L / s, a flow measurement accuracy of ±0.01L / s, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-10 times / second, a built-in battery for power supply, and a built-in storage chip for automatic data recording. The measurement frequency is set before entering the well, and the data can be read by a computer after leaving the well, and a corresponding curve graph of "flow rate-speed-well depth" is automatically generated.

[0014] As a further preferred scheme, a turbine fixed shaft is arranged inside the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter along its length direction, a turbine is mounted on the turbine fixed shaft, a liquid inlet is arranged at the upper end of one side of the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the lower end of the other side of the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 200°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 100 MPa, a pressure measurement range of 0.01-90 MPa, a pressure measurement accuracy of ±0.001 MPa, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-50 times / second, and a built-in battery and a second pressure sensor.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment, the second temperature- and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 200°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 100 MPa, a temperature measurement range of 0.01-180°C, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.001°C, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-50 times / second, and a built-in battery and a second temperature sensor.

[0017] The present invention also discloses a method for identifying dynamic gap morphological features, comprising the following steps:

[0018] S1. According to the size of the wellbore, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer, the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter, the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter and the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer are set respectively;

[0019] S2. Connect the joint, the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer, the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge, the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer and the guide shoe in the measuring tool in order, and finally connect the joint to the end of the bare drill pipe, and use the drill pipe to send it to the bottom of the well, and perform the first measurement from the bottom of the well to the casing foot. The drilling speed is controlled at 2h / 1000m. After reaching the casing foot, let it stand for 30min;

[0020] S3. After the static time is over, the measuring tool is sent to the bottom of the well again with the drill pipe, the annular gate of the well plug is closed, and the drilling fluid is continuously injected from the well kill manifold into the annulus at a small displacement of 1-5L / S, and the drill is pulled out at the same time. The drilling speed is controlled at 3h / 1000m. After the casing foot is pulled out, the injection of drilling fluid is stopped, the annular gate is opened, and all the measuring tools are pulled out of the wellbore;

[0021] S4. After the measuring tool is disassembled, it is sent to the ground, the data measured by the measuring tool is read, and a plot is made and compared, wherein the data obtained in step S2 is the base curve, and the data obtained in step S3 is the comparison curve;

[0022] S5. The dynamic gap position can be determined by analyzing and comparing the curves, and analyzing and evaluating the difference points of the same well depth and the abnormal inflection points of a single curve.

[0023] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the step S1 sets the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer, the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge and the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer according to the size of the wellbore, as follows:

[0024] When the borehole size is greater than 346 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 1 time / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter is set to 10 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter is set to 10 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter is set to 40 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 40 times / second;

[0025] When the wellbore size is 311-346 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 8 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter is set to 8 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter is set to 8 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter is set to 35 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 35 times / second;

[0026] When the borehole size is 241-310 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 6 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge is set to 6 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter is set to 6 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge is set to 30 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 30 times / second;

[0027] When the borehole size is 209-240mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 5 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge is set to 5 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter is set to 5 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge is set to 28 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 28 times / second;

[0028] When the borehole size is 165-208 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 4 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter is set to 4 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter is set to 4 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter is set to 25 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 25 times / second;

[0029] When the borehole size is 120-164mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 3 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge is set to 3 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter is set to 3 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge is set to 22 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 22 times / second;

[0030] When the wellbore size is less than 120mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 2 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant thermometer is set to 2 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter is set to 2 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant thermometer is set to 18 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer is set to 18 times / second.

[0031] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the selection basis of the injection displacement in step S2 is:

[0032] When the wellbore size is greater than 346mm, the injection rate is 5L / S;

[0033] When the wellbore size is 311-346mm, the injection displacement is 4.5L / S;

[0034] When the wellbore size is 241-310mm, the injection rate is 4L / S;

[0035] When the wellbore size is 209-240mm, the injection rate is 3L / S;

[0036] When the wellbore size is 165-208mm, the injection displacement is 2.5L / S;

[0037] When the wellbore size is 120-164mm, the injection displacement is 1.8L / S;

[0038] When the wellbore size is less than 120mm, the injection rate is 1.2L / S.

[0039] As a preferred solution, the method for determining the position of the dynamic gap in step S5 is: using the inflection point of the flow curve in the comparison curve as a necessary condition for determining whether there is a dynamic gap. When an inflection point of the flow curve appears, if any one of the inflection points of the temperature curve and the pressure curve overlaps with it, it can be determined that a dynamic gap exists at the well depth position of the inflection point.

[0040] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the inflection point of the flow curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the flow curve is approximately a straight line without obvious fluctuations; above the gap position, the flow curve is approximately a straight line, but the straight line value is significantly larger than the straight line value in the lower well section; at the gap position, the flow curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes larger, which is the inflection point of the flow curve.

[0041] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the inflection point of the temperature curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the well temperature rise curve maintains a relatively stable curvature; above the gap position, the well temperature curve maintains a relatively stable curvature, but the rising curvature slows down significantly; at the gap position, the well temperature curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes smaller, which is the inflection point of the temperature curve.

[0042] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the inflection point of the pressure curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the pressure rise curve maintains a relatively stable curvature; above the gap position, the pressure curve maintains a relatively stable curvature, but the rising curvature slows down significantly; at the gap position, the pressure curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes smaller, which is the inflection point of the pressure curve.

[0043] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for identifying dynamic gap morphological characteristics also includes S6. Observing whether there are temperature curve inflection points, pressure curve inflection points and flow curve inflection points at the position of the dynamic gap in the basic curve. If the pressure curve inflection point and the flow curve inflection point appear at the same time, or the temperature curve inflection point and the flow curve inflection point appear at the same time, or the three curve inflection points appear at the same time, it means that the dynamic gap is a pressure-insensitive gap, and the ability of the gap to change with the pressure change in the wellbore is weak, and it is a natural gap; if only one curve inflection point exists or none of the three curve inflection points exist, it means that the dynamic gap is a pressure-sensitive gap, and the ability of the gap to change with the pressure change in the wellbore is strong, and it is a dynamic opening and closing gap.

[0044] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for identifying dynamic gap morphological characteristics also includes S7. According to the flow value measured at the inflection point of the flow curve, the width of the dynamic gap is simulated and calculated, and the calculation method is: gap width = the flow value of the gap inflection point / injection displacement × wellbore size × 0.1.

[0045] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. The dynamic crack position capture technology described in the present invention can effectively identify the crack / pore distribution position of the open hole section within 5000m, with an accuracy rate of within ±10m, and then provide accurate data for the subsequent high-concentration plugging and anti-collapse drilling fluid liquid volume control, plugging slurry liquid volume control, and drilling tool down position, so as to achieve targeted management. It effectively reduces the amount of single anti-collapse drilling fluid, and has a significant effect of reducing costs and increasing efficiency. It effectively avoids the occurrence of blind plugging, achieves targeted plugging, and reduces the risk of ineffective plugging and underground drill stuck caused by inaccurate judgment of the leaking layer position.

[0047] 2. The dynamic crack morphological feature identification method described in the present invention can distinguish the type of cracks / pores. By determining whether the crack is pressure-sensitive, the control range of key parameters affecting downhole construction safety such as drilling fluid density, mud pump displacement, annular pressure loss, gradation ratio of plugging particles to micro-gap width, gradation ratio of plugging materials to crack width of leaking layer, etc. can be effectively guided in the subsequent drilling operation. ① If the crack is pressure-sensitive, the parameters such as drilling fluid density, mud pump displacement, annular pressure loss adopt the lower limit value of the wellbore collapse prevention requirements, and the parameters such as gradation ratio of plugging particles to micro-gap width, gradation ratio of plugging materials to crack width of leaking layer adopt: material particle size / gap width = 1.2-1.5, to prevent the dynamic opening and closing of the crack from causing the material to be unable to be effectively blocked and retained. ② If the gap is not pressure sensitive, the parameters such as drilling fluid density, mud pump displacement, annular space pressure loss shall adopt the upper limit value of wellbore collapse prevention requirements, and the gradation ratio of plugging particles to micro-gap width, the gradation ratio of plugging materials to leaking layer crack width and other parameters shall adopt: material particle size / gap width = 0.6-0.8 to prevent the "sealing door" phenomenon caused by excessive material size. The material cannot enter the gap at all and cannot play a sealing or plugging effect.

[0048] 3. The dynamic crack morphological feature identification method described in the present invention can distinguish the crack width, and the crack width identification accuracy is 0.001-30mm. It can provide good support and guidance for the subsequent drilling fluid plugging and anti-collapse formula, anti-leakage material selection, and plugging working fluid optimization, and has the effect of segmented collapse and leakage. ① The measured crack width is 0.001-0.1mm, which indicates that there are micro-cracks in the formation or the well wall. The free water in the drilling fluid can freely enter the formation under the action of the pressure difference, inducing the hydration and dispersion of montmorillonite and illite in the formation, and then causing the well wall to become unstable and collapse. Then, according to the measured actual crack width and the well depth, strong plugging and strong inhibition materials can be used to carry out special anti-collapse operations in this section to plug micro-gaps, reduce water loss, and achieve a solid wall effect. ② The measured crack width is 0.1-1mm, which indicates small cracks in the formation or small leakage channels. The drilling fluid will leak due to the pressure difference (0.5-2m 3 / h), small leakage (2-5m 3 / h), then according to the actual measured fracture width and the well depth, leakage prevention work can be carried out while drilling. By adding the leakage plugging material matching the fracture width to the drilling fluid, the leakage rate can be greatly reduced by using the particle accumulation principle. There is no need to stop drilling or start drilling during the whole process, which effectively shortens the plugging time and reduces the consumption of drilling fluid. ③ If the measured fracture width is greater than 1mm, it means that there are medium-sized fractures or medium-sized leakage channels in the formation, and a large leakage (5-80m 3 / h) and loss of return (only in but not out), special plugging work must be carried out. According to the actual measured fracture width and well depth, the type of plugging working fluid (high solid phase, bridge plug, solidification, gelling, etc.) is selected, the formula of the plugging working fluid (temperature control agent content, bridge plug content, bridge plug particle size, slurry preparation volume, etc.) is optimized, and the well depth of bare drill pipe construction is selected (0-100m above the leaking layer, 0-20m below the leaking layer, etc.). The final plugging process selected by the measurement tool for fracture position capture and the morphological feature recognition method can improve construction safety by more than 85%, reduce ineffective plugging by more than 50%, increase the plugging success rate by more than 30%, and shorten the plugging time by more than 35%.

[0049] 4. The present invention not only provides tools and methods for capturing the dynamic gap position, but also provides a method for identifying the dynamic gap morphological characteristics, thereby accurately identifying the gap position (well depth), assisting in determining the gap type (whether it is pressure sensitive), and finely describing the gap width (0.001-30mm). It is also suitable for casing leak detection and casing damage description, and the identification method is similar to that of open hole construction.

[0050] 5. Compared with the existing technologies of the same type, the present invention is the first of its kind. Compared with similar technologies, the measuring tool of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, has a low failure rate, short time consumption and high accuracy. At the same time, the consumption of drilling fluid is small and the damage to the formation can be ignored.

[0051] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of the present invention. In order to more clearly understand the technical means of the present invention and implement it according to the contents of the specification, the following is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0053] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the measuring tool and the combination thereof according to the present invention;

[0054] Figure 2 This is the measured comparison curve of flow-pressure-temperature of Li 17-XX well;

[0055] Figure 3 This is the measured comparison curve of flow-pressure-temperature of Jin 3X well;

[0056] Figure 4This is the measured flow-pressure-temperature comparison curve of 1-XX-XX well.

[0057] Description of reference numerals:

[0058] 1. Threaded joint; 2. Joint; 3. Guide shoe protection cover; 4. First temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 1; 5. First thermometer sensor; 6. Support rod; 7. First temperature-resistant pressure gauge; 8. First pressure gauge sensor; 9. Temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter; 10. Turbine fixed shaft; 11. Liquid inlet; 12. Turbine; 13. Liquid outlet; 14. Second pressure sensor; 15. Second temperature-resistant pressure gauge; 16. Second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer; 17. Guide shoe; 18. Guide shoe liquid channel.

[0059] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The content of the present invention can be further understood by combining the following detailed description of the preferred implementation method of the present invention and the embodiments included. Unless otherwise stated, all technical and scientific terms used in this article have the same meaning as those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. If the definition of a specific term disclosed in the prior art is inconsistent with any definition provided in the present invention, the definition of the term provided in the present invention shall prevail.

[0061] In a typical embodiment of the present application, refer to Figure 1 , provides a measuring tool for dynamic gap position capture, including a joint 2 and a guide shoe 17, the guide shoe 17 has a connecting part and a working part, the connecting part is connected to the joint 2, and the connecting part includes an internal hollow cavity and an external guide shoe protective cover 3, the hollow cavity contains a first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4, a first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge 7, a temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, a second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 15 and a second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 connected in sequence from top to bottom, one end of the joint 2 is connected to the drill pipe, the other end of the joint 2 is connected to the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4, the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 is connected to one end of the working part, and the other end of the working part is a semicircular structure.

[0062] As a preferred implementation scheme, the first temperature- and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 220°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 120 MPa, a temperature measurement range of 10-180°C, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.01°C, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-10 times / second, a built-in battery and a first temperature sensor 5, and a first temperature sensor 5 that automatically records data storage chips. The measurement frequency is set before entering the well, and the data can be read by a computer after leaving the well, and a curve can be automatically generated.

[0063] Preferably, the length of the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7 is 3-5cm, the outer diameter is 2.5-3.5cm, the maximum temperature resistance is 220°C, the maximum pressure resistance is 120MPa, the pressure measurement range is 0.1-110MPa, the pressure measurement accuracy is ±0.01MPa, the measurement frequency is 1-10 times / second and adjustable, and it has a built-in battery and a first pressure sensor 8, which is battery-powered. The first pressure sensor 8 automatically records data storage chip, and the measurement frequency is set before entering the well. After leaving the well, the data can be read by computer and the curve can be automatically generated.

[0064] Preferably, the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter 9 has a length of 15-25cm, an outer diameter of 4-5cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 220°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 120MPa, a flow measurement range of 0.01-15L / s, a flow measurement accuracy of ±0.01L / s, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-10 times / second, a built-in battery for power supply, and a built-in storage chip for automatic data recording. The measurement frequency is set before entering the well, and the data can be read by a computer after leaving the well, and a corresponding curve graph of "flow rate-rotation speed-well depth" is automatically generated.

[0065] As a further preferred scheme, a turbine fixed shaft 10 is arranged inside the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter 9 along its length direction, and a turbine 12 is installed on the turbine fixed shaft 10. A liquid inlet 11 is arranged at the upper end of one side of the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter 9, and a liquid outlet 13 is arranged at the lower end of the other side of the temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter 9.

[0066] Preferably, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15 has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 200°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 100 MPa, a pressure measurement range of 0.01-90 MPa, a pressure measurement accuracy of ±0.001 MPa, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-50 times / second, and a built-in battery and a second pressure sensor 14.

[0067] Preferably, the second temperature- and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 200°C, a maximum pressure resistance of 100 MPa, a temperature measurement range of 0.01-180°C, a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.001°C, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-50 times / second, and a built-in battery and a second temperature sensor.

[0068] It is worth mentioning that the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 and the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15 and the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9 and the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7, and the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7 and the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 are respectively connected by data connection lines, and the data connection lines are passed through the support rod 6.

[0069] Preferably, the joint 2 and the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 , and the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 and the guide shoe 17 are connected respectively through support rods 6 .

[0070] Preferably, one end of the working portion of the guide shoe 17 away from the connecting portion is a semicircular structure, and a plurality of guide shoe liquid channels 18 are provided at intervals along the circumferential direction thereof.

[0071] In a specific embodiment, the preferred length of the joint 2 is 20-30cm, one end of the joint 2 is directly connected to the drill pipe, and the other end is connected to a temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer. The preferred length of the guide shoe is 50-55cm, and the outer diameter is preferably 6-7cm. One end of the guide shoe is connected to the tail of the joint, and the middle (i.e., the connecting part) is a cavity structure, which wraps all the measuring tools inside to play a protective role. The other end is a semicircular structure, which is convenient for reducing friction and crossing the sand bridge during the drilling process. The guide shoe body (i.e., the working part of the guide shoe) adopts an open hole structure design, preferably with 4 symmetrical open holes at the position of each measuring instrument, and the hole diameter = 20mm, which is convenient for the measurement of the instrument and improves the accuracy of the data.

[0072] The dynamic gap position capture measuring tool described in the present invention can effectively identify the gap / pore distribution position within 5000m of the open hole section, with an accuracy rate of ±10m, and then provide accurate data for the subsequent high-concentration plugging and anti-collapse drilling fluid liquid volume control, plugging slurry liquid volume control, and drilling tool down position, so as to achieve targeted management. It effectively reduces the amount of single anti-collapse drilling fluid, and has a significant effect of reducing costs and increasing efficiency. It effectively avoids the occurrence of blind plugging, achieves targeted plugging, and reduces the risk of ineffective plugging and underground drill stuck caused by inaccurate judgment of the leaking layer position.

[0073] In a second typical embodiment of the present invention, a dynamic gap morphological feature recognition method is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0074] S1. According to the size of the wellbore, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4, the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter 7, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter 15 and the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 are set respectively. For details, please refer to Table 1:

[0075]

[0076] The larger the wellbore, the larger the annular cross-sectional area, the larger the annular volume, and the smaller the annular flow velocity at the same pump displacement, so the measurement frequency should be increased to reduce measurement errors through encrypted measurements;

[0077] S2. Connect the joint 2, the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4, the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15, the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 and the guide shoe 17 in the measuring tool in order, and finally connect the joint 2 to the end of the bare drill pipe, and use the drill pipe to send it to the bottom of the well, and make the first measurement from the bottom of the well to the casing foot. The drilling speed is controlled at 2h / 1000m. After reaching the casing foot, it is kept still for 30min. The specific injection displacement selection basis is shown in the following table:

[0078] Wellbore size mm Injection displacement L / S ＞346 5 311-346 4.5 241-310 4 209-240 3 165-208 2.5 120-164 1.8 ＜120 1.2

[0079] S3. After the static time is over, the measuring tool is sent to the bottom of the well again with the drill pipe, the annular gate of the well plug is closed, and the drilling fluid is continuously injected from the well kill manifold into the annulus at a small displacement of 1-5L / S, and the drill is pulled out at the same time. The drilling speed is controlled at 3h / 1000m. After the casing foot is pulled out, the injection of drilling fluid is stopped, the annular gate is opened, and all the measuring tools are pulled out of the wellbore;

[0080] S4. After the measuring tool is disassembled, it is sent to the ground, the data measured by the measuring tool is read, and a plot is made and compared, wherein the data obtained in step S2 is the base curve, and the data obtained in step S3 is the comparison curve;

[0081] S5. By analyzing the obtained curves, analyzing and evaluating the difference points of the same well depth and the abnormal inflection points of a single curve, the dynamic gap position can be determined.

[0082] In a preferred embodiment, the method for determining the position of the dynamic gap in step S5 is: using the inflection point of the flow curve in the comparison curve as a necessary condition for determining whether a dynamic gap exists. When an inflection point of the flow curve appears, if any one of the inflection points of the temperature curve and the pressure curve overlaps with it, it can be determined that a dynamic gap exists at the well depth position of the inflection point.

[0083] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for determining the inflection point of the flow curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the flow curve is approximately a straight line without obvious fluctuations; above the gap position, the flow curve is approximately a straight line, but the straight line value is significantly larger than the straight line value in the lower well section; at the gap position, the flow curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes larger, which is the inflection point of the flow curve.

[0084] In a specific preferred embodiment, the method for determining the inflection point of the temperature curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the well temperature rise curve maintains a relatively stable curvature; above the gap position, the well temperature curve maintains a relatively stable curvature, but the rising curvature slows down significantly; at the gap position, the well temperature curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes smaller, which is the inflection point of the temperature curve.

[0085] In a specific preferred implementation scheme, the method for determining the inflection point of the pressure curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the pressure rise curve maintains a relatively stable curvature; above the gap position, the pressure curve maintains a relatively stable curvature, but the rising curvature slows down significantly; at the gap position, the pressure curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes smaller, which is the inflection point of the pressure curve.

[0086] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic gap morphological feature identification method also includes S6. Observing whether there are temperature curve inflection points, pressure curve inflection points and flow curve inflection points at the position of the dynamic gap in the basic curve. If the pressure curve inflection point and the flow curve inflection point appear at the same time, or the temperature curve inflection point and the flow curve inflection point appear at the same time, or the three curve inflection points appear at the same time, it means that the dynamic gap is a pressure-insensitive gap, and the ability of the gap to change with the pressure change in the wellbore is weak, and it is a natural gap; if only one curve inflection point exists or none of the three curve inflection points exist, it means that the dynamic gap is a pressure-sensitive gap, and the ability of the gap to change with the pressure change in the wellbore is strong, and it is a dynamic opening and closing gap.

[0087] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the dynamic gap morphological feature identification method also includes S7. simulating and calculating the width of the gap according to the flow value measured at the inflection point of the flow curve.

[0088] In a specific preferred embodiment, the gap width is calculated as follows: gap width (mm) = gap inflection point flow value (L / S) / injection displacement (L / S) × wellbore size (mm) × 0.1.

[0089] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0090] Example 1

[0091] Example 1 of the present invention provides that during the field application of Li 17-XX well, the well had a leakage on ×××, 2023, with a leakage rate of 45m 3 / h, well depth 510m, leakage point unclear.

[0092] The specific application process is as follows:

[0093] 1. Dynamic gap position capture measurement tool:

[0094] Connector 2 (25cm long) + first temperature and pressure resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 (5cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + first temperature and pressure resistant pressure gauge 7 (5cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter 9 (25cm long, outer diameter 5cm) + second temperature and pressure resistant pressure gauge 15 (3cm long, outer diameter 2.5cm) + second temperature and pressure resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 (3cm long, outer diameter 2.5cm) + guide shoe (50cm long)

[0095] S1. Assemble the main measuring tool: from bottom to top, in order, connect the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7, and the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 into a series, wherein the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 and the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15 and the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9 and the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7, and the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7 and the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 are connected by data connection lines, and the data connection lines are inserted into the support rod 6;

[0096] S2 measuring tool overall assembly; the main measuring tool assembled in S1 as a whole into the guide shoe protective cover 3, at the tail end connected to the support rod and the guide shoe, at the top of the support rod and the joint;

[0097] S3. Combine with drilling tools: hoist the tool assembled in S2 to the drilling table, place it vertically at the wellhead with multiple slips, and keep the top of the joint at a height of 25-35cm from the top of the slips. Align one end of the double female joint with the joint of the measuring tool, tighten it manually, and then lock it with a hinge. Lift one or one column of drill pipe on the drilling rig, connect the drill pipe to the top of the double female joint with hydraulic and pneumatic tongs, and lock it.

[0098] 2. Measurement steps:

[0099] S1. Drill down, use the bare drill pipe to send the measuring tool to the bottom of the well (510m), stop for 2 minutes, check the well depth data, and start drilling at a speed of 2h / 1000m to the casing foot (100m), and stop for 30 minutes;

[0100] S2. Send all the drill pipes and measuring tools to the bottom of the well (510m) again, stop for 2 minutes, check the well depth data, close the rotary blowout preventer below the wellhead, use the well kill manifold to pump drilling fluid into the annulus, maintain the displacement at 2.9-3.0L / S, and start drilling at a speed of 3h / 1000m to the casing foot (100m), shut down the mud pump, open the throttle valve of the throttle manifold, release the pressure until the casing pressure is zero, open the rotary blowout preventer, and pull the drilling tools and measuring tools out of the wellhead;

[0101] S3. On the drilling platform, the tool is disassembled and sent to the ground. The data card stored in the measuring instrument (i.e.) is taken out, and the data is read by a computer, and the basic curve and comparison curve are automatically generated. Figure 2 In the figure, flow curve ① (flow 6) is the static baseline of flow, flow curve ② (flow 5) and flow curve ③ (flow 4) are dynamic comparison curves of flow respectively; pressure curve ① (pressure 6) is the static baseline of pressure, pressure curve ② (pressure 5) and pressure curve ③ (pressure 4) are dynamic comparison curves of pressure respectively; temperature curve ① (temperature 6) is the static baseline of temperature, temperature curve ② (temperature 5) and temperature curve ③ (temperature 4) are dynamic comparison curves of temperature respectively.

[0102] 3. Data Analysis:

[0103] S1. By comparing the data in the curves, the temperature, pressure and flow rate all have obvious inflection points at 110.00-115.00m, and show abnormal reactions. Based on this, it is judged that there is a dynamic gap in the range of 110.00-115.00m in the well;

[0104] S2. Since the temperature, pressure and flow rate of the basic curve have inflection points at the same position, it proves that the crack is a pressure-insensitive crack;

[0105] S3. Calculation formula based on the gap width: Gap width (mm) = flow value of the gap inflection point (L / S) / injection displacement (L / S) × wellbore size (mm) × 0.1 = 1.8 / 3*215.9*0.1 = 12.954mm.

[0106] 4. Leakage plugging construction process:

[0107] S1. Based on the data of dynamic gaps in the range of 110.00-115.00m, the plugging bare drill pipe and drill bit assembly was lowered to a depth of 118m;

[0108] S2. Based on the gap width of 12.594mm and the data of the pressure-insensitive gap, prepare 15m 3 The plugging working fluid contains 25% plugging material, wherein the plugging material particle size is controlled at 7.7-10.3 mm (material particle size / gap width = 0.6-0.8);

[0109] S3. Pump all the plugging fluid into the wellbore, lift the drill pipe to a position of 100m, shut in the well and squeeze and seal it, with a squeeze injection volume of 8m 3 , casing pressure 4.5MPa, pressure stabilization for 30min, pressure drop 0.8MPa, normal displacement circulation, no leakage. Drilling down to 510m, normal displacement circulation, no leakage. The plugging was successful once, the well leakage was eliminated, and drilling resumed.

[0110] Example 2

[0111] Embodiment 2 of the present invention provides a dynamic gap position capture measurement tool and morphological feature identification method, a measurement method, a set of measurement curves, and a construction process for optimizing plugging working fluid in the field application process of Jin 3X well. The well had a leakage on ×××, 2023, with a leakage rate of 60m 3 / h, well depth 3150m, leakage point unclear.

[0112] 1. Combination of measurement tools for dynamic gap position capture:

[0113] Connector 2 (30cm long) + first temperature and pressure resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 (5cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + first temperature and pressure resistant pressure gauge 7 (5cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter 9 (15cm long, outer diameter 4cm) + second temperature and pressure resistant pressure gauge 15 (3cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + second temperature and pressure resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 (3cm long, outer diameter 2.5cm) + guide shoe (55cm long)

[0114] S1. Assemble the main measuring tool: from bottom to top, in order, connect the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16, the data connection line and the support rod 6, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15, the data connection line and the support rod, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, the data connection line and the support rod, the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7, the data connection line and the support rod, and the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 into a string;

[0115] S2. Assemble the measuring tool as a whole; Place the measuring tool assembled in S1 into the guide shoe protective cover, connect the support rod and the guide shoe at the tail end, and connect the support rod and the joint at the top;

[0116] S3. Combine with drilling tools: hoist the tool assembled in S2 to the drilling table, and place it vertically at the wellhead with multiple slips. The top of the joint should be 25-35cm away from the top of the slips. Align one end of the double female joint with the joint of the measuring tool, tighten it manually, and then lock it with a hinge. The drilling rig hoists one or one drill pipe, and uses a hydraulic tong to connect the drill pipe to the top of the double female joint and lock it.

[0117] 2. Measurement steps:

[0118] S1. Drill down, use the bare drill pipe to send the measuring tool to the bottom of the well (3150m), stop for 2 minutes, check the well depth data, and start drilling at a speed of 2h / 1000m to the casing foot (900m), and stop for 30 minutes;

[0119] S2. Send all the drill pipes and measuring tools to the bottom of the well (3150m) again, stop for 2 minutes, check the well depth data, close the rotary blowout preventer below the wellhead, use the well kill manifold to pump drilling fluid into the annulus, maintain the displacement at 4.0L / S, and pull out the drill at a speed of 3h / 1000m to the casing foot (900m), shut down the mud pump, open the throttle valve of the throttle manifold, release the pressure until the casing pressure is zero, open the rotary blowout preventer, and pull the drilling tools and measuring tools out of the wellhead;

[0120] S3. On the drilling platform, disassemble the tool parts and send them to the ground. Take out the data card stored in the measuring instrument, read the data with a computer, and automatically generate the basic curve and comparison curve. Figure 3 ,

[0121] In the figure, turbine speed curve ① (turbine speed XC13) is a static reference curve, and turbine speed curve ②

[0122] (Turbine speed XC14) is the dynamic comparison data; pressure curve ① (pressure XC13) is the static reference curve of pressure, and pressure curve ② (pressure XC14) is the dynamic comparison data; differential well temperature curve ① (differential well temperature XC13) is the static reference curve of differential well temperature, and differential well temperature curve ② (differential well temperature XC14) is the dynamic comparison data.

[0123] 3. Data Analysis:

[0124] S1. By comparing the data in the curves, the turbine speeds are different, and the differential temperature and pressure curves have no obvious inflection points at the same position, proving that the crack is a pressure-sensitive crack. Specifically, the flow curve of the well has an inflection point at 2962.11m, and the temperature and pressure curves have no obvious inflection points. Based on this, it is judged that there is a dynamic crack at 2962.11m in the well;

[0125] S2. Since the temperature and pressure curves of the base curve have no obvious inflection points at the same position, it is proved that the crack is a pressure-sensitive crack;

[0126] S3. According to the calculation formula of the gap width: gap width (mm) = the flow value of the gap inflection point (L / S) / injection displacement (L / S) × wellbore size (mm) × 0.1 = 2.9 / 3*222.2*0.1 = 21.479mm.

[0127] 4. Leakage plugging construction process:

[0128] S1. Based on the data of dynamic gap at 2962.11m, the drill pipe and drilling tool assembly for plugging was lowered to 2950m;

[0129] S2. Based on the gap width of 21.479mm and the data of pressure-insensitive gap, 28m3 The plugging working fluid contains 35% plugging material, wherein the plugging material particle size is controlled at 19.3-24.1 mm (material particle size / gap width = 1.2-1.5);

[0130] S3. Pump all the plugging fluid into the wellbore, lift the drill pipe to the position of 2620m, shut in the well and squeeze and seal, with a squeeze injection volume of 13m 3 , casing pressure 3.4MPa, pressure stabilization 30min, pressure drop 0.9MPa, normal displacement circulation, no leakage. Drilling down to 2980m, normal displacement circulation, no leakage, drilling down to 3150m, normal displacement circulation, no leakage. The plugging was successful once, the well leakage was eliminated, and drilling resumed.

[0131] Example 3

[0132] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a dynamic gap position capture measurement tool and morphological feature identification method, a measurement method, a set of measurement curves, and a preferred plugging working fluid construction process in the field application process of the Qing 1-XX-XX well. The well had a leakage on ×××, 2023, with a leakage rate of: loss return, a well depth of 2430m, and an unclear leakage point. At the same time, the well was accompanied by the collapse of the well wall, and the underground situation of drilling down was complicated, and the well collapse section was unclear.

[0133] 1. Dynamic gap position capture measurement tool:

[0134] Connector (30cm long) + first temperature and pressure resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 (5cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + first temperature and pressure resistant pressure gauge 7 (5cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + temperature and pressure resistant flowmeter 9 (15cm long, outer diameter 4cm) + second temperature and pressure resistant pressure gauge 15 (3cm long, outer diameter 3.5cm) + second temperature and pressure resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16 (3cm long, outer diameter 2.5cm) + guide shoe (55cm long)

[0135] S1. Assemble the main measuring tool: from bottom to top, in order, connect the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 16, the data connection line and the support rod, the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge 15, the data connection line and the support rod, the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter 9, the data connection line and the support rod, the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge 7, the data connection line and the support rod, and the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer 4 into a string;

[0136] S2. Assemble the measuring tool as a whole; Place the measuring tool assembled in S1 into the guide shoe protective cover, connect the support rod and the guide shoe at the tail end, and connect the support rod and the joint at the top;

[0137] S3. Combine with drilling tools: hoist the tool assembled in S2 to the drilling table, and place it vertically at the wellhead with multiple slips. The top of the joint should be 25-35cm away from the top of the slips. Align one end of the double female joint with the joint of the measuring tool, tighten it manually, and then lock it with a hinge. The drilling rig hoists one or one drill pipe, and uses a hydraulic tong to connect the drill pipe to the top of the double female joint and tighten it.

[0138] 2. Measurement steps:

[0139] S1. Drill down, use the bare drill pipe to send the measuring tool to the bottom of the well (2430m), stop for 2 minutes, check the well depth data, and start drilling at a speed of 2h / 1000m to the casing foot (1410m), and stop for 30 minutes;

[0140] S2. Send all the drill pipes and measuring tools to the bottom of the well (2430m) again, stop for 2 minutes, check the well depth data, close the rotary blowout preventer below the wellhead, use the well kill manifold to pump drilling fluid into the annulus, maintain the displacement at 4.5L / S, and start drilling at a speed of 3h / 1000m to the casing foot (1410m), shut down the mud pump, open the throttle valve of the throttle manifold, release the pressure until the casing pressure is zero, open the rotary blowout preventer, and pull the drilling tools and measuring tools out of the wellhead;

[0141] S3. On the drilling platform, disassemble the tool parts and send them to the ground. Take out the data card stored in the measuring instrument, read the data with a computer, and automatically generate the basic curve and comparison curve. Figure 4 In the figure, turbine speed curve ① (turbine speed JW) is the static reference curve, and turbine speed curve ② (turbine speed JW2) is the dynamic comparison data; pressure curve ① (pressure JW) is the pressure static reference curve, and pressure curve ② (pressure JW2) is the dynamic comparison data; differential well temperature curve ① (differential well temperature JW) is the differential well temperature static reference curve, and differential well temperature curve ② (differential well temperature JW2) is the dynamic comparison data.

[0142] 3. Data Analysis:

[0143] S1. By comparing the data of the curves, ① the flow rate and fine temperature difference of the well have inflection points in the range of 2262.50-2270.80m, and the fine pressure difference curve has no obvious inflection point; ② at 2369.00m, the flow rate curve, gradient temperature difference curve and pressure curve all have inflection points. Based on this, it is judged that the well has dynamic gaps in the range of 2262.50-2270.80m, and also has dynamic gaps at 2369.00m;

[0144] S2.①By comparing the basic curve, in the range of 2262.50-2270.80m, only the flow curve has an inflection point, while the gradient temperature and pressure curves have no inflection points, which proves that the cracks at this location are pressure-sensitive cracks;②At 2369.00m, there are inflection points in the flow curve and the gradient temperature difference curve, which proves that the cracks at this location are also pressure-insensitive cracks;

[0145] S3. Calculate the gap width based on the formula:

[0146] Gap width ① (mm) = flow value of the gap inflection point (L / S) / injection displacement (L / S) × wellbore size (mm) × 0.1 = 0.01 / 4.5*311.2*0.1 = 0.069mm.

[0147] Gap width ② (mm) = flow value of the gap inflection point (L / S) / injection displacement (L / S) × wellbore size (mm) × 0.1 = 1.2 / 4.5*311.2*0.1 = 8.299 mm.

[0148] Through calculation, it is shown that the crack width of 2262.50-2270.80m is 0.069mm, which is a micro crack and the collapsed section of the well. The crack width of 2369.00m is 8.299mm, which is a medium-large crack and the main leaking layer of the well. Because the well has both leaking layers and easy-to-collapse sections, according to the principle of priority treatment, special plugging operations are carried out first, followed by special anti-collapse operations.

[0149] 4. Leakage plugging construction process:

[0150] S1. Based on the data of dynamic gap at 2369.00m, the drill pipe and drilling tool assembly for plugging was lowered to 2350m;

[0151] S2. Based on the gap width of 8.299mm and the data of pressure-insensitive gap, prepare 25m 3 The plugging working fluid contains 18% plugging material, wherein the plugging material particle size is controlled at 4.97-6.64 mm (material particle size / gap width = 0.6-0.8);

[0152] S3. Pump all the plugging fluid into the wellbore, lift the drill pipe to the position of 2050m, shut in the well and squeeze and seal, with a squeeze injection volume of 12m 3 , casing pressure 2.9MPa, pressure stabilization 20min, pressure drop 1.1MPa, normal displacement circulation, no leakage. Drilling down to 2385m, normal displacement circulation, no leakage, drilling down to 2430m, normal displacement circulation, no leakage. The plugging was successful once, the well leakage was eliminated, and the next step of special anti-collapse operation can be carried out.

[0153] 5. Anti-collapse construction technology:

[0154] S1. Based on the data of dynamic gaps at 2262.50-2270.80m, the special plugging light drill rod was lowered to 2275m;

[0155] S2. Based on the gap width of 0.069mm and the data of pressure-insensitive gap, prepare 15m 3 High-concentration anti-collapse drilling fluid, strong plugging and strong inhibition material content 11%, wherein the particle size of the strong plugging and strong inhibition material is controlled at 0.041-0.055mm (material particle size / gap width = 0.6-0.8);

[0156] S3. Pump all the high-concentration anti-collapse drilling fluid into the wellbore, lift the drill pipe to the position of 2130m, shut in the well and squeeze and seal, with a squeeze injection volume of 9m 3 , casing pressure 5.8MPa, pressure stabilization for 30min, pressure drop 0.2MPa. Pressure relief and opening of the well, static for 6h, lowering the bare drill pipe to the bottom of the well, normal displacement circulation for 3h, all the bare drill pipes were pulled out of the wellbore. Replace the normal drilling tool assembly (mainly including drill bit, screw and stabilizer), drill down to 2262.50-2270.80m without resistance, down to the bottom of the well, no resistance. After resuming drilling, there was no resistance in the section of connecting single root and pulling up and down the drill, the one-time plugging and anti-collapse prevention was successful, and normal operation was resumed.

[0157] In summary, the dynamic crack morphological feature identification method described in the present invention can distinguish the type of cracks / pores. By determining whether the crack is pressure-sensitive, the control range of key parameters affecting downhole construction safety such as drilling fluid density, mud pump displacement, annular pressure loss, gradation ratio of plugging particles to micro-gap width, gradation ratio of plugging materials to crack width of leaking layer, etc. can be effectively guided during subsequent drilling operations. ① If the crack is pressure-sensitive, parameters such as drilling fluid density, mud pump displacement, annular pressure loss, etc. adopt the lower limit value of the wellbore collapse prevention requirements, and parameters such as gradation ratio of plugging particles to micro-gap width, gradation ratio of plugging materials to crack width of leaking layer adopt: material particle size / gap width = 1.2-1.5, to prevent the dynamic opening and closing of the crack from causing the material to be unable to be effectively blocked and retained. ② If the gap is not pressure sensitive, the parameters such as drilling fluid density, mud pump displacement, annular space pressure loss shall adopt the upper limit value of wellbore collapse prevention requirements, and the gradation ratio of plugging particles to micro-gap width, the gradation ratio of plugging materials to leaking layer crack width and other parameters shall adopt: material particle size / gap width = 0.6-0.8 to prevent the "sealing door" phenomenon caused by excessive material size. The material cannot enter the gap at all and cannot play a sealing or plugging effect.

[0158] The dynamic crack morphological feature identification method described in the present invention can distinguish the crack width, and the crack width identification accuracy is 0.001-30mm, which provides good support and guidance for the subsequent drilling fluid plugging and anti-collapse formula, anti-leakage material selection, and plugging working fluid optimization, and has the effect of segmented collapse and leakage. ① The measured crack width is 0.001-0.1mm, which indicates that there are micro-cracks in the formation or the well wall. The free water in the drilling fluid can freely enter the formation under the action of the pressure difference, inducing the hydration and dispersion of montmorillonite and illite in the formation, and then causing the well wall to become unstable and collapse. Then, according to the measured actual crack width and the well depth position, strong plugging and strong inhibition materials can be used to carry out special anti-collapse operations in this section to plug micro-gaps, reduce water loss, and achieve a solid wall effect. ② The measured crack width is 0.1-1mm, which indicates small cracks in the formation or small leakage channels. The drilling fluid will leak due to the pressure difference (0.5-2m 3 / h), small leakage (2-5m 3 / h), then according to the actual measured fracture width and the well depth, leakage prevention work can be carried out while drilling. By adding the leakage plugging material matching the fracture width to the drilling fluid, the leakage rate can be greatly reduced by using the particle accumulation principle. There is no need to stop drilling or start drilling during the whole process, which effectively shortens the plugging time and reduces the consumption of drilling fluid. ③ If the measured fracture width is greater than 1mm, it means that there are medium-sized fractures or medium-sized leakage channels in the formation, and a large leakage (5-80m 3 / h) and loss of return (only in but not out), special plugging work must be carried out. According to the actual measured fracture width and well depth, the type of plugging working fluid (high solid phase, bridge plug, solidification, gelling, etc.) is selected, the formula of the plugging working fluid (temperature control agent content, bridge plug content, bridge plug particle size, slurry preparation volume, etc.) is optimized, and the well depth of bare drill pipe construction is selected (0-100m above the leaking layer, 0-20m below the leaking layer, etc.). The final plugging process selected by the measurement tool for fracture position capture and the morphological feature recognition method can improve construction safety by more than 85%, reduce ineffective plugging by more than 50%, increase the plugging success rate by more than 30%, and shorten the plugging time by more than 35%.

[0159] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is merely illustrative of the present invention and does not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made by ordinary technicians in this field to the technical solution of the present invention should fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A measuring tool for capturing dynamic gap positions, Features: The invention comprises a joint (2) and a guide shoe (17), wherein the guide shoe (17) has a connection part and a working part, wherein the connection part is connected to the joint (2), and the connection part comprises an internal hollow cavity and an external guide shoe protective cover (3), wherein the hollow cavity contains a first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4), a first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge (7), a temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9), a second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure gauge (15), and a second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) which are connected in sequence from top to bottom, wherein one end of the joint (2) is connected to a drill pipe, and the other end of the joint (2) is connected to the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4), and the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is connected to one end of the working part, and the other end of the working part is a semicircular structure.

2. The dynamic gap position capturing measuring tool according to claim 1, Features: The first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 220° C., a maximum pressure resistance of 120 MPa, a temperature measurement range of 10-180° C., a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.01° C., an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-10 times / second, and a built-in battery and a first temperature sensor (5).

3. The dynamic gap position capturing measuring tool according to claim 1, Features: The first temperature-resistant pressure gauge (7) has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 220° C., a maximum pressure resistance of 120 MPa, a pressure measurement range of 0.1-110 MPa, a pressure measurement accuracy of ±0.01 MPa, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-10 times / second, and a built-in battery and a first pressure sensor (8).

4. The dynamic gap position capturing measuring tool according to claim 1, Features: The temperature and pressure resistant flow meter (9) has a length of 15-25 cm, an outer diameter of 4-5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 220° C., a maximum pressure resistance of 120 MPa, a flow measurement range of 0.01-15 L / s, a flow measurement accuracy of ±0.01 L / s, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-10 times / second, a built-in battery for power supply, and a built-in storage chip for automatically recording data. The measurement frequency is set before entering the well, and the data can be read by a computer after leaving the well, and a corresponding curve diagram of "flow size-rotation speed-well depth" is automatically generated.

5. The dynamic gap position capturing measuring tool according to claim 1 or 4, Features: A turbine fixed shaft (10) is arranged inside the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) along its length direction, a turbine (12) is mounted on the turbine fixed shaft (10), a liquid inlet (11) is arranged at the upper end of one side of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9), and a liquid outlet (13) is arranged at the lower end of the other side of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9).

6. The dynamic gap position capturing measuring tool according to claim 1, Features: The second temperature-resistant pressure gauge (15) has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 200° C., a maximum pressure resistance of 100 MPa, a pressure measurement range of 0.01-90 MPa, a pressure measurement accuracy of ±0.001 MPa, an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-50 times / second, and a built-in battery and a second pressure sensor (14).

7. The dynamic gap position capturing measuring tool according to claim 1, Features: The second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) has a length of 3-5 cm, an outer diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm, a maximum temperature resistance of 200° C., a maximum pressure resistance of 100 MPa, a temperature measurement range of 0.01-180° C., a temperature measurement accuracy of ±0.001° C., an adjustable measurement frequency of 1-50 times / second, and a built-in battery and a second temperature sensor.

8. A dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method, It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: S1. According to the size of the wellbore, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4), the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7), the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9), the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) and the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) are set respectively; S2. Connect the connector (2), the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4), the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge (7), the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9), the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge (15), the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) and the guide shoe (17) in the measuring tool in order, and finally connect the connector (2) to the end of the bare drill pipe, and use the drill pipe to send it to the bottom of the well, and perform the first measurement from the bottom of the well to the casing foot. The drilling speed is controlled within 2h / 1000m. After reaching the casing foot, let it stand for 30 minutes; S3. After the static time is over, the measuring tool is sent to the bottom of the well again with the drill pipe, the annular gate of the well plugging device is closed, and the drilling fluid is continuously injected into the annulus from the well killing manifold at a small displacement of 1-5L / S, and the drill is pulled out at the same time. The drilling speed is controlled within 3h / 1000m. After the drilling reaches the casing foot, the injection of drilling fluid is stopped, the annular gate is opened, and all the measuring tools are pulled out of the wellbore; S4. After the measuring tool is disassembled, it is sent to the ground, the data measured by the measuring tool is read, and a plot is made and compared, wherein the data obtained in step S2 is the base curve, and the data obtained in step S3 is the comparison curve; S5. By analyzing the obtained curves, analyzing and evaluating the difference points of the same well depth and the abnormal inflection points of a single curve, the dynamic gap position can be determined.

9. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The method for determining the position of the dynamic gap in step S5 is: using the inflection point of the flow curve in the comparison curve as a necessary condition for determining whether a dynamic gap exists. When an inflection point of the flow curve appears, if any one of the inflection points of the temperature curve and the pressure curve overlaps with it, it can be determined that a dynamic gap exists at the well depth position of the inflection point.

10. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The method for determining the inflection point of the flow curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the flow curve is approximately a straight line without obvious fluctuations; above the gap, the flow curve is approximately a straight line, but the straight line value is significantly larger than the straight line value in the lower well section; at the gap, the flow curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes larger, which is the inflection point of the flow curve.

11. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 9 or 10, It is characterized in that The method for determining the inflection point of the temperature curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the well temperature rise curve maintains a relatively stable curvature; above the gap position, the well temperature curve maintains a relatively stable curvature, but the rising curvature slows down significantly; at the gap position, the well temperature curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes smaller, which is the inflection point of the temperature curve.

12. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 9 or 10, It is characterized in that The method for determining the inflection point of the pressure curve is as follows: if there is a dynamic gap at a certain well depth, in the well section below the gap, the pressure rise curve maintains a relatively stable curvature; above the gap position, the pressure curve maintains a relatively stable curvature, but the rising curvature slows down significantly; at the gap position, the pressure curve will have an inflection point that suddenly becomes smaller, which is the inflection point of the pressure curve.

13. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 9, It is characterized in that The dynamic crack morphological feature identification method also includes S6. Observing whether there are temperature curve inflection points, pressure curve inflection points and flow curve inflection points at the position of the dynamic crack in the basic curve. If the pressure curve inflection point and the flow curve inflection point appear at the same time, or the temperature curve inflection point and the flow curve inflection point appear at the same time, or the three curve inflection points appear at the same time, it means that the dynamic crack is a pressure-insensitive crack, and the crack has a weak ability to change with the pressure change in the wellbore, and is a natural crack; if only one curve inflection point exists or none of the three curve inflection points exist, it means that the dynamic crack is a pressure-sensitive crack, and the crack has a strong ability to change with the pressure change in the wellbore, and is a dynamic opening and closing crack.

14. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 13, It is characterized in that The dynamic crack morphological feature identification method also includes S7. According to the flow value measured at the inflection point of the flow curve, the width of the dynamic crack is simulated and calculated, and the calculation method is: crack width = the flow value of the crack inflection point / injection displacement×wellbore size×0.

1.

15. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 8, It is characterized in that The step S1 sets the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4), the first temperature-resistant pressure gauge (7), the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9), the second temperature-resistant pressure gauge (15) and the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) according to the size of the wellbore, as follows: When the borehole size is greater than 346 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) is set to 1 time / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7) is set to 10 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) is set to 10 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) is set to 40 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is set to 40 times / second; When the borehole size is 311-346 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) is set to 8 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7) is set to 8 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) is set to 8 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) is set to 35 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is set to 35 times / second; When the borehole size is 241-310 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) is set to 6 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7) is set to 6 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) is set to 6 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) is set to 30 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is set to 30 times / second; When the borehole size is 209-240 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) is set to 5 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7) is set to 5 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) is set to 5 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) is set to 28 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is set to 28 times / second; When the borehole size is 165-208 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) is set to 4 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7) is set to 4 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) is set to 4 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) is set to 25 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is set to 25 times / second; When the borehole size is 120-164 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) is set to 3 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7) is set to 3 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) is set to 3 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) is set to 22 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is set to 22 times / second; When the borehole size is less than 120 mm, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (4) is set to 2 times / second, the measurement frequency of the first temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (7) is set to 2 times / second, the measurement frequency of the temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant flowmeter (9) is set to 2 times / second, the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant pressure meter (15) is set to 18 times / second, and the measurement frequency of the second temperature-resistant and pressure-resistant high-sensitive thermometer (16) is set to 18 times / second.

16. The dynamic gap morphology feature recognition method according to claim 8, It is characterized in that In step S2, the injection displacement is selected based on: When the wellbore size is greater than 346mm, the injection rate is 5L / S; When the wellbore size is 311-346mm, the injection displacement is 4.5L / S; When the wellbore size is 241-310mm, the injection rate is 4L / S; When the wellbore size is 209-240mm, the injection rate is 3L / S; When the wellbore size is 165-208mm, the injection displacement is 2.5L / S; When the wellbore size is 120-164mm, the injection displacement is 1.8L / S; When the wellbore size is less than 120mm, the injection rate is 1.2L / S.

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