Transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and provides a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture, which comprises a carbon dioxide capture assembly, a carbon dioxide absorption tower and a desorption tower which are communicated in sequence, and an alcohol amine solution circulating mechanism; the carbon dioxide energy storage assembly comprises a low-pressure recovery well, an outlet of the low-pressure recovery well is sequentially communicated with a multi-stage pressurizing part and a post-compression heat exchanger, and the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger is communicated with a high-pressure injection well; the carbon dioxide energy release assembly comprises a high-pressure recovery well, an outlet of the high-pressure recovery well is sequentially communicated with a multi-stage expansion part and a low-pressure injection well, and the desorption tower is communicated with the low-pressure injection well; and the heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat absorption piece in the multi-stage pressurization part and a heat release piece in the multi-stage expansion part, and a heat exchange piece is arranged between the heat absorption piece and the heat release piece. The requirement for a high-capacity gas storage can be lowered, the heat energy utilization rate of the system is increased, and the outlet pressure of the high-pressure and low-pressure gas storage in the operation process is stabilized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and in particular relates to a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture. Background Art

[0002] The massive consumption of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels has led to significant energy shortages and environmental pollution. Vigorously developing renewable energy is an important way to solve these problems. However, renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energy have the characteristics of randomness, volatility and intermittency, which seriously affect the safety and stability of the power grid operation.

[0003] Transcritical CO2 energy storage is an important way to solve the problem of renewable energy grid connection. It has the advantages of large energy storage capacity, long service life, and fast response speed. However, transcritical CO2 energy storage currently faces problems such as the need for large-capacity gas storage and low system thermal energy utilization. During the operation of the transcritical CO2 energy storage system, the pressure of CO2 at the outlet of the high-pressure and low-pressure gas storage fluctuates, affecting system performance. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture to solve the above-mentioned problems, thereby reducing the demand for large-capacity gas storage, improving the thermal energy utilization rate of the system, and stabilizing the outlet pressure of high-pressure and low-pressure gas storage during operation.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solution: a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture, comprising:

[0006] A carbon dioxide capture assembly comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower and a desorption tower which are connected in sequence, wherein an alcoholamine solution circulation mechanism is arranged between the desorption tower and the carbon dioxide absorption tower;

[0007] The carbon dioxide energy storage component comprises a low-pressure recovery well, the outlet of the low-pressure recovery well is connected to a multi-stage pressurizing part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage pressurizing part is connected to the gas inlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger, the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger is connected to a high-pressure injection well, the post-compression heat exchanger is used to supply the waste heat of the carbon dioxide gas to the heat user, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower is connected to the high-pressure injection well through a pressurizing component;

[0008] The carbon dioxide energy release component comprises a high-pressure recovery well, the outlet of the high-pressure recovery well is connected to a multi-stage expansion part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage expansion part is connected to a low-pressure injection well, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower is connected to the low-pressure injection well;

[0009] The heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat absorbing component arranged in the multi-stage pressurizing part and a heat releasing component arranged in the multi-stage expansion part. A heat exchange component is arranged between the heat absorbing component and the heat releasing component. The alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism is arranged corresponding to the heat exchange component.

[0010] Preferably, the alcoholamine solution circulation mechanism includes a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, the cold source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is connected to the bottom outlet of the absorption tower, the cold source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is connected to the top inlet of the desorption tower, the bottom outlet of the desorption tower is connected to the outlet of a reboiler, the top outlet of the reboiler is connected to the bottom inlet of the desorption tower, the bottom outlet of the reboiler is connected to the heat source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger, the heat source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger is connected to the heat source side inlet of the heat exchanger, the heat source side outlet of the heat exchanger is connected to the inlet of an alcoholamine solution storage tank, and the outlet of the alcoholamine solution storage tank is connected to the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower.

[0011] Preferably, the multi-stage pressurization unit includes a low-pressure compressor, a medium-pressure compressor, and a high-pressure compressor which are connected in sequence, the inlet of the low-pressure compressor is connected to the low-pressure recovery well, the outlet of the high-pressure compressor is connected to the heat source side inlet of the post-compression heat exchanger, the heat source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger is connected to the high-pressure injection well, and the cold source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger is connected to a heat user.

[0012] Preferably, the outlet of the low-pressure recovery well is connected in sequence to a low-pressure throttle valve and a cooler, and the air outlet of the cooler is connected to the air inlet of the low-pressure compressor.

[0013] Preferably, the booster comprises an energy replenishment compressor, and the energy replenishment compressor is connected between the gas outlet end of the desorption tower and the high-pressure injection well.

[0014] Preferably, the multi-stage expansion section includes a high-pressure expander, a medium-pressure expander, and a low-pressure expander which are connected in sequence, the air inlet end of the high-pressure expander is connected to the high-pressure recovery well through a low-pressure throttle valve, and the air outlet end of the low-pressure expander is connected to the low-pressure injection well.

[0015] Preferably, the heat absorption component includes a first interstage cooler and a second interstage cooler, the heat source side inlet of the first interstage cooler is connected to the outlet of the low-pressure compressor, the heat source side outlet of the first interstage cooler is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure compressor, the heat source side inlet of the second interstage cooler is connected to the outlet of the medium-pressure compressor, and the heat source side outlet of the second interstage cooler is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure compressor.

[0016] Preferably, the heat release component includes a first interstage reheater and a second interstage reheater, the cold source side inlet of the first interstage reheater is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure expander, the cold source side outlet of the first interstage reheater is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure expander, the cold source side inlet of the second interstage reheater is connected to the outlet of the medium-pressure expander, and the cold source side outlet of the second interstage reheater is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure expander.

[0017] Preferably, the heat exchange element comprises a cold storage tank and a heat storage tank, the inlet of the cold storage tank is respectively communicated with the heat source side outlets of the first interstage reheater and the second interstage reheater, the outlet of the cold storage tank is respectively communicated with the cold source side inlet of the first interstage cooler and the second interstage cooler, the inlet of the heat storage tank is respectively communicated with the cold source side outlet of the first interstage cooler and the second interstage cooler, and the outlet of the heat storage tank is respectively communicated with the heat source side inlet of the first interstage reheater and the second interstage reheater;

[0018] The outlet of the cold storage tank is communicated with the cold source side inlet of the heat exchanger, and the inlet of the heat storage tank is communicated with the cold source side outlet of the heat exchanger.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:

[0020] 1. The present invention uses depleted oil and gas reservoirs as gas storage to store high-pressure and low-pressure carbon dioxide, solving the problem of large-capacity gas storage required for carbon dioxide energy storage. At the same time, geothermal energy in depleted oil and gas reservoirs can be used to heat carbon dioxide, thereby improving the work capacity of carbon dioxide and improving the thermal energy utilization rate of the carbon dioxide energy storage system.

[0021] 2. The waste heat generated in the transcritical carbon dioxide system is supplied to heat users, which improves the thermal energy utilization rate of the system and realizes cogeneration of heat and power.

[0022] 3. Use the carbon dioxide capture system to capture carbon dioxide, and inject the captured carbon dioxide into the low-pressure and high-pressure gas storage reservoirs during the energy storage and energy release processes, respectively, to maintain the pressure stability of the low-pressure and high-pressure gas storage reservoirs and further improve the system performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy storage system of the present invention;

[0025] Among them, 1. Carbon dioxide absorption tower; 2. Lean and rich liquid heat exchanger; 3. Desorption tower; 4. Reboiler; 5. Heat exchanger; 6. Alcoholamine solution storage tank; 7. Energy replenishment compressor; 8. Low-pressure compressor; 9. Medium-pressure compressor; 10. High-pressure compressor; 11. First interstage cooler; 12. Second interstage cooler; 13. High-pressure injection well; 14. High-pressure recovery well; 15. High-pressure throttle valve; 16. High-pressure expander; 17. Medium-pressure expander; 18. Low-pressure expander; 19. First interstage reheater; 20. Second interstage reheater; 21. Low-pressure injection well; 22. Low-pressure recovery well; 23. Low-pressure throttle valve; 24. Cooler; 25. Cold storage tank; 26. Heat storage tank; 27. Post-compression heat exchanger. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Reference Figure 1 The present invention provides a transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture, comprising:

[0029] The carbon dioxide capture assembly comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 and a desorption tower 3 which are connected in sequence, and an alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism is arranged between the desorption tower 3 and the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1;

[0030] The carbon dioxide energy storage component includes a low-pressure recovery well 22, the outlet of the low-pressure recovery well 22 is connected to a multi-stage pressurization part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage pressurization part is connected to the gas inlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger 27, the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger 27 is connected to the high-pressure injection well 13, the post-compression heat exchanger 27 is used to supply the waste heat of the carbon dioxide gas to the heat user, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower 3 is connected to the high-pressure injection well 13 through a pressurization component;

[0031] The carbon dioxide energy release component includes a high-pressure recovery well 14, the outlet of the high-pressure recovery well 14 is connected to a multi-stage expansion part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage expansion part is connected to a low-pressure injection well 21, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower 3 is connected to the low-pressure injection well 21;

[0032] The heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat absorbing component arranged in the multi-stage pressurizing part and a heat releasing component arranged in the multi-stage expansion part. A heat exchange component is arranged between the heat absorbing component and the heat releasing component. The alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism is arranged correspondingly to the heat exchange component.

[0033] To further optimize the solution, the high-pressure injection well 13 and the high-pressure recovery well 14, and the low-pressure injection well 21 and the low-pressure recovery well 22 are respectively connected to the depleted oil and gas reservoirs.

[0034] The main function of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is to use the alcohol amine solution of the alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism to absorb carbon dioxide in the industrial flue gas and discharge clean gas; the main function of the desorption tower 3 is to desorb and regenerate the flue gas that absorbs carbon dioxide, so that the carbon dioxide enters the depleted oil and gas reservoir; the main function of the alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism is to enable the alcohol amine solution to complete the cycle of absorption and regeneration between the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 and the desorption tower 3; the main function of the multi-stage pressurization part is to pressurize the low-pressure carbon dioxide to a high-pressure state; the main function of the post-compression heat exchanger 27 is to absorb the heat in the pressurized carbon dioxide gas and supply it to heat users, thereby improving the thermal utilization rate of the system; the main function of the multi-stage expansion part is to make the high-pressure carbon dioxide work and convert the energy of the high-pressure carbon dioxide into mechanical energy; the main function of the heat exchange element is to enable the heat energy between the heat absorption element and the heat release element to be mutually utilized, thereby further improving the thermal efficiency of the system.

[0035] To further optimize the solution, the amine solution circulation mechanism includes a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2, the cold source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2 is connected to the bottom outlet of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1, the cold source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2 is connected to the top inlet of the desorption tower 3, the bottom outlet of the desorption tower 3 is connected to the outlet of the reboiler 4, the top outlet of the reboiler 4 is connected to the bottom inlet of the desorption tower 3, the bottom outlet of the reboiler 4 is connected to the heat source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2, the heat source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2 is connected to the heat source side inlet of the heat exchanger 5, the heat source side outlet of the heat exchanger 5 is connected to the inlet of the amine solution storage tank 6, and the outlet of the amine solution storage tank 6 is connected to the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1.

[0036] The industrially discharged carbon dioxide flue gas is transported to the bottom of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 after denitration and desulfurization. The flue gas at the bottom of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is countercurrently contacted with the lean alcoholamine solution (the alcoholamine solution that does not absorb carbon dioxide is called lean liquid) flowing down from the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 to absorb carbon dioxide. Afterwards, the flue gas with carbon dioxide removed is discharged from the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1, and the alcoholamine rich liquid is sent to the desorption tower 3 for desorption and regeneration after heat exchange treatment in the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger 2 (the operating temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption tower 1 is lower than that of the desorption tower 3, so it needs to be heated by the lean and rich liquid heat exchanger 2). In the desorption process, the rich liquid is decomposed by steam heating in the desorption tower 3, and the alcoholamine and carbon dioxide are regenerated. At this time, part of the alcoholamine solution that does not absorb carbon dioxide is discharged through the bottom of the desorption tower 3, enters the reboiler 4 for heating again, so as to completely desorb carbon dioxide. The desorbed carbon dioxide enters the desorption tower 3 and is discharged from the top of the tower for sealing or utilization. The desorbed amine solution is again passed into the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2 and the heat exchanger 5 to be cooled to a temperature equivalent to the flue gas temperature and then stored in the amine solution storage tank 6 for recovery and reuse when the capture system is operated next time.

[0037] According to a further optimization scheme, the heat exchanger 5 can be an alcohol amine solution / thermal oil heat exchanger, an alcohol amine solution / cooling water heat exchanger, or other heat storage media.

[0038] To further optimize the solution, the multi-stage pressurization section includes a low-pressure compressor 8, a medium-pressure compressor 9, and a high-pressure compressor 10 which are connected in sequence, the inlet of the low-pressure compressor 8 is connected to the low-pressure recovery well 22, the outlet of the high-pressure compressor 10 is connected to the heat source side inlet of the post-compression heat exchanger 27, the heat source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger 27 is connected to the high-pressure injection well 13, and the cold source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger 27 is connected to a heat user.

[0039] To further optimize the solution, the outlet of the low-pressure recovery well 22 is connected to a low-pressure throttle valve 23 and a cooler 24 in sequence, and the air outlet of the cooler 24 is connected to the air inlet of the low-pressure compressor 8.

[0040] Energy storage process: During the period of low electricity consumption, the carbon dioxide in the low-pressure recovery well 22 is released, and the temperature and pressure are maintained stable through the low-pressure throttle valve 23 and the cooler 24. The carbon dioxide then enters the low-pressure compressor 8, the medium-pressure compressor 9 and the high-pressure compressor 10 and is compressed to a high-temperature and high-pressure state. The carbon dioxide at the outlet of the high-pressure compressor 10 is compressed through the post-heat exchanger 27 to utilize the waste heat of the gas and supply it to heat users. The carbon dioxide after heat exchange is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the high-pressure injection well 13. This is the energy storage process of the carbon dioxide energy storage system.

[0041] While the energy storage process is in progress, the carbon dioxide discharged from the desorption tower 3 is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the low-pressure injection well 21 to ensure that the outlet pressure of the low-pressure recovery well 22 is constant, thereby improving system performance.

[0042] According to a further optimized solution, the booster includes an energy replenishment compressor 7 , which is connected between the gas outlet of the desorption tower 3 and the high-pressure injection well 13 .

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, when in the energy storage process, the carbon dioxide at the top of the desorption tower 3 is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the low-pressure injection well 21 to maintain the pressure stability in the energy storage stage; when in the energy release process, the carbon dioxide at the top of the desorption tower 3 is compressed by the energy replenishment compressor 7 and injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the high-pressure injection well 13 to maintain the pressure stability in the energy release stage.

[0044] To further optimize the solution, the multi-stage expansion section includes a high-pressure expander 16, a medium-pressure expander 17, and a low-pressure expander 18 which are connected in sequence. The air inlet end of the high-pressure expander 16 is connected to the high-pressure recovery well 14 through a high-pressure throttle valve 15, and the air outlet end of the low-pressure expander 18 is connected to the low-pressure injection well 21.

[0045] Energy release process: During the peak period of electricity consumption, the high-pressure recovery well 14 releases high-temperature and high-pressure carbon dioxide, which enters the high-pressure expander 16, the medium-pressure expander 17 and the low-pressure expander 18 to perform work after the pressure is stabilized by the high-pressure throttle valve 15. The carbon dioxide that has performed work is injected into the depleted oil and gas reservoir through the low-pressure injection well 21.

[0046] A further optimized solution is that the heat absorption component includes a first interstage cooler 11 and a second interstage cooler 12, the heat source side inlet of the first interstage cooler 11 is connected to the outlet of the low-pressure compressor 8, the heat source side outlet of the first interstage cooler 11 is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure compressor 9, the heat source side inlet of the second interstage cooler 12 is connected to the outlet of the medium-pressure compressor 9, and the heat source side outlet of the second interstage cooler 12 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure compressor 10.

[0047] The scheme is further optimized, and the heat release component includes a first interstage reheater 19 and a second interstage reheater 20, the cold source side inlet of the first interstage reheater 19 is connected to the outlet of the high-pressure expander 16, the cold source side outlet of the first interstage reheater 19 is connected to the inlet of the medium-pressure expander 17, the cold source side inlet of the second interstage reheater 20 is connected to the outlet of the medium-pressure expander 17, and the cold source side outlet of the second interstage reheater 20 is connected to the inlet of the low-pressure expander 18.

[0048] Further optimizing the scheme, the heat exchange element includes a cold storage tank 25 and a heat storage tank 26, the inlet of the cold storage tank 25 is respectively connected to the heat source side outlet of the first interstage reheater 19 and the second interstage reheater 20, the outlet of the cold storage tank 25 is respectively connected to the cold source side inlet of the first interstage cooler 11 and the second interstage cooler 12, the inlet of the heat storage tank 26 is respectively connected to the cold source side outlet of the first interstage cooler 11 and the second interstage cooler 12, and the outlet of the heat storage tank 26 is respectively connected to the heat source side inlet of the first interstage reheater 19 and the second interstage reheater 20;

[0049] The outlet of the cold storage tank 25 is communicated with the cold source side inlet of the heat exchanger 5 , and the inlet of the heat storage tank 26 is communicated with the cold source side outlet of the heat exchanger 5 .

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, during the energy storage process, the cold storage tank 25 releases the cooling medium, and the compression heat during the pressurization process of the low-pressure compressor 8 and the medium-pressure compressor 9 is recovered through the first interstage cooler 11 and the second interstage cooler 12, and the heated medium is stored in the heat storage tank 26.

[0051] During the energy release process, the heat storage tank 26 releases the medium into the first interstage reheater 19 and the second interstage reheater 20, and uses the compression heat stored in the heat storage tank 26 to further heat the carbon dioxide, thereby improving the work capacity of the carbon dioxide and thus improving the system efficiency.

[0052] After heat exchange in the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger 2, the temperature of the alcoholamine solution flowing to the alcoholamine solution storage tank 6 is relatively high. The heat exchanger 5 is used to heat the medium in the cold storage tank 25 and transport it to the heat storage tank 26, thereby utilizing high-temperature waste heat to increase the temperature of the heat storage tank 26.

[0053] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0054] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture, characterized in that: include: A carbon dioxide capture assembly comprises a carbon dioxide absorption tower (1) and a desorption tower (3) which are connected in sequence, wherein an alcoholamine solution circulation mechanism is arranged between the desorption tower (3) and the carbon dioxide absorption tower (1); A carbon dioxide energy storage component comprises a low-pressure recovery well (22), the outlet of the low-pressure recovery well (22) is connected to a multi-stage pressurizing unit, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage pressurizing unit is connected to the gas inlet end of a post-compression heat exchanger (27), the gas outlet end of the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is connected to a high-pressure injection well (13), the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is used to supply waste heat of carbon dioxide gas to heat users, and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower (3) is connected to the high-pressure injection well (13) through a pressurizing component; A carbon dioxide energy release component comprises a high-pressure recovery well (14), the outlet of the high-pressure recovery well (14) is connected to a multi-stage expansion part, the gas outlet end of the multi-stage expansion part is connected to a low-pressure injection well (21), and the gas outlet end of the desorption tower (3) is connected to the low-pressure injection well (21); The heat exchange mechanism comprises a heat absorbing component arranged in the multi-stage pressurizing part and a heat releasing component arranged in the multi-stage expansion part. A heat exchange component is arranged between the heat absorbing component and the heat releasing component. The alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism is arranged corresponding to the heat exchange component.

2. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The alcohol amine solution circulation mechanism comprises a lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (2), the cold source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected to the bottom outlet of the absorption tower (1), the cold source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected to the top inlet of the desorption tower (3), the bottom outlet of the desorption tower (3) is connected to the outlet of a reboiler (4), the top outlet of the reboiler (4) is connected to the bottom inlet of the desorption tower (3), the bottom outlet of the reboiler (4) is connected to the heat source side inlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (2), the heat source side outlet of the lean-rich liquid heat exchanger (2) is connected to the heat source side inlet of a heat exchanger (5), the heat source side outlet of the heat exchanger (5) is connected to the inlet of an alcohol amine solution storage tank (6), and the outlet of the alcohol amine solution storage tank (6) is connected to the top of the carbon dioxide absorption tower (1).

3. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The multi-stage pressurizing unit comprises a low-pressure compressor (8), a medium-pressure compressor (9), and a high-pressure compressor (10) which are connected in sequence, wherein the inlet of the low-pressure compressor (8) is connected to the low-pressure recovery well (22), the outlet of the high-pressure compressor (10) is connected to the heat source side inlet of the post-compression heat exchanger (27), the heat source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is connected to the high-pressure injection well (13), and the cold source side outlet of the post-compression heat exchanger (27) is connected to a heat user.

4. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 3, characterized in that: The outlet of the low-pressure recovery well (22) is connected in sequence to a low-pressure throttle valve (23) and a cooler (24), and the air outlet of the cooler (24) is connected to the air inlet of the low-pressure compressor (8).

5. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The booster comprises an energy replenishment compressor (7), and the energy replenishment compressor (7) is connected between the gas outlet end of the desorption tower (3) and the high-pressure injection well (13).

6. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multi-stage expansion unit comprises a high-pressure expander (16), a medium-pressure expander (17), and a low-pressure expander (18) which are connected in sequence. The air inlet end of the high-pressure expander (16) is connected to the high-pressure recovery well (14) through a low-pressure throttle valve (15), and the air outlet end of the low-pressure expander (18) is connected to the low-pressure injection well (21).

7. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat absorbing component comprises a first interstage cooler (11) and a second interstage cooler (12); a heat source side inlet of the first interstage cooler (11) is connected to an outlet of the low-pressure compressor (8); a heat source side outlet of the first interstage cooler (11) is connected to an inlet of the medium-pressure compressor (9); a heat source side inlet of the second interstage cooler (12) is connected to an outlet of the medium-pressure compressor (9); and a heat source side outlet of the second interstage cooler (12) is connected to an inlet of the high-pressure compressor (10).

8. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 7, characterized in that: The heat release element comprises a first interstage reheater (19) and a second interstage reheater (20), wherein a cold source side inlet of the first interstage reheater (19) is connected to an outlet of the high-pressure expander (16), a cold source side outlet of the first interstage reheater (19) is connected to an inlet of the medium-pressure expander (17), a cold source side inlet of the second interstage reheater (20) is connected to an outlet of the medium-pressure expander (17), and a cold source side outlet of the second interstage reheater (20) is connected to an inlet of the low-pressure expander (18).

9. A transcritical carbon dioxide energy storage system based on carbon capture according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heat exchange element comprises a cold storage tank (25) and a heat storage tank (26); the inlet of the cold storage tank (25) is respectively connected to the heat source side outlets of the first interstage reheater (19) and the second interstage reheater (20); the outlet of the cold storage tank (25) is respectively connected to the cold source side inlet of the first interstage cooler (11) and the second interstage cooler (12); the inlet of the heat storage tank (26) is respectively connected to the cold source side outlet of the first interstage cooler (11) and the second interstage cooler (12); the outlet of the heat storage tank (26) is respectively connected to the heat source side inlet of the first interstage reheater (19) and the second interstage reheater (20); The outlet of the cold storage tank (25) is communicated with the inlet of the cold source side of the heat exchanger (5), and the inlet of the heat storage tank (26) is communicated with the outlet of the cold source side of the heat exchanger (5).

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