Low-rotational-flow head structure of natural gas hydrogen-doped gas turbine combustion chamber

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion chambers, and particularly relates to a natural gas hydrogen-doped gas turbine combustion chamber low-rotational-flow head structure which comprises a gas turbine body, a combustion chamber is fixedly installed in the middle of the gas turbine body, and a cylindrical combustion pipe is fixedly connected into the combustion chamber. A turbulent flow mechanism is fixedly mounted in the cylindrical combustion tube, and a rotational flow mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cylindrical combustion tube; through cooperation of the structure and the arranged turbulent flow mechanism, the turbulent flow mechanism is additionally arranged in the low-rotational-flow head structure of the combustion chamber of the natural gas hydrogen-doped gas turbine, so that the combustion performance, the stability and the emission characteristic can be remarkably improved, and the turbulent flow mechanism can disturb the laminar flow state of airflow by introducing vortex or changing the airflow direction; the mixing of natural gas, hydrogen and air is enhanced, the combustion uniformity is improved, heat distribution can be effectively and uniformly distributed through the introduction of turbulent flow, the formation of hot spots is reduced, and the durability of the combustion chamber is conveniently improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of combustion chambers, in particular to a low swirl head structure of a combustion chamber of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine. Background Art

[0002] A gas turbine is a thermal engine that uses gas as a working medium. It is widely used in fields such as power generation and aviation. It produces high-temperature and high-pressure gas by burning fuel. These gases drive the turbine to rotate, thereby driving the generator or other mechanical equipment. Natural gas hydrogen blending refers to mixing hydrogen and natural gas in a certain proportion to form a mixed gas that can be used for combustion or as an energy carrier. This practice is of great significance in promoting clean energy, reducing carbon emissions and achieving energy system transformation. The low-swirl head structure of the combustion chamber of the natural gas hydrogen blended gas turbine is a key component designed to optimize the combustion of fuel (natural gas and hydrogen mixture). This design is crucial to improving combustion efficiency, reducing emissions and ensuring combustion stability.

[0003] A Chinese invention patent publication number CN 107543202 B discloses a single swirl head structure for a low-pollution combustion chamber of a gas turbine. The key points of its technical solution are: including mixing central swirl air with central natural gas, mixing outer wall non-swirl air with outer wall natural gas, and then further mixing swirl air, non-swirl air, central natural gas, and outer wall natural gas in a natural gas-air mixing chamber, which can improve the mixing uniformity of natural gas-air, avoid the occurrence of hot spots, and effectively reduce the generation of nitrogen oxides; the air supply method combining central swirl and outer wall non-swirl can reduce the swirl intensity of the head outlet airflow and reduce the risk of oscillating combustion; the method of combining central natural gas and outer wall natural gas can not only improve the NOx-CO ratio, but also help stabilize the flame; the head outlet convergence section can increase the speed of the natural gas-air mixed airflow and effectively prevent the occurrence of flashback; the tangential air inlet holes on the outer wall of the swirler can reduce the risk of spontaneous combustion inside the head structure.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned technologies often have the following defects: when gas is emitted from the low-swirl head structure of the combustion chamber, the low-swirl design may cause the mixing of fuel and air to be less uniform than that of the high-swirl design, thereby affecting the completeness of combustion, resulting in uneven distribution of heat load. The uneven distribution of heat load may cause the temperature in some areas to be too high, resulting in local overheating, which in turn causes softening or embrittlement of the material and increases the risk of structural failure. In addition, the uneven heat distribution of the low-swirl head may cause the fuel to fail to burn fully in some areas, increase the emission of unburned fuel, and reduce combustion efficiency.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides a low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to make up for the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem raised in the background technology is solved.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: a low swirl head structure of a combustion chamber of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to the present invention comprises a gas turbine body, a combustion chamber is fixedly installed in the middle of the gas turbine body, a cylindrical combustion pipe is fixedly connected inside the combustion chamber, a flow disturbance mechanism is fixedly installed inside the cylindrical combustion pipe, a swirl mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cylindrical combustion pipe, a connecting block fixed thereon surrounds the bottom end surface of the cylindrical combustion pipe, and a drainage pipe is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting block;

[0008] The spoiler mechanism comprises a spoiler net, both sides of which are fixedly connected with connecting rods, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylindrical combustion tube, and a spoiler hole is opened on the surface of the spoiler net.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, the swirl mechanism includes a connecting plate, the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cylindrical combustion tube, the interior of the connecting plate is fixedly connected with swirl blades, the inner side walls of the swirl blades are fixedly connected with flow plates at intervals, and the surface of the flow plate is provided with air intake grooves.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, a clamping ring is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the cylindrical combustion tube, a cooling tube is fixedly connected to the middle part of the clamping ring, and a coolant is provided inside the cooling tube.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, a support rod is fixedly connected to the middle part of the spoiler net, and a swirl conduit is fixedly connected to the inside of the spoiler net, and the swirl conduit is spiral in shape.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, a tapered conical tube is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting plate, and a gas fuel outlet groove is opened on the surface of the tapered conical tube.

[0013] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, a gas collecting nozzle is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the tapered tube, an A gas fuel spray hole is provided on the outer surface of the gas collecting nozzle, and a B gas fuel spray hole is provided on the side of the outer surface of the gas collecting nozzle close to the A gas fuel spray hole.

[0014] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, a gas outlet nozzle is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the gas collecting nozzle, a head mixed gas outlet is opened on the upper surface of the gas outlet nozzle, and a blocking plate is fixedly connected to the inside of the head mixed gas outlet.

[0015] As a preferred technical solution of the present application, dispersion holes are opened on the surface of the cylindrical combustion tube, and a plurality of the dispersion holes are arranged side by side.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] 1. A low swirl head structure of a combustion chamber of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine according to the present invention can significantly improve combustion performance, stability and emission characteristics by providing a turbulent mechanism. The turbulent mechanism can disrupt the laminar flow state of the airflow by introducing vortices or changing the airflow direction, thereby enhancing the mixing of natural gas and hydrogen with air and improving the uniformity of combustion. The introduction of turbulence can effectively even out heat distribution, reduce the formation of hot spots, and facilitate improving the durability of the combustion chamber.

[0018] 2. The low swirl head structure of the combustion chamber of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine described in the present invention has a swirl mechanism, which forms a swirling airflow, so that the mixture of natural gas and hydrogen is more fully in contact with the air, thereby promoting the uniformity of the mixture and ensuring that the fuel and oxygen react fully. The swirl mechanism can maintain the stability of the flame and reduce the risk of flameout caused by changes in fuel composition. Especially under low load or instantaneous load fluctuation conditions, the swirl airflow achieves a more uniform heat distribution, avoids local overheating or cooling, reduces the thermal shock to the combustion chamber wall, and prolongs the service life of the material;

[0019] 3. The low-swirl head structure of the combustion chamber of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine described in the present invention, by setting a drainage pipe, adds a drainage pipe in the combustion chamber of the natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine, can strengthen the guiding effect of the airflow, make the mixing of air and hydrogen-blended fuel more uniform, avoid local airflow deviation, and thus promote more stable combustion. By reasonably arranging the drainage pipe, the chaos and vortex formation inside the airflow can be reduced, ensuring that the flow of gas in the combustion chamber is more coherent, thereby improving the overall combustion efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a low swirl head structure of a natural gas hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of a gas turbine body in a low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber;

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of a spoiler net in a low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber;

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of swirl blades in a low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber;

[0025] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cylindrical combustion tube in a low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber;

[0026] Figure 6 The diagram is a structural diagram of a gas collecting nozzle in a low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen blended gas turbine combustion chamber.

[0027] In the figure: 1. gas turbine body; 2. combustion chamber; 3. cylindrical combustion tube; 4. connecting block; 5. drainage tube; 6. spoiler net; 7. connecting rod; 8. spoiler hole; 9. connecting plate; 10. swirl blade; 11. flow plate; 12. clamping ring; 13. cooling tube; 14. support rod; 15. swirl duct; 16. tapered conical tube; 17. gas fuel outlet groove; 18. gas collecting nozzle; 19. A gas fuel spray hole; 20. B gas fuel spray hole; 21. gas outlet nozzle; 22. barrier plate; 23. dispersion hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with specific implementation methods.

[0029] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 6 , the present invention provides two technical solutions:

[0030] Embodiment 1:

[0031] A low swirl head structure of a combustion chamber of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine comprises a gas turbine body 1, a combustion chamber 2 is fixedly installed in the middle of the gas turbine body 1, a cylindrical combustion tube 3 is fixedly connected inside the combustion chamber 2, a turbulence mechanism is fixedly installed inside the cylindrical combustion tube 3, a swirl mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cylindrical combustion tube 3, a connection block 4 fixed thereon surrounds the bottom end surface of the cylindrical combustion tube 3, and a drainage tube 5 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connection block 4;

[0032] The spoiler mechanism includes a spoiler net 6, both sides of which are fixedly connected with connecting rods 7, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cylindrical combustion tube 3, and a spoiler hole 8 is opened on the surface of the spoiler net 6. Adding a spoiler mechanism to the low-swirl head structure of the combustion chamber of the natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine can significantly improve the combustion performance, stability and emission characteristics. The spoiler net 6 in the spoiler mechanism can disrupt the laminar state of the airflow by introducing vortices or changing the direction of the airflow, enhance the mixing of natural gas and hydrogen with air, improve the uniformity of combustion, and discharge the gas from the spoiler holes 8 on the surface of the spoiler net 6. The introduction of the spoiler can effectively even out the heat distribution, reduce the formation of hot spots, and facilitate improving the durability of the combustion chamber 2.

[0033] Embodiment 2:

[0034] On the basis of Example 1: the swirl mechanism includes a connecting plate 9, the bottom of the connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the tubular combustion tube 3, the interior of the connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected with swirl blades 10, the inner side walls of the swirl blades 10 are fixedly connected with flow plates 11 at intervals, and the surface of the flow plate 11 is provided with air intake grooves.

[0035] A clamping ring 12 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the cylindrical combustion tube 3, and a cooling pipe 13 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the clamping ring 12. A coolant is arranged inside the cooling pipe 13. The setting of the cooling pipe 13 can reduce the formation of local high-temperature areas, reduce the thermal shock to the combustion chamber 2 material, and extend its service life. The cooling pipe 13 can help maintain the stability of the combustion process, reduce the risk of flameout for natural gas mixed with hydrogen, and enable the gas turbine body 1 to operate stably under various load conditions.

[0036] A support rod 14 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the spoiler net 6, and a swirl duct 15 is fixedly connected to the inside of the spoiler net 6. The swirl duct 15 is spiral in shape. The gas is disrupted and scattered into the spoiler net 6, and the gas is drained along the swirl duct 15 and guided into the cylindrical combustion tube 3. The spiral guide tube can effectively guide the gas flow, promote the uniform mixing of natural gas and hydrogen, reduce the dead zone and blind zone of the gas in the combustion chamber 2, and improve the mixing effect.

[0037] A tapered conical tube 16 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connecting plate 9 , and a gas fuel outlet groove 17 is formed on the surface of the tapered conical tube 16 .

[0038] A gas collecting nozzle 18 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the tapered tube 16, and an A gas fuel spray hole 19 is provided on the outer surface of the gas collecting nozzle 18. A B gas fuel spray hole 20 is provided on the outer surface of the gas collecting nozzle 18 close to the A gas fuel spray hole 19. The uniform gas is sprayed out from the gas fuel outlet groove 17 of the tapered tube 16, and can also be dispersed from the dispersion holes 23. Part of the gas can be dispersed to play a role in dispersion and drainage, and the other part of the gas is sprayed out from the A gas fuel spray hole 19 and the B gas fuel spray hole 20 at the gas collecting nozzle 18, which is convenient for dispersing the gas.

[0039] The upper surface of the gas collecting nozzle 18 is fixedly connected to a gas outlet nozzle 21, and a head mixed gas outlet is opened on the upper surface of the gas outlet nozzle 21. The inside of the head mixed gas outlet is fixedly connected to a blocking plate 22. The gas that is not completely dispersed is dispersed from the gas outlet nozzle 21, and the blocking plate 22 is used to block and disperse the gas, so that the gas outlet is more uniform.

[0040] The surface of the cylindrical combustion tube 3 is provided with dispersion holes 23, and a number of the dispersion holes 23 are arranged side by side. The gas in the combustion chamber 2 flows into the cylindrical combustion tube 3 and can be dispersed from the dispersion holes 23 in the cylindrical combustion tube 3, achieving a dispersed outflow effect.

[0041] Working principle: When the gas turbine body 1 is working, the gas in the combustion chamber 2 flows from the cylindrical combustion tube 3 and flows from the spoiler net 6. The spoiler net 6 can be used to introduce vortices or change the direction of the airflow to disrupt the laminar state of the airflow, enhance the mixing of natural gas and hydrogen with air, and improve the uniformity of combustion. Subsequently, the gas is disrupted and dispersed into the spoiler net 6, and the gas is guided along the swirl duct 15 and guided into the cylindrical combustion tube 3. It flows from the swirl blades 10 to form a rotating airflow. The swirl mechanism forms a rotating airflow, so that the mixture of natural gas and hydrogen is more fully in contact with the air, which promotes the uniformity of mixing and ensures that the fuel and The oxygen reacts fully, and then the uniform gas is ejected from the gas fuel outlet groove 17 of the tapered tube 16, or it can be dispersed from the dispersion hole 23, which can disperse part of the gas to play a role in dispersion and drainage, and avoid the gas from flowing from one place. The gas is dispersed from one outlet, which may cause uneven airflow distribution in the combustion chamber 2, which may cause local overheating or cooling, and reduce the combustion efficiency. Especially in the case of hydrogen mixing, the gas is dispersed from a single outlet, which may form a combustible mixed gas, increasing the risk of explosion and fire. Uneven combustion may cause local high temperature, thereby increasing the generation of harmful substances such as NOx, affecting environmental compliance, and another Part of the gas is ejected from the A gas fuel injection hole 19 and the B gas fuel injection hole 20 at the gas collecting nozzle 18, which is convenient for dispersing the gas. The gas that is not completely dispersed is dispersed from the gas outlet nozzle 21. The gas is blocked and dispersed by the blocking plate 22, which is convenient for the gas to be more uniform when it is discharged. When the gas is burned, the temperature in the combustion chamber 2 can be reduced by using the cooling pipe 13. The cooling pipe 13 can effectively absorb and take away the heat generated during the combustion process, thereby reducing the overall temperature in the combustion chamber 2 and protecting the equipment and materials. The setting of the cooling pipe 13 can reduce the formation of local high-temperature areas, reduce the thermal shock to the materials in the combustion chamber 2, and prolong its service life. The cooling pipe 13 can help maintain the stability of the combustion process and reduce the risk of flameout for natural gas mixed with hydrogen, so that the gas turbine body 1 can operate stably under various load conditions. Subsequently, the drainage pipe 5 is used to drain the gas in the combustion chamber 2 that has not entered the cylindrical combustion pipe 3. The design of the drainage pipe 5 can enhance the guiding effect of the airflow, so that the mixing of air and hydrogen-blended fuel is more uniform, avoiding local airflow deviation, thereby promoting more stable combustion. By reasonably arranging the drainage pipe 5, the chaos and vortex formation inside the airflow can be reduced, ensuring that the flow of the gas in the combustion chamber 2 is more coherent, and improving the overall combustion efficiency.

[0042] The above-mentioned front, back, left, right, top and bottom are all based on the figures in the specification. Figure 1 As a benchmark, according to the person's observation perspective, the side of the device facing the observer is defined as the front, the left side of the observer is defined as the left, and so on.

[0043] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A low swirl head structure for a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber, characterized in that: The invention comprises a gas turbine body (1), a combustion chamber (2) is fixedly installed in the middle of the gas turbine body (1), a cylindrical combustion tube (3) is fixedly connected inside the combustion chamber (2), a flow disturbance mechanism is fixedly installed inside the cylindrical combustion tube (3), a swirl mechanism is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the cylindrical combustion tube (3), a connection block (4) fixed thereon surrounds the bottom end surface of the cylindrical combustion tube (3), and a drainage tube (5) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connection block (4); The spoiler mechanism comprises a spoiler net (6), both sides of which are fixedly connected to connecting rods (7), one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tubular combustion tube (3), and a spoiler hole (8) is provided on the surface of the spoiler net (6).

2. The low swirl head structure of a natural gas hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swirl mechanism comprises a connecting plate (9), the bottom of which is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the tubular combustion tube (3), the interior of which is fixedly connected to swirl blades (10), the inner side walls of which are fixedly connected to flow plates (11) at intervals, and the surface of which is provided with air intake grooves.

3. The low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: A clamping ring (12) is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the cylindrical combustion tube (3), a cooling tube (13) is fixedly connected to the middle of the clamping ring (12), and a coolant is provided inside the cooling tube (13).

4. The low swirl head structure of a natural gas hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support rod (14) is fixedly connected to the middle of the spoiler net (6), and a swirl conduit (15) is fixedly connected to the inside of the spoiler net (6), wherein the swirl conduit (15) is in a spiral shape.

5. The low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 2, characterized in that: A tapered conical tube (16) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the connection plate (9), and a gas fuel outlet groove (17) is provided on the surface of the tapered conical tube (16).

6. The low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 5, characterized in that: A gas collecting nozzle (18) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the tapered tube (16); an A gas fuel spray hole (19) is provided on the outer surface of the gas collecting nozzle (18); and a B gas fuel spray hole (20) is provided on the outer surface of the gas collecting nozzle (18) on a side close to the A gas fuel spray hole (19).

7. The low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 6, characterized in that: The upper surface of the gas collecting nozzle (18) is fixedly connected to a gas outlet nozzle (21), the upper surface of the gas outlet nozzle (21) is provided with a head mixed gas outlet, and the interior of the head mixed gas outlet is fixedly connected to a blocking plate (22).

8. The low swirl head structure of a natural gas-hydrogen-blended gas turbine combustion chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the cylindrical combustion tube (3) is provided with dispersion holes (23), and a plurality of the dispersion holes (23) are arranged side by side.

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