All-season heat pipe heat exchange system in frozen soil region

Abstract

The invention provides a permafrost region all-season heat pipe heat exchange system which comprises a heat pipe used for being arranged in a permafrost region and internally provided with a refrigeration working medium vaporized when the set temperature is reached, the heat pipe is provided with a condensation part, a refrigeration part and an evaporation part which are sequentially communicated from top to bottom, and the condensation part and the refrigeration part are located on the earth surface of the permafrost region correspondingly; the evaporation part is located in a frozen soil layer of the frozen soil area; the refrigerating system comprises a refrigerating device arranged on the outer side of the refrigerating part, and cold bath liquid capable of providing cold energy is arranged in the refrigerating device; and the gas circulating system exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid through internal circulating gas. Cooling of the heat pipe can be achieved through the refrigerating system, heat exchange of the refrigerating system can be achieved through the gas circulating system, and therefore it is guaranteed that the refrigerating system always has the proper temperature, continuous cooling of the heat pipe at any time period can be achieved, the defect that a traditional heat pipe cannot work in the high-temperature season is overcome, and full-year protection of frozen soil is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of heat exchange equipment, and in particular to an all-season heat pipe heat exchange system in frozen soil areas. Background Art

[0002] Due to climate change and engineering activities, permafrost areas are prone to freeze-thaw cycle damage, which leads to reduced thermal stability of the permafrost layer, and then causes problems such as frost heave and thaw settlement, seriously affecting the service life of infrastructure.

[0003] Commonly used permafrost protection measures include passive insulation and active cooling technologies. Traditional heat pipe technology has been widely used in permafrost cooling due to its superior thermal conductivity. However, in hot summer or when the environmental heat load is high, the efficiency of traditional heat pipes that rely solely on ambient temperature differences decreases significantly, making it difficult to achieve stable cooling of permafrost.

[0004] On the other hand, existing active cooling systems, such as compressor refrigeration systems, although they can provide forced cooling, usually have problems of high energy consumption and poor environmental adaptability, which limits their widespread application in extreme climatic conditions. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a permafrost region all-season heat pipe heat exchange system, which can achieve seasonal cooling in the permafrost region.

[0006] The embodiment of the present invention is achieved as follows:

[0007] The present application provides a permafrost region all-season heat pipe heat exchange system, comprising:

[0008] A heat pipe, which is arranged in a frozen soil region and has a refrigerant therein which vaporizes when a set temperature is reached, wherein the heat pipe comprises a condensation portion, a refrigeration portion and an evaporation portion which are sequentially connected and arranged from top to bottom, wherein the condensation portion and the refrigeration portion are respectively located above the surface of the frozen soil region, and the evaporation portion is located inside the frozen soil layer of the frozen soil region;

[0009] A refrigeration system, comprising a refrigeration device arranged outside the refrigeration unit, wherein a cold bath liquid that can provide coldness is arranged inside the refrigeration device;

[0010] A gas circulation system is provided, wherein the gas circulating in the gas circulation system exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the gas circulation system comprises:

[0012] A compressor for providing compressed gas;

[0013] a condenser, in communication with the compressor, for cooling the compressed gas;

[0014] A vortex tube having an air inlet end, a hot end and a cold end, wherein the air inlet end is connected to the condenser, and the hot end is connected to the compressor; wherein, after the compressed gas is separated into hot and cold in the vortex tube, one path is input into the compressor through the hot end, and the other path is output through the cold end and then exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid;

[0015] The heat exchange structure comprises a heat exchange tube, wherein the heat exchange tube is at least partially arranged inside the refrigeration device and contacts the cold bath liquid, and the two ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to the cold end and the compressor.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the gas circulation system comprises:

[0017] A compressor for providing compressed gas;

[0018] a condenser, connected to the compressor and used for cooling the compressed gas;

[0019] The vortex tube has an air inlet end, a hot end and a cold end, wherein the air inlet end is connected to the condenser, the hot end is connected to the compressor, the cold end is connected to the interlayer cavity inside the refrigeration device, and the interlayer cavity is also connected to the compressor; wherein, after the compressed gas is separated into hot and cold inside the vortex tube, one path of the compressed gas is input into the compressor through the hot end, and the other path of the compressed gas is input into the interlayer cavity through the cold end for heat exchange with the cold bath liquid.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the gas circulation system further comprises:

[0021] A collector having a hot end inlet, a cold end inlet and an outlet, wherein the hot end inlet is connected to the hot end, the cold end inlet is connected to the heat exchange tube or the interlayer cavity, and the outlet is connected to the compressor;

[0022] A one-way valve group includes at least two one-way valves, each of which is used to control the one-way return of the compressed gas to the compressor; wherein at least one of the one-way valves is arranged on the first passage between the hot end inlet and the hot end, and at least one of the one-way valves is arranged on the second passage between the cold end inlet and the heat exchange tube or the interlayer cavity.

[0023] In a possible implementation manner, the gas circulation system further includes at least two groups of regulating valve groups, and at least one group of the regulating valve groups is respectively disposed on the first passage and the second passage.

[0024] In a possible embodiment, each group of the regulating valve groups includes a needle valve and a diaphragm valve arranged in parallel; the needle valve and the diaphragm valve in at least one group are respectively connected to the corresponding hot end inlet and the hot end, and the needle valve and the diaphragm valve in the remaining groups are respectively connected to the corresponding cold end inlet, the heat exchange tube or the interlayer cavity.

[0025] In a possible implementation, the gas circulation system further comprises:

[0026] an oil separator, respectively connected to the compressor and the condenser;

[0027] A regulating valve is arranged on the third passage between the oil separator and the condenser.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the heat pipe further includes an insulating portion, which is located between the refrigeration portion and the evaporation portion and is used to be arranged in an active layer in the frozen soil zone, and an insulating material is arranged on an outer peripheral side wall of the insulating portion.

[0029] In a possible implementation, the gas circulation system further comprises:

[0030] A temperature sensor is arranged on the heat exchange tube or in the interlayer cavity;

[0031] a liquid level sensor, disposed inside the refrigeration device, for monitoring the liquid level of the cold bath liquid;

[0032] A pressure sensor is provided on the first passage, the second passage and the third passage.

[0033] In a possible embodiment, the heat exchange system also includes a control device, which is communicatively connected to the compressor, the vortex tube and the condenser, and the control device controls the opening of the compressor, the vortex tube and the condenser respectively according to the ambient temperature and / or weather conditions to adjust the heat exchange efficiency of the heat pipe.

[0034] In a possible embodiment, the heat exchange system also includes a power supply, which is used to supply power to a power consumption system, wherein the power consumption system includes at least one of the refrigeration system, the compressor, the condenser, the vortex tube, the collector, the oil separator, and the control device; the power supply includes at least one of a battery pack, a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, and a thermal power generation system.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention are:

[0036] Through the auxiliary functions of the refrigeration system and the gas circulation system, the permafrost can be effectively cooled regardless of how the ambient temperature changes. That is, after the heat pipe is heated up by transferring the heat of the permafrost, the refrigeration system can be used to cool the heat pipe. During the cooling process of the heat pipe, the gas circulation system can achieve heat exchange with the refrigeration system, thereby ensuring that the refrigeration system always has a suitable temperature, and then achieving continuous cooling of the heat pipe at any time, overcoming the disadvantage that traditional heat pipes cannot work in high temperature seasons, and realizing year-round protection of frozen soil.

[0037] The wind-solar complementary power generation system using wind turbines and photovoltaic panels is completely energy self-sufficient, reducing operating energy consumption and dependence on traditional electric energy, while reducing carbon emissions and meeting green environmental protection requirements. The control device dynamically regulates system operation, optimizes energy utilization efficiency to the greatest extent, and further reduces system energy consumption.

[0038] Three operating modes can be dynamically switched according to the ambient temperature and work requirements: the first mode relies on spontaneous cooling due to the ambient temperature difference, with the lowest energy consumption; the second mode uses the refrigeration section for active cooling when the ambient temperature difference is insufficient to enhance the refrigeration effect; the third mode combines the refrigeration section and the condensing section for joint operation in a high temperature environment to maximize the refrigeration efficiency.

[0039] The capillary film design in the evaporation section of the heat pipe improves the uniformity of the refrigerant migration and makes the evaporation section more efficient. Heat dissipation fins or cold bath liquid are installed on the outside of the condensation section and the refrigeration section, which greatly enhances the heat exchange rate and improves the overall performance of the system.

[0040] The one-way valve and collector in the refrigeration system avoid cross-interference between hot and cold gases and ensure the stability of air flow. The oil separator ensures efficient operation of the compressor and extends the service life of the equipment. The control device monitors temperature and pressure parameters in real time, dynamically adjusts the working status of each component, and prevents overload operation or unexpected failure.

[0041] The system has a compact structure and is suitable for various engineering scenarios in permafrost areas, such as road subgrades, airport runways or foundation protection. It adopts a modular design, which significantly improves the convenience of construction, installation and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments are briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0043] Figure 1 This is an overall system diagram of a heat pipe heat exchange system for all seasons in a frozen soil region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of a vortex finder of a heat pipe heat exchange system for all seasons in a frozen soil region according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a collector of an all-season heat pipe heat exchange system in a frozen soil region according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Icons: 1. Radiating fins; 2. Filling port; 3. Refrigeration device; 4. Insulation material; 5. Refrigerant; 6. Capillary film; 7. Temperature sensor; 8. Heat exchange tube; 9. Exhaust valve; 10. Needle valve; 11. Diaphragm valve; 12. Vortex tube; 13. One-way valve; 14. Collector; 15. Compressor; 16. Oil separator; 17. Regulating valve; 18. Condenser; 19. Control device; 20. Fan; 21. Photovoltaic panel; 22. Power controller; 23. Battery; 121. Inlet end; 122. Cold end; 123. Regulator; 124. Vortex chamber; 125. Check valve; 126. Hot end; 141. Hot end inlet; 142. Pressure valve; 143. Guide block; 144. Cold end inlet; 145. Outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0048] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0049] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, further definition and explanation thereof is not required in subsequent drawings.

[0050] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or the positions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0051] In addition, the terms "horizontal", "vertical" and the like do not mean that the components are required to be absolutely horizontal or suspended, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0052] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connect", and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0053] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 The present application provides a heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas in all seasons, including: a heat pipe, a refrigeration system and a gas circulation system. The heat pipe is generally inserted or cast in the frozen soil area to transfer heat inside the frozen soil layer in the frozen soil area. The setting angle of the heat pipe is selected according to the plane where the surface of the frozen soil area is located. For example, when the surface of the frozen soil area is a horizontal plane, the heat pipe is generally installed in the frozen soil area in a vertical direction, or when the surface of the frozen soil area is an inclined plane, the heat pipe needs to adjust the construction angle accordingly, and the axial direction of the heat pipe needs to be perpendicular to the plane where the ground of the frozen soil area is located during construction.

[0054] As a heat transfer component, the heat pipe can theoretically be any pipe body or component with the function of transferring heat, such as gravity heat pipe, rotary heat pipe, pulsating heat pipe and various forms of heat exchangers, etc. However, according to practical experience, heat pipes are generally selected as two-phase closed thermosyphons, and the material of heat pipes is low-carbon steel. After the heat pipe heats up by transferring the heat of the frozen soil layer, the heat pipe can be cooled by the refrigeration system. During the cooling process of the heat pipe, the gas circulation system can achieve heat exchange with the refrigeration system, thereby ensuring that the refrigeration system always has a suitable temperature, and then can achieve continuous cooling of the heat pipe at any time.

[0055] Specifically, the interior of the heat pipe is provided with a refrigerant 5 that vaporizes when the set temperature is reached. The heat pipe has a condensation section, a refrigeration section, and an evaporation section that are sequentially connected from top to bottom. The condensation section and the refrigeration section are respectively located above the surface of the frozen soil area, and the evaporation section is located inside the frozen soil layer in the frozen soil area. The refrigerant 5 has a relatively low boiling point, for example, it can be dry ice (solid carbon dioxide), or it can be propane, a freon substitute, etc. The refrigerant 5 can circulate inside the heat pipe (condensation section, refrigeration section, and evaporation section) through a change of physical state, that is, the evaporation section absorbs the temperature inside the frozen soil layer, and the refrigerant 5 located inside the evaporation section is heated and vaporized and then rises to the condensation section and the refrigeration section. Since the condensation section is exposed above the surface, the refrigerant 5 in the condensation section is cooled and liquefied and then flows back to the evaporation section. At the same time, the refrigeration part is cooled through the refrigeration system and the gas circulation system. The refrigerant 5 in the refrigeration part is cooled and liquefied when it is cooled and then flows back to the evaporation part, thereby realizing the circulation of the refrigerant 5. The permafrost layer is cooled by the physical change of the refrigerant 5, so that the temperature of the permafrost layer is maintained within an appropriate range, thereby avoiding the freeze-thaw cycle of the permafrost layer and damage.

[0056] Further, the refrigeration system includes a refrigeration device 3, which can form local refrigeration for the refrigeration part, so that the refrigerant 5 in the refrigeration part is cooled and liquefied. The refrigeration device 3 is arranged on the peripheral side wall of the refrigeration part. Theoretically, if the refrigeration device 3 is in partial contact with the refrigeration part, the refrigeration of the refrigeration part can also be achieved. However, in order to achieve comprehensive refrigeration of the refrigeration part, the refrigeration device 3 (for example, a barrel structure with a cavity) is generally sleeved on the peripheral side wall of the refrigeration part, thereby improving the refrigeration effect. A cold bath liquid is arranged inside the refrigeration device 3, and the cold bath liquid is used to provide cold to the refrigeration part, such as an ice-water mixture, a dry ice-organic solvent mixture, liquid nitrogen, etc. The cold bath liquid absorbs the heat of the refrigeration part through its own lower temperature, thereby cooling the refrigerant 5 in the refrigeration part and promoting the liquefaction of the refrigerant 5 and reflux to the evaporation part.

[0057] The gas circulation system has compressed gas (such as compressed air, oxygen, hydrogen, etc.) circulating internally. The gas circulating internally exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid, thereby maintaining the temperature of the cold bath liquid within a low range, thereby achieving continuous cooling of the refrigeration part by the cold bath liquid.

[0058] In some embodiments, the gas circulation system includes: a compressor 15, a condenser 18, a vortex tube 12 and a heat exchange tube 8 group. The gas in the system or the input compressor 15 is pressurized by the compressor 15 and then input to the condenser 18 for cooling, and then input to the vortex chamber 124 of the vortex tube 12 through the air inlet end 121 of the vortex tube 12. The compressed gas is separated into hot and cold in the vortex chamber 124 to form two cold and hot air flows and split, wherein one air flow with a higher temperature flows back to the compressor 15 through the hot end 126, wherein the other air flow with a lower temperature flows through the cold end 122 and is input to the heat exchange tube 8. Since the heat exchange tube 8 is arranged inside the refrigeration device 3 and contacts with the cold bath liquid, the air flow with a lower temperature exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid, so that the cold bath liquid always maintains a lower temperature. The compressed gas after heat exchange flows back to the compressor 15 through the heat exchange tube 8, so that the two air flows are reunited to form a closed loop, and the recycling of the compressed gas is realized.

[0059] In order to achieve a better heat exchange effect, the heat exchange tube 8 can be set to multiple and arranged at equal angles along the outer circumference of the refrigeration unit, and the two ends of each heat exchange tube 8 are respectively connected to the cold end 122 and the compressor 15, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the cold bath liquid. Alternatively, two main pipes are separately set, and the two ends of one main pipe are respectively connected to one end of each heat exchange tube 8 and the cold end 122, and the two ends of the other main pipe are respectively connected to the other end of each heat exchange tube 8 and the compressor 15, thereby simplifying the complexity of the pipeline connection, simplifying the installation and disassembly process, and improving the construction efficiency. The heat exchange tube 8 can also be made of a metal material with strong thermal conductivity, and the outer wall of the heat exchange tube 8 is arranged with a heat dissipation fin 1, which can speed up the heat exchange efficiency.

[0060] refer to Figure 2 , a regulator 123 may also be provided on the vortex tube 12. The regulator 123 is similar to a valve core structure and can be slidably provided at the cold end 122 and extend into the interior of the vortex chamber 124. By adjusting the length of the regulator 123 extending into the interior of the vortex chamber 124, the effective volume of the vortex chamber 124 can be changed. For example, when the regulator 123 is slid to the right to a certain depth, the internal volume of the vortex chamber 124 is reduced, the available space for the compressed gas is reduced, and the intensity of the compressed gas movement is increased, thereby accelerating the cold and hot separation of the compressed gas. When the regulator 123 is slid to the left to a certain depth, the available space for the compressed gas is increased, and the intensity of the compressed gas movement is reduced, thereby reducing the cold and hot separation of the compressed gas.

[0061] Continue to refer Figure 2A check valve 125 can be provided inside the hot end 126 of the heat exchange tube 8, and the check valve 125 can prevent the airflow with a higher temperature from flowing back. When the airflow with a higher temperature flows at the hot end 126 (flows to the right), the two inclined surfaces on the left side of the check valve 125 play a role in guiding the flow, and the vertical surface on the right side of the check valve 125 plays a role in blocking the reverse flow of the airflow (flows to the left).

[0062] The check valve 125 can also be configured as follows. For example, when the airflow flows along the first passage between the hot end 126 and the compressor 15, the valve flap of the check valve 125 will be opened by the airflow. At this time, the valve of the check valve 125 is opened, and the airflow passes smoothly (flows to the right). When the airflow flows backward (flows to the left), the valve flap will be closed under the action of the reverse pressure of the airflow, thereby preventing the airflow from flowing backward.

[0063] The check valve 125 can reduce or avoid the backflow of the airflow, ensuring that the flow direction of the airflow inside the hot end 126 of the vortex tube 12 is basically consistent, thereby improving the circulation efficiency of the compressed gas.

[0064] In some embodiments, the gas circulation system includes: a compressor 15, a condenser 18 and a vortex tube 12. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to separately set up a heat exchange tube 8. By setting an interlayer cavity on the side wall of the refrigeration device 3 (such as a barrel structure with a cavity), the circulation heat exchange of the relatively low temperature airflow is realized. Specifically, the interlayer cavity is connected to the cold end 122 and the compressor 15 respectively. After the compressed air is diverted inside the vortex tube 12, the airflow with a relatively low temperature realizes heat exchange with the cold bath liquid inside the interlayer cavity, and after the heat exchange, it flows back to the compressor 15 for circulation.

[0065] In some embodiments, reference Figure 3 The gas circulation system also includes: a collector 14 and a one-way valve 13 group. The collector 14 has a hot end inlet 141, a cold end inlet 144 and an outlet 145. The hot end inlet 141 is connected to the hot end 126, the cold end inlet 144 is connected to the heat exchange tube 8 or the interlayer cavity, and the outlet 145 is connected to the compressor 15. The two air flows separated in the vortex chamber 124 flow back to the compressor 15 through the collector 14 respectively. The airflow with a higher temperature flows into the collector 14 through the hot end inlet 141, and flows back to the compressor 15 through the outlet 145 for recycling. After the airflow with a lower temperature exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid, it flows into the collector 14 through the cold end inlet 144, and flows back to the compressor 15 through the outlet 145 for recycling.

[0066] The one-way valve 13 group includes at least two one-way valves 13, each of which is used to control the one-way return of compressed gas to the compressor 15 to prevent gas backflow and avoid direct confluence of cold and hot air flows. At least one one-way valve 13 is arranged on the first passage between the hot end inlet 141 and the hot end 126, and at least one one-way valve 13 is arranged on the second passage between the cold end inlet 144 and the cold end 122. The one-way valves 13 are arranged to effectively prevent the backflow of cold and hot air flows and affect the circulation efficiency of the compressed gas.

[0067] For further information, please refer to Figure 3 The collector 14 can adopt a tube structure similar to a tee tube. The collector 14 has three ports (hot end inlet 141, cold end inlet 144 and outlet 145) which are respectively connected to the hot end 126 of the vortex tube 12, the heat exchange tube 8 or the interlayer cavity, and the compressor 15, that is, the hot end inlet 141 is connected to the hot end 126 of the vortex tube 12 to form a first passage, the cold end inlet 144 is connected to the heat exchange tube 8 or the interlayer cavity to form a second passage, and the outlet 145 is connected to the compressor 15. The connection between the inlet and the compressor 15 and the first and second passages can realize the re-collection of the compressed gas after diversion, and the compressed gas is recycled after the airflow is collected to the compressor 15.

[0068] The hot end inlet 141 and the cold end inlet 144 may be provided with a regulating valve 17 respectively, and the opening of the pressure valve 142 may be adjusted according to the gas pressure of the hot end inlet 141 and the cold end inlet 144. In addition, a guide block 143 may be provided inside the collector 14, and the cross section of the guide block 143 may be as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the upper and lower parts of the guide block 143 correspond to the hot end inlet 141 and the cold end inlet 144, which are arc-shaped surfaces. During the reflux of the two airflows, the two arc-shaped surfaces are used to guide the air, thereby converging the hot and cold airflows to ensure the uniformity of the airflow.

[0069] In some embodiments, the gas circulation system further includes at least two groups of regulating valves 17, which are used to adjust the outlet 145 pressure of the hot end 126 and the cold end 122 of the vortex tube 12. At least one group of regulating valves 17 is provided on the first passage between the hot end 126 and the collector 14, and at least one group of regulating valves is provided between the second passage between the cold end inlet 144 and the heat exchange tube 8 or the interlayer cavity. Taking the two groups of regulating valves provided in the gas circulation system as an example, one group of regulating valves is provided on each of the first passage and the second passage, and each group of regulating valves includes a needle valve 10 and a diaphragm valve 11 arranged in parallel, the needle valve 10 and the diaphragm valve 11 in one group are respectively connected to the corresponding hot end 126 and the collector 14, and the needle valve 10 and the diaphragm valve 11 in the other group are respectively connected to the corresponding cold end 122, the heat exchange tube 8 or the interlayer cavity. The diaphragm valve 11 can be used to roughly adjust the pressure of the outlet 145 of the hot end 126 or the cold end 122 , while the needle valve 10 can be used to finely adjust the pressure of the outlet 145 of the hot end 126 or the cold end 122 .

[0070] In some embodiments, the gas circulation system further includes: an oil separator 16 and a regulating valve 17, the oil separator 16 is connected to the compressor 15 and the condenser 18, and the regulating valve 17 is arranged on a third passage between the oil separator 16 and the condenser 18. The oil separator 16 is used to separate the auxiliary oil (such as lubricating oil) in the compressed gas discharged from the compressor 15, and the opening of the regulating valve 17 is adjusted to adapt to the pressure change of the compressed gas to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the vortex tube 12.

[0071] In some embodiments, the heat pipe further includes an insulating portion, which is located between the refrigeration portion and the evaporation portion and is used to be arranged in the active layer of the frozen soil area. The insulating portion and the peripheral side wall of the refrigeration device 3 are provided with insulating materials 4 (such as polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, etc.), which can reduce the impact of the refrigerant 5 on the active layer when passing through the insulating portion, thereby reducing the interference with the frozen soil area environment. The peripheral side wall of the refrigeration device 3 can also be provided with insulating materials 4 (such as polyurethane foam, polystyrene foam, etc.), which can reduce the heat exchange between the cold bath liquid inside the heat exchange device and the external environment, so as to reduce the impact of external temperature changes on the temperature of the cold bath liquid.

[0072] In some embodiments, a series of sensors may also be provided, such as a temperature sensor 7, a pressure sensor, a liquid level sensor, etc. The temperature sensor 7 is provided at key points in the refrigeration device 3 and the heat exchange tube 8, and is used to monitor the temperature of the cold bath liquid and the heat exchange tube 8 in the refrigeration device 3 in real time. When the temperature of the cold bath liquid is higher than the set temperature value, that is, when the cold bath liquid exceeds the temperature value, the refrigeration effect is significantly reduced. At this time, the temperature sensor 7 alarms through the control device 19, and promptly reminds the staff to replenish the cold bath liquid through the filling port 2. When the temperature of the heat exchange tube 8 is higher than the set temperature value, the working intensity of the compressor 15, the vortex tube 12 and the condenser 18 is adjusted in time or the opening of the series valve body (needle valve 10, diaphragm valve 11, regulating valve 17, pressure valve 142, etc.) is increased, thereby reducing the tube body temperature of the heat exchange tube 8. Similarly, the liquid level sensor monitors the liquid level of the cold bath liquid in real time. When the cold bath liquid is consumed to the set liquid level value, the liquid level sensor alarms through the control device 19, and promptly reminds the staff to replenish the cold bath liquid.

[0073] In some embodiments, a capillary film 6 is provided inside the evaporation portion of the heat pipe to accelerate the flow of the refrigerant 5 inside the evaporation portion. Heat dissipation fins 1 are provided at equal angles on the outer peripheral wall of the condensation portion to accelerate the rapid condensation of the vaporized refrigerant 5. Heat dissipation fins 1 can also be provided at equal angles on the outer peripheral wall of the heat exchange tube 8 to improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange tube 8.

[0074] In some embodiments, the heat exchange system also includes a control device 19, which is communicatively connected to the compressor 15, the vortex tube 12 and the condenser 18. The control device 19 controls the opening of the compressor 15, the vortex tube 12 and the condenser 18 respectively according to the ambient temperature and / or weather conditions to adjust the heat exchange efficiency of the heat pipe, realize dynamic adjustment of the system operating parameters, ensure that the system can automatically switch the working mode according to the ambient temperature and operating status, and ensure that the modified heat pipe operates efficiently under various working conditions.

[0075] In some embodiments, the heat exchange system further includes a power supply, which is used to supply power to the power consumption system, which includes at least one of a refrigeration system, a compressor 15, a condenser 18, a vortex tube 12, a collector 14, an oil separator 16, and a control device 19, and the power supply includes at least one of a battery pack, a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, and a thermal power generation system. For example, the wind power generation system and the photovoltaic power generation system can be used as the main power source, and the electric energy output by the fan 20 of the wind power generation system and the photovoltaic panel 21 of the photovoltaic power generation system is supplied to the power consumption system through the power controller 22, and the battery pack (storage battery 23) is used as a backup power source to avoid the influence of external power supply interruption on the operation of the system.

[0076] In the whole system, the flow of compressed gas is as follows:

[0077] Gas→compressor 15→oil separator 16→regulating valve 17→condenser 18→vortex tube 12→compressed gas is divided into two routes for hot and cold flow. The first route (hot flow) is: hot end 126→needle valve 10, diaphragm valve 11→check valve 13. The second route (cold flow) is: cold end 122→needle valve 10, diaphragm valve 11→heat exchange tube 8 or interlayer cavity→check valve 13. After that, the two routes of gas are combined in the collector 14 and sucked into the compressor 15 for recycling again.

[0078] Since the temperature change of the frozen soil layer has obvious seasonal and spatial differences, the all-season heat pipe heat exchange system in the frozen soil area of ​​this application has different operation modes according to different environments, weather conditions, altitudes, and seasons. Taking the seasonal influence as an example:

[0079] During the cold season in the frozen soil area, since the overall temperature of the frozen soil area is lower than the temperature of the frozen soil layer, in this environment, the heat pipe operates spontaneously relying on the temperature difference between the ambient temperature of the condensation part and the permafrost layer of the evaporation part. At this time, the refrigerant 5 in the evaporation part absorbs the heat of the frozen soil, and the vaporized refrigerant 5 rises to the refrigeration part and the condensation part. Since the refrigeration mode is not turned on in the refrigeration part, the refrigerant 5 is only condensed and liquefied in the condensation part and flows back to the evaporation part.

[0080] Alternatively, the heat pipe transfers heat by relying on the temperature difference between the cold bath liquid in the refrigeration device 3 and the frozen soil layer. At this time, the refrigerant 5 that has absorbed heat and vaporized in the evaporation part rises to the refrigeration part and the condensation part. Since the ambient temperature of the condensation part is higher than the frozen soil temperature, the refrigerant 5 is condensed and liquefied only in the refrigeration part and flows back to the evaporation part.

[0081] In the warm season in the frozen soil area, since the temperature of the overall environment in the frozen soil area is higher than the temperature of the frozen soil layer, the frozen soil layer is prone to melt in large quantities. The heat pipe needs to rely on the temperature difference between the ambient temperature, the cold bath liquid and the frozen soil temperature to perform heat exchange. At this time, the refrigerant 5 after absorbing heat and vaporizing in the evaporation part rises to the refrigeration part and the condensation part, and at the same time liquefies in the condensation part and the refrigeration part, and flows back to the evaporation part.

[0082] During the actual construction process, different construction strategies can be selected according to different construction environments. There are roughly two construction strategies. The first is for frozen soil areas where heat pipes have not been installed before, and the frozen soil area all-season heat pipe heat exchange system in any embodiment of the present application can be directly installed. The second is for frozen soil areas where heat pipes have been installed before and are still worth using. It can be combined with existing heat pipes, the refrigeration system in this application and the gas circulation system, which can improve the refrigeration effect of existing heat pipes.

[0083] For the first case, the installation and implementation steps are as follows:

[0084] (1) Site preparation. According to the distribution characteristics of the permafrost layer and the requirements for heat pipe layout, select the heat pipe installation location and complete site cleaning. Determine the heat pipe layout depth and angle according to the design drawings to ensure that the condensation part is exposed to the air and the evaporation part is buried in the permafrost layer.

[0085] (2) Drilling and pipe installation. Use a drill to drill holes in the permafrost layer. The hole diameter should be slightly larger than the diameter of the heat pipe base tube. Slowly insert the heat pipe along the hole to ensure that the evaporation section is accurately located in the permafrost layer, the insulation section is in the active layer, and the condensation section is completely exposed to the surface. After the pipe body is fixed, add cold bath liquid to the refrigeration barrel of the refrigeration section, and exhaust excess air through the exhaust valve 9 to ensure that the internal liquid is full.

[0086] (3) Refrigeration system installation. Arrange the refrigeration system near the refrigeration section and connect the adjustable vortex tube 12, compressor 15, condenser 18, collector 14, heat exchange tube 8 and other components. The cold end 122 of the adjustable vortex tube 12 is connected to the heat exchange tube 8 or the interlayer cavity of the refrigeration device 3 through a pipeline, and the hot end 126 is connected to the exhaust pipe through a pipeline. All pipelines and components are connected by welding or flanges, and air tightness tests are performed.

[0087] (4) Installation of power supply. The wind turbine 20 and photovoltaic panel 21 are arranged according to the on-site environmental conditions. The wind turbine 20 needs to be installed in an area with high wind speed, and the photovoltaic panel 21 needs to optimize the angle to maximize the reception of sunlight. The photovoltaic panel 21 and the wind turbine 20 are connected to the battery 23 through the power controller 22 to form a wind-solar complementary power generation system. The battery 23 is connected to the refrigeration system to provide stable power support.

[0088] (5) Intelligent control system debugging. The temperature sensors 7 are arranged in the evaporation section, refrigeration section and condensation section of the heat pipe, and the pressure sensors are installed in the key positions of the refrigeration system. The control device 19 is started, and the target temperature and pressure parameters are set to ensure that each component operates as required. The switching parameters of each operating mode are optimized through system joint debugging to ensure that the cooling performance meets the design requirements.

[0089] (6) Operation monitoring. After starting the system, observe the temperature changes of each section of the heat pipe and the gas circulation state of the refrigeration system, and adjust the control logic of the control device 19 to ensure that the heat pipe can maintain efficient operation under various environmental conditions.

[0090] For the second case, the installation and implementation steps are as follows:

[0091] (1) Preparation before modification. Check the operating status of the existing ordinary heat pipe, record the temperature difference between the evaporation part and the condensation part and the working fluid circulation efficiency; determine the modification location of the ordinary heat pipe, and give priority to the location where the evaporation part is not heated enough or the condensation part has poor heat dissipation performance.

[0092] (2) Refrigeration system integration. Add a refrigeration section near the condensation section or evaporation section of an ordinary heat pipe: install a refrigeration device 3 outside the ordinary heat pipe and wrap it with insulation material 4, connect the cold end 122 of the adjustable vortex tube 12 to the heat exchange tube 8 or the interlayer cavity of the refrigeration device 3 to actively cool the outer wall of the refrigeration section. Configure refrigeration system components, including an adjustable vortex tube 12, a compressor 15, an oil separator 16, a collector 14, etc., to ensure that the gas circulation path is complete. Install a one-way valve 13 at the hot end 126 and the cold end 122 of the adjustable vortex tube 12 to avoid the influence of gas backflow on the refrigeration effect.

[0093] (3) Intelligent upgrade. Install a series of sensors at key positions of the modified heat pipe, such as temperature sensor 7, pressure sensor, liquid level sensor, etc., and install pressure sensors at key nodes of the pipeline (first passage, second passage and third passage) to monitor the pressure inside the pipeline in real time. If the pressure is found to be too high, it can be adjusted in time. Add a control device 19, connect the adjustable vortex tube 12, compressor 15, condenser 18, etc. to the control device 19, and realize dynamic adjustment of system operating parameters. Program and optimize the control logic so that the system can automatically switch the working mode according to the ambient temperature and operating status, ensuring that the modified heat pipe operates efficiently under various working conditions.

[0094] (4) Power generation system integration. A wind-solar hybrid power generation module is added to the power supply circuit of the ordinary heat pipe, and the power output by the fan 20 and the photovoltaic panel 21 is supplied to the refrigeration system through the power controller 22. A battery 23 is set as a backup power supply to avoid the impact of external power supply interruption on system operation.

[0095] (5) Operation and debugging. Start the modified system, gradually increase the load and observe the temperature and pressure changes of each section of the heat pipe. Adjust the injection amount of cold bath liquid and gas circulation pressure of the refrigeration unit to ensure that the refrigeration effect meets the modification requirements.

[0096] (6) Performance verification. Test the cooling capacity of the modified heat pipe under various working conditions, record the cooling effect of the evaporation section and the heat dissipation efficiency of the condensation section, compare the temperature difference and working fluid circulation performance before and after the modification, and verify whether the modification effect meets expectations.

[0097] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A heat pipe heat exchange system for all seasons in frozen soil areas, characterized in that: include: A heat pipe, which is arranged in a frozen soil region and has a refrigerant therein which vaporizes when a set temperature is reached, wherein the heat pipe comprises a condensation portion, a refrigeration portion and an evaporation portion which are sequentially connected and arranged from top to bottom, wherein the condensation portion and the refrigeration portion are respectively located above the surface of the frozen soil region, and the evaporation portion is located inside the frozen soil layer of the frozen soil region; A refrigeration system, comprising a refrigeration device arranged outside the refrigeration unit, wherein a cold bath liquid that can provide coldness is arranged inside the refrigeration device; A gas circulation system is provided, wherein the gas circulating in the gas circulation system exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid.

2. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas circulation system comprises: A compressor for providing compressed gas; a condenser, in communication with the compressor, for cooling the compressed gas; A vortex tube having an air inlet end, a hot end and a cold end, wherein the air inlet end is connected to the condenser, and the hot end is connected to the compressor; wherein, after the compressed gas is separated into hot and cold in the vortex tube, one path is input into the compressor through the hot end, and the other path is output through the cold end and then exchanges heat with the cold bath liquid; A heat exchange structure, comprising a heat exchange tube or an interlayer cavity arranged inside the refrigeration device; wherein the heat exchange tube is at least partially arranged inside the refrigeration device and in contact with the cold bath liquid, and both ends of the heat exchange tube are respectively connected to the cold end and the compressor; or, the cold end is connected to the interlayer cavity inside the refrigeration device, and the interlayer cavity is also connected to the compressor.

3. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 2, characterized in that: The gas circulation system also includes: A collector having a hot end inlet, a cold end inlet and an outlet, wherein the hot end inlet is connected to the hot end, the cold end inlet is connected to the heat exchange tube or the interlayer cavity, and the outlet is connected to the compressor; A one-way valve group includes at least two one-way valves, each of which is used to control the one-way return of the compressed gas to the compressor; wherein at least one of the one-way valves is arranged on the first passage between the hot end inlet and the hot end, and at least one of the one-way valves is arranged on the second passage between the cold end inlet and the heat exchange tube or the interlayer cavity.

4. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The gas circulation system further includes at least two groups of regulating valve groups, and at least one group of the regulating valve groups is respectively arranged on the first passage and the second passage.

5. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 4, characterized in that: Each group of the regulating valve groups includes a needle valve and a diaphragm valve arranged in parallel; the needle valve and the diaphragm valve in at least one group are respectively connected to the corresponding hot end inlet and the hot end, and the needle valve and the diaphragm valve in the remaining groups are respectively connected to the corresponding cold end inlet, the heat exchange tube or the interlayer cavity.

6. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas circulation system also includes: an oil separator, respectively connected to the compressor and the condenser; A regulating valve is arranged on the third passage between the oil separator and the condenser.

7. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gas circulation system also includes: A temperature sensor is arranged on the heat exchange tube or in the interlayer cavity; a liquid level sensor, disposed inside the refrigeration device, for monitoring the liquid level of the cold bath liquid; The pressure sensor is arranged on the first passage, the second passage and the third passage.

8. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat pipe further comprises an insulating portion, which is located between the refrigeration portion and the evaporation portion and is used to be arranged in the active layer of the frozen soil area, and an insulating material is arranged on the outer peripheral side wall of the insulating portion.

9. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 6, characterized in that: The heat exchange system also includes a control device, which is communicatively connected to the compressor, the vortex tube and the condenser. The control device controls the opening of the compressor, the vortex tube and the condenser respectively according to the ambient temperature and / or weather conditions to adjust the heat exchange efficiency of the heat pipe.

10. The all-season heat pipe heat exchange system for frozen soil areas according to claim 9, characterized in that: The heat exchange system also includes a power supply, which is used to supply power to the power consumption system, and the power consumption system includes at least one of the refrigeration system, the compressor, the condenser, the vortex tube, the collector, the oil separator, and the control device; the power supply includes at least one of a battery pack, a wind power generation system, a photovoltaic power generation system, and a thermal power generation system.

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