Water and soil loss monitoring method and device based on 45-degree inclined grating array

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of water and soil monitoring, and particularly relates to a water and soil loss monitoring method and device based on a 45-degree inclined grating array. A 45-degree inclined grating is attached to the side face of the water and soil loss measuring borer, the 45-degree inclined grating is inserted into soil, and part of the 45-degree inclined grating is located above the soil; the 45-degree inclined grating receives pulse incident light emitted from top to bottom, the pulse incident light is coupled out of the side face of the 45-degree inclined grating through the 45-degree inclined grating, and when no soil exists at the coupling position, the light is transmitted to the air, and no reflection signal exists; when the coupling position wraps the soil, the light is reflected by the soil, then coupled back to the 45-degree inclined grating, returned from the incident light path and received and recorded by the detector, the soil position is analyzed, and monitoring of soil loss is achieved. The problem of poor precision caused by the fact that water and soil loss monitoring depends on manual work or photosensitive sensing at present is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of soil and water monitoring, and in particular relates to a soil and water loss monitoring method and device based on a 45-degree inclined grating array. Background Art

[0002] Traditional soil erosion monitoring technology mainly relies on manual measurement, which involves inserting a number of fine rods with scales into the ground according to the layout requirements, marking the fine rods, recording the original height, and then manually inspecting and recording the changes in soil layer height to calculate the amount of soil erosion. The above methods rely too much on manual labor, have a long monitoring cycle, poor timeliness, and rely on human visual observation for monitoring accuracy, which is poor.

[0003] Subsequently, an automated intelligent measuring rod based on photosensitivity appeared. It relied on a linear array of photosensitive elements to identify the sunlight-sensitive position to measure soil loss. However, the above principle is limited by the package size of the photosensitive element, which is generally difficult to be less than 1.5mm, and cannot meet the requirements for accurate measurement of soil and water loss. In addition, the photosensitive measurement method relies on external sunlight, and cannot be measured at night or in poor visibility. When the photosensitive measuring rod is covered by vegetation, it will also affect the measurement accuracy.

[0004] Therefore, a new method for soil and water loss monitoring is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and device for soil and water loss monitoring based on a 45° inclined grating array, which solves the problem of poor accuracy caused by the current need to rely on manual or photosensitive sensing for soil and water loss monitoring.

[0006] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: The invention discloses a soil and water loss monitoring method using a 45° inclined grating array, wherein a 45° inclined grating is mounted on the side of a soil and water loss measuring rod, the 45° inclined grating is inserted into the soil, and a part of the 45° inclined grating is located above the soil; The 45° inclined grating receives the pulse incident light emitted from top to bottom, and couples it out of the side of the 45° inclined grating through the 45° inclined grating. When there is no soil at the coupling position, the light is transmitted to the air without reflection signal. When the coupling position is wrapped with soil, the light is reflected by the soil and coupled back to the 45° inclined grating, returning from the incident light path, and is received and recorded by the detector to analyze the soil position and realize soil loss monitoring.

[0007] Further, the specific process of analyzing soil position is: The time of emission of the incident pulse light is recorded as t 1 The time when the detector receives the first reflected pulse signal is t 2 ; Then the calculation formula for the distance between the soil plane and the position S where the pulse incident light is emitted is: S = (t 2 -t 1 )v / 2 Where v is the propagation speed of light in a 45° tilted grating; When the soil plane changes due to soil erosion, its reflection position will change, and the measured soil position will change, thus realizing the monitoring of soil erosion amount.

[0008] The invention also discloses a soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array, comprising a soil and water loss measuring rod, a 45° inclined grating, a pulse light source, a beam splitter and a detector; The 45° inclined grating is mounted on the side of the soil and water loss measuring rod; The output end of the pulse light source is connected to the upper end of the 45° inclined grating via a beam splitter; The detector is installed on one side of the beam splitter to receive the light returned by the 45° tilted grating.

[0009] Furthermore, the soil and water loss monitoring device further comprises a housing, in which the pulse light source, the beam splitter and the detector are integrated, and a mounting hole is prefabricated on the lower surface of the housing; The upper end of the 45° inclined grating is inserted into the mounting hole.

[0010] Furthermore, a solar panel is installed outside the shell to supply power to the soil and water loss monitoring device.

[0011] Furthermore, a communication module is installed inside or outside the housing, and the detector is connected to the host computer via the communication module; The host computer is equipped with a data processing module, which is used to analyze the soil position. The specific process is as follows: The time of emission of the incident pulse light is recorded as t 1 The time when the detector receives the first reflected pulse signal is t 2 ; Then the calculation formula for the distance between the soil plane and the position S where the pulse incident light is emitted is: S = (t 2 -t 1 )v / 2 Where v is the propagation speed of light in a 45° tilted grating; When the soil plane changes due to soil erosion, its reflection position will change, and the measured soil position will change, thus realizing the monitoring of soil erosion amount.

[0012] Furthermore, the 45° tilted grating is obtained by double-beam interference method or mask-based UV lithography, with a position accuracy of micrometer level.

[0013] Furthermore, the 45° tilted grating is subjected to sensitization treatment.

[0014] Furthermore, the sensitization treatment is specifically as follows: before writing the 45° inclined grating, the optical fiber is subjected to high pressure hydrogen pretreatment.

[0015] Furthermore, it also includes a calibration device, which includes a standard reflection surface and a fine-tuning mechanism; the standard reflection surface is set at an adjustable position to simulate soil reflection; the fine-tuning mechanism is used to adjust the position of the standard reflection surface.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present invention discloses a soil erosion monitoring method based on a 45° tilted grating array. A 45° tilted grating is tightly mounted on the side of a soil erosion measuring rod, and then inserted into the soil to ensure that part of the grating is located above the soil. When the pulse incident light emitted from top to bottom reaches the 45° tilted grating, it will be coupled to the side of the grating. If there is no soil around the coupling position, the light will be directly transmitted into the air without generating a reflection signal; once the coupling position is wrapped by soil, the light will be reflected by the soil, and then coupled back to the 45° tilted grating again, and return in the opposite direction along the incident light path, and finally received and recorded by the detector. By conducting in-depth analysis of these data, the soil position can be accurately determined, thereby realizing effective monitoring of soil erosion. The present invention introduces optical fiber sensing technology into online monitoring of soil erosion, which improves the measurement accuracy of soil erosion by more than 20 times, and provides strong support for the automated monitoring of soil and water conservation.

[0017] This monitoring method is based on the principle of light reflection and is a non-contact measurement method. It avoids damage to the soil structure and properties, and effectively ensures the accuracy and objectivity of the monitoring data. Moreover, optical signal detection has the characteristics of rapid response, which can capture subtle changes in soil position in a timely manner, providing a key basis for the timely formulation and implementation of soil and water conservation measures.

[0018] Furthermore, this method can accurately determine the position of the soil plane with high measurement accuracy by using precise time records and concise and practical calculation formulas. Moreover, based on the dynamic changes of the measurement data, it can intuitively present the severity and rate of soil erosion, providing a reliable and effective method for the quantitative analysis of soil erosion.

[0019] The present invention discloses a soil erosion monitoring device based on a 45° tilted grating array, which includes a soil erosion measuring rod, a 45° tilted grating, a pulse light source, a beam splitter and a detector; through the 45° tilted grating structure, light can be emitted from the optical fiber with low loss, and soil reflected light can be received. By calculating the flight time of the pulse light in the optical fiber, the soil position can be accurately measured. This all-optical fiber architecture has the advantages of low loss and flexible deployment.

[0020] The entire device has a compact and reasonable structure, and its components work in perfect harmony with each other, enabling it to stably and efficiently complete the transmission, reception, and processing of optical signals, providing a solid guarantee for the reliability and stability of the monitoring system.

[0021] Furthermore, the use of solar energy as an energy supply is both green and environmentally friendly and highly sustainable, greatly reducing dependence on traditional power sources and effectively cutting operating costs. It is especially suitable for complex monitoring scenarios such as outdoor areas where it is difficult to access municipal electricity.

[0022] Furthermore, the combined application of the communication module and the host computer successfully realized the remote transmission and centralized processing of data. This enables the staff to obtain monitoring data in real time, conduct in-depth analysis and effective management even if they are far away from the monitoring site, which greatly improves work efficiency and enhances the convenience of monitoring work.

[0023] Furthermore, the dual-beam interference method or mask-based UV lithography process gives the 45° tilted grating micron-level high-precision position control capability, making the monitoring device more sensitive to subtle changes in soil position, greatly improving the accuracy of monitoring. After sensitization, the grating's coupling efficiency and reflection characteristics to the optical signal are significantly enhanced, further optimizing the overall performance of the monitoring device. The 45° tilted grating has high position resolution and high reliability of all-solid-state installation, which controls the soil and water loss monitoring error within 50um, which is much higher than the current product's 1mm measurement accuracy, and can increase the soil and water loss measurement accuracy by more than 20 times.

[0024] Furthermore, the design of the calibration device enables maintenance personnel to conveniently perform precision calibration without having to disassemble the entire monitoring device or perform complicated on-site adjustments, which not only saves maintenance time and costs but also improves work efficiency; The calibration device can adapt to the calibration requirements under different environmental conditions. By adjusting the position of the standard reflective surface through the fine-tuning mechanism, the reflection conditions of different soil depths and soil types can be simulated, thereby ensuring the accuracy and stability of the monitoring device in different application scenarios; Providing a calibration device helps to enhance users' trust and satisfaction with the monitoring device. Users can verify the accuracy of the monitoring results through regular calibration, and thus use the device for soil and water loss monitoring with greater confidence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array of the present invention; Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of a 45° tilted grating.

[0026] Among them, 1. Shell; 2. Pulse light source; 3. Beam splitter; 4. 45° inclined grating; 5. Soil and water loss measuring rod; 6. Detector. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clear, the following is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention, that is, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

[0028] The components described and shown in the drawings and embodiments of the present invention may be arranged and designed in various configurations. Therefore, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the following drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents a selected embodiment of the present invention. Based on the drawings and embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] It should be noted that the terms "comprises", "includes" or any other variants are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, element, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements that are not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to the process, element, method, article or device. In addition, the terms "upper" and "lower" are based on the orientation and positional relationship of the devices or components shown in the drawings, and are only for the purpose of better describing the present invention, rather than requiring the devices, components or equipment shown to have this specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0030] The features and performances of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] The present invention provides a soil and water loss monitoring method using a 45° inclined grating array. A 45° inclined grating 4 is mounted on the side of a soil and water loss measuring rod 5. The pulse incident light emitted by the light source is coupled out of the side of the optical fiber through the inclined grating. When the coupling position is wrapped with soil, the light is reflected by the soil, coupled back to the optical fiber, and recorded by a detector 6. When there is no soil at the coupling position, the light is transmitted to the air, thereby realizing the measurement of the soil position and thus realizing the monitoring of soil loss.

[0032] The present invention uses the lateral coupling characteristics of the 45° tilted grating 4 to couple light from the side of the optical fiber to the external environment, thereby achieving direct interaction between light and soil. The presence or absence of soil can be distinguished through the reflection and transmission characteristics of light, and the tilted grating is innovatively used for soil and water loss monitoring.

[0033] The use of pulse light source 2 as the detection light, combined with the distributed sensing characteristics of the grating, can achieve highly sensitive soil position measurement. The instantaneous characteristics of the pulse light enable the system to quickly respond to the dynamic changes of soil loss.

[0034] The use of grating arrays to achieve multi-point monitoring can fully cover the monitoring area and improve the accuracy and reliability of monitoring. By analyzing the signal changes at different grating points, the scope and degree of soil erosion can be accurately determined. The anti-corrosion and anti-aging properties of optical fiber and gratings enable them to maintain high performance in harsh environments.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention designs a soil erosion monitoring device based on a 45° tilted grating array, including a soil erosion measuring rod 5, a 45° tilted grating 4, a pulse light source 2, a beam splitter 3 and a detector 6. The top is a pulse light source 2, which emits a pulse laser. Through the beam splitter 3, the transmitted light enters the 45° tilted grating 4, and the 45° tilted grating 4 can couple the laser out of the optical fiber at different grating interfaces. If there is no soil outside the 45° tilted grating 4, the laser is transmitted to the air without a reflected signal. When there is soil outside the 45° tilted grating 4, part of the laser is reflected and coupled back to the main optical path through the 45° tilted grating 4. Through the beam splitter 3, the reflected light is incident on the detector 6, thereby generating a reflected signal.

[0036] The device is suitable for a variety of complex environments (such as steep slopes, rivers, farmlands, etc.), and can perform long-term and stable monitoring in areas prone to soil erosion.

[0037] The signal captured by the detector 6 is sent to the data processing module, the function of which is: The time of laser pulse emission is recorded as t 1 , the time when the detector 6 receives the first reflected pulse signal is t 2 , the speed of light propagation in the optical fiber is v.

[0038] Then the distance S between the soil plane and the laser emission position is calculated as: S = (t 2 -t 1 )v / 2 When the soil plane changes due to soil erosion, its reflection position will also change, thus realizing the monitoring of soil erosion amount.

[0039] 45° tilted grating 4 structure Figure 2 A periodic and position-controllable continuous refractive index variation interface is formed inside the 45° tilted grating 4, and part of the incident light can be coupled out of the side of the optical fiber at the refractive index interface.

[0040] Preferably, the manufacturing principle of the 45° tilted grating 4 is as follows: the optical fiber after hydrogen pretreatment is photosensitivity, and its refractive index can change when absorbing ultraviolet light.

[0041] The mask is used to modulate and write ultraviolet light to form a periodic tilted structure, and the photosensitive optical fiber forms a 45° tilted grating 4 under structured light exposure. Due to the use of photolithography technology, the position accuracy of the tilted grating can be better than 1um, thereby greatly improving the accuracy of soil and water loss monitoring.

[0042] Preferably, Figure 2 As shown, the water and soil erosion monitoring device also includes a housing 1, a pulse light source 2, a beam splitter 3 and a detector 6 are integrated in the housing 1, and a mounting hole is prefabricated on the lower surface of the housing 1; the upper end of the 45° inclined grating 4 is inserted into the mounting hole. The design of the housing 1 plays a role in protecting the internal precision components from the influence of the external environment, such as rain erosion, dust pollution, etc., and prolongs the service life of the device. At the same time, the integrated design facilitates the installation and maintenance of the device.

[0043] Better yet, using solar energy as an energy supply is both green and environmentally friendly and highly sustainable, greatly reducing the reliance on traditional power sources and effectively reducing operating costs. It is especially suitable for complex monitoring scenarios such as outdoor areas where it is difficult to access the mains. Combined with energy storage devices (such as batteries), it can continue to supply power at night or on cloudy days when there is insufficient light.

[0044] Preferably, the detector 6 is connected to the host computer through a communication module, and the host computer is equipped with a data processing module, which realizes remote transmission and centralized processing of data. This enables the staff to obtain monitoring data in real time even if they are far away from the monitoring site, thereby enhancing the convenience of monitoring work.

[0045] Preferably, the soil erosion measuring rod 5 is made of high-strength corrosion-resistant material, and its surface is specially anti-slip treated to ensure that it remains stable during insertion into the soil and is not easily corroded by chemical substances in the soil, while increasing the friction between the soil and the soil to avoid displacement of the measuring rod in the soil due to external forces, which would affect the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0046] Preferably, the soil and water loss monitoring device also includes a calibration device, which includes a standard reflecting surface and a fine-tuning mechanism; the standard reflecting surface is set at an adjustable position to simulate soil reflection; the fine-tuning mechanism is used to accurately adjust the position of the standard reflecting surface so as to accurately calibrate the detector 6 when the device is installed or maintained to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results.

[0047] By introducing a standard reflective surface and a fine-tuning mechanism, the soil and water loss monitoring device can be calibrated regularly to ensure that the reflected signal received by the detector 6 is accurate. This helps to eliminate measurement deviations caused by device aging, changes in environmental factors or installation errors, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of soil loss monitoring.

[0048] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the relevant field should understand that the specific implementation methods of the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A soil and water loss monitoring method using a 45° inclined grating array, characterized in that: A 45° inclined grating (4) is mounted on the side of the soil loss measuring rod (5), and the 45° inclined grating (4) is inserted into the soil, with a portion of the grating being located above the soil; The 45° inclined grating (4) receives pulse incident light emitted from top to bottom, and couples the light out of the side of the 45° inclined grating (4) through the 45° inclined grating (4). When there is no soil at the coupling position, the light is transmitted to the air without a reflection signal. When the coupling position is covered with soil, the light is reflected by the soil and then coupled back to the 45° inclined grating (4), returns from the incident light path, is received and recorded by the detector (6), and the soil position is analyzed to realize soil loss monitoring.

2. The method for monitoring soil and water loss using a 45° inclined grating array according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process of analyzing soil position is: The time when the incident pulse light is emitted is recorded as t1, and the time when the detector (6) receives the first reflected pulse signal is t2; Then the calculation formula for the distance between the soil plane and the position S where the pulse incident light is emitted is: S = (t2-t1)v / 2 Where, v is the propagation speed of light in the 45° tilted grating (4); When the soil plane changes due to soil erosion, its reflection position will change, and the measured soil position will change, thus realizing the monitoring of soil erosion amount.

3. A soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array for implementing the soil and water loss monitoring method of claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: It comprises a soil erosion measuring rod (5), a 45° inclined grating (4), a pulse light source (2), a beam splitter (3) and a detector (6); The 45° inclined grating (4) is mounted on the side of the soil and water loss measuring rod (5); The output end of the pulse light source (2) is connected to the upper end of the 45° inclined grating (4) via a beam splitter (3); The detector (6) is installed on one side of the beam splitter (3) and is used to receive the light returned by the 45° tilted grating (4).

4. The soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The soil and water loss monitoring device further comprises a housing (1), a pulse light source (2), a beam splitter (3) and a detector (6) being integrated in the housing (1), and a mounting hole is prefabricated on the lower surface of the housing (1); The upper end of the 45° inclined grating (4) is inserted into the mounting hole.

5. The soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A solar panel is installed outside the shell (1) to supply power to the soil and water loss monitoring device.

6. The soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A communication module is installed inside or outside the housing (1), and the detector (6) is connected to the host computer via the communication module; The host computer is equipped with a data processing module, which is used to analyze the soil position. The specific process is as follows: The time when the incident pulse light is emitted is recorded as t1, and the time when the detector (6) receives the first reflected pulse signal is t2; Then the calculation formula for the distance between the soil plane and the position S where the pulse incident light is emitted is: S = (t2-t1)v / 2 Where, v is the propagation speed of light in the 45° tilted grating (4); When the soil plane changes due to soil erosion, its reflection position will change, and the measured soil position will change, thus realizing the monitoring of soil erosion amount.

7. The soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The 45° tilted grating (4) is obtained by double-beam interference method or mask-based ultraviolet lithography, with a position accuracy of micrometer level.

8. The soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The 45° inclined grating (4) is sensitized.

9. The soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array according to claim 8, characterized in that: The sensitization treatment specifically includes: before writing the 45° inclined grating (4), the optical fiber is subjected to high pressure hydrogen pretreatment.

10. A soil and water loss monitoring device based on a 45° inclined grating array according to any one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that: It also includes a calibration device, which includes a standard reflection surface and a fine-tuning mechanism; the standard reflection surface is set at an adjustable position to simulate soil reflection; the fine-tuning mechanism is used to adjust the position of the standard reflection surface.

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