In-situ testing device and method for rock and soil damage in waste dumps

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of waste dump simulation test, and specifically to an in-situ test device and method for waste dump rock and soil destruction, wherein the in-situ test device for waste dump rock and soil destruction comprises a test bench, a rock and soil box and at least one test vibration seat, the test bench comprises a table body, a sliding plate and a transmission assembly, the sliding plate and the transmission assembly are mounted on the table body, the rock and soil box is detachably mounted on the sliding plate, the transmission assembly is used to drive the sliding plate to move along the length direction of the test bench; and at the same time drive the sliding plate to move periodically along the height direction of the test bench; a drive assembly, the drive assembly is connected to the test vibration seat, the transmission assembly and the spoiler assembly; the problem that the existing technology has a single earthquake vibration loading method and cannot simulate the vibration and sliding coordinated process of the waste dump rock and soil, resulting in a mismatch with the real waste dump rock and soil dynamic coupling mechanism is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of waste dump simulation tests, and in particular to an in-situ test device and method for waste dump rock and soil destruction. Background Art

[0002] Spoil dumps, as artificial loose accumulations created by mining, water conservancy, and transportation projects, are characterized by loose structures and complex mechanical properties. They are prone to instability and slippage under dynamic loads such as earthquakes, posing a serious threat to surrounding safety. In recent years, with the increasing incidence of global seismic activity, the study of the seismic damage mechanisms of spoil dumps has become a key topic in geotechnical engineering disaster prevention and mitigation. However, existing technologies still have significant limitations in simulating and monitoring the slippage of spoil dumps under earthquakes.

[0003] Currently, in-situ seismic testing equipment for waste dumps suffers from two key deficiencies. First, seismic loading methods often rely on unidirectional or simple harmonic excitation, which cannot accurately reproduce the non-stationary nature of seismic motion, leading to discrepancies between test results and actual conditions. Seismic motion is a complex three-dimensional dynamic process, with its direction, intensity, and spectral characteristics exhibiting high variations in time and space. Therefore, unidirectional or simple harmonic excitation cannot accurately simulate the actual seismic conditions.

[0004] Secondly, existing test equipment is not compatible with the dynamic coupling mechanism of the in-situ rock and soil. This means that during the test, it is impossible to effectively study the process of earthquake-induced sliding of the entire rock and soil, and it is also difficult to simulate the multi-physics coupling effects of the interaction between seismic waves and rock and soil. In fact, the interaction between seismic waves and rock and soil is a complex process involving multiple physical fields coordinated by vibration, seepage, and airflow. The synergy between these physical fields has a significant impact on the stability of the rock and soil.

[0005] Therefore, in view of this, the inventors proposed an in-situ test device and method for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] One of the purposes of the present invention is to provide an in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that the seismic loading method is single and cannot simulate the coordinated process of vibration and slip of the rock and soil in the waste dump, resulting in a mismatch with the dynamic coupling mechanism of the rock and soil in the real waste dump; the second purpose is to propose a method.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] An in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump comprises a test bench, a rock and soil box, and at least one test vibration seat, wherein the test vibration seat is installed below the test bench and is used to drive the test bench to vibrate, and the rock and soil box is used to place the rock and soil;

[0009] The test bench includes a platform body, a sliding plate and a transmission assembly. The sliding plate and the transmission assembly are mounted on the platform body. The geotechnical box is detachably mounted on the sliding plate. The transmission assembly is used to drive the sliding plate to move along the length direction of the test bench; and at the same time, drive the sliding plate to move periodically along the height direction of the test bench.

[0010] A flow disturbance component is provided on one side of the test bench, and the flow disturbance component is connected to the geotechnical box and is used to flow air into the geotechnical box;

[0011] a driving assembly connected to the test vibration seat, the transmission assembly, and the spoiler assembly;

[0012] It also includes a monitoring system, which is arranged on one side of the geotechnical box and is used to monitor the status of the geotechnical body.

[0013] Furthermore, the platform includes a bottom plate and support bases fixed on both sides of the bottom plate;

[0014] The transmission assembly includes two first rotating shafts and a connecting shaft, and the two first rotating shafts are connected by the connecting shaft; a plurality of rotating wheels are rotatably provided on the two support seats, and the rotating wheels are provided with driven bevel gears, and a plurality of driving bevel gears are provided on the two first rotating shafts, and one of the driving bevel gears is meshed with the corresponding driven bevel gear;

[0015] The sliding plate is arranged on the rotating wheel, and the rotating wheel is used to drive the sliding plate to slide.

[0016] According to the above technical solution, the two first rotating shafts are connected by a connecting shaft. Several rotating wheels are rotatably mounted on the support base, each equipped with a driven bevel gear. Several driving bevel gears are mounted on the first rotating shaft. The driving bevel gears mesh with the corresponding driven bevel gears, forming a transmission relationship. When the drive assembly rotates the first rotating shaft, the driving bevel gears drive the driven bevel gears, thereby rotating the rotating wheels. A sliding plate is mounted on the rotating wheels, and the rotation of the rotating wheels causes the sliding plate to slide along the length of the test bench. At the same time, a cam is also provided on the first rotating shaft. The cam intermittently contacts the contact strips on both sides of the sliding plate, pushing the sliding plate to move up and down periodically along the height direction of the test bench, simulating the lateral sliding of the rock and soil caused by the earthquake, while the periodic up and down movement in the vertical direction simulates the vertical vibration caused by the earthquake, thereby restoring the three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of the seismic motion and simulating the complex stress and strain changes caused to the rock and soil during the propagation of seismic waves. Through this design, the sliding plate can realize compound movement in the horizontal and vertical directions, simulating the sliding and vibration process of the rock and soil under the action of the earthquake, thereby more realistically restoring the destructive mechanism of the seismic motion on the rock and soil in the waste dump.

[0017] Furthermore, along the width direction of the test bench, limit grooves are provided on both sides of the sliding plate, and a limit block is provided on the support seat. The limit block is inserted into the limit groove, and the sliding plate can move up and down along the height direction of the test bench;

[0018] A plurality of cams are coaxially arranged on the two first rotating shafts, and contact strips are arranged on both sides of the sliding plate. The cams are in intermittent contact with the contact strips to drive the sliding plate to move up and down periodically.

[0019] According to the above technical solution, limiting grooves are provided on both sides of the sliding plate, and limiting blocks are provided on the support seat. The limiting blocks are inserted into the limiting grooves to ensure that the sliding plate will not fall off when moving up and down along the height direction of the test bench, thereby improving the stability and safety of the device. A number of cams are coaxially arranged on the two first rotating shafts, and contact strips are installed on both sides of the sliding plate. When the first rotating shaft rotates, the cams rotate accordingly and intermittently contact the contact strips, pushing the sliding plate to move up and down periodically along the height direction of the test bench. The shape and rotation speed of the cams determine the amplitude and frequency of the up and down movement of the sliding plate, thereby simulating the vertical vibration caused by earthquake motion. Combined with horizontal sliding, the sliding plate realizes the composite movement in the horizontal and vertical directions, fully simulating the multi-directional vibration and sliding process of the rock mass under the action of an earthquake.

[0020] Furthermore, the test vibration seat includes a base, a first movable seat, a second movable seat and a top seat, two support plates are symmetrically arranged on the base, first guide rods are arranged on both sides of the first movable seat, and the first guide rods pass through the corresponding support plates and are slidably connected to the support plates;

[0021] A second guide rod is symmetrically arranged in the first movable seat, the second movable seat is slidably mounted on the second guide rod, and the top of the second movable seat is connected to the top seat;

[0022] A driving hole is provided at the center of the second movable seat, and the driving assembly extends into the driving hole to drive the second movable seat and the top seat to move.

[0023] According to the above technical solution, two support plates are symmetrically arranged on the base. First guide rods are mounted on either side of the first movable seat, extending through the support plates and slidingly connected to them, enabling horizontal movement of the first movable seat. Second guide rods are symmetrically arranged within the first movable seat, slidingly mounted on the second guide rods, enabling vertical movement. The top of the second movable seat is connected to the top seat, which supports the test bench. A drive hole is defined in the center of the second movable seat, into which the drive shaft of the drive assembly extends. This eccentric motion drives the second movable seat in a combination of horizontal and vertical motion. When the drive shaft rotates, its eccentric motion propels the second movable seat up and down along the second guide rods, while simultaneously driving the first movable seat horizontally via the first guide rods, thereby achieving multi-directional vibration of the top seat. This design simulates the complex three-dimensional characteristics of earthquake motion, including horizontal and vertical vibrations. The guide rods and sliding connection ensure the stability and accuracy of the motion, providing the test bench with realistic earthquake loading conditions, enabling more accurate research on the failure mechanism of the spoil dump rock mass under earthquake action.

[0024] Furthermore, the driving assembly includes a motor, the output shaft of the motor is connected to a second rotating shaft, the second rotating shaft is coaxially mounted with a first driving gear and a driving disc, the driving disc is eccentrically connected to a driving shaft, and the driving shaft extends into the driving hole to drive the second movable seat to move;

[0025] At the same time, the end of the driving shaft is connected to the spoiler assembly.

[0026] According to the above technical solution, the drive assembly is powered by a motor, the output shaft of the motor is connected to the second rotating shaft, the first driving gear and the drive disc are coaxially mounted on the second rotating shaft, the drive disc is eccentrically connected to the drive shaft, and the drive shaft extends into the drive hole of the second movable seat. When the motor is started, the second rotating shaft drives the drive disc to rotate, and the eccentric movement of the drive shaft drives the second movable seat to move in a complex manner in the horizontal and vertical directions, thereby driving the top seat and the test bench to simulate the multi-directional vibration characteristics of earthquake motion. At the same time, the end of the drive shaft is connected to the spoiler assembly, and the rotation of the drive shaft drives the spoiler assembly to operate through a gear transmission, directing airflow into the geotechnical box to simulate the multi-physics coupling effect under the interaction between seismic waves and geotechnical bodies. This design realizes the synchronous simulation of seismic loading and airflow disturbance, providing comprehensive experimental conditions for studying the destruction mechanism of the rock and soil in the waste dump under earthquake action.

[0027] Furthermore, the spoiler assembly includes a connecting plate and a piston cylinder fixedly arranged on the connecting plate, the connecting plate is fixedly provided with two gear rings, both of the gear rings are meshed with gears, a support rod is provided between the two gears, and the support rod is connected to the push rod;

[0028] The drive shaft is coaxially connected to one of the gears;

[0029] A piston column is sealingly and slidingly connected in the piston cylinder, and the bottom of the piston column is hinged to the push rod;

[0030] An air inlet is provided in the piston cylinder, a first one-way valve sheet is installed at the air inlet, an air outlet pipe is connected to the top of the piston cylinder, a second one-way valve diaphragm is provided in the air outlet pipe.

[0031] According to the above technical solution, the drive shaft is coaxially connected to one of the gears. When the drive shaft rotates, it drives the gear, which then meshes with the gear ring, causing the two gears on the connecting plate to rotate synchronously. A support rod between the gears is hinged to the piston rod via a push rod. The rotation of the gears propels the push rod up and down, which in turn drives the piston rod to slide sealed within the piston cylinder. When the piston rod moves downward, negative pressure forms within the piston cylinder, allowing outside air to enter the cylinder through a first one-way valve diaphragm at the air inlet. When the piston rod moves upward, the air inlet closes, compressing the gas within the cylinder and discharging it through an outlet pipe at the top. A second one-way valve diaphragm in the outlet pipe prevents backflow of gas. The exhausted gas enters the geotechnical chamber through an airflow tube, simulating the airflow disturbances caused by the interaction of seismic waves with the geotechnical mass. This design enables periodic airflow injection, simulating the multi-physics coupling effects caused by seismic motion, including the synergistic effects of vibration and airflow. This provides more realistic experimental conditions for studying the failure mechanisms of geotechnical mass in waste dumps under earthquake conditions.

[0032] Furthermore, the geotechnical box includes a box body and two water tanks, and the two water tanks are arranged on both sides of the box body;

[0033] A partition is provided in each of the two water tanks, the partition separating the water tank into a first chamber and a second chamber, the partition defining a water leakage channel communicating with the first chamber and the second chamber, a spring provided in the water leakage channel, a rubber ball provided on top of the spring, and in a stationary state, the spring drives the rubber ball to seal the water leakage channel;

[0034] The second chamber is communicated with the inner cavity of the box body.

[0035] According to the above technical solution, the geotechnical box simulates the seepage process under earthquake conditions by designing water tanks on both sides. A partition is installed inside the water tank, dividing it into a first chamber and a second chamber. A water leakage channel is created on the partition. A spring and a rubber ball are installed in the channel. In the static state, the spring force causes the rubber ball to seal the leakage channel, preventing water from passing through. When the earthquake simulation begins, vibrations from the test bench are transmitted to the geotechnical box. The spring deforms, causing the rubber ball to disengage from the leakage channel, allowing water in the first chamber to flow through the leakage channel into the second chamber. Because the second chamber is connected to the inner cavity of the box, the water further seeps into the rock and soil within the geotechnical box, simulating the hydrological upwelling seepage effect caused by the earthquake. This system can realistically reproduce the effects of earthquake motion on the internal water distribution and seepage pressure of rock and soil, allowing the study of the seepage characteristics of rock and soil under earthquake motion and its impact on stability. By combining the synergistic effects of vibration, slip, and seepage, the geotechnical box can fully simulate the multi-physics coupling effects of earthquake motion on the rock and soil of the waste dump, providing more precise experimental conditions for studying its failure mechanisms.

[0036] Furthermore, the box body and the two water tanks are both transparent structures;

[0037] A plurality of air flow holes are formed on the side wall of the box body, each of the air flow holes is connected to an air flow pipe, and the air flow pipe is connected to the air outlet pipe.

[0038] According to the above technical solution, the box body and the water tanks on both sides adopt a transparent structure to facilitate the observation of changes in the rock and soil during the earthquake simulation process. Several air flow holes are opened in the side wall of the box body, and each air flow hole is connected to the outlet pipe of the spoiler assembly through an air flow tube. When the spoiler assembly is working, the gas discharged from the piston cylinder enters the box body through the outlet pipe and the air flow tube, simulating the air flow disturbance caused by seismic waves. The transparent structure enables researchers to intuitively monitor the slippage, seepage and air flow disturbance processes of the rock and soil. Combined with the data recorded by the monitoring system, a comprehensive analysis of the multi-physics coupling effect and damage mechanism of the rock and soil under the action of earthquakes is achieved.

[0039] Furthermore, it also includes a spray rack, on which a spray plate is provided. The spray plate extends into the top of the box body and is used for spraying the rock and soil.

[0040] According to the above technical solution, the spray rack sprays the rock and soil within the geotechnical box through spray plates, simulating the effects of natural conditions such as rainfall on the rock and soil. The spray plates extend into the top of the box, evenly distributing the water flow and subjecting the rock and soil to vibration and slip tests under varying humidity conditions. This design enables the study of the synergistic effects of rainfall and earthquakes on rock and soil stability, further recreating the multi-factor coupling effects found in real-world environments.

[0041] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an in-situ test method for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump, which uses the aforementioned in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump, and includes the following steps:

[0042] S1: Install the geotechnical box loaded with rock and soil onto the sliding plate of the test bench;

[0043] S2: Start the drive assembly, drive the test vibration seat to drive the test bench to generate horizontal and vertical composite vibrations. At the same time, the transmission assembly drives the sliding plate to slide along the length of the test bench and move up and down periodically to simulate the multi-directional vibration effect of an earthquake.

[0044] S3: The driving assembly synchronously drives the flow disturbance assembly to operate, injecting periodic airflow into the geotechnical box through the airflow pipe through piston compression to simulate the airflow disturbance caused by the earthquake;

[0045] S4: The vibration of the test bench triggers the opening of the water leakage channels in the water tanks on both sides of the geotechnical box, allowing water to seep into the rock and soil, simulating the earthquake seepage effect;

[0046] S5: The monitoring system collects data of rock and soil in real time, and records and analyzes the failure mechanism of rock and soil under the coupling of multiple physical fields.

[0047] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0048] The test vibration base of the present invention, controlled by a drive assembly, drives the test bench to vibrate in multiple directions, simulating the three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of earthquake motion, thereby more realistically reproducing the non-stationarity of earthquake motion. Furthermore, the transmission assembly drives the sliding plate to move along the length of the test bench, moving it up and down periodically, simulating the sliding process of rock and soil under earthquake action. Simultaneously, the spoiler assembly directs airflow into the rock and soil box, simulating the multi-physics coupling effects of wind direction, airflow, and rock and soil during an earthquake, including the synergistic effects of vibration, seepage, and airflow. Furthermore, the design of the rock and soil box simulates the seepage process through a water tank and leakage channel, further enhancing the authenticity of the test. A monitoring system monitors the state of the rock and soil in real time, recording data such as slip, vibration, and seepage, providing a reliable basis for analyzing rock and soil failure mechanisms. This collaborative work not only achieves multi-dimensional simulation of earthquake loading but also solves the problem of mismatched dynamic coupling mechanisms in existing technologies. This allows for more accurate study of the failure process of rock and soil in waste dumps under earthquake action, providing effective testing methods and technical support for disaster prevention and mitigation in geotechnical engineering.

[0049] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present application will be described to some extent in the subsequent description, and to some extent, will be obvious to those skilled in the art based on the following examination and study, or can be taught from the practice of the present application. The objectives and other advantages of the present application can be achieved and obtained through the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0050] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one direction of the in-situ test device for rock and soil destruction in a waste dump of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the in-situ test device for rock and soil destruction in a waste dump according to the present invention, showing another direction;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a disassembled structural diagram of the rock and soil box and test bench of the in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump according to the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4 In-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in the waste dump of the present invention Figure 3 Schematic diagram of further split structure;

[0054] Figure 5 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the transmission assembly in the in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump according to the present invention;

[0055] Figure 6 In-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in the waste dump of the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part A;

[0056] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of a test vibration base in an in-situ test device for rock and soil destruction in a waste dump according to the present invention;

[0057] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the test vibration base and the driving assembly in the in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump according to the present invention;

[0058] Figure 9 It is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump of the present invention;

[0059] Figure 10 In-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in the waste dump of the present invention Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part B;

[0060] Figure 11 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a rock and soil box in an in-situ test device for rock and soil destruction in a waste dump according to the present invention;

[0061] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the structure of the spoil assembly in the in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in the waste dump of the present invention

[0062] Figure 13 It is a front view schematic diagram of the flow disturbance component in the in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 14 for Figure 13 EE cross-sectional diagram;

[0064] Figure 15 The in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in the waste dump of the present invention is Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure of part C;

[0065] Figure 16 In-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in the waste dump of the present invention Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the enlarged structure.

[0066] Among them, the test bench 1, the table body 11, the bottom plate 111, the support seat 112, the sliding plate 12, the limit groove 121, the limit block 122, the contact strip 123, the transmission assembly 13, the first rotating shaft 131, the connecting shaft 132, the runner 133, the driven bevel gear 134, the driving bevel gear 135, the cam 136, the geotechnical box 2, the box body 21, the air flow hole 211, the air flow tube 212, the water tank 22, the partition 23, the first chamber 221, the second chamber 222, the water leakage channel 231, the spring 232, the rubber ball 233, the test vibration seat 3, the base 31, the first movable Seat 32, second movable seat 33, top seat 34, support plate 35, first guide rod 36, second guide rod 37, spoiler assembly 4, connecting plate 41, piston cylinder 42, gear ring 43, gear 44, support rod 45, push rod 46, piston column 47, air inlet 48, first one-way valve plate 481, air outlet pipe 49, second one-way valve diaphragm 491, monitoring system 5, drive assembly 6, motor 61, second rotating shaft 62, first driving gear 63, drive disk 64, drive shaft 65, first driven gear 66, tension belt 67, spray rack 7, spray plate 71, rock and soil body 8. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0067] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the various details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments are intended only to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0068] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are merely schematic illustrations of the basic concept of the present invention. Therefore, the illustrations only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape, and size of components in actual implementation. In actual implementation, the type, quantity, and proportion of each component may be changed arbitrarily, and the component layout may also be more complex.

[0069] This embodiment proposes an in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump. Figures 1 to 16 As shown, it includes a test bench 1, a geotechnical box 2 and at least one test vibration seat 3. The test vibration seat 3 is installed below the test bench 1. The test vibration seat 3 is used to drive the test bench 1 to vibrate, and the geotechnical box 2 is used to place the geotechnical body 8. In this embodiment, there are two test vibration seats 3, both of which are arranged below the test bench 1 to support the test bench 1.

[0070] The test bench 1 includes a platform 11, a sliding plate 12, and a transmission assembly 13. The sliding plate 12 and the transmission assembly 13 are mounted on the platform 11. The geotechnical box 2 is detachably mounted on the sliding plate 12. Specifically, the geotechnical box 2 is mounted on the sliding plate 12 by bolts. The transmission assembly 13 is used to drive the sliding plate 12 to move along the length direction of the test bench 1. At the same time, it also drives the sliding plate 12 to periodically move up and down along the height direction of the test bench 1.

[0071] The driving assembly 6 is connected to the test vibration seat 3, the transmission assembly 13 and the spoiler assembly 4;

[0072] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 9 As shown, the platform 11 includes a bottom plate 111 and support bases 112 fixed on both sides of the bottom plate 111; Figures 3 to 6 As shown, the transmission assembly 13 includes two first rotating shafts 131 and a connecting shaft 132. The rotating shafts are respectively rotatably mounted on the support base 112, and the two first rotating shafts 131 are connected by the connecting shaft 132. A plurality of rotating wheels 133 are rotatably mounted on the two support bases 112, and a driven bevel gear 134 is mounted on the rotating wheels 133. A plurality of driving bevel gears 135 are mounted on each of the two first rotating shafts 131, and the driving bevel gears 135 are meshed with the corresponding driven bevel gears 134. The sliding plate 12 is mounted on the rotating wheels 133, and the bottom of the sliding plate 12 contacts the rotating wheels 133. The rotating wheels 133 are used to drive the sliding plate 12 to slide. According to the above technical solution, the two first rotating shafts 131 are connected by the connecting shaft 132, so that the two first rotating shafts 131 can rotate synchronously. A plurality of rotating wheels 133 are rotatably mounted on the support base 112, and a driven bevel gear 134 is mounted on the rotating wheels 133, and a plurality of driving bevel gears 135 are mounted on the first rotating shaft 131. The driving bevel gear 135 meshes with the corresponding driven bevel gear 134, forming a transmission relationship. When the drive assembly 6 rotates the first rotating shaft 131, the driving bevel gear 135 drives the driven bevel gear 134, thereby rotating the rotating wheel 133. The sliding plate 12 is mounted on the rotating wheel 133. The rotation of the rotating wheel 133 causes the sliding plate 12 to slide along the length of the test bench 1.

[0073] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 4 、 Figure 9 and Figure 10 As shown, along the width direction of the test bench 1, limiting grooves 121 are opened on both sides of the sliding plate 12, and a limiting block 122 is provided on the support seat 112. The limiting block 122 is inserted into the limiting groove 121, and the sliding plate 12 can move up and down along the height direction of the test bench 1; a plurality of cams 136 are coaxially arranged on the two first rotating shafts 131, and contact strips 123 are provided on both sides of the sliding plate 12. The cams 136 are in intermittent contact with the contact strips 123, which are used to drive the sliding plate 12 to move up and down periodically.

[0074] According to the above technical solution, limit slots 121 are defined on both sides of the sliding plate 12, and limit blocks 122 are provided on the support base 112. The limit blocks 122 engage in the limit slots 121, ensuring that the sliding plate 12 does not fall off when moving up and down along the height of the test bench 1, thereby improving the stability and safety of the device. Several cams 136 are coaxially disposed on the two first rotating shafts 131, and contact bars 123 are mounted on both sides of the sliding plate 12. When the first rotating shafts 131 rotate, the cams 136 rotate accordingly and intermittently contact the contact bars 123, pushing the sliding plate 12 to periodically move up and down along the height of the test bench 1.

[0075] It should be noted that, to better study the rock mass 8 in the waste dump, the shape of the cam 136 and the rotational speed of the first rotating shaft 131 in this embodiment are designed to be adjustable. The shape and rotational speed of the cam 136 determine the amplitude and frequency of the vertical movement of the sliding plate 12, thereby simulating the vertical vibration caused by earthquake motion. The rock box 2 is mounted on the sliding plate 12, and combined with horizontal sliding, it achieves a combined horizontal and vertical movement of the rock box 2, fully simulating the multi-directional vibration and sliding process of the rock mass 8 within the rock box 2 under the action of an earthquake.

[0076] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the test vibration seat 3 includes a base 31, a first movable seat 32, a second movable seat 33 and a top seat 34. Two support plates 35 are symmetrically fixed on the base 31. Two movable holes are provided on the two support plates 35. First guide rods 36 are provided on both sides of the first movable seat 32. There are four first guide rods 36, which are symmetrically installed on both sides of the first movable seat 32 in pairs. The first guide rods 36 extend into the movable holes and pass through the support plates 35 to be slidably connected to the support plates 35.

[0077] The first movable seat 32 is symmetrically provided with second guide rods 37, and there are two second guide rods 37. The second movable seat 33 is slidably mounted on the second guide rods 37, and the top of the second movable seat 33 is connected to the top seat 34. A driving hole is opened at the center position of the second movable seat 33, and the driving assembly 6 extends into the driving hole to drive the second movable seat 33 and the top seat 34 to move.

[0078] In this embodiment, two support plates 35 are symmetrically arranged on the base 31, and first guide rods 36 are installed on both sides of the first movable seat 32. The first guide rods 36 pass through the support plates 35 through the movable holes and are slidably connected to the support plates 35, so that the first movable seat 32 can move along the Figure 7 The first movable seat 32 is symmetrically provided with a second guide rod 37, and the second movable seat 33 is slidably mounted on the second guide rod 37 so that it can move along the horizontal direction. Figure 7The second movable seat 33 moves up and down in the vertical direction. The top of the second movable seat 33 is connected to the top seat 34. The top seat 34 is connected to the test bench 1 to support the test bench 1. A drive hole is provided at the center of the second movable seat 33. The drive assembly 6 extends into the drive hole and drives the second movable seat 33 to move in a compound horizontal and vertical direction through eccentric motion. When the drive shaft 65 rotates, its eccentric motion pushes the second movable seat 33 to move up and down along the second guide rod 37, while driving the first movable seat 32 to move horizontally through the first guide rod 36, thereby realizing multi-directional sliding of the top seat 34. This design is used to simulate the complex three-dimensional characteristics of earthquake motion, including horizontal and vertical vibrations, and provide the test bench 1 with earthquake motion loading conditions close to reality, so as to more accurately study the destruction mechanism of the waste dump rock mass 8 under earthquake action.

[0079] A flow disturbance component 4 is provided on one side of the test bench 1 , and the flow disturbance component 4 is connected to the geotechnical box 2 for directing airflow into the geotechnical box 2 .

[0080] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the drive assembly 6 includes a motor 61, and a second rotating shaft 62 is connected to the output shaft of the motor 61. A first driving gear 63 and a driving disk 64 are coaxially mounted on the second rotating shaft 62. A driving shaft 65 is eccentrically connected to the driving disk 64, and the driving shaft 65 extends into the driving hole to drive the second movable seat 33 to move; a first driven gear 66 is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the first rotating shafts 131, and a tensioning belt 67 is provided between the first driven gear 66 and the first driving gear 63; at the same time, the end of the driving shaft 65 is connected to the spoiler assembly 4.

[0081] In this embodiment, the drive assembly 6 is powered by a motor 61. When the motor 61 is activated, the second rotating shaft 62 drives the drive disc 64 to rotate. The eccentric motion of the drive shaft 65 propels the second movable seat 33 to move in both horizontal and vertical directions, thereby driving the top seat 34 and the test bench 1 to simulate the multi-directional vibration characteristics of earthquake motion. Simultaneously, a first driven gear 66 is coaxially fixedly connected to one of the first rotating shafts 131. The first driven gear 66 is connected to the first driving gear 63 via a tensioning belt 67, enabling power transmission to drive the first rotating shaft 131 to rotate, thereby driving the sliding plate 12 to move along the length and height of the test bench 1. Furthermore, the end of the drive shaft 65 is connected to the spoiler assembly 4. The rotation of the drive shaft 65, through the gear 44, drives the spoiler assembly 4 to operate, directing airflow into the geotechnical box 2. This simulates the multi-physics coupling effect of the interaction between seismic waves and the geotechnical mass 8, achieving simultaneous simulation of earthquake motion loading and airflow disturbances, and providing comprehensive experimental conditions for studying the failure mechanism of the spoil field geotechnical mass 8 under earthquake action.

[0082] As a preferred embodiment, Figures 12 to 15As shown, the spoiler assembly 4 includes a connecting plate 41 and a piston cylinder 42 fixedly arranged on the connecting plate 41. The connecting plate 41 is detachably mounted on the support plate 35 by bolt connection. Of course, the spoiler assembly 4 can also be mounted on the spray rack 7.

[0083] Two gear rings 43 are fixedly mounted on the connecting plate 41. Gears 44 mesh with each other, and a support rod 45 is disposed between the two gears 44. A push rod 46 is connected to the support rod 45. A drive shaft 65 is coaxially connected to one of the gears 44. Rotation of the drive shaft 65 drives the gear 44 to rotate around the gear ring 43. A piston rod 47 is sealingly and slidably connected to the piston cylinder 42. The bottom of the piston rod 47 is hingedly connected to the push rod 46. An air inlet 48 is defined within the piston cylinder 42, where a first one-way valve plate 481 is mounted. An air outlet pipe 49 is connected to the top of the piston cylinder 42, and a second one-way valve diaphragm 491 is disposed within the air outlet pipe 49.

[0084] In this embodiment, a drive shaft 65 is coaxially connected to one of the gears 44. When the drive shaft 65 rotates, it drives the gear 44 to rotate, meshing the gear 44 with the gear ring 43, causing the two gears 44 on the connecting plate 41 to rotate synchronously. The support rod 45 between the gears 44 is hingedly connected to the piston rod 47 via the push rod 46. The rotation of the gear 44 pushes the push rod 46 up and down, thereby driving the piston rod 47 to slide sealedly within the piston cylinder 42. When the piston cylinder 47 moves downward, negative pressure is formed within the piston cylinder 42, and external air enters the piston cylinder 42 through the first one-way valve diaphragm 481 at the air inlet 48. When the piston cylinder 47 moves upward, the air inlet 48 is closed, and the gas within the piston cylinder 42 is compressed and discharged through the top outlet pipe 49. The second one-way valve diaphragm 491 in the outlet pipe 49 prevents gas from flowing back. The exhausted gas enters the geotechnical box 2 through the airflow pipe 212, simulating the airflow disturbance caused by the interaction between the seismic wave and the geotechnical body 8. This design realizes the periodic injection of airflow, which can simulate the multi-physical field coupling effect caused by earthquake motion, including the synergistic effect of vibration and airflow, and provides more realistic experimental conditions for studying the destruction mechanism of the geotechnical body 8 in the waste dump under earthquake action.

[0085] In a possible embodiment, the gear ring 43 and the gear 44 structure can also be omitted, and the push rod 46 can be directly mounted on the drive shaft 65. The drive shaft 65 drives the push rod 46 to move, and the push rod 46 drives the piston column 47 to slide sealed in the piston cylinder 42, thereby realizing the periodic injection of air flow into the geotechnical box 2.

[0086] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 9 、 Figure 11 and Figure 16 As shown, the geotechnical box 2 includes a box body 21 and two water tanks 22. Figure 9As shown, two water tanks 22 are arranged on the left and right sides of the box body 21; a partition 23 is provided in each of the two water tanks 22, and the partition 23 separates the water tank 22 into a first chamber 221 and a second chamber 222. The first chamber 221 is located above the second chamber 222, and the second chamber 222 is connected to the inner cavity of the box body 21. The partition 23 is provided with a water leakage channel 231, which is connected to the first chamber 221 and the second chamber 222. A spring 232 is provided in the water leakage channel 231, and a rubber ball 233 is provided on the top of the spring 232. In a static state, the spring 232 drives the rubber ball 233 to seal the water leakage channel 231.

[0087] In this embodiment, the geotechnical box 2 simulates the seepage process of hydrological rise under earthquake action by designing water tanks 22 on both sides. A partition 23 is provided in the water tank 22 to separate the water tank 22 into a first chamber 221 and a second chamber 222. A water leakage channel 231 is opened on the partition 23, and a spring 232 and a rubber ball 233 are installed in the channel. In a static state, the elastic force of the spring 232 causes the rubber ball 233 to block the water leakage channel 231, preventing water from flowing through. When the earthquake simulation begins, the vibration of the test bench 1 is transmitted to the geotechnical box 2. The spring 232 is deformed by the vibration, causing the rubber ball 233 to no longer block the water leakage channel 231. The water in the first chamber 221 flows through the water leakage channel 231 into the second chamber 222. Since the second chamber 222 is connected to the inner cavity of the box 21, the water flow further penetrates into the geotechnical mass 8 in the geotechnical box 2, simulating the hydrological upwelling seepage effect caused by the earthquake, simulating the destructive effects of the earthquake on the internal moisture distribution and seepage pressure of the geotechnical mass 8, and studying the seepage characteristics of the geotechnical mass 8 in the waste dump under the action of the earthquake and its impact on stability. By combining the synergistic effects of vibration, slip, and seepage, the geotechnical box 2 can fully simulate the multi-physics coupling effects of earthquake motion on the geotechnical mass 8 in the waste dump, providing more accurate experimental conditions for studying its damage mechanism.

[0088] As a preferred embodiment, the box body 21 and the two water tanks 22 are both transparent structures; the side wall of the box body 21 is provided with a plurality of air flow holes 211, each of which is connected to an air flow pipe 212, and the air flow pipe 212 is connected to the air outlet pipe 49. The box body 21 and the water tanks 22 on both sides adopt a transparent structure to facilitate the observation of the changes in the rock and soil 8 during the earthquake simulation process. The side wall of the box body 21 is provided with a plurality of air flow holes 211, each of which is connected to the air outlet pipe 49 of the spoiler assembly 4 through an air flow pipe 212. When the spoiler assembly 4 is working, the gas discharged from the piston cylinder 42 enters the box body 21 through the air outlet pipe 49 and the air flow pipe 212, simulating the air flow disturbance caused by the seismic wave. The transparent structure enables researchers to intuitively monitor the slip, seepage and air flow disturbance process of the rock and soil 8, and combine the data recorded by the monitoring system 5 to comprehensively analyze the multi-physical field coupling effect and its destruction mechanism of the rock and soil 8 under the action of the earthquake.

[0089] As a preferred embodiment, this embodiment further includes a spray rack 7, which is provided with a spray plate 71. The spray plate 71 extends into the top of the box 21 and is used to spray the rock mass 8. The spray rack 7 sprays the rock mass 8 within the rock mass box 2 via the spray plate 71, simulating the effects of natural conditions such as rainfall on the rock mass 8. The spray plate 71 extends into the top of the box 21, evenly distributing the water flow and subjecting the rock mass 8 to vibration and slip tests under different humidity conditions. This design is used to simulate the effects of the synergistic effects of rainfall and earthquakes on the stability of the rock mass 8, further recreating the multi-factor coupling effects in a real environment.

[0090] The system also includes a monitoring system 5, installed on one side of the geotechnical box 2, for monitoring, recording, and analyzing changes in the state of the geotechnical mass 8 during the earthquake simulation test. The monitoring system 5 includes sensors, cameras, a data acquisition device, a computer, and software. Sensors are the core components of the monitoring system 5, used to collect physical state data of the geotechnical mass 8. These sensors include displacement sensors, acceleration sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, and strain sensors. Displacement sensors are installed between the sliding plate 12 and the test bench 1 to monitor the horizontal and vertical displacement of the sliding plate 12. Acceleration sensors are installed on the inner wall of the geotechnical box 2 or on the surface of the geotechnical mass 8 to measure the vibration acceleration of the geotechnical mass 8 during the earthquake simulation. Pressure sensors are embedded in the geotechnical mass 8 or installed on the side walls of the geotechnical box 2 to monitor stress distribution and pressure changes within the geotechnical mass 8. Humidity sensors are installed in the geotechnical box 2 to monitor moisture distribution and humidity changes in the geotechnical mass 8 during seepage. Strain sensors are installed on the surface or inside the geotechnical mass 8 to measure strain changes in the geotechnical mass 8 under earthquake action. The camera is the visual monitoring component of the monitoring system 5, primarily used to observe in real time the dynamic changes of the rock mass 8 during the earthquake simulation test. Installation locations include the exterior of the rock mass box 2 and around the test bench 1. The camera outside the rock mass box 2 is installed around the transparent sidewalls to capture the sliding, seepage, and airflow disturbance processes of the rock mass 8. The cameras around the test bench 1 are used to record the motion of the sliding plate 12 and the overall vibration of the test bench 1. The data collector is the data processing hub of the monitoring system 5, used to receive, store, and transmit data collected by sensors. It is typically installed near the test bench 1 and connected to sensors and computers via wired or wireless means. Its main functions include data reception, data storage, and data transmission. The computer and software are the data analysis platform of the monitoring system 5, used to process and analyze collected data.

[0091] On the other hand, the present invention also proposes an in-situ test method for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump.

[0092] S1. Install the geotechnical box 2 loaded with the geotechnical mass 8 onto the sliding plate 12 of the test bench 1;

[0093] During the test preparation phase, the rock mass 8, which had been previously prepared as waste, was layered and filled into a transparent rock and soil box 2 to simulate the layered stacking structure of a real waste dump. The rock and soil box 2 was bolted to the sliding plate 12 to ensure a secure connection. After installation, sensors of the monitoring system 5 were deployed within the rock and soil 8 and at key locations within the box 21. These sensors included displacement sensors installed at the contact surface between the sliding plate 12 and the test bench 1 to monitor the horizontal displacement (X / Y axis) and vertical displacement (Z axis) of the sliding plate 12; acceleration sensors embedded in the surface and deep layers (e.g., 10 cm and 30 cm depth) of the rock and soil 8 to measure acceleration changes at different depths during vibration transmission; pressure sensors arranged on the side walls and bottom of the rock and soil box 2 to monitor the lateral earth pressure and base contact pressure of the rock and soil 8 on the box wall in real time; moisture sensors distributed at different heights of the rock and soil 8 to monitor the moisture migration path and saturation changes during the seepage test; and strain sensors attached to the surface of the rock and soil 8 or pre-buried within it to capture the local strain distribution of the rock and soil 8 under combined vibration. At the same time, a high-frame rate camera (≥200fps) is installed on the outside of the geotechnical box 2, focusing on the seepage path, slip surface crack expansion and airflow disturbance phenomena of the transparent box 21, and linked with the wide-angle camera on the side of the test bench 1 to record the movement status of the entire device.

[0094] Step S2: Start the driving assembly 6 to drive the test vibration seat 3 to drive the test bench 1 to generate horizontal and vertical composite vibrations. At the same time, the transmission assembly 13 drives the sliding plate 12 to slide along the length direction of the test bench 1 and move up and down periodically to simulate the multi-directional vibration effect of an earthquake.

[0095] The motor 61 of the drive assembly 6 is activated, driving the test vibration base 3 and the transmission assembly 13 to operate synchronously via the second rotating shaft 62. For the test vibration base 3, the eccentric motion of the drive shaft 65 propels the second movable base 33 in a complex motion in the horizontal (X / Y) and vertical (Z) directions, simulating a three-dimensional seismic waveform (such as the El Centro earthquake wave or an artificially synthesized wave). The top base 34 transmits the vibration to the test bench 1, where the input waveform's amplitude (0.1-1.0g) and frequency (1-10Hz) parameters are verified via an accelerometer. For the transmission assembly 13, the first rotating shaft 131 rotates under the force of the tensioning belt 67, driving the wheel 133 to reciprocate the sliding plate 12 along the length of the test bench 1 (at a speed of 0.5-2.0m / s). Simultaneously, the cam 136 periodically lifts the contact bar 123, enabling adjustment of the sliding plate 12's vertical amplitude (5-30mm) and frequency (0.5-5Hz). Monitoring system 5 coordinates control: A data collector simultaneously records displacement, acceleration, and pressure data at a 1kHz sampling rate, displaying the motion trajectory of the sliding plate 12 and the vibration response curve of the geotechnical box 2 in real time. The camera activates dynamic tracking mode, capturing the displacement field distribution of the surface particles of the geotechnical mass 8. Using image processing algorithms, it generates a displacement cloud map, which is cross-validated with the sensor data.

[0096] Step S3: the driving component 6 synchronously drives the flow disturbance component 4 to operate, and injects the periodic airflow into the geotechnical box 2 through the airflow pipe 212 by piston compression, simulating the airflow disturbance caused by the earthquake.

[0097] The end of the drive shaft 65 drives the flow disturbance assembly 4 through a transmission mechanism involving a gear 44 and a gear ring 43. Driven by a push rod 46, the piston rod 47 compresses air at the same frequency (1-10 Hz) as the drive shaft 65. This pulsating airflow (at a rate of 0.1-1.5 m³ / min) is injected into the geotechnical box 2 through the outlet pipe 49, simulating the exchange of seismic pressure waves with the pore gas in the geotechnical mass 8. The airflow is evenly diffused through the air holes 211 in the sidewall of the box 21, disrupting the internal pore structure of the geotechnical mass 8. Combined with the transparent design of the box 21, fine particle migration can be observed using a high-speed camera. Monitoring System 5 parameter configuration: The pressure sensor has been equipped with a differential measurement mode to distinguish between static pressure (caused by seepage) and dynamic pressure (caused by airflow disturbances).

[0098] Step S4: The vibration of the test bench 1 triggers the opening of the water leakage channels 231 of the water tanks 22 on both sides of the geotechnical box 2, allowing water to seep into the geotechnical body 8, simulating the earthquake seepage effect;

[0099] Vibration from the test bench 1 is transmitted to the water tanks 22 on either side of the geotechnical box 2, causing the springs 232 within the water leakage channel 231 to vibrate. When the vibration acceleration exceeds a threshold (e.g., 0.3g), the rubber ball 233 disengages from the water leakage channel 231, and water (preset volume 10-50L) accumulates in the first chamber 221 and seeps into the geotechnical mass 8 through the second chamber 222, simulating the increase in pore water pressure and seepage damage induced by seismic activity. The seepage path is visualized using transparent water tanks 22 and a dye tracer (e.g., sodium fluorescein) to monitor wetting deformation and shear band evolution in the geotechnical mass 8.

[0100] Step S5: The monitoring system 5 collects data of the rock and soil body 8 in real time, and records and analyzes the failure mechanism of the rock and soil body 8 under the coupling of multiple physical fields.

[0101] The researchers used computer software to analyze and process the data, studied the slip characteristics, vibration response, seepage effect and airflow disturbance characteristics of the rock mass 8 under earthquake action, analyzed the influence of multi-physical field coupling effect on the stability of the rock mass 8, and summarized the destruction mechanism of the rock mass 8 under earthquake action, providing a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation of the waste dump.

[0102] The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments for fully illustrating the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitution or modification made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention is within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump, characterized in that: include: A test bench (1), a geotechnical box (2) and at least one test vibration seat (3), wherein the test vibration seat (3) is installed below the test bench (1), the test vibration seat (3) is used to drive the test bench (1) to vibrate, and the geotechnical box (2) is used to place a geotechnical body (8); The test bench (1) comprises a platform body (11), a sliding plate (12) and a transmission assembly (13); the sliding plate (12) and the transmission assembly (13) are mounted on the platform body (11); the geotechnical box (2) is detachably mounted on the sliding plate (12); the transmission assembly (13) is used to drive the sliding plate (12) to move along the length direction of the test bench (1); and at the same time, drive the sliding plate (12) to move periodically along the height direction of the test bench (1); A flow disturbance component (4) is provided on one side of the test bench (1), and the flow disturbance component (4) is connected to the geotechnical box (2) and is used to flow air into the geotechnical box (2); A drive assembly (6), the drive assembly (6) being connected to the test vibration seat (3), the transmission assembly (13) and the spoiler assembly (4); It also includes a monitoring system (7), which is arranged on one side of the geotechnical box (2) and is used to monitor the status of the geotechnical body (8).

2. The in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump according to claim 1, characterized in that: The platform (11) comprises a bottom plate (111) and support bases (112) fixed on both sides of the bottom plate (111); The transmission assembly (13) includes two first rotating shafts (131) and a connecting shaft (132), wherein the two first rotating shafts (131) are connected via the connecting shaft (132); a plurality of rotating wheels (133) are rotatably provided on the two support seats (112), and a driven bevel gear (134) is provided on the rotating wheels (133); a plurality of driving bevel gears (135) are provided on both first rotating shafts (131), and one of the driving bevel gears (135) is meshed with the corresponding driven bevel gear (134); The sliding plate (12) is arranged on the rotating wheel (133), and the rotating wheel (133) is used to drive the sliding plate (12) to slide.

3. The in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump according to claim 2, characterized in that: Along the width direction of the test bench (1), limiting grooves (121) are provided on both sides of the sliding plate (12), and a limiting block (122) is provided on the support seat (112). The limiting block (122) is inserted into the limiting groove (121), and the sliding plate (12) can move up and down along the height direction of the test bench (1); A plurality of cams (136) are coaxially arranged on the two first rotating shafts (131), and contact strips (123) are arranged on both sides of the sliding plate (12). The cams (136) are in intermittent contact with the contact strips (123) to drive the sliding plate (12) to move up and down periodically.

4. The in-situ testing device for rock and soil damage in a waste dump according to claim 3, characterized in that: The test vibration seat (3) includes a base (31), a first movable seat (32), a second movable seat (33) and a top seat (34), two support plates (35) are symmetrically arranged on the base (31), and first guide rods (36) are arranged on both sides of the first movable seat (32), and the first guide rods (36) pass through the corresponding support plates (35) and are slidably connected to the support plates (35); A second guide rod (37) is symmetrically arranged in the first movable seat (32), the second movable seat (33) is slidably mounted on the second guide rod (37), and the top of the second movable seat (33) is connected to the top seat (34); A driving hole (331) is provided at the center of the second movable seat (33), and the driving assembly (6) extends into the driving hole (331) to drive the second movable seat (33) and the top seat (34) to move.

5. The in-situ testing device for rock and soil damage in a waste dump according to claim 4, characterized in that: The driving assembly (6) includes a motor (61), the output shaft of the motor (61) is connected to a second rotating shaft (62), the second rotating shaft (62) is coaxially mounted with a first driving gear (63) and a driving disk (64), the driving disk (64) is eccentrically connected to a driving shaft (65), and the driving shaft (65) extends into the driving hole (331) to drive the second movable seat (33) to move; A first driven gear (66) is coaxially connected to one of the first rotating shafts (131), and a tensioning belt (67) is provided between the first driven gear (66) and the first driving gear (63); At the same time, the end of the drive shaft (65) is connected to the spoiler assembly (4).

6. The in-situ testing device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump according to claim 5, characterized in that: The spoiler assembly (4) comprises a connecting plate (41) and a piston cylinder (42) fixedly arranged on the connecting plate (41); two toothed rings (43) are fixedly arranged on the connecting plate (41); gears (44) are meshed in the two toothed rings (43); a support rod (45) is arranged between the two gears (44); and a push rod (46) is connected to the support rod (45); The drive shaft (65) is coaxially connected to one of the gears (44); A piston column (47) is sealingly and slidably connected in the piston cylinder (42), and the bottom of the piston column (47) is hinged to the push rod (46); An air inlet (48) is provided in the piston cylinder (42), and a first one-way valve diaphragm (481) is installed at the air inlet (48). The top of the piston cylinder (42) is connected to an air outlet pipe (49), and a second one-way valve diaphragm (491) is provided in the air outlet pipe (49).

7. The in-situ testing device for rock and soil damage in a waste dump according to claim 6, characterized in that: The geotechnical box (2) comprises a box body (21) and two water tanks (22), wherein the two water tanks (22) are arranged on both sides of the box body (21); A partition (23) is provided in each of the two water tanks (22), and the partition (23) divides the water tank (22) into a first chamber (221) and a second chamber (222). The partition (23) is provided with a water leakage channel (231), and the water leakage channel (231) is connected to the first chamber (221) and the second chamber (222). A spring (232) is provided in the water leakage channel (231), and a rubber ball (233) is provided on the top of the spring (232). In a static state, the spring (232) drives the rubber ball (233) to block the water leakage channel (231). The second chamber (222) is in communication with the inner cavity of the box body (21).

8. The in-situ testing device for rock and soil damage in a waste dump according to claim 7, characterized in that: The box body (21) and the two water tanks (22) are both transparent structures; The side wall of the box body (21) is provided with a plurality of air flow holes (211), each of the air flow holes (211) is connected to an air flow tube (212), and the air flow tube (212) is connected to the air outlet pipe (49).

9. The in-situ testing device for rock and soil damage in a waste dump according to any one of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that: It also includes a spray rack (7), on which a spray plate (71) is provided. The spray plate (71) extends into the top of the box (21) and is used to spray the rock and soil body (8).

10. An in-situ test method for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump, characterized by: The in-situ test device for the destruction of rock and soil in a waste dump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 comprises the following steps: S1: Installing the geotechnical box (2) loaded with the geotechnical body (8) onto the sliding plate (12) of the test bench (1); S2: Start the driving assembly (6), drive the test vibration seat (3) to drive the test bench (1) to generate horizontal and vertical composite vibrations, and at the same time, the transmission assembly (13) drives the sliding plate (12) to slide along the length direction of the test bench (1) and move up and down periodically to simulate the multi-directional vibration effect of an earthquake; S3: The driving component (6) synchronously drives the flow disturbance component (4) to operate, and injects the periodic airflow into the geotechnical box (2) through the airflow pipe (212) by piston compression, simulating the airflow disturbance caused by the earthquake; S4: The vibration of the test bench (1) triggers the opening of the water leakage channels (231) of the water tanks (22) on both sides of the rock and soil box (2), allowing water to seep into the rock and soil body (8), simulating the seismic seepage effect; S5: The monitoring system (5) is used to collect data of the rock and soil body (8) in real time, and the failure mechanism of the rock and soil body (8) under the coupling of multiple physical fields is recorded and analyzed.

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