Refraction multiple suppression method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a refraction multiple suppression method and device, electronic equipment and a storage medium. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring seismic data containing near-surface vibration information of a target area; preprocessing the seismic data; carrying out first-motion wave pickup to obtain first-motion wave information; based on the first arrival wave information, performing inversion on the near-surface velocity by using an inversion algorithm to obtain a near-surface velocity model; obtaining a complete refraction multiple forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model; a refraction multiple synthesized through forward modeling is obtained through wave equation forward modeling; self-adaptive adjustment is carried out on the refracted multiples synthesized through forward modeling, so that the refracted multiples approach real refracted multiples; and adaptively subtracting the adjusted forward synthetic refraction multiples from the original seismic record. According to the method, real signals caused by reflected waves can be better highlighted, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution ratio of seismic data are improved, meanwhile, a seismic section can be more continuous, and the interpretability of the seismic data is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of geophysical exploration technology, and more specifically, relates to a refracted multiple wave suppression method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] The formation of refraction multiple wave suppression is mainly based on the propagation characteristics of seismic waves. When seismic waves propagate in the stratum, if they encounter a relatively uniform stratum interface with small velocity changes, part of the energy will be reflected back, and the other part of the energy will slide along the underlying stratum, continue to propagate and reflect upward. In this way, above the reflection point, a dual seismic signal of reflection and refraction will appear. This seismic signal caused by the refraction wave and formed after multiple reflections is called a refraction multiple wave. The spatial distribution characteristics of the refraction multiple wave mainly depend on the lithology and structural characteristics of the stratum. Generally speaking, it is more significant at the top of the stratum, and the influence of the refraction multiple wave will gradually weaken with the increase of depth. In addition, since the refraction wave is more likely to be refracted at the stratum interface with large velocity changes, the influence of the refraction multiple wave will be more obvious in the area with large velocity changes. In short, the refraction multiple wave is a strong energy interference wave that affects the processing of seismic data and needs to be suppressed.

[0003] Refraction multiple suppression is an important research direction in the field of seismic exploration. The goal of this technology is to eliminate or reduce the multiple wave interference caused by reflection and refraction between underground medium layers in seismic records, thereby improving the quality of seismic imaging and interpretation.

[0004] Currently, many methods have been proposed for refraction multiple wave suppression. The following are some of the more common methods:

[0005] Pre-stack data processing: Pre-processing of seismic data, such as common-ray stacking, frequency-doubling static correction, etc., is used to make multiple wave signals cancel each other out or reduce each other, thereby achieving the effect of multiple wave suppression.

[0006] Time domain filtering: By designing appropriate time domain filters, multiple wave signals can be selectively suppressed, thereby reducing their impact on seismic data.

[0007] Migration imaging technology: By improving the migration algorithm, such as reverse time migration, wave equation migration, etc., multiple waves can be imaged more accurately and ultimately achieve better suppression effects in the seismic profile.

[0008] Although the above methods have made some progress, refraction multiple wave suppression is still a challenging problem. In practical applications, due to the complexity of underground media and actual data acquisition conditions, refraction multiple wave suppression often needs to be comprehensively selected and optimized according to specific circumstances. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method, device, electronic device and storage medium for suppressing refracted multiple waves, so as to better highlight the real signal caused by the reflected wave, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of seismic data, and at the same time making the seismic profile more continuous and improving the interpretability of seismic data.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for suppressing refracted multiple waves, comprising:

[0011] acquiring seismic data containing near-surface vibration information of a target area;

[0012] Preprocessing the seismic data;

[0013] Pick up the first arrival wave based on the pre-processed seismic data to obtain the first arrival wave information;

[0014] Based on the first arrival wave information, the near-surface velocity is inverted using an inversion algorithm to obtain a near-surface velocity model;

[0015] Acquire a complete refracted multiple wave forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model;

[0016] Based on the refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model, forward-modeled synthesized refraction multiple waves are obtained through wave equation forward modeling;

[0017] Adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling to make them close to the real refraction multiple waves;

[0018] The adjusted forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves are adaptively subtracted from the original seismic records to achieve suppression of the refraction multiple waves.

[0019] Optionally, preprocessing the seismic data includes:

[0020] The seismic data is subjected to noise removal, filtering and deconvolution operations.

[0021] Optionally, the inversion algorithm comprises:

[0022] According to information such as the propagation velocity and amplitude of the seismic signal, an iterative optimization algorithm is used to gradually approximate the actual velocity distribution near the surface to obtain the near-surface velocity model.

[0023] Optionally, acquiring a complete refracted multiple wave forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model includes:

[0024] Based on the near-surface velocity model, the surface is set as a rigid reflection interface, and the near-surface model is extrapolated at a maximum velocity along the depth direction to obtain a complete refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model.

[0025] Optionally, the adaptively adjusting the forward-synthesized refracted multiple waves comprises:

[0026] Adaptive filtering algorithm is used to adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling.

[0027] Optionally, the adaptive filtering algorithm includes an LMS algorithm and an RLS algorithm.

[0028] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0029] at least one processor; and,

[0030] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0031] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform any refracted multiple wave suppression method described in the first aspect.

[0032] In a third aspect, the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a computer to execute any of the refracted multiple wave suppression methods described in the first aspect.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a refracted multiple wave suppression device, comprising:

[0034] A data acquisition module, used to acquire seismic data containing near-surface vibration information of a target area;

[0035] A preprocessing module, used for preprocessing the seismic data;

[0036] A first arrival wave acquisition module is used to pick up the first arrival wave based on the pre-processed seismic data to obtain the first arrival wave information;

[0037] An inversion module, used to invert the near-surface velocity based on the first arrival wave information using an inversion algorithm to obtain a near-surface velocity model;

[0038] A depth model acquisition module, used for acquiring a complete refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model;

[0039] A forward modeling module, used for obtaining forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves through wave equation forward modeling based on the refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model;

[0040] An adjustment module is used to adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling to make them close to the real refraction multiple waves;

[0041] The suppression module is used to adaptively subtract the adjusted forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves from the original seismic records to achieve the suppression of the refraction multiple waves.

[0042] Optionally, preprocessing the seismic data includes:

[0043] The seismic data is subjected to noise removal, filtering and deconvolution operations.

[0044] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0045] The method of the present invention starts from the mechanism of the generation of refracted multiple waves, and effectively suppresses the interference of refracted multiple waves on the original seismic data from the source. At the same time, compared with other methods, it can better protect the effective signal, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic data. At the same time, it can make the seismic profile more continuous, eliminate structural illusions, provide high-quality seismic data for subsequent processing, and improve the interpretability of seismic data.

[0046] The system of the present invention has other characteristics and advantages, which will be apparent from the drawings incorporated herein and the following detailed description, or will be described in detail in the drawings incorporated herein and the following detailed description, which together serve to explain the specific principles of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like components.

[0048] Figure 1 A step diagram of a refracted multiple wave suppression method according to the present invention is shown.

[0049] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a forward modeling depth model of refracted multiple waves in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0050] Figure 3 An embodiment of the present invention is shown based on Figure 2 Synthetic forward record of refracted multiple waves obtained by wave equation forward modeling using a depth-domain velocity model.

[0051] Figure 4a The raw seismic data in one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0052] Figure 4b The seismic record after being suppressed by the refraction multiple wave suppression method of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] Due to the heterogeneity of the underground medium, the near-surface velocity is much lower than that of high-speed strata such as the diving surface. The seismic energy will propagate along different paths underground. According to Fermat's principle, seismic waves always propagate along the path of minimum time in the medium, which will cause the appearance of refracted waves with extremely short propagation time in the initial arrival area of ​​the earthquake record. When the surface reflection coefficient is large, the refracted waves will oscillate between different layers to form multiple refracted waves.

[0054] The present invention predicts the arrival time and amplitude of the refracted multiple waves in theory through forward calculation according to the known near-surface velocity model, and then adopts an adaptive subtraction method to suppress these refracted multiple waves, so as to achieve better protection of effective signals while eliminating the interference signals caused by the refracted waves, so as to better highlight the real signals caused by the reflected waves, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the seismic data, and at the same time making the seismic profile more continuous and improving the interpretability of the seismic data.

[0055] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0056] Example 1

[0057] like Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for suppressing refracted multiple waves, including:

[0058] S1: Acquire seismic data containing near-surface vibration information of the target area;

[0059] S2: Preprocessing of seismic data;

[0060] In this step, the preprocessing of seismic data includes:

[0061] The seismic data is subjected to noise removal, filtering and deconvolution operations.

[0062] S3: picking up the first arrival wave based on the preprocessed seismic data to obtain the first arrival wave information;

[0063] S4: Based on the first arrival wave information, the near-surface velocity is inverted using the inversion algorithm to obtain the near-surface velocity model;

[0064] In this step, the inversion algorithm includes: according to the information such as the propagation velocity and amplitude of the seismic signal, through an iterative optimization algorithm, gradually approaching the actual velocity distribution near the surface, and obtaining a near-surface velocity model.

[0065] S5: Obtain a complete refraction multiple wave forward depth model based on the near-surface velocity model;

[0066] In this step, based on the near-surface velocity model, the surface is set as a rigid reflection interface, and the near-surface model is extrapolated at the maximum velocity along the depth direction to obtain a complete refraction multiple wave forward depth model.

[0067] S6: Based on the forward depth model of refraction multiple waves, forward synthetic refraction multiple waves are obtained through wave equation forward simulation;

[0068] This step is based on the obtained refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model, uses the real observation system file to design the observation system, and then performs wave equation forward simulation to obtain the forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves.

[0069] S7: Adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling to make them close to the real refraction multiple waves;

[0070] In this step, an adaptive filtering algorithm is used to adaptively adjust the refracted multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling. Preferably, the adaptive filtering algorithm includes an LMS algorithm and an RLS algorithm.

[0071] S8: Adaptively subtract the adjusted forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves from the original seismic records to suppress the refraction multiple waves.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] This embodiment provides a method for suppressing refraction multiple waves based on near-surface modeling, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] 1) First, seismic data acquisition is required, including the use of seismographs or other seismic detection equipment to collect seismic signals in the target area. These data contain vibration information near the surface of the target area;

[0075] 2) After data collection, the data needs to be preprocessed, including noise removal, filtering, deconvolution and other operations to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and resolution of the data and prepare for subsequent first arrival picking;

[0076] 3) Picking first arrival waves on the seismic data after data preprocessing;

[0077] 4) Based on the first arrival wave information picked up, the near-surface velocity can be inverted using an inversion algorithm. The inversion algorithm can gradually approach the actual velocity distribution of the near-surface through an iterative optimization algorithm based on information such as the propagation velocity and amplitude of the seismic signal, and obtain a near-surface velocity model;

[0078] 5) Based on the near-surface velocity model, the surface is set as a rigid reflection interface, and the near-surface model is extrapolated along the depth direction at the maximum velocity to obtain a complete refraction multiple wave forward depth model;

[0079] 6) Based on the above-mentioned refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model, the observation system is designed using the real observation system file, and then the wave equation forward modeling is performed to obtain the forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves;

[0080] 7) Use appropriate algorithms (such as LMS, RLS, etc.) to continuously adjust the forward-synthesized refraction multiple wave signals to make them close to the real refraction multiple waves.

[0081] 8) Adaptively subtract the multiple wave signals synthesized by the adjusted wave equation forward modeling from the original seismic records to suppress the refracted multiple waves.

[0082] The key to this method is to accurately construct a multiple wave reference template and continuously optimize the synthesized multiple wave signal through an adaptive algorithm. The suppressed seismic record will be cleaner, reducing the interference of refracted multiple waves and improving the interpretation ability of underground media.

[0083] Example 3

[0084] First, we collect, preprocess and pick the seismic data. Figure 4a The original seismic record before the suppression of the refracted multiple waves is shown in the figure. Then, based on the first arrival information and seismic records, the DWT inversion algorithm is used to invert the near-surface velocity and establish a near-surface velocity model. The near-surface velocity model is then extrapolated along the depth to finally obtain the following: Figure 2 The forward depth model of the refracted multiple waves is shown, where the abscissa is length and the ordinate is depth.

[0085] Based on Figure 2 The depth domain velocity model shown in FIG. 1 (which includes a complex near-surface velocity model and an extrapolation along the depth, where the horizontal axis is length and the vertical axis is depth) is subjected to wave equation forward modeling to obtain the following: Figure 3 The forward synthetic record of refraction multiple waves shown is highly similar to the refraction multiple waves contained in the original seismic data in terms of distribution shape and travel time.

[0086] Will Figure 3The refraction multiple wave forward model shown in FIG. 1 is adaptively matched with the original seismic signal, and the two are continuously iterated to make them consistent in amplitude and phase. Finally, the two are adaptively subtracted to obtain the seismic record after the refraction multiple waves are suppressed by the method of the present invention, that is, Figure 4b From the effect after suppression, it is not difficult to see that the wave group characteristics of the effective waves covered by the refracted multiple waves have been restored.

[0087] Example 4

[0088] This embodiment provides a refracted multiple wave suppression device, comprising:

[0089] A data acquisition module, used to acquire seismic data containing near-surface vibration information of a target area;

[0090] A preprocessing module, used for preprocessing the seismic data;

[0091] A first arrival wave acquisition module is used to pick up the first arrival wave based on the pre-processed seismic data to obtain the first arrival wave information;

[0092] An inversion module, used to invert the near-surface velocity based on the first arrival wave information using an inversion algorithm to obtain a near-surface velocity model;

[0093] A depth model acquisition module, used for acquiring a complete refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model;

[0094] A forward modeling module, used for obtaining forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves through wave equation forward modeling based on the refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model;

[0095] An adjustment module is used to adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling to make them close to the real refraction multiple waves;

[0096] The suppression module is used to adaptively subtract the adjusted forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves from the original seismic records to achieve the suppression of the refraction multiple waves.

[0097] In this embodiment, preprocessing the seismic data includes:

[0098] The seismic data is subjected to noise removal, filtering and deconvolution operations.

[0099] In this embodiment, the inversion algorithm includes:

[0100] According to information such as the propagation velocity and amplitude of the seismic signal, an iterative optimization algorithm is used to gradually approximate the actual velocity distribution near the surface to obtain the near-surface velocity model.

[0101] In this embodiment, obtaining a complete refracted multiple wave forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model includes:

[0102] Based on the near-surface velocity model, the surface is set as a rigid reflection interface, and the near-surface model is extrapolated at a maximum velocity along the depth direction to obtain a complete refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model.

[0103] In this embodiment, the adaptive adjustment of the refracted multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling includes:

[0104] Adaptive filtering algorithm is used to adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling.

[0105] In this embodiment, the adaptive filtering algorithm includes an LMS algorithm and an RLS algorithm.

[0106] Example 5

[0107] This embodiment provides an electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

[0108] at least one processor; and,

[0109] a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0110] The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform the refracted multiple wave suppression method described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0111] The electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a memory and a processor, and the memory is used to store non-temporary computer-readable instructions. Specifically, the memory may include one or more computer program products, and the computer program product may include various forms of computer-readable storage media, such as volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory. The volatile memory may, for example, include a random access memory (RAM) and / or a cache memory (cache), etc. The non-volatile memory may, for example, include a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, a flash memory, etc.

[0112] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU) or other forms of processing units having data processing capabilities and / or instruction execution capabilities, and may control other components in the electronic device to perform desired functions. In one embodiment of the present disclosure, the processor is used to run the computer-readable instructions stored in the memory.

[0113] Those skilled in the art should be able to understand that in order to solve the technical problem of how to obtain a good user experience, the present embodiment may also include well-known structures such as a communication bus and an interface, and these well-known structures should also be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.

[0114] For detailed description of this embodiment, reference may be made to the corresponding descriptions in the aforementioned embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0115] Example 6

[0116] This embodiment provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, which stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the refracted multiple wave suppression method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0117] According to the computer-readable storage medium of the embodiment of the present disclosure, non-transitory computer-readable instructions are stored thereon. When the non-transitory computer-readable instructions are executed by a processor, all or part of the steps of the above-mentioned methods of each embodiment of the present disclosure are executed.

[0118] The above-mentioned computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to: optical storage media (e.g., CD-ROM and DVD), magneto-optical storage media (e.g., MO), magnetic storage media (e.g., magnetic tape or mobile hard disk), media with built-in rewritable non-volatile memory (e.g., memory card) and media with built-in ROM (e.g., ROM box).

[0119] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, and the above description is exemplary, not exhaustive, and is not limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and changes will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A method for suppressing refracted multiple waves, It is characterized in that include: acquiring seismic data containing near-surface vibration information of a target area; Preprocessing the seismic data; Pick up the first arrival wave based on the pre-processed seismic data to obtain the first arrival wave information; Based on the first arrival wave information, the near-surface velocity is inverted using an inversion algorithm to obtain a near-surface velocity model; Acquire a complete refracted multiple wave forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model; Based on the refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model, forward-modeled synthesized refraction multiple waves are obtained through wave equation forward modeling; Adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling to make them close to the real refraction multiple waves; The adjusted forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves are adaptively subtracted from the original seismic records to achieve suppression of the refraction multiple waves.

2. The refracted multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Preprocessing the seismic data includes: The seismic data is subjected to noise removal, filtering and deconvolution operations.

3. The refracted multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The inversion algorithm includes: According to information such as the propagation velocity and amplitude of the seismic signal, an iterative optimization algorithm is used to gradually approximate the actual velocity distribution near the surface to obtain the near-surface velocity model.

4. The refracted multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that Acquiring a complete refracted multiple wave forward depth model based on the near-surface velocity model includes: Based on the near-surface velocity model, the surface is set as a rigid reflection interface, and the near-surface model is extrapolated at a maximum velocity along the depth direction to obtain a complete refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model.

5. The refracted multiple wave suppression method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The adaptive adjustment of the forward-synthesized refracted multiple waves comprises: Adaptive filtering algorithm is used to adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling.

6. The refracted multiple wave suppression method according to claim 5, It is characterized in that The adaptive filtering algorithms include LMS algorithm and RLS algorithm.

7. An electronic device, It is characterized in that The electronic device comprises: at least one processor; and, a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can perform the refracted multiple wave suppression method according to any one of claims 1-6.

8. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, It is characterized in that The non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions are used to enable a computer to execute the refracted multiple wave suppression method described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A refracted multiple wave suppression device, It is characterized in that include: A data acquisition module, used to acquire seismic data containing near-surface vibration information of a target area; A preprocessing module, used for preprocessing the seismic data; A first arrival wave acquisition module is used to pick up the first arrival wave based on the pre-processed seismic data to obtain the first arrival wave information; An inversion module, used to invert the near-surface velocity based on the first arrival wave information using an inversion algorithm to obtain a near-surface velocity model; A depth model acquisition module, used for acquiring a complete refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model based on the near-surface velocity model; A forward modeling module, used for obtaining forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves through wave equation forward modeling based on the refraction multiple wave forward modeling depth model; An adjustment module is used to adaptively adjust the refraction multiple waves synthesized by forward modeling to make them close to the real refraction multiple waves; The suppression module is used to adaptively subtract the adjusted forward-synthesized refraction multiple waves from the original seismic records to achieve the suppression of the refraction multiple waves.

10. The refracted multiple wave suppression device according to claim 9, It is characterized in that Preprocessing the seismic data includes: The seismic data is subjected to noise removal, filtering and deconvolution operations.

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