Integrated control method and system for the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on hybrid game architecture

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy system optimization and fusion control. In order to solve the problem of poor comprehensive economic scheduling of hydrogen energy resources, a method and system for fusion control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture is provided. Among them, the method for fusion control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on the hybrid game architecture includes constructing a hydrogen production side model, a hydrogen refueling station model and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, constructing a hydrogen production side cooperative game architecture based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users; allocating the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production side model and calculating the hydrogen side cost and profit; combining the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users to generate time-sharing hydrogen price information at hydrogen refueling stations and adjust the arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, thereby improving the economic resource scheduling of the three different links of "production, refueling and use" in the entire hydrogen energy industry chain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen energy system optimization control, and in particular to a method and system for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As a new type of clean energy, hydrogen energy has the characteristics of high energy density and zero carbon emissions. The application of hydrogen energy runs through the entire industrial chain of hydrogen production, storage, transportation, use and refueling, covering multiple key technical links from renewable energy hydrogen production, water electrolysis, energy storage to fuel cell vehicles. On the hydrogen production side, gray hydrogen is produced from primary energy such as coal. The technology is mature and the cost is low, but there are large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions in the hydrogen production process; blue hydrogen has low carbon emissions and low costs in the hydrogen production process, but the hydrogen production process is affected by other industrial products and the supply is limited; green hydrogen is produced by electrolyzers through renewable energy power generation and has no carbon emissions, but the cost is too high due to the cost and volatility of renewable energy power generation.

[0004] At this stage, the development of the entire hydrogen energy market cannot meet the green, low-carbon and economic development expectations of the hydrogen energy industry. The various hydrogen production entities are independent of each other and have no connectivity, which makes the development of the hydrogen energy industry slow and is not conducive to the comprehensive economic scheduling of hydrogen energy resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a method and system for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture, which can increase the proportion of green hydrogen in the hydrogen production side, reduce the hydrogen production cost on the hydrogen production side, and improve the economic resource scheduling of the three different links of "production-addition-use" in the entire hydrogen energy industry chain.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture.

[0008] In one or more embodiments, a method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture is provided, including:

[0009] Construct hydrogen production models, hydrogen refueling station models, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models, and then build a cooperative game framework for hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users;

[0010] Based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, a cooperative game framework based on carbon quota trading is combined with the hydrogen production side to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production side model and calculate the hydrogen side costs and profits. Based on the hydrogen side costs and profits, combined with a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, time-sharing hydrogen price information for hydrogen refueling stations and adjusted arrival times of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are generated.

[0011] The participants in the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their benefits are the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0012] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper-level hydrogen refueling stations and the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its benefits include the benefits of the hydrogen refueling stations and the benefits of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0013] As an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen production side model is:

[0014]

[0015] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty incurred for not meeting hydrogen demand; Indicates the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; Indicates the hourly hydrogen production of gray hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0016] As an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is:

[0017]

[0018] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; Indicates the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; Indicates the hourly hydrogen production of gray hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

[0019] As an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model is:

[0020]

[0021] Among them, H HFCV,i represents the hydrogen refueling demand of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV,i is the hydrogen refueling cost function of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV The cost of hydrogenation.

[0022] As an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, the hydrogen refueling cost function C of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is HFCV,i It is defined as a quadratic function related to hydrogen station pricing and is expressed as:

[0023]

[0024] Among them, a HFCV ,b HFCV ,c HFCV is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, is the hydrogen price at the actual arrival time of fuel cell vehicle i at time t.

[0025] The second aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen energy industry chain integrated control system based on a hybrid game architecture.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, a hydrogen energy industry chain integrated control system based on a hybrid game architecture includes:

[0027] A model building module, which is used to construct hydrogen production models, hydrogen refueling station models, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models, thereby constructing a cooperative game architecture for hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users;

[0028] The collaborative optimization module is used to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production model and calculate the hydrogen cost and profit based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with a cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading. Based on the hydrogen cost and profit, combined with a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, it generates time-sharing hydrogen price information at hydrogen refueling stations and adjusts the arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0029] The participants in the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their benefits are the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0030] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper-level hydrogen refueling stations and the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its benefits include the benefits of the hydrogen refueling stations and the benefits of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0031] As an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen production side model is:

[0032]

[0033] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty incurred for not meeting hydrogen demand; Indicates the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; Indicates the hourly hydrogen production of gray hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0034] As an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, the expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is:

[0035]

[0036] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; Indicates the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; Indicates the hourly hydrogen production of gray hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

[0037] A third aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium.

[0038] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the above-mentioned method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture.

[0039] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device.

[0040] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps of the above-described method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture are implemented.

[0041] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0042] (1) On the hydrogen production side of the present invention, coal-based hydrogen, industrial by-product hydrogen, and photovoltaic electrolysis water hydrogen production respectively set hourly hydrogen production plans according to the hourly hydrogen energy demand reported by the hydrogen refueling station and their respective hydrogen production limits. At the same time, carbon quota trading is carried out between different types of entities, thereby avoiding carbon penalties while meeting the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station and reducing the cost of the upstream hydrogen production side.

[0043] (2) The present invention regards the pricing process of hydrogen refueling stations as the upper-level leader and the users of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles who adjust their arrival time according to pricing as the lower-level followers. The Stackelberg equilibrium is finally achieved through the master-slave game process, and a branch-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with an elite retention strategy is used to solve the collaborative optimization scheduling problem between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0044] (3) The hydrogen fuel cell vehicle of the present invention reports hydrogen energy demand to the hydrogen refueling station, which then aggregates and reports hourly hydrogen energy to the hydrogen production side. The hydrogen production side then forms a hydrogen production alliance and rationally arranges the production of three hydrogen production methods and calculates the hydrogen production cost. The hydrogen production side reports price information to the hydrogen refueling station based on cost and profit. The hydrogen refueling station reports the time-sharing hydrogen energy price to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which then receives the time-sharing hydrogen price information and adjusts its arrival time. Through repeated collaborative optimization, the entire system achieves economical and efficient operation, increases the proportion of green hydrogen, and reduces overall carbon emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] The accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0046] Figure 1 This is the three-layer architecture of "production-use-addition" based on the entire hydrogen energy industry chain in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 2It is a three-layer game framework of an embodiment of the present invention to analyze the hydrogenation process of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles;

[0048] Figure 3 This is the solution process of the collaborative optimization method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 It is the output of three hydrogen production methods on the hydrogen production side under different alliance forms;

[0050] Figure 5 It is the proportion of different hydrogen production methods in the hydrogen production side under different alliance forms;

[0051] Figure 6 is the hydrogen production cost under different alliance forms in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This is the iterative optimization process of the hydrogen refueling station and the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0053] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0054] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs.

[0055] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present invention. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components and / or combinations thereof.

[0056] Figure 1 The three-layer structure of the hydrogen energy industry chain of the present invention is given as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen production side consists of three methods: coal-based hydrogen, industrial byproduct hydrogen, and photovoltaic + water electrolysis hydrogen production, corresponding to gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen, and green hydrogen, respectively. These three methods exchange carbon quota information and establish a hydrogen production alliance based on a cooperative game structure. They calculate the hourly hydrogen production cost and add a markup to it to generate profit as the final ex-factory price. Hydrogen refueling stations receive price information from upstream hydrogen production sources and sell hydrogen to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles at a markup based on the ex-factory price. After receiving the time-sharing hydrogen price, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles adjust their arrival times based on their pre-determined refueling times and their willingness to refuel on time.

[0057] Combine Figure 1The integrated control method for the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on the hybrid game architecture in this embodiment may include:

[0058] Step 1: Construct a hydrogen production model, a hydrogen refueling station model, and a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model, and then construct a hydrogen production cooperative game architecture based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users.

[0059] After receiving the hydrogen energy demand from the hydrogen refueling station, the hydrogen production side allows green hydrogen to be produced first. Green hydrogen is affected by the hourly output power of renewable energy power generation equipment, so the production of green hydrogen needs to meet the upper limit constraints of photovoltaics and electrolyzers, as shown in formula (1).

[0060]

[0061] in, Indicates the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; represents the upper limit of green hydrogen production at time t. When the green hydrogen production cannot meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station, it is supplemented by industrial by-product hydrogen. Blue hydrogen, as a by-product of other industrial production, is subject to the constraints shown in formula (2).

[0062]

[0063] in, Indicates the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; represents the upper limit constraint of blue hydrogen production at time t. The final difference in hydrogen energy demand is supplemented by gray hydrogen. Therefore, under the above hydrogen production concept, the three hydrogen production methods need to meet the hourly hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station, that is, the equality constraint shown in formula (3).

[0064]

[0065] in, represents the hourly hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station at time t; Indicates the hourly hydrogen production of gray hydrogen at time t.

[0066] The hydrogen production side arranges three hydrogen production methods based on the hydrogen energy demand reported by the hydrogen refueling station. The optimization goal is to minimize the hydrogen production cost, which can be expressed as:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un C represents the load imbalance penalty for not meeting hydrogen energy demand.HF represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0069]

[0070] Among them, Q quota and They represent the carbon quota allocated to the hydrogen production side and the actual carbon dioxide emissions on the hydrogen production side respectively; and λ Un They represent the unit penalty for exceeding the carbon quota and the unit penalty for load imbalance, respectively. Therefore, the hourly unit hydrogen production cost on the hydrogen production side is shown in Equation (7), which includes the cost of converting the carbon penalty and load imbalance penalty into unit hydrogen energy in addition to the hydrogen production costs of the three hydrogen production methods.

[0071]

[0072] In order to evaluate the level of green hydrogen participation in hydrogen production, the proportion of green hydrogen in hydrogen production was further calculated using Equation (8) based on the objective function calculation results of Equation (7).

[0073]

[0074] Among them, the participants of the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their income is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0075] The proportion of green hydrogen in the hydrogen production side is used to measure the proportion of green hydrogen in the entire hydrogen energy production on the hydrogen production side, so as to guide green hydrogen to participate in hydrogen energy production on the hydrogen production side.

[0076] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper-level hydrogen refueling stations and the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its benefits include the benefits of the hydrogen refueling stations and the benefits of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0077] Based on the hydrogen energy ex-factory price on the hydrogen production side, the hydrogen refueling station sets a dynamic electricity price to sell hydrogen to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to earn profits. The optimization goal is to maximize profits, which can be expressed as:

[0078]

[0079] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t, including the hourly unit hydrogen production cost and unit profit on the hydrogen production side, which can be expressed as:

[0080]

[0081] in, Indicates the hourly hydrogen production cost on the hydrogen production side; Represents the unit profit on the hydrogen production side.

[0082] To avoid excessive price increases by hydrogen refueling stations to earn profits, the pricing of hydrogen refueling stations needs to meet the following constraints:

[0083]

[0084] in, Indicates the upper limit of profit for hydrogen refueling stations.

[0085] In order to guide hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to refuel at hydrogen stations and ensure that hydrogen stations do not lose users while making profits, hydrogen stations hope to maximize the satisfaction of hydrogen fuel cell users, which can be expressed as:

[0086]

[0087] Among them, S HFCV,i is the satisfaction of fuel cell vehicle user i, and the calculation formula of satisfaction is shown as follows.

[0088] Formula (12) is used to measure the user's satisfaction with the arrival time adjusted by the user at the given time-of-use electricity price at the hydrogen refueling station.

[0089] Based on the hydrogen price set by the hydrogen refueling station, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle adjusts its arrival time according to its own will, and the optimization goal is to minimize the hydrogen refueling cost, which is expressed as:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, H HFCV,i represents the hydrogen refueling demand of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV,i is the hydrogen refueling cost function of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, which is defined as a quadratic function related to the hydrogen station pricing, expressed as:

[0092]

[0093] Among them, a HFCV ,b HFCV ,c HFCV is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, is the hydrogen price at the actual arrival time of fuel cell vehicle i at time t.

[0094] In the present invention, fuel cell vehicles report their hydrogen demand and arrival time, as well as their willingness to refuel on time. There are three levels, L = {L1, L2, L3}, where L1 indicates a strong willingness to refuel on time, L2 indicates a moderate willingness to refuel on time, and L3 indicates a weak willingness to refuel on time. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles can adjust their arrival time based on the quotes from hydrogen refueling stations, with an adjustment range of t' = {t-2, t-1, t, t+1, t+2}. When a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle adjusts its arrival time, user satisfaction is generated based on the willingness to refuel on time, which can be expressed as:

[0095]

[0096] The user satisfaction value of fuel cell vehicle users here is variable, which is related to the strong desire of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users to refuel on time and the arrival time. Those skilled in the art can set it specifically according to actual conditions, and will not be described in detail here.

[0097] Figure 2 A three-level game framework was designed to analyze the hydrogen refueling process for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The alliance of hydrogen production plants was modeled as a cooperative game to maximize the overall alliance's interests. The vertical transaction between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles was formulated as a Stackelberg game, with hydrogen refueling stations acting as the upper-level bid leaders and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users acting as followers.

[0098] The cooperative game framework of hydrogen production considering carbon quota trading:

[0099] On the hydrogen production side, gray hydrogen is produced from primary energy sources such as coal. The technology is mature and the cost is low, but there are large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions in the hydrogen production process. The blue hydrogen production process has low carbon emissions and low costs, but the hydrogen production process is affected by other industrial products and the supply is limited. Green hydrogen is produced through electrolyzers using renewable energy and has no carbon emissions, but it is affected by the cost and volatility of renewable energy generation and the cost is too high. The above three hydrogen production methods all have obvious advantages and disadvantages, and the hydrogen demand of hydrogen refueling stations cannot be met by a single method. Compared with a single hydrogen production method independently meeting the hydrogen energy demand of a hydrogen refueling station, the coordinated planning and operation of multiple hydrogen production methods can improve the overall environmental protection of the hydrogen production side and avoid insufficient hydrogen demand at a reasonable cost.

[0100] For example, in the carbon market, where the producer responsibility system is adopted, hydrogen production plants obtain initial carbon allowances through free allowances allocated by the government, and the benchmark method is used to calculate the carbon allowances of hydrogen production plants:

[0101] Using carbon quota trading as a medium, a hydrogen production alliance is established through carbon quota trading. This maximizes the overall hydrogen production revenue through cooperative game theory and distributes the benefits using Shapley values. The hydrogen production cooperative game problem is solved using Yalmip using the Ipopt solver. The above game model contains three elements: participants, strategies, and benefits, which can be expressed as follows:

[0102] (1) Participants: Gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen, and green hydrogen are the three participants in this game. The participant set is represented as: N = {GYH, BH, GNH};

[0103] (2) Strategy: The strategies of the three hydrogen production methods are the hourly hydrogen production volume of 24 hours and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities, which can be expressed in the form of a vector as follows: H = {H GYH ,H BH ,H GNH ,Q GYH,BH ,Q GYH,GNH ,Q BH,GNH};

[0104] (3) Benefit: The overall benefit of the cooperative game is the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station using the three hydrogen production methods, which is calculated using formula (4).

[0105] In the present invention, the three hydrogen production entities on the hydrogen production side are formed into an alliance, and carbon quota trading is carried out within the alliance to redistribute carbon quota resources and distribute benefits, forming a cooperative game, and realizing benefit distribution according to the Shapley value.

[0106] The basic conditions for the existence of cooperative games are:

[0107] (1) Group rationality condition: that is, for an alliance, the overall profit of the alliance after cooperation is greater than the sum of the profits of each member when operating alone.

[0108] (2) Individual rationality condition: that is, for the alliance, each member can obtain benefits that are no less than what they would obtain if they did not join the alliance.

[0109] The master-slave game framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles:

[0110] The arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is adjusted based on the quotes of hydrogen refueling stations. The adjusted refueling time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will in turn affect the production schedule on the hydrogen production side, thereby affecting the pricing of hydrogen refueling stations. This hydrogen energy trading process conforms to the dynamic game of the master-slave hierarchical architecture. Therefore, a master-slave Stackelberg game model is established, with hydrogen refueling stations as leaders and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as followers. The three elements of this model, participants, strategies, and benefits, are expressed as follows:

[0111] (1) Participants: The hydrogen production side, hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle are the three participants in this game. The participant set is represented as: N = {HF, HRS, HFCV};

[0112] (2) Strategy: The strategy of the upper hydrogen refueling station is 24h hourly pricing, which can be expressed in the form of a vector: The strategy of the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time of each vehicle, expressed as t' in the form of a vector;

[0113] (3) Revenue: The revenue of the upper-level hydrogen refueling station is calculated using equations (9) and (12), and the revenue of the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is calculated using equation (13).

[0114] When the follower makes the best response according to the strategy of the upper leader and the leader also accepts this response, the master-slave game reaches the Stackelberg equilibrium. If it is the equilibrium solution of the master-slave game, it should satisfy Equation (16):

[0115]

[0116] In a Stackelberg equilibrium, neither player can unilaterally change their strategy to gain greater benefits. Before solving a Stackelberg equilibrium, it is necessary to prove its existence and uniqueness. A unique Stackelberg equilibrium exists when the master-slave game satisfies the following conditions:

[0117] According to the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle refueling model, the strategy of the upper leader needs to satisfy Equation (11), the strategy set is non-empty and compactly convex, and the strategy of the lower follower is a pure strategy set of discrete variables, and there is a unique optimal solution;

[0118] When the leader's strategy is given, first find the objective function (13) of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. The first derivative of , we get:

[0119]

[0120] Setting the first derivative equal to zero yields:

[0121]

[0122] Then, taking the second-order derivative of formula (17) we can get:

[0123]

[0124] Since the cost coefficient is positive, the second-order derivative here is always greater than zero, so there is a minimum point in Equation (13). However, due to the constraints of the upper and lower limits of the strategy interval, when energy prices change, the extreme point may fall on the boundary of the interval. Therefore, the value of the optimal strategy on the energy supply side can be expressed as:

[0125]

[0126] Therefore, regardless of the value, when the selling price of the hydrogen refueling station is given, there is a unique optimal solution for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0127] When the follower's strategy is given, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle reports a new hydrogen refueling plan. The hydrogen production side reschedules production according to the new hydrogen refueling plan. After the hydrogen production side is solved by Ipopt, a unique optimal solution is found. The master-slave game model proposed in this invention has a unique Stackelberg equilibrium.

[0128] Step 2: Based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles summarized by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with the hydrogen production-side cooperative game framework based on carbon quota trading, the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production-side model is allocated and the hydrogen side cost and profit are calculated; based on the hydrogen side cost and profit, combined with the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, the time-sharing hydrogen price information of hydrogen refueling stations and the adjusted arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are generated.

[0129] Specifically, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles report their hydrogen demand to hydrogen refueling stations, which then aggregate and report hourly hydrogen demand to hydrogen production. The production team then forms a hydrogen production alliance, rationally arranges production across three production methods, and calculates production costs. The production team then reports pricing information to hydrogen refueling stations based on costs and profits. The refueling stations then report their time-sharing hydrogen prices to hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, which then adjust their arrival times based on these prices. This repeated collaborative optimization process achieves economically efficient operation of the entire system, increases the proportion of green hydrogen, and reduces overall carbon emissions.

[0130] Figure 3 The solution process of the collaborative optimization method is given. The three links of hydrogen production, hydrogen use and hydrogenation in the hydrogen energy industry chain are collaboratively optimized in the same solution process, and convergence is finally achieved after repeated iterations.

[0131] Figure 4 The output of three hydrogen production methods under different alliance forms is given. From the data in the figure, it can be seen that when the three hydrogen production entities of gray hydrogen, blue hydrogen and green hydrogen jointly establish a hydrogen production alliance, hydrogen production can achieve the highest proportion of green hydrogen in the hydrogen energy market while meeting the hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen refueling stations.

[0132] Figure 5The proportion of different hydrogen production methods in hydrogen production under different alliance forms is given. Experiment 7 can maximize the proportion of green hydrogen while ensuring that hydrogen energy demand is met.

[0133] Figure 6 The corresponding hydrogen production costs under different alliance forms are given. The unit hydrogen production costs of Exp1 and Exp3-Exp6 are all higher than Exp7 during the entire period of a typical day. The hydrogen production cost of Exp2 from 9:00 to 15:00 is lower than that of Exp6, but the overall hydrogen production cost of Exp2 on a typical day is still higher than that of Exp7.

[0134] Figure 7 The optimization iterative process of hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is given, and the results converge at the 150th iteration. Figure 7 As the number of iterations increases, the profits of hydrogen refueling stations continue to increase, while the refueling costs of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles continue to decrease, reflecting the game between the two. When the Stackelberg equilibrium is reached, the strategy remains unchanged, indicating that under this strategy, no participant can gain more benefits by independently changing their strategy.

[0135] The present invention conducts collaborative optimization of multiple links in the hydrogen energy industry chain, including hydrogen production, hydrogen use and hydrogen refueling, explores potential horizontal cooperative relationships on the hydrogen production side, and vertical master-slave relationships between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and guides green hydrogen to participate in the hydrogen energy market and reduce carbon emissions on the hydrogen production side while improving the overall economic efficiency of the hydrogen energy industry chain.

[0136] In one or more embodiments, a hydrogen energy industry chain integrated control system based on a hybrid game architecture is also provided, which may include:

[0137] A model building module, which is used to construct hydrogen production models, hydrogen refueling station models, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models, thereby constructing a cooperative game architecture for hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users;

[0138] The collaborative optimization module is used to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production model and calculate the hydrogen cost and profit based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with a cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading. Based on the hydrogen cost and profit, combined with a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, it generates time-sharing hydrogen price information at hydrogen refueling stations and adjusts the arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0139] The participants in the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their benefits are the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station.

[0140] The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper-level hydrogen refueling stations and the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; the strategy of the hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is the adjusted arrival time; its benefits include the benefits of the hydrogen refueling stations and the benefits of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

[0141] Specifically, the expression of the hydrogen production side model is:

[0142]

[0143] Among them, c GNH ,c GYH ,c BH Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; represents the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; C Un represents the load imbalance penalty incurred for not meeting hydrogen demand; Indicates the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; Indicates the hourly hydrogen production of gray hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HF represents the cost of hydrogen production.

[0144] The expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is:

[0145]

[0146] in, is the hourly hydrogen energy price at the hydrogen refueling station at time t; is the unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at time t; Indicates the hourly production of blue hydrogen at time t; Indicates the hourly hydrogen production of gray hydrogen at time t; represents the hourly production of green hydrogen at time t; C HRS For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

[0147] The expression of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model is:

[0148]

[0149] Among them, H HFCV,i represents the hydrogen refueling demand of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV,i is the hydrogen refueling cost function of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; C HFCV The cost of hydrogenation.

[0150] The hydrogen refueling cost function C of the i-th hydrogen fuel cell vehicle HFCV,iIt is defined as a quadratic function related to hydrogen station pricing and is expressed as:

[0151]

[0152] Among them, a HFCV ,b HFCV ,c HFCV is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, is the hydrogen price at the actual arrival time of fuel cell vehicle i at time t.

[0153] It should be noted here that each module in the hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control system of the hybrid game architecture corresponds one by one to each step in the above-mentioned hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control method based on the hybrid game architecture, and the specific implementation process is the same, which will not be repeated here.

[0154] In other embodiments, an electronic device is also provided, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the program, the steps in the method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on the hybrid game architecture as described above are implemented.

[0155] In particular, according to an embodiment of the present application, the process described above with reference to the flowchart can be implemented as a computer software program. For example, an embodiment of the present application includes a computer program product, which includes a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, and the computer program includes program code for executing the above method. In such an embodiment, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via a communication portion, and / or installed from a removable medium. When the computer program is executed by the central processing unit 401, the various functions defined in the apparatus of the present application are performed.

[0156] The computer program instructions corresponding to the above method may also be stored in a computer-readable memory capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing device to operate in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a manufactured product including an instruction device, which is implemented in the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0157] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that all or part of the processes in the above-described method embodiments can be implemented by instructing related hardware through a computer program. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the program can include the processes in the above-described method embodiments. The storage medium can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

[0158] The foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that various modifications and variations of the present invention are possible. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture, characterized in that: include: Construct hydrogen production models, hydrogen refueling station models, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models, and then build a cooperative game framework for hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users; Based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, a cooperative game framework based on carbon quota trading is combined with the hydrogen production side to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production side model and calculate the hydrogen side costs and profits. Based on the hydrogen side costs and profits, combined with a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, time-sharing hydrogen price information for hydrogen refueling stations and adjusted arrival times of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are generated. The participants in the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their benefits are the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station. The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper-level hydrogen refueling stations, and the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The strategy of hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is adjusted arrival time. Their benefits include hydrogen refueling station revenue and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle revenue. The expression of the hydrogen production side model is: in, , , Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; Indicates the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; represents the load imbalance penalty incurred for not meeting hydrogen demand; express t The hourly production of blue hydrogen; express t The amount of hydrogen produced by grey hydrogen at each hour; express t The hourly production of green hydrogen; represents the cost of hydrogen production; The expression of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model is: in, Indicates the i The hydrogen refueling requirements of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; For the i The refueling cost function of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; is the hydrogenation cost; No. i Hydrogen refueling cost function for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle It is defined as a quadratic function related to hydrogen station pricing and is expressed as: in, , , is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, for t Moment fuel cell vehicle i The hydrogen price based on the actual arrival time.

2. The method for integrated control of the entire hydrogen energy industry chain based on a hybrid game architecture according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is: in, for t The hourly unit price of hydrogen energy at the hydrogen refueling station; for t The unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at that moment; express t The hourly production of blue hydrogen; express t The amount of hydrogen produced by grey hydrogen at each hour; express t The hourly production of green hydrogen; For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

3. A hydrogen energy industry chain integrated control system based on a hybrid game architecture, characterized by: include: A model building module, which is used to construct hydrogen production models, hydrogen refueling station models, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle models, thereby constructing a cooperative game architecture for hydrogen production based on carbon quota trading and a master-slave game optimization framework for hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users; The collaborative optimization module is used to allocate the production of each hydrogen production entity in the hydrogen production model and calculate the hydrogen cost and profit based on the hourly hydrogen energy demand of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles aggregated by hydrogen refueling stations, combined with a cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading. Based on the hydrogen cost and profit, combined with a master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users, it generates time-sharing hydrogen price information at hydrogen refueling stations and adjusts the arrival time of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The participants in the cooperative game framework on the hydrogen production side based on carbon quota trading are all hydrogen production entities in the hydrogen production side model. Their strategies are the hourly hydrogen production volume of each hydrogen production entity and the carbon quota trading volume with other hydrogen production entities. Their benefits are the total cost of hydrogen production to meet the hydrogen energy demand of the hydrogen refueling station. The participants in the master-slave game optimization framework between hydrogen refueling stations and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users include the hydrogen production side, the upper-level hydrogen refueling stations, and the lower-level hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The strategy of hydrogen refueling stations is hourly pricing; the strategy of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is adjusted arrival time. Their benefits include hydrogen refueling station revenue and hydrogen fuel cell vehicle revenue. The expression of the hydrogen production side model is: in, , , Represent the unit hydrogen production costs of green hydrogen, grey hydrogen and blue hydrogen respectively; Indicates the carbon penalty for exceeding the carbon quota on the hydrogen production side; represents the load imbalance penalty incurred for not meeting hydrogen demand; express t The hourly production of blue hydrogen; express t The amount of hydrogen produced by grey hydrogen at each hour; express t The hourly production of green hydrogen; represents the cost of hydrogen production; The expression of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle model is: in, Indicates the i The hydrogen refueling requirements of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles; For the i The refueling cost function of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle; is the hydrogenation cost; No. i Hydrogen refueling cost function for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle It is defined as a quadratic function related to hydrogen station pricing and is expressed as: in, , , is the cost coefficient of fuel cell vehicles, for t Moment fuel cell vehicle i The hydrogen price based on the actual arrival time.

4. The hydrogen energy industry chain integrated control system based on hybrid game architecture as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: The expression of the hydrogen refueling station model is: in, for t The hourly unit price of hydrogen energy at the hydrogen refueling station; for t The unit ex-factory price of hydrogen energy on the hydrogen production side at that moment; express t The hourly production of blue hydrogen; express t The amount of hydrogen produced by grey hydrogen at each hour; express t The hourly production of green hydrogen; For the profit of hydrogen refueling station.

5. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps in the hydrogen energy full industry chain integrated control method based on a hybrid game architecture as described in any one of claims 1-2 are implemented.

6. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the steps in the hydrogen energy full industry chain integration control method based on the hybrid game architecture as described in any one of claims 1-2 are implemented.

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