Motor direct-drive speed reduction device for oil pumping unit and speed reduction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a motor direct-drive speed reducer for an oil pumping unit, which comprises a motor connected with a three-stage four-shaft gear reducer through a coupler assembly. The coupling assembly is further provided with an electromagnetic brake used for braking. In the structure of the three-stage four-shaft gear reducer, bevel gear transmission is adopted for the first stage, and cylindrical gear transmission is adopted for the second stage and the third stage. The rotary motion of the motor is converted into the rotary motion of the output shaft through transmission of the device, the rotating speed of the motor is reduced, and the output torque is increased; an original V-belt transmission structure is avoided, and the compactness of the transmission structure of the oil pumping unit is improved; the equipment mounting area is reduced. In terms of a mechanical transmission structure, V-belt transmission is replaced by gear transmission, so that the transmission efficiency of the device is effectively improved; original V-belt transmission is changed into gear transmission, and equipment faults and maintenance work are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of speed reducers, and relates to a motor direct-drive speed reducer for an oil pump, and also relates to a motor direct-drive speed reducer method for an oil pump. Background Art

[0002] The existing oil pumping unit transmission path is: the motor drives the belt to rotate, the pulley drives the pulley to rotate through the belt, the pulley is installed on the reducer input shaft to drive the reducer to rotate, and drives the crank to rotate through the reducer output shaft, the crank drives the connecting rod and drives the walking beam to move with the bearing seat as the fulcrum through the connecting rod, the walking beam drives the suspension rope through the donkey head to make it reciprocate up and down, that is, the rotational motion of the motor is finally converted into the up and down reciprocating motion of the suspension rope.

[0003] The motor shaft head pulley drives the belt (narrow V-belt) to transmit power to the reducer pulley, and the reducer pulley drives the input shaft to rotate. The gear of the intake shaft transmits the motion to the intermediate shaft through the transmission of the intermediate gear. The intermediate shaft then transmits the motion to the driven wheel through gear meshing. The driven wheel is connected to the output shaft through a key connection. The speed of the three-phase asynchronous motor is reduced from 730r / min to about 5r / min through the pulley and the two-stage three-axis reducer, and the motor torque is amplified. The speed can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the motor pulley.

[0004] The belt is not a completely elastic body. Under the action of preload, after a period of operation, it relaxes due to plastic deformation. This causes the belt to slip, resulting in reduced transmission efficiency and even seriously affecting the operation of the pumping unit. In order to ensure the normal operation of the belt drive, the solution is to set a V-belt tensioning device and manually adjust the center distance regularly. Adding a tensioning device will increase the number of equipment failure points, and the automatic tensioning device is expensive and not suitable for field environments. The method of using a tensioning wheel requires manual adjustment in the later stage of use. Therefore, the tensioning device is not used in field use. The method of regularly manually adjusting the motor center distance is used. The adjustment process is complicated and requires at least two people to operate. The installation locations of the pumping units are scattered. There are about 60,000 beam pumping units in use in Changqing Oilfield and about 200,000 beam pumping units in China. The labor cost and expenses generated by adjusting at least once a year are 100 million yuan. The V-belts of some pumping units are in a slipping state for a long time, resulting in a waste of electricity, and the electricity consumption of the pumping unit accounts for about 48% of the total energy consumption of the oilfield. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a motor direct-drive speed reducer for an oil pump, which solves the problem that the existing oil pump adopts V-belt transmission, causing the V-belt to run in a slipping state for a long time, resulting in waste of electric energy.

[0006] The present invention also aims to provide a motor direct-drive speed reduction method for an oil pump.

[0007] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the motor direct-drive reduction device for the oil pump includes a motor, which is connected to a three-stage four-axis gear reducer through a coupling assembly; an electromagnetic brake for braking is also provided on the coupling assembly.

[0008] The present invention is also characterized in that:

[0009] In the three-stage four-axis gear reducer structure, the first stage adopts bevel gear transmission, and the second and third stages adopt cylindrical gear transmission.

[0010] When the motor is an electromagnetic brake motor, an electromagnetic brake is no longer required.

[0011] The three-stage four-shaft gear reduction structure includes an input shaft, an intermediate shaft a, an intermediate shaft b and an output shaft which are longitudinally arranged in sequence in a housing; the intermediate shaft a is keyed to an intermediate gear a, which meshes with the bevel gear on the driving shaft; the intermediate shaft b is keyed to an intermediate gear b, which meshes with the cylindrical tooth surface a on the intermediate shaft a; the output shaft is keyed to a driven wheel, which meshes with the cylindrical tooth surface b on the intermediate shaft b.

[0012] The input shaft end is bevel geared, the intermediate gear a is a bevel gear, and the bevel gears at the input shaft end are meshed with the bevel gears of the intermediate gear a.

[0013] Bevel gears are hardened gears with tooth surface hardness ≥HRC45 and involute tooth profile.

[0014] The motor, the coupling assembly, the electromagnetic brake, the input shaft and the intermediate shaft a, the intermediate shaft b and the output shaft are perpendicular to the axis line.

[0015] The second technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for directly driving a motor to reduce speed of an oil pump, which is specifically as follows:

[0016] After the motor rotates, it drives the coupling assembly to rotate through the key, and the coupling assembly drives the rotor in the electromagnetic brake to rotate through the key; the rotor drives the input shaft in the reducer to rotate through the key, and the input shaft drives the intermediate wheel a to rotate by relying on the shaft end bevel gear, and the intermediate wheel a drives the intermediate shaft a to rotate through the key, and the intermediate shaft a drives the intermediate gear b to rotate through the cylindrical tooth surface a, and the intermediate gear b drives the intermediate shaft b to rotate through the key, and the cylindrical tooth surface b on the intermediate shaft b drives the driven wheel to rotate, and the driven wheel drives the output shaft to rotate through the key, thereby realizing the transmission of motion.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] (i) The present invention converts the rotational motion of the motor into the rotational motion of the output shaft through the transmission of the device, thereby reducing the rotational speed of the motor and increasing the output torque.

[0019] (2) Avoid the original V-belt drive structure, improve the compactness of the oil pump drive structure and reduce the equipment installation area.

[0020] (III) In terms of mechanical transmission structure, gear transmission is used instead of V-belt transmission, which effectively improves the transmission efficiency of the device.

[0021] (iv) Change the original V-belt drive to gear drive to reduce equipment failures and maintenance work. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 The invention discloses a direct-drive speed reducing device for an oil pumping unit.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the coupling assembly of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electromagnetic brake of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reducer assembly of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the input shaft structure of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of the intermediate shaft a of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the intermediate shaft b of the present invention.

[0029] In the figure, 1, motor; 2, key a; 3, coupling assembly; 4, key b; 5, electromagnetic brake; 6, key c; 7, reducer; 8, left connecting sleeve; 9, pin shaft; 10, right connecting sleeve; 11, rotor; 12, armature; 13, handle; 14, spring; 15, stator; 16, input shaft; 17, housing; 18, intermediate gear a; 19, key d; 20, intermediate shaft a20; 21, intermediate gear b; 22, intermediate shaft b; 23 key e; 24, driven wheel; 25, key f; 26, output shaft; 27, key g. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. This embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation method and a specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] The motor direct drive speed reducer for the oil pumping unit of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1As shown, the motor 1 is connected to the three-stage four-axis gear reducer 7 through a coupling assembly 3; the coupling assembly 3 is also provided with an electromagnetic brake 5 for braking. In the three-stage four-axis gear reducer structure, the first stage adopts bevel gear transmission, and the second and third stages adopt cylindrical gear transmission.

[0033] like Figure 4 As shown, the three-stage four-shaft gear reduction structure includes an input shaft 16, an intermediate shaft a20, an intermediate shaft b22 and an output shaft 26 which are longitudinally arranged in sequence in the housing 17; an intermediate gear a18 is keyed to the intermediate shaft a20, and the intermediate gear a18 is meshed with the bevel gear on the input shaft 16; an oil intermediate gear b21 is keyed to the intermediate shaft b22, and the intermediate gear b21 is meshed with the cylindrical tooth surface a on the intermediate shaft a20; a driven wheel 24 is keyed to the output shaft 26, and the driven wheel 24 is meshed with the cylindrical tooth surface b on the intermediate shaft b22.

[0034] The input shaft 16 has bevel teeth at its end, and the intermediate gear a18 is a bevel gear. The bevel teeth at the input shaft end mesh with the bevel teeth of the intermediate gear a18.

[0035] The motor 1 , the coupling assembly 3 , the electromagnetic brake 5 , the input shaft 16 , the intermediate shaft a20 , the intermediate shaft b22 , and the output shaft 26 are axially perpendicular.

[0036] Example 2

[0037] The difference from Example 1 is that

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, the coupling assembly 3 includes a left connecting sleeve 8 and a right connecting sleeve 10, which are connected and transmit torque through a pin 9, wherein the pin 9 is made of non-metallic material and the number is 6 or 8.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, the electromagnetic brake 5 includes a rotor 11, an armature 12, a handle 13, a spring 14, and a stator 15. The stator 15 is fixed to the reducer housing with bolts, and the rotor 11 is connected to the coupling assembly through a key and transmits torque. It has a power-off braking function, and can also be manually braked through the handle 13 when the power is on. In the power-on state, the magnetic pole generates magnetism, the armature 12 compresses the spring 14 and adsorbs on the stator 15, and the rotor 11 transmits the rotation of the coupling assembly 3 to the reducer 7; in the power-off state, the magnetic pole is demagnetized, and the armature 12, under the action of the compression spring 14, contacts with the rotor 11 and generates friction until the rotor 11 stops.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the shaft end of the input shaft 16 is a bevel gear, and its tooth profile is an involute; the other end has a keyway for connecting and transmitting rotation; wherein, the bevel gear is a hardened gear, and the tooth surface hardness is ≥HRC45.

[0041] like Figure 6 As shown, one end of the intermediate shaft a20 is cylindrically toothed; the other end has a keyway a for mounting the intermediate gear a18.

[0042] like Figure 7 As shown, one end of the intermediate shaft b22 is cylindrically toothed; the other end has a keyway b for mounting the intermediate gear b21.

[0043] Example 3

[0044] The motor is connected to the coupling and transmits torque through key a2. The other end of the coupling is connected to the brake through key b4. The other end of the brake is connected to the reducer input shaft through key c6. The reducer input shaft drives the intermediate gear a18 to rotate through the shaft end bevel gear. The intermediate gear a18 drives the intermediate shaft a20 to rotate through key d19. The cylindrical gear of the intermediate gear a18 drives the intermediate gear b21 to rotate. The intermediate gear b21 drives the intermediate shaft b22 through key e23. The cylindrical gear on the intermediate shaft drives the driven wheel to rotate. The driven wheel drives the output shaft to rotate through key f25. The entire reduction device converts the high-speed rotation of the motor into the required low-speed, high-torque rotation, and converts the rotation of the motor along the axis of the device into the rotation of the device in the vertical direction. The transmission between the input shaft and the intermediate gear a18 is the first-stage transmission, the transmission between the intermediate shaft a20 and the intermediate gear b21 is the second-stage transmission, and the transmission between the intermediate shaft b22 and the driven wheel is the third-stage transmission, forming a three-stage four-axis reducer. The speed of the output shaft is a fixed value. If you want to obtain a speed that varies in a small range, you can use frequency conversion technology to adjust the frequency of the AC power.

[0045] Example 4

[0046] When the speed reducer needs to be shut down for maintenance during operation, the motor will move freely for a period of time due to the inertia of the speed reducer after power is cut off. In order to ensure the stability of the device and meet the requirements of stopping at special positions, a braking device must be equipped. The braking process is: after the motor is powered off, the rotor and stator of the electromagnetic brake contact under the action of magnetic force, and under the action of friction, the rotor stops rotating and the device stops moving. The brake is set at the shaft end of the first-stage transmission, and has the characteristics of small friction, timely braking and high safety.

[0047] Based on this, the motor can be replaced with an electromagnetic brake motor, and the electromagnetic brake can be eliminated. The transmission method is: the electromagnetic brake motor is sequentially connected to the coupling assembly, and the coupling assembly is connected to the reducer assembly, which can also achieve the use effect of embodiment 1.

[0048] The above describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Professionals and technicians in this industry should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments. The above-mentioned embodiments only describe the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements will fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected.

Claims

1. Motor direct drive reduction device for oil pumping unit, It is characterized in that The invention comprises a motor (1), wherein the motor (1) is connected to a three-stage four-axis gear reducer (7) via a coupling assembly (3); an electromagnetic brake (5) for braking is also arranged on the coupling assembly (3).

2. The motor direct drive speed reducer for an oil pump according to claim 1, It is characterized in that In the three-stage four-axis gear reducer structure, the first stage adopts bevel gear transmission, and the second and third stages adopt cylindrical gear transmission.

3. The motor direct drive speed reducer for an oil pump according to claim 1, It is characterized in that When the motor (1) is an electromagnetic brake motor, an electromagnetic brake (5) is no longer required.

4. The motor direct drive speed reducer for an oil pump according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The three-stage four-shaft gear reducer structure comprises an input shaft (16), an intermediate shaft a (20), an intermediate shaft b (22) and an output shaft (26) which are longitudinally arranged in sequence in a housing (17); the intermediate shaft a (20) is keyed with an intermediate gear a (18), the intermediate gear a (18) meshes with a bevel gear on a driving shaft (16); the intermediate shaft b (22) is keyed with an oil intermediate gear b (21), the intermediate gear b (21) meshes with a cylindrical tooth surface a on the intermediate shaft a (20); the output shaft (26) is keyed with a driven wheel (24), the driven wheel (24) meshes with a cylindrical tooth surface b on the intermediate shaft b (22).

5. The motor direct drive speed reducer for an oil pump according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The motor (1), the coupling assembly (3), the electromagnetic brake (5), the input shaft (16), the intermediate shaft a (20), the intermediate shaft b (22) and the output shaft (26) are axially perpendicular.

6. The motor direct drive speed reducer for an oil pump according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The input shaft (16) has bevel teeth at its end, and the intermediate gear a (18) is a bevel gear. The bevel teeth at the input shaft end mesh with the bevel teeth of the intermediate gear a (18).

7. The motor direct drive speed reducer for an oil pump according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The bevel gear is a hardened gear with a tooth surface hardness of ≥HRC45 and an involute tooth shape.

8. The deceleration method of the motor direct drive deceleration device for the oil pumping unit, It is characterized in that After the motor (1) rotates, the coupling assembly (3) is driven to rotate through the key, and the coupling assembly (3) drives the rotor (11) in the electromagnetic brake (5) to rotate through the key; the rotor (11) drives the input shaft (16) in the reducer (7) to rotate through the key, the input shaft (16) drives the intermediate wheel a (18) to rotate by means of the shaft end bevel gear, the intermediate wheel a (18) drives the intermediate shaft a (20) to rotate through the key, the intermediate shaft a (20) drives the intermediate gear b (21) to rotate through the cylindrical tooth surface a, the intermediate gear b (21) drives the intermediate shaft b (22) to rotate through the key, the cylindrical tooth surface b on the intermediate shaft b (22) drives the driven wheel (24) to rotate, and the driven wheel (24) drives the output shaft (26) to rotate through the key, thereby realizing the transmission of motion.

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