Display device

Abstract

There is provided a display device including: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area located outside the display area; a display layer in the display area, the display layer including an emission element; the packaging layer covers the display layer; an electrode line on the encapsulation layer, the electrode line extending in a first direction; a first light shielding line on the electrode line, where the first light shielding line extends in a first direction, overlaps the electrode line, and includes a light shielding material; a second light shielding line on the first light shielding line, where the second light shielding line extends in a second direction crossing the first direction and includes an electrophoretic solution; and an electrode layer on the second light shielding line.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to Korean Patent Application No. 10-2023-0174890, filed on December 5, 2023, and all benefits obtained from the application, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Technical Field

[0003] One or more embodiments relate to a display device and a method of manufacturing the display device. Background Art

[0004] The use of display devices has been diversified. As display devices have become thinner and lighter, the use range of display devices has expanded, and as display devices are used in various fields, the demand for display devices capable of providing high-quality images has increased. In some cases, the display device is installed inside a vehicle to provide an image to a user sitting in a driver's seat or a passenger seat. Summary of the invention

[0005] Light emitted from a display device disposed inside a vehicle may be reflected from a vehicle window and may reach a user. In this case, the driver's field of vision may be blocked while driving, which may cause a safety problem while driving.

[0006] One or more embodiments include a display device with improved display quality and a vehicle including the display device, in which the emitted light can travel in a specific direction so that the user's field of view is not blocked. However, this purpose is an example, and the scope of one or more embodiments is not limited thereby.

[0007] Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the embodiments presented in the disclosure.

[0008] According to one or more embodiments, a display device includes: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area arranged outside the display area; a display layer, in the display area, the display layer includes an emitting element; an encapsulation layer, covering the display layer; an electrode line, on the encapsulation layer, the electrode line extends in a first direction; a first shading line on the electrode line, wherein the first shading line extends in the first direction, overlaps with the electrode line, and includes a shading material; a second shading line on the first shading line, wherein the second shading line extends in a second direction intersecting the first direction and includes an electrophoretic solution; and an electrode layer, on the second shading line.

[0009] The electrophoretic solution may include a transparent fluid and light-shielding particles dispersed in the transparent fluid.

[0010] The width of the second line-shielding may be greater than the width of the first line-shielding.

[0011] The display device may further include: an organic layer, on the first light-shielding line, the organic layer including a groove extending in the second direction, and the second light-shielding line is arranged in the groove of the organic layer.

[0012] The grooves may pass through the organic layer.

[0013] The depth of the groove may be smaller than the thickness of the organic layer.

[0014] The second light-shielding line may contact the first light-shielding line.

[0015] The second light-shielding line may be spaced apart from the first light-shielding line.

[0016] The display device may further include: a capping layer between the second light-shielding line and the electrode layer.

[0017] The display device may further include: a passivation layer between the first light-shielding lines and the electrode lines.

[0018] According to one or more embodiments, a method for manufacturing a display device includes: forming an electrode line on an encapsulation layer covering an emitting element, the electrode line extending in a first direction; forming a first shading line on the electrode line, wherein the first shading line extends in the first direction, overlaps with the electrode line, and includes a shading material; forming an organic layer on the first shading line; forming a groove in the organic layer, the groove extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction; forming a second shading line by injecting an electrophoretic solution into the groove of the organic layer; and forming an electrode layer on the second shading line.

[0019] The electrophoretic solution may include a transparent fluid and light-shielding particles dispersed in the transparent fluid.

[0020] The width of the second line-shielding may be greater than the width of the first line-shielding.

[0021] The forming of the groove may include forming the groove by etching the organic layer.

[0022] The forming of the groove may include forming the groove through an embossing process.

[0023] The method may further include: forming preliminary electrode lines and preliminary first light-shielding lines stacked sequentially, wherein forming the electrode lines and the first light-shielding lines may include etching the preliminary electrode lines and the preliminary first light-shielding lines, respectively.

[0024] The method may further include: forming a passivation layer between the electrode line and the first light-shielding line.

[0025] The method may further include forming sequentially stacked initial electrode lines, initial passivation layers, and initial first light-shielding lines, wherein forming the electrode lines, the passivation layer, and the first light-shielding lines may include etching the initial electrode lines, the initial passivation layer, and the initial first light-shielding lines, respectively.

[0026] The method may further include: forming a capping layer between the second light-shielding line and the electrode layer.

[0027] The forming of the electrode lines may include forming the electrode lines through a sputtering process, and the forming of the first light-shielding lines may be after the forming of the electrode lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The above and other aspects, features and advantages of certain embodiments of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0029] Figure 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an external appearance of a vehicle according to an embodiment;

[0030] Figure 2A and Figure 2B is a diagram schematically illustrating the interior of a vehicle according to an embodiment;

[0031] Figure 3 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a display device according to an embodiment;

[0032] Figure 4 is a plan view schematically illustrating a display device according to an embodiment;

[0033] Figure 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically illustrating a sub-pixel according to an embodiment;

[0034] Figure 6 is a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 An enlarged view of some elements in the enlarged area A in FIG.

[0035] Figure 7 is a display device according to an embodiment in which no voltage is applied to the electrode lines and the electrode layers. Figure 4 An enlarged view of some elements in the enlarged area A in FIG.

[0036] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of Figure 7 The line I-I' in Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a display device in FIG.

[0037] Fig. 9 In the case where no voltage is applied to the electrode lines and the electrode layers according to the embodiment Figure 8 An enlarged view of area B in FIG.

[0038] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of Figure 7 The line II-II' in Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a display device in FIG.

[0039] Fig.11 is a display device according to an embodiment in which a voltage is applied to the electrode lines and the electrode layers. Figure 4 An enlarged view of some elements in the enlarged area A in FIG.

[0040] Fig.12 In the case where a voltage is applied to the electrode line and the electrode layer according to an embodiment Figure 8 An enlarged view of area B in FIG.

[0041] Fig.13 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for Figure 7 The line I-I' in Figure 7 A cross-sectional view of a display device in FIG.

[0042] FIG. 14A to FIG. 14G is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment; and

[0043] FIG. 15A to FIG. 15D is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing a display device according to another embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] Now will refer to embodiment in detail, the example of embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and the same reference numerals refer to the same elements from beginning to end in the accompanying drawings. In this regard, the present embodiment can have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the description set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiment is described herein only by reference to the accompanying drawings to explain the aspects of this description. As used in this article, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the items listed in the association. Throughout the disclosure, the statement "at least one of a, b and c" can represent only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b and c or their variants.

[0045] Since the present disclosure allows for various changes and numerous embodiments, specific embodiments will be illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the written description. Hereinafter, the effects and features of the present disclosure and methods for achieving the effects and features will be more fully described with reference to the drawings in which the embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated. However, the present disclosure can be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0046] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout and repeated description of the like elements is omitted.

[0047] In the following embodiments, terms such as "first" and "second" are used herein only to describe various elements, but the elements are not limited by the terms. Such terms are used for the purpose of distinguishing one element from another element.

[0048] In the following embodiments, an expression used in the singular encompasses an expression in the plural unless the expression has a clearly different meaning in the context.

[0049] In the following embodiments, it will be further understood that the terms “include” and / or “comprises” used herein specify the presence of stated features or elements, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or elements.

[0050] It will be understood that when a layer, region or element is referred to as being "formed on" another layer, region or element, the layer, region or element may be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region or element. That is, for example, intervening layers, regions or elements may be present.

[0051] For the convenience of explanation, the size of the elements in the drawings may be exaggerated or reduced. For example, since the size and thickness of the elements in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for the convenience of explanation, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0052] When embodiments may be implemented differently, a particular process sequence may be performed differently from the described sequence. For example, two processes described in succession may be performed substantially simultaneously or in an order opposite to the described sequence. As used herein, the term "substantially" means approximately or actually (e.g., within a threshold). As used herein, the term "substantially vertical" means approximately or actually vertical. As used herein, the term "substantially equal" means approximately or actually equal. As used herein, the term "substantially the same" means approximately or actually the same.

[0053] Herein, "A and / or B" means A or B or A and B. "At least one of A and B" means A or B or A and B.

[0054] It will be understood that when a layer, region, or element is referred to as being "connected" to another layer, region, or element, the layer, region, or element may be "directly connected" to the other layer, region, or element, or may be "indirectly connected" to the other layer, region, or element with other layers, regions, or elements between them. For example, it will be understood that when a layer, region, or element is referred to as being "electrically connected" to another layer, region, or element, the layer, region, or element may be "directly electrically connected" to the other layer, region, or element, or may be "indirectly electrically connected" to the other layer, region, or element with other layers, regions, or elements between them.

[0055] The x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis are not limited to the three axes of the rectangular coordinate system and can be interpreted in a broader sense. For example, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis may be perpendicular to each other, or may represent different directions that are not perpendicular to each other.

[0056] Figure 1 is a diagram schematically illustrating an appearance of a vehicle 1000 according to the embodiment. Figure 2A and Figure 2B is a diagram schematically illustrating the interior of a vehicle 1000 according to an embodiment.

[0057] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2A and Figure 2B The vehicle 1000 may be any of various devices that move a transport object (such as, for example, a person, an object, or an animal) from a starting point to a destination. The vehicle 1000 may include a vehicle that travels on roads or tracks, a ship that sails on the sea or a river, an airplane that flies in the sky by using the action of air, or other suitable means of transportation that supports aspects of the present disclosure.

[0058] The vehicle 1000 may travel on a road or a track. The vehicle 1000 may move in a specific direction according to the rotation of at least one wheel. For example, the vehicle 1000 may be a three-wheeled vehicle, a four-wheeled vehicle, a construction facility, a two-wheeled vehicle, a motor vehicle, a bicycle, or a train traveling on a track.

[0059] The vehicle 1000 may include a body having an interior and an exterior and a chassis which is the remaining portion other than the body and in which a driving-related mechanical device is installed. The exterior of the body may include a front panel, a hood, a roof panel, a rear panel, a trunk, and fillers provided at the boundaries between the doors. The chassis of the vehicle 1000 may include a power generation device, an electric transmission device, a travel device, a steering device, a braking device, a suspension device, a transmission device, a fuel device, a front wheel, a rear wheel, a left wheel, and a right wheel or other components of the vehicle 1000.

[0060] The vehicle 1000 may include side windows 1100 , a front window 1200 , side mirrors 1300 , an instrument panel 1400 , a center console 1500 , a passenger instrument panel 1600 , and a display device 1 .

[0061] The side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 may be partitioned by a filling portion disposed between the side window glass 1100 and the front window glass 1200 .

[0062] The side window glass 1100 may be installed on a side of the vehicle 1000. In an embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may be installed on a door of the vehicle 1000. The side window glass 1100 may include a plurality of side window glasses that may face each other. In an embodiment, the side window glass 1100 may include a first side window glass 1110 and a second side window glass 1120. The first side window glass 1110 may be arranged adjacent to the instrument panel 1400. The second side window glass 1120 may be arranged adjacent to the passenger instrument panel 1600.

[0063] The plurality of side window glasses 1100 may be spaced apart from each other in a first direction (e.g., x direction). For example, the first side window glass 1110 and the second side window glass 1120 may be spaced apart from each other in the x direction. In other words, an imaginary connection line L connecting the plurality of side window glasses 1100 may extend in the first direction (e.g., x direction).

[0064] The front window glass 1200 may be installed at the front of the vehicle 1000. The front window glass 1200 may be disposed adjacent to the plurality of side window glasses 1100 facing each other.

[0065] The side view mirror 1300 may provide a view of the rear of the vehicle 1000. The side view mirror 1300 may be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle body. The side view mirror 1300 may include a plurality of side view mirrors 1300. One of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 may be arranged on the outer side of the first side window glass 1110. Another of the plurality of side view mirrors 1300 may be arranged on the outer side of the second side window glass 1120.

[0066] The instrument panel 1400 may be located in front of the steering wheel. The instrument panel 1400 may have arranged therein a tachometer, a speedometer, a coolant temperature gauge, a fuel gauge rotation indicator light, a high beam indicator light, a warning light, a seat belt warning light, an odometer, an automatic shift lever indicator light, a door open warning light, an engine oil warning light, and / or a low fuel warning light.

[0067] The center instrument panel 1500 may include an audio device, an air conditioning device, and a control panel having a plurality of buttons for adjusting a seat heater. The center instrument panel 1500 may be disposed at one side of the instrument panel 1400 .

[0068] The passenger instrument panel 1600 may be spaced apart from the instrument panel 1400, and the central instrument panel 1500 is between the instrument panel 1400 and the passenger instrument panel 1600. In an embodiment, the instrument panel 1400 may be arranged to correspond to a driver's seat (not shown), and the passenger instrument panel 1600 may be arranged to correspond to a passenger seat (not shown). In an embodiment, the instrument panel 1400 may be adjacent to the first side window glass 1110, and the passenger instrument panel 1600 may be adjacent to the second side window glass 1120.

[0069] The display device 1 may be arranged inside the vehicle 1000. The display device 1 may be arranged between the plurality of side window glasses 1100. The display device 1 may display an image. In an embodiment, the display device 1 may be arranged on at least one of the instrument panel 1400, the central instrument panel 1500, and the passenger instrument panel 1600.

[0070] The display device 1 may include a liquid crystal display, an electrophoretic display, an organic light emitting display, an inorganic light emitting display, a field emission display, a surface conduction electron emitter display, a quantum dot display, a plasma display, a cathode ray display or other displays. Hereinafter, an organic light emitting display is described as an example of the display device 1 according to an embodiment, but various types of display devices as described herein may be used in one or more embodiments.

[0071] refer to Figure 2A , the display device 1 may be disposed on the central instrument panel 1500. In an embodiment, the display device 1 may display navigation information. In an embodiment, the display device 1 may display information about audio, video, or vehicle settings.

[0072] The light emitted from the display device 1 may travel in a specific direction. For example, the light emitted from the display device 1 may travel toward the driver's seat (not shown). The light emitted from the display device 1 may travel toward the passenger seat (not shown). The light emitted from the display device 1 may not travel to the front window glass 1200. Alternatively, the light emitted from the display device 1 may travel to the front window glass 1200 at a relatively small ratio (for example, according to a relatively small viewing angle). In an example in which the light emitted from the display device 1 travels toward the front window glass 1200, the light emitted from the display device 1 may be reflected from the front window glass 1200 and may reach the driver's seat. Accordingly, the driver may recognize the image of the display device 1 on the front window glass 1200, but may not recognize the object in front of the vehicle 1000, which is unsafe during driving. In the present embodiment, since the upper and lower viewing angles of the display device 1 set on the central instrument panel 1500 are limited, the light emitted from the display device 1 and traveling toward the front window glass 1200 can be minimized or reduced.

[0073] refer to Figure 2B , the display device 1 may be disposed on the instrument panel 1400. In this case, the instrument panel 1400 may express driving information or other information through the display device 1. In other words, the instrument panel 1400 may be implemented digitally. The digital instrument panel 1400 may display vehicle information and driving information as images. For example, a tachometer needle, a tire pressure gauge, and various warning light icons may be displayed through digital signals.

[0074] The light emitted from the display device 1 may travel in a specific direction. For example, the light emitted from the display device 1 may travel toward the driver's seat (not shown). In an embodiment, the light emitted from the display device 1 may not travel to the front window glass 1200. Alternatively, the light emitted from the display device 1 may travel to the front window glass 1200 at a relatively small ratio. In an example in which the light emitted from the display device 1 travels toward the front window glass 1200, the light emitted from the display device 1 may be reflected from the front window glass 1200 and may reach the driver's seat. Accordingly, the driver may recognize the image of the display device 1 on the front window glass 1200, which may cause safety problems during driving. In the present embodiment, since the upper and lower viewing angles of the display device 1 set on the instrument panel 1400 are limited, the light emitted from the display device 1 and traveling toward the front window glass 1200 can be minimized or reduced.

[0075] Figure 3 is a perspective view schematically illustrating a display device 1 according to the embodiment. Figure 4 is a plan view schematically illustrating a display device 1 according to the embodiment.

[0076] refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the display device 1 may include a display area DA and a peripheral area PA. The display device 1 may include a substrate 100 and a multilayer structure on the substrate 100. The display area DA and the peripheral area PA may be defined in the substrate 100 and / or defined in the multilayer structure. For example, the display area DA and the peripheral area PA may be defined in the substrate 100. In other words, the substrate 100 may include the display area DA and the peripheral area PA.

[0077] A plurality of sub-pixels P may be arranged in the display area DA. In an embodiment, the sub-pixels P may be provided on the front surface FS1 of the display device 1 .

[0078] A plurality of sub-pixels P may be arranged in the display area DA, and an image may be displayed. The sub-pixel P may include an emitting element. Light emitted from the sub-pixel P may travel in a specific direction from the front surface FS1 of the display device 1. Light emitted from the sub-pixel P may not travel in another specific direction from the front surface FS1 of the display device 1. In an embodiment, the light emitted from the sub-pixel P may travel in a direction perpendicular to the front surface FS1 of the display device 1 (e.g., the z direction). The light emitted from the sub-pixel P may travel in a direction inclined relative to the front surface FS1 of the display device 1 (e.g., a direction intersecting the z direction). In an embodiment, the light emitted from the sub-pixel P may not have a component in a first direction (e.g., the x direction) and / or a component in a second direction (e.g., the y direction).

[0079] The sub-pixel P may emit one of red light, green light, and blue light by using an emission element. In an embodiment, the sub-pixel P may emit one of red light, green light, blue light, and white light by using an emission element. The sub-pixel P may be defined as an emission area of ​​an emission element that emits one of red light, green light, blue light, and white light.

[0080] The sub-pixel P may include an emitting element that is a light-emitting diode and is capable of emitting light of a specific color. The light-emitting diode may include an organic light-emitting diode including an organic material as an emission layer. Alternatively, the light-emitting diode may include an inorganic light-emitting diode. Alternatively, the light-emitting diode may include quantum dots as an emission layer. In an embodiment, the size of the light-emitting diode may be micrometer-level or nanometer-level. For example, the light-emitting diode may be a micrometer light-emitting diode. Alternatively, the light-emitting diode may be a nanometer light-emitting diode. The nanometer light-emitting diode may include gallium nitride (GaN). In an embodiment, a color conversion layer may be disposed on the nanometer light-emitting diode. The color conversion layer may include quantum dots. Hereinafter, for ease of description, the case where the light-emitting diode includes an organic light-emitting diode will be mainly described in detail.

[0081] The pixel circuit of the sub-pixel P may be connected to a scan line SL extending in a first direction (eg, x-direction) and a data line DL extending in a second direction (eg, y-direction).

[0082] The peripheral area PA may be an area in which an image is not provided. The peripheral area PA may be arranged outside the display area DA. The peripheral area PA may at least partially surround the display area DA. In an embodiment, the peripheral area PA may completely surround the display area DA. A scan driver (not shown) for providing a scan signal to each sub-pixel P may be arranged in the peripheral area PA. A data driver (not shown) for providing a data signal to the sub-pixel P may be arranged in the peripheral area PA. The peripheral area PA may include a pad area PADA. In an embodiment, a pad PAD may be arranged in the pad area PADA. The pad PAD may be exposed by not being covered by an insulating layer and may be electrically connected to a printed circuit board or a driver integrated circuit (IC).

[0083] The plurality of lines WL may be arranged in the peripheral area PA. The plurality of lines WL may transmit signals and / or voltages received from a printed circuit board or a driver IC to pixel circuits of sub-pixels P arranged in the display area DA through pads PAD.

[0084] Figure 5 is an equivalent circuit diagram schematically illustrating a sub-pixel P according to an embodiment.

[0085] refer to Figure 5 , the sub-pixel P may include a pixel circuit PC and an organic light emitting diode OLED which is an emission element. The pixel circuit PC may include a driving transistor T1, a switching transistor T2, and a storage capacitor Cst. The sub-pixel P may emit, for example, one of red light, green light, and blue light, or one of red light, green light, blue light, and white light through the organic light emitting diode OLED.

[0086] The switching transistor T2 may be connected to the scan line SL and the data line DL, and may transmit a data signal or a data voltage received via the data line DL to the driving transistor T1 based on a scan signal or a switching voltage received via the scan line SL. The storage capacitor Cst may be connected to the switching transistor T2 and the driving voltage line PL, and may store a voltage corresponding to a difference between a voltage received from the switching transistor T2 and a first power voltage ELVDD supplied to the driving voltage line PL.

[0087] The driving transistor T1 may be connected to the driving voltage line PL and the storage capacitor Cst, and may control a driving current flowing from the driving voltage line PL through the organic light emitting diode OLED corresponding to the value of the voltage stored in the storage capacitor Cst. The organic light emitting diode OLED may emit light having a specific brightness according to the driving current. A common electrode (e.g., a cathode) of the organic light emitting diode OLED may receive a second power voltage ELVSS.

[0088] exist Figure 5In the embodiment, the pixel circuit PC includes two transistors and one storage capacitor. However, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. In another embodiment, the pixel circuit PC may include three or more transistors. In another embodiment, the pixel circuit PC may include two or more storage capacitors.

[0089] In an embodiment, each of the driving transistor T1 and the switching transistor T2 may be provided as a p-channel metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) (PMOS) or as an n-channel MOSFET (NMOS). Alternatively, some of the plurality of transistors included in the pixel circuit PC may be provided as PMOS transistors, and the rest may be provided as NMOS transistors.

[0090] Figure 6 and Figure 7 The display device 1 according to the embodiment Figure 4 An enlarged view of some elements in the enlarged area A in FIG. Figure 6 The arrangement of the electrode lines 410 on the xy plane is shown in FIG. Figure 7 The first shading line 420 and the second shading line 430 are shown in FIG. Figure 6 The arrangement on the xy plane of the xy plane. Figure 7 The second light-shielding line 430 is illustrated in which no voltage is applied to the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440 described herein.

[0091] refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 In the display area DA, the display device 1 may include first to third sub-pixels P1, P2, and P3. The first sub-pixel P1, the second sub-pixel P2, and the third sub-pixel P3 may be defined by emission areas of emission elements of the first sub-pixel P1, the second sub-pixel P2, and the third sub-pixel P3, respectively.

[0092] The first sub-pixel P1, the second sub-pixel P2, and the third sub-pixel P3 may emit light in wavelength bands different from each other. In other words, the first sub-pixel P1, the second sub-pixel P2, and the third sub-pixel P3 may emit light of different colors from each other. The first sub-pixel P1 may emit light in a first wavelength band. For example, the first sub-pixel P1 may emit light in a wavelength range from 630nm to 780nm. The second sub-pixel P2 may emit light in a second wavelength band. For example, the second sub-pixel P2 may emit light in a wavelength range from 495nm to 570nm. The third sub-pixel P3 may emit light in a third wavelength band. For example, the third sub-pixel P3 may emit light in a wavelength range from 450nm to 495nm.

[0093] In an embodiment, the first subpixel P1, the second subpixel P2, and the third subpixel P3 may have a rectangular shape among polygonal shapes. In this article, polygons also include shapes with rounded corners. In other words, the first subpixel P1, the second subpixel P2, and the third subpixel P3 may have a rectangular shape with rounded corners. In another embodiment, the first subpixel P1, the second subpixel P2, and the third subpixel P3 may have a circular shape or an elliptical shape.

[0094] In an embodiment, the sizes of the first subpixel P1, the second subpixel P2, and the third subpixel P3 may be different from each other. For example, the area of ​​the first subpixel P1 may be smaller than the area of ​​each of the second subpixel P2 and the third subpixel P3, and the area of ​​the third subpixel P3 may be larger than the area of ​​the second subpixel P2. However, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. The shapes and sizes of the first to third subpixels P1, P2, and P3 are not limited to the shapes and sizes shown in the figure, and may be changed.

[0095] The first sub-pixel P1 and the second sub-pixel P2 may each be provided in plurality and may be repeatedly arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (e.g., the y direction). The third sub-pixel P3 may be provided in plurality and may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the second direction (e.g., the y direction). A pixel column formed by the first sub-pixel P1 and the second sub-pixel P2 alternately arranged in the second direction (e.g., the y direction) and a pixel column formed by a plurality of third sub-pixels P3 arranged in the second direction (e.g., the y direction) may be repeatedly arranged to be spaced apart from each other in the first direction (e.g., the x direction). However, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the first to third sub-pixels P1, P2, and P3 may be arranged in a manner such as, for example The pixel array structures may be arranged in various pixel array structures such as a stripe structure, a mosaic structure or a triangle structure.

[0096] like Figure 6 As shown in FIG. 1 , the display device 1 may include a plurality of electrode lines 410 on the first subpixel P1, the second subpixel P2, and the third subpixel P3. Each of the electrode lines 410 may extend in a first direction (e.g., an x ​​direction). The electrode lines 410 may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a second direction (e.g., a y direction) intersecting the first direction (e.g., the x direction).

[0097] like Figure 7 As illustrated in FIG. 1 , the display device 1 may include a first light-shielding line 420 on the electrode line 410 , and may include a second light-shielding line 430 on the first light-shielding line 420 .

[0098] The first light-shielding line 420 may include a light-shielding material. Since the first light-shielding line 420 includes a light-shielding material, the first light-shielding line 420 may block or absorb light. For example, the first light-shielding line 420 may include a black matrix. For example, the first light-shielding line 420 may include a black dye such as, for example, carbon black.

[0099] Each of the first light-shielding lines 420 may extend in a first direction (eg, x direction). The first light-shielding lines 420 may be arranged to respectively overlap the electrode lines 410. The first light-shielding lines 420 may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a second direction (eg, y direction).

[0100] In the display device 1 according to the embodiment, when each of the first light-shielding lines 420 is arranged to extend in the first direction (e.g., the x direction), the light emitted from the first to third sub-pixels P1, P2, and P3 can be prevented or reduced from traveling in the second direction (e.g., the y direction). Figure 2A and Figure 2B As described, it is possible to prevent or reduce the light emitted from the display device 1 from traveling toward the front window glass 1200 of the vehicle 1000 .

[0101] The second light-shielding line 430 may include light-shielding particles 432 (see Fig. 9 ) of the electrophoretic solution. Since the second light-shielding line 430 includes the light-shielding particles 432, the second light-shielding line 430 can block or absorb light. The light-shielding particles 432 provided in the second light-shielding line 430 can have conductivity. Accordingly, since the light-shielding particles 432 in the second light-shielding line 430 move depending on whether a voltage is applied, the light transmittance of the second light-shielding line 430 can be changed.

[0102] The second light-shielding lines 430 may be arranged so that the second light-shielding lines 430 intersect with the first light-shielding lines 420. For example, the second light-shielding lines 430 may extend in a direction perpendicular to the first light-shielding lines 420. For example, each of the second light-shielding lines 430 may extend in a second direction (e.g., a y direction). The second light-shielding lines 430 may be arranged so that the second light-shielding lines 430 intersect with the electrode lines 410. For example, the second light-shielding lines 430 may extend in a direction perpendicular to the electrode lines 410. The second light-shielding lines 430 may be arranged to be spaced apart from each other in a first direction (e.g., an x ​​direction).

[0103] When no voltage is applied to the second light-shielding line 430, the light-shielding particles 432 (see Fig. 9) may be dispersed in the form of lines extending in the second direction (e.g., the y direction). Accordingly, due to the second light shielding line 430, the travel of light emitted from the first to third sub-pixels P1, P2, and P3 in the first direction (e.g., the x direction) may be prevented or reduced. Therefore, when no voltage is applied to the second light shielding line 430, due to the vehicle 1000 (see Figures 1 to 2B )'s left and right viewing angles of the display device 1 are limited, thereby preventing or reducing confusion of vision between the driver's seat and the passenger seat when driving the vehicle 1000.

[0104] Depending on the needs or preferences of the user, embodiments of the present disclosure support applying a voltage to the second light shielding line 430, as described herein with reference to Fig.11 and Fig.12 Accordingly, for example, based on the applied voltage, the light path in the first direction (eg, x direction) is not restricted, so that images can be recognized from the left and right sides.

[0105] A width W2 of the second light-shielding line 430 in the first direction (eg, the x-direction) may be greater than a width W1 of the first light-shielding line 420 in the second direction (eg, the y-direction).

[0106] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of Figure 7 The line I-I' in Figure 7 sectional view of the display device 1 in FIG. Fig. 9 In the case where no voltage is applied to the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440 according to the embodiment Figure 8 Magnified view of area B in FIG. Fig.10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of Figure 7 The line II-II' in Figure 7 sectional view of the display device 1 in FIG.

[0107] refer to Figures 8 to 10 The display device 1 may include a substrate 100 , a display layer 200 on the substrate 100 , an encapsulation layer 300L on the display layer 200 , an optical path control layer 400 on the encapsulation layer 300L, and a cover window 500 on the optical path control layer 400 .

[0108] The substrate 100 may include glass or a polymer resin, such as, for example, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyphenylene sulfide, polyimide, polycarbonate, cellulose triacetate, and cellulose acetate propionate. In an embodiment, the substrate 100 may have a multilayer structure including a base layer including a polymer resin described herein and a barrier layer (not shown). The substrate 100 including the polymer resin may have flexible, rollable, or bendable properties.

[0109] The display layer 200 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The display layer 200 may include a pixel circuit layer 210 and an emission element layer 220. The pixel circuit layer 210 may include a buffer layer 211, a first gate insulating layer 213, a second gate insulating layer 215, an interlayer insulating layer 217, an organic insulating layer 219, and a pixel circuit PC. The pixel circuit PC may include a thin film transistor TFT and a storage capacitor Cst. The thin film transistor TFT may include a semiconductor layer Act, a gate electrode GE, a source electrode SE, and a drain electrode DE.

[0110] The buffer layer 211 may be disposed on the substrate 100. The buffer layer 211 may include an inorganic insulating material such as, for example, silicon nitride (SiN x ), silicon oxynitride (SiON) and silicon oxide (SiO 2 ) and may have one or more layers comprising the inorganic insulating material described herein.

[0111] The semiconductor layer Act may be disposed on the buffer layer 211. The semiconductor layer Act may include polycrystalline silicon. Alternatively, the semiconductor layer Act may include amorphous silicon, an oxide semiconductor, an organic semiconductor, etc. The semiconductor layer Act may include a channel region and a drain region and a source region respectively disposed at opposite sides of the channel region.

[0112] The first gate insulating layer 213 may be disposed on the semiconductor layer Act and the buffer layer 211. The first gate insulating layer 213 may include an inorganic insulating material such as, for example, SiO 2 、SiN x , SiON, Alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), Tantalum Oxide (Ta 2 O 5 ), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ) or zinc oxide (ZnO x ). ZnO x It may include zinc oxide (ZnO) and / or zinc peroxide (ZnO 2 ).

[0113] The gate electrode GE may be disposed on the first gate insulating layer 213. The gate electrode GE may overlap the channel region. The gate electrode GE may include a low-resistance metal material. The gate electrode GE may include a conductive material including molybdenum (Mo), aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or titanium (Ti), etc., and may be provided as one or more layers including the materials described herein.

[0114] The second gate insulating layer 215 may be disposed on the gate electrode GE and the first gate insulating layer 213. Similar to the first gate insulating layer 213, the second gate insulating layer 215 may include an inorganic insulating material such as, for example, SiO 2 、SiN x 、SiON、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、 2 O 5 , HfO 2 or ZnO x .

[0115] The upper electrode CE2 of the storage capacitor Cst may be disposed on the second gate insulating layer 215. The upper electrode CE2 may overlap the gate electrode GE below the upper electrode CE2. In this case, the gate electrode GE and the upper electrode CE2 overlapping each other (the second gate insulating layer 215 is between the gate electrode GE and the upper electrode CE2) may constitute the storage capacitor Cst. In other words, the gate electrode GE may serve as the lower electrode CE1 of the storage capacitor Cst. In an embodiment, the storage capacitor Cst and the thin film transistor TFT may overlap each other. In some embodiments, the storage capacitor Cst may not overlap the thin film transistor TFT. The upper electrode CE2 may include Al, platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), gold (Au), nickel (Ni), neodymium (Nd), iridium (Ir), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), Mo, Ti, tungsten (W) and / or Cu, and may be one or more layers of the materials described herein.

[0116] The interlayer insulating layer 217 may be disposed on the upper electrode CE2 and the second gate insulating layer 215. The interlayer insulating layer 217 may include SiO 2 、SiN x 、SiON、Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、 2 O 5 , HfO 2 or ZnO x The interlayer insulating layer 217 may be one or more layers including an inorganic insulating material described herein.

[0117] The drain electrode DE and the source electrode SE may be disposed on the interlayer insulating layer 217. Each of the drain electrode DE and the source electrode SE may be electrically connected to the semiconductor layer Act. The drain electrode DE and the source electrode SE may include a material having high conductivity. The drain electrode DE and the source electrode SE may include a conductive material including Mo, Al, Cu, or Ti, etc., and may be provided as one or more layers including the materials described herein. In an embodiment, the drain electrode DE and the source electrode SE may have a multilayer structure of Ti / Al / Ti.

[0118] The organic insulating layer 219 may be disposed on the drain electrode DE, the source electrode SE, and the interlayer insulating layer 217. The organic insulating layer 219 may include an organic insulating material, such as, for example, a general polymer (such as, for example, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS)), a polymer derivative having a phenolic group, an acrylic polymer, an imide polymer, an aryl ether polymer, an amide polymer, a fluorine polymer, a paraxylene polymer, a vinyl alcohol polymer, and any blend thereof. In some embodiments, the organic insulating layer 219 may include a first organic insulating layer and a second organic insulating layer.

[0119] The emission element layer 220 may be disposed on the pixel circuit layer 210. The emission element layer 220 may be disposed on the organic insulating layer 219. The emission element layer 220 may include an emission element that implements a sub-pixel. The emission element may be an organic light emitting diode OLED. The emission element layer 220 may include a first organic light emitting diode, a second organic light emitting diode, and a third organic light emitting diode. For example, in Figure 8 In the embodiment, the organic light emitting diode OLED can realize the third sub-pixel P3.

[0120] The organic light emitting diode OLED may include a pixel electrode 221, an intermediate layer 222, and a counter electrode 223. The pixel electrode 221 may be electrically connected to the thin film transistor TFT through a contact hole defined in the organic insulating layer 219. The pixel electrode 221 may include a conductive oxide such as, for example, indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), zinc oxide (ZnO), indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ), indium gallium oxide (IGO) or aluminum zinc oxide (AZO). In another embodiment, the pixel electrode 221 may include a reflective film containing Ag, Mg, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr or any compound thereof. In another embodiment, the pixel electrode 221 may further include a reflective film composed of ITO, IZO, ZnO or In above / below the reflective film described herein. 2 O 3 For example, the pixel electrode 221 may have a multi-layer structure of ITO / Ag / ITO.

[0121] The pixel defining layer 225 may cover the edge of the pixel electrode 221. The pixel defining layer 225 may have an opening OP. The opening OP may expose the central portion of the pixel electrode 221. The opening OP defined in the pixel defining layer 225 may define an emission area EA of light emitted from the organic light emitting diode OLED. For example, the emission area EA may be defined as the size of the opening OP defined in the pixel defining layer 225. In an embodiment, the pixel defining layer 225 may include an organic material and / or an inorganic material. In an embodiment, the pixel defining layer 225 may be transparent. In some embodiments, the pixel defining layer 225 may include a black matrix. In this case, the pixel defining layer 225 may be opaque.

[0122] The intermediate layer 222 may include a first functional layer 222a, an emission layer 222b, and a second functional layer 222c. The emission layer 222b may include a polymer organic material or a low molecular weight organic material that emits light of a specific color. In an embodiment, at least one of the first functional layer 222a and the second functional layer 222c may be a common layer arranged throughout the display area. For example, the first functional layer 222a may include a hole transport layer, or the first functional layer 222a may include a hole transport layer and a hole injection layer. The second functional layer 222c may include an electron transport layer or an electron injection layer. In some embodiments, the second functional layer 222c may be omitted.

[0123] The counter electrode 223 may be disposed on the emission layer 222b. The counter electrode 223 may include a conductive material having a low work function. For example, the counter electrode 223 may include a (semi) transparent layer including Ag, Mg, Al, Pt, Pd, Au, Ni, Nd, Ir, Cr, Li, Ca or any alloy thereof. Alternatively, the counter electrode 223 may further include a (semi) transparent layer including ITO, IZO, ZnO or In on the (semi) transparent layer including the materials described herein. 2 O 3 layer.

[0124] In some embodiments, a capping layer (not shown) may be further disposed on the counter electrode 223. The capping layer may include lithium fluoride (LiF), an inorganic material, and / or an organic material.

[0125] The encapsulation layer 300L may be disposed on the display layer 200. The encapsulation layer 300L may seal the emission element located on the display layer 200. The encapsulation layer 300L may include at least one inorganic encapsulation layer and at least one organic encapsulation layer. For example, the inorganic encapsulation layer may include Al 2 O 3 、TiO 2 、 2 O 5 、ZnO、SiO2 、SiN x and SiON. For example, the organic encapsulation layer may include a polymer material. For example, the polymer material may include acrylic resin, epoxy resin, polyimide and polyethylene. In an embodiment, at least one organic encapsulation layer may include acrylate. In an embodiment, Figure 8 and Fig.10 As illustrated in , the encapsulation layer 300L may include a first inorganic encapsulation layer 310 , an organic encapsulation layer 320 on the first inorganic encapsulation layer 310 , and a second inorganic encapsulation layer 330 on the organic encapsulation layer 320 .

[0126] The light path control layer 400 may be disposed on the encapsulation layer 300L. The light path control layer 400 may include an electrode line 410 , a first light-shielding line 420 , an organic layer 425 , a second light-shielding line 430 , and an electrode layer 440 .

[0127] The electrode line 410 may be disposed on the encapsulation layer 300L. The electrode line 410 may include a conductive material. In an embodiment, the electrode line 410 may include a transparent conductive material. For example, the electrode line 410 may include a transparent conductive oxide such as, for example, ITO and IZO.

[0128] In an embodiment, the light path control layer 400 may further include a first passivation layer 415 between the electrode line 410 and the first light shielding line 420. The first passivation layer 415 may be disposed on the electrode line 410. The first passivation layer 415 may have a plurality of passivation patterns, and the passivation patterns may be arranged to overlap with the electrode line 410. The passivation patterns may extend in a first direction (e.g., an x ​​direction) to overlap with the electrode line 410. The first passivation layer 415 may include, for example, an inorganic material.

[0129] The first light-shielding line 420 may be disposed on the electrode line 410. In an embodiment, the first light-shielding line 420 may be disposed on the first passivation layer 415. The first light-shielding line 420 may be arranged between the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440 described herein. Although the first light-shielding line 420 is illustrated as a single layer, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto. For example, the first light-shielding line 420 may include one or more layers to adjust the light blocking rate.

[0130] The organic layer 425 may be disposed on the first light-shielding line 420. The organic layer 425 may include a plurality of grooves 425G extending in a second direction (e.g., y direction). In an embodiment, the grooves 425G may be through holes passing through the organic layer 425. In other words, a portion of the upper surface of the first light-shielding line 420 may be exposed through the grooves 425G of the organic layer 425. In an embodiment, the side surface of the organic layer 425 exposed through the grooves 425G may be substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the first light-shielding line 420. In an embodiment, the depth of the grooves 425G of the organic layer 425 may be equal to the thickness of the organic layer 425. The organic layer 425 may include an organic material.

[0131] The second light-shielding line 430 may be disposed on the first light-shielding line 420. The second light-shielding line 430 may be disposed between the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440 described herein. In an embodiment, the groove 425G passes through the organic layer 425 so that the second light-shielding line 430 disposed in the groove 425G may contact the first light-shielding line 420.

[0132] The second light-shielding lines 430 may be respectively arranged in the grooves 425G of the organic layer 425. The second light-shielding lines 430 may be formed by injecting an electrophoretic solution into the grooves 425G of the organic layer 425. Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, the electrophoretic solution may include a transparent fluid 431 and light-shielding particles 432 dispersed in the transparent fluid 431. In other words, the second shading line 430 may include a transparent fluid 431 and light-shielding particles 432. The light-shielding particles 432 may have electrophoretic properties and light blocking (or light absorption) properties. For example, the light-shielding particles 432 may include carbon black, but are not limited thereto. The light-shielding particles 432 may move freely in the transparent fluid 431. In an example in which a voltage is applied between the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440, the light-shielding particles 432 are conductive and may move toward the electrode line 410 in the transparent fluid 431. The transparent fluid 431 may transmit light, flow in the groove 425G, and promote the movement of the light-shielding particles 432.

[0133] refer to Figures 7 to 9 , when no voltage is applied between the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440, since the light-shielding particles 432 included in the second light-shielding line 430 are dispersed in the groove 425G, the light-shielding particles 432 may be dispersed in the form of a line extending in the second direction (e.g., the y direction). Accordingly, the second light-shielding line 430 including the light-shielding particles 432 may extend in the second direction (e.g., the y direction).

[0134] In an embodiment, the light path control layer 400 may further include a capping layer 435 between the second light shielding line 430 and the electrode layer 440. For example, the capping layer 435 may include an organic material or an inorganic material. The capping layer 435 may prevent the electrophoretic solution injected into the groove 425G from overflowing.

[0135] The electrode layer 440 may be disposed on the second light-shielding line 430. The electrode layer 440 may face the electrode line 410, and the second light-shielding line 430 is between the electrode layer 440 and the electrode line 410. The transmittance of the second light-shielding line 430 may change depending on the voltage applied between the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440. In an embodiment, the electrode layer 440 may be disposed on the capping layer 435. In an embodiment, the electrode layer 440 may be in the shape of a single plate disposed on the xy plane. The electrode layer 440 may include a conductive material. In an embodiment, the electrode layer 440 may include a transparent conductive material. For example, the electrode layer 440 may include a transparent conductive oxide, such as, for example, ITO and IZO.

[0136] In an embodiment, the light path control layer 400 may further include a second passivation layer 445 on the electrode layer 440. The second passivation layer 445 may include, for example, an inorganic material.

[0137] The cover window 500 may be disposed on the light path control layer 400. The cover window 500 may include at least one of glass, sapphire, and plastic. For example, the cover window 500 may be ultra-thin glass or colorless polyimide. In an embodiment, the cover window 500 may have a structure in which a flexible polymer layer is disposed on one surface of a glass substrate, or the cover window 500 may have a structure including only a polymer layer.

[0138] Fig.11 In the case where a voltage is applied to the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440 according to an embodiment Figure 4 An enlarged view of some elements in the enlarged area A in FIG. Fig.12 In the case where a voltage is applied to the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440 according to an embodiment Figure 8 Magnified view of area B in FIG.

[0139] refer to Fig.11 and Fig.12 When a voltage is applied between the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440, the light-shielding particles 432 included in the second light-shielding line 430 may move toward the electrode line 410. In other words, the light-shielding particles 432 may move to Figure 74. The electrode line 410 and the second light-shielding line 430 illustrated in FIG. 4 cross each other. Accordingly, the light-shielding particles 432 may be concentrated and arranged in the region overlapping with the electrode line 410. Accordingly, in this example, the second light-shielding line 430 including the light-shielding particles 432 may be arranged in an island shape rather than a line shape in the region overlapping with the electrode line 410.

[0140] In an embodiment, since the first light-shielding line 420 is arranged to overlap with the electrode line 410 and extend in the first direction (e.g., the x-direction), when a voltage is applied between the electrode line 410 and the electrode layer 440, the light-shielding particles 432 of the second light-shielding line 430 may be arranged in a region overlapping with the first light-shielding line 420. Therefore, when the viewing angle restriction in the first direction (e.g., the x-direction) is released, light blocked by the second light-shielding line 430 may be minimized or reduced.

[0141] The display device 1 according to the embodiment may be operated in a first mode in which the left and right viewing angles are limited (e.g., the left and right viewing angles are set to a viewing angle that is less than the maximum allowable viewing angle of the display device 1) or in a second mode in which the left and right viewing angles are not limited (e.g., the left and right viewing angles are set to the maximum allowable viewing angle of the display device 1). In the first mode, a voltage may not be applied to the electrode lines 410 and the electrode layer 440 that face each other with the second shading line 430 between them. In the second mode, a voltage may be applied to the electrode lines 410 and the electrode layer 440 that face each other with the second shading line 430 between them.

[0142] In one or more embodiments, the second light shielding line 430 may be changed into a line shape or an island shape, depending on whether a voltage is applied, thereby controlling the travel of light emitted from the sub-pixel in a first direction (eg, x direction). Figure 7 As shown in FIG. 1 , the second light shielding line 430 may be arranged in the form of a line and may prevent or minimize the travel of light emitted from the sub-pixel in the first direction (eg, the x direction). Fig.11 As illustrated in FIG. 4 , the second light-shielding line 430 may be arranged in an island pattern so that the second light-shielding line 430 overlaps the first light-shielding line 420 and may improve transmittance of light emitted from the sub-pixel in a first direction (eg, x direction).

[0143] In a comparative example, when all of the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer adjacent to the second shading line 430 are in the form of a single plate on the xy plane, in the second mode in which voltage is applied, none of the shading particles 432 of the second shading line 430 overlaps with the first shading line 420, so that the second shading line 430 can have a relatively low transmittance.

[0144] Fig.13is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for Figure 7 The line I-I' in Figure 7 sectional view of the display device 1 in FIG. Fig.13 It is for reference Figures 8 to 10 Modifications of the embodiments are described, and therefore, the differences are mainly described, and redundant descriptions are omitted.

[0145] refer to Fig.13 , the organic layer 425a disposed on the first light-shielding line 420 may include a plurality of grooves 425Ga extending in the second direction (e.g., the y direction). In an embodiment, the groove 425Ga may be formed so that the groove 425Ga does not pass through the organic layer 425a. For example, the upper surface of the organic layer 425a may be recessed due to the groove 425Ga. In other words, in the cross-sectional view, the organic layer 425a may have portions whose upper surfaces have different heights from each other. For example, the organic layer 425a may include a convex portion having an upper surface at a relatively high level and a concave portion having an upper surface at a relatively low level.

[0146] In an embodiment, the depth DP1 of the groove 425Ga may be less than the thickness TH1 of the organic layer 425a. The depth DP1 of the groove 425Ga may be a distance between the upper surface of the convex portion of the organic layer 425a and the upper surface of the concave portion of the organic layer 425a in a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the substrate 100 (e.g., z direction).

[0147] In an embodiment, a side surface of the organic layer 425 a exposed by the groove 425Ga may be inclined with respect to an upper surface of the organic layer 425 a .

[0148] In an embodiment, since the groove 425Ga does not pass through the organic layer 425a, the second light-shielding line 430 disposed in the groove 425Ga may be spaced apart from the first light-shielding line 420 without contacting the first light-shielding line 420. The organic layer 425a may be disposed between the second light-shielding line 430 and the first light-shielding line 420.

[0149] In an embodiment, the electrode layer 440 may be directly disposed on the organic layer 425 a. In other words, the organic layer 425 a and the electrode layer 440 may be in contact with each other. The electrode layer 440 may be directly disposed on the second light-shielding line 430.

[0150] FIG. 14A to FIG. 14G is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing the display device 1 according to the embodiment. FIG. 14A to FIG. 14G Illustration made according to reference Figures 6 to 12 The method of the display device 1 of the embodiment is described. Fig.14A and Fig. 14B Reference edge Figure 7 The line II-II in the Figure 7The manufacturing method is illustrated by taking a cross section of the display device 1 in FIG. 1 , and FIG. 14C to FIG. 14G Reference edge Figure 7 The manufacturing method is illustrated by taking a cross section of the display device 1 taken along line II′ in FIG.

[0151] refer to Fig.14A and Fig. 14B The method may include forming a pixel circuit layer 210 (see Figure 8 ) and the emission element layer 220 (see Figure 8 ) of the display layer 200 (see Figure 8 ), and the method may include forming an encapsulation layer 300L on the display layer 200.

[0152] Next, if Fig.14A As illustrated in FIG. 1 , the method may include forming preliminary electrode lines 410P, preliminary passivation layers 415P, and preliminary first light-shielding lines 420P on the encapsulation layer 300L such that the preliminary electrode lines 410P, the preliminary passivation layers 415P, and the preliminary first light-shielding lines 420P are sequentially stacked.

[0153] The preliminary electrode lines 410P may include a conductive material. In an embodiment, the preliminary electrode lines 410P may include a transparent conductive material. For example, the preliminary electrode lines 410P may include a transparent conductive oxide such as, for example, ITO and IZO.

[0154] The preliminary passivation layer 415P may include, for example, an inorganic material.

[0155] The initial first light-shielding line 420P may include a light-shielding material. For example, the initial first light-shielding line 420P may include a black matrix. For example, the initial first light-shielding line 420P may include a black dye, such as carbon black.

[0156] Next, if Fig. 14B , the method may include forming a plurality of electrode lines 410, a first passivation layer 415, and a plurality of first light-shielding lines 420. The method may include simultaneously etching initial electrode lines 410P, initial passivation layers 415P, and initial first light-shielding lines 420P in association with forming a plurality of electrode lines 410, a first passivation layer 415, and a plurality of first light-shielding lines 420. Accordingly, the electrode lines 410, the first passivation layer 415, and the first light-shielding lines 420 may extend in a first direction (e.g., an x-direction), and may be arranged to overlap each other.

[0157] exist Fig.14A and Fig. 14BIn the manufacturing method according to the embodiment, the method may include sequentially stacking the initial electrode line 410P, the initial passivation layer 415P and the initial first light-shielding line 420P on the encapsulation layer 300L, and simultaneously etching the initial electrode line 410P, the initial passivation layer 415P and the initial first light-shielding line 420P to form the electrode line 410, the first passivation layer 415 and the first light-shielding line 420. However, one or more embodiments are not limited thereto.

[0158] In another embodiment, the method may include forming the electrode line 410 on the encapsulation layer 300L by a sputtering process without forming the initial electrode line 410P. Next, the method may include forming an initial passivation layer 415P and an initial first light-shielding line 420P on the electrode line 410. The method may include removing a portion of the initial passivation layer 415P and the initial first light-shielding line 420P in association with forming a first passivation layer 415 and a first light-shielding line 420 that overlap the electrode line 410 and extend in a first direction (e.g., an x-direction). The process of removing a portion of the initial passivation layer 415P and the initial first light-shielding line 420P may be, for example, an etching process.

[0159] refer to Fig. 14C The method may include forming an organic layer 425 on the first light-shielding line 420. In an embodiment, the organic layer 425 may be completely cured.

[0160] refer to Fig.14D , the method may include forming a groove 425G extending in a second direction (e.g., y direction) intersecting the first direction (e.g., x direction) on the organic layer 425. In other words, the groove 425G may be formed such that the groove 425G extends in a direction intersecting the electrode line 410 and the first light-shielding line 420. The groove 425G may be formed such that the groove 425G passes through the organic layer 425.

[0161] In an embodiment, the method may include forming a groove 425G of the organic layer 425 by etching the organic layer 425. The etching process may be, for example, a dry etching process. Because the groove 425G of the organic layer 425 is formed by the dry etching process, the side surface of the organic layer 425 exposed by the groove 425G may be substantially perpendicular to the upper surface of the first light-shielding line 420.

[0162] refer to Fig.14E , the method may include forming the second light-shielding line 430 by injecting an electrophoretic solution into the groove 425G.

[0163] Because the groove 425G of the organic layer 425 extends in a direction intersecting the electrode line 410 and the first light-shielding line 420, the second light-shielding line 430 formed in the groove 425G can be formed so that the second light-shielding line 430 extends in a second direction (for example, the y direction) intersecting the electrode line 410 and the first light-shielding line 420.

[0164] In an embodiment, since the groove 425G of the organic layer 425 passes through the organic layer 425 , the second light-shielding line 430 formed in the groove 425G may contact the first light-shielding line 420 .

[0165] like Fig. 9 As illustrated in FIG. 4 , the electrophoretic solution injected into the groove 425G of the organic layer 425 may include a transparent fluid 431 and light-shielding particles 432 dispersed in the transparent fluid 431 .

[0166] refer to Fig.14F The method may include forming a capping layer 435 on the organic layer 425 and the second light-shielding line 430. The capping layer 435 may include an organic material or an inorganic material. For example, forming the capping layer 435 may include coating and curing an organic material.

[0167] refer to Figure 14G , the method may include forming an electrode layer 440 on the capping layer 435. The electrode layer 440 may be formed so that the electrode layer 440 faces the electrode line 410, and the second shielding line 430 is between the electrode layer 440 and the electrode line 410. In an embodiment, the method may include forming the electrode layer 440 in the shape of a single plate arranged on the xy plane. The electrode layer 440 may include a conductive material. In an embodiment, the electrode layer 440 may include a transparent conductive material. For example, the electrode layer 440 may include a transparent conductive oxide, such as, for example, ITO and IZO.

[0168] Next, refer to Figure 8 , the method may include forming a cover window 500 on the electrode layer 440. In an embodiment, before forming the cover window 500, the method may include forming a second passivation layer 445 on the electrode layer 440. The second passivation layer 445 may be formed between the electrode layer 440 and the cover window 500.

[0169] FIG. 15A to FIG. 15D is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing the display device 1 according to another embodiment. FIG. 15A to FIG. 15D Illustration made according to reference Fig.13 A method of displaying the apparatus 1 according to another embodiment is described. FIG. 15A to FIG. 15D Reference edge Figure 7 The line I-I' in Figure 7 The manufacturing method is illustrated by a cross section of the display device 1 in FIG. FIG. 15A to FIG. 15D In the method of manufacturing the element below the organic layer 425a, the method of manufacturing the element below the organic layer 425a can be the same as that of the reference Fig.14A and Fig. 14B The methods described are the same and descriptions of repeated elements are omitted for brevity.

[0170] refer to Fig.15A The method may include forming an organic layer 425a on the first light-shielding line 420. In an embodiment, the organic layer 425a may be in a pre-cured state.

[0171] refer to Fig. 15B , the method may include forming a groove 425Ga on the organic layer 425a. The groove 425Ga may extend in a second direction (e.g., y direction) intersecting the first direction (e.g., x direction). In other words, the groove 425Ga may be formed so that the groove 425Ga extends in a direction intersecting the electrode line 410 and the first light-shielding line 420.

[0172] In an embodiment, the method may include forming a groove 425Ga of the organic layer 425a by an embossing process. For example, the organic layer 425a may be in a pre-cured state, and the method may include pressing the organic layer 425a with an embossing mold in association with forming the groove 425Ga in the organic layer 425a. Accordingly, in a cross-sectional view, the organic layer 425a may include portions whose upper surfaces have heights different from each other. For example, the organic layer 425a may include a convex portion having an upper surface at a relatively high level, and the organic layer 425a may include a concave portion having an upper surface at a relatively low level. In an embodiment, the method may include forming the groove 425Ga so that the depth DP1 of the groove 425Ga is less than the thickness TH1 of the organic layer 425a.

[0173] In an embodiment, since the groove 425Ga is formed through an imprinting process, a side surface of the organic layer 425 a exposed by the groove 425Ga may be inclined with respect to an upper surface of the organic layer 425 a .

[0174] refer to Fig. 15C , the method may include forming a second light-shielding line 430 by injecting an electrophoretic solution into the groove 425Ga.

[0175] Because the groove 425Ga of the organic layer 425a extends in a direction intersecting the electrode line 410 and the first shading line 420, the second shading line 430 formed in the groove 425Ga can be formed so that the second shading line 430 extends in a second direction (for example, the y direction) intersecting the electrode line 410 and the first shading line 420.

[0176] In an embodiment, Fig. 15CAs illustrated in FIG. 4 , since the depth DP1 of the groove 425Ga formed in the organic layer 425a is less than the thickness TH1 of the organic layer 425a, the second light-shielding line 430 formed in the groove 425Ga may be spaced apart from the first light-shielding line 420 without contacting it.

[0177] like Fig. 9 As illustrated in FIG. 4 , the electrophoretic solution injected into the groove 425Ga of the organic layer 425 a may include a transparent fluid 431 and light-shielding particles 432 dispersed in the transparent fluid 431 .

[0178] refer to Fig.15D , the method may include directly forming an electrode layer 440 on the organic layer 425a and the second light-shielding line 430. In other words, the organic layer 425a and the second light-shielding line 430 may be in contact with the electrode layer 440. In an embodiment, since the organic layer 425a is in a pre-cured state, the electrode layer 440 may be directly formed on the organic layer 425a. The electrode layer 440 may be formed so that the electrode layer 440 faces the electrode line 410, and the second light-shielding line 430 is between the electrode layer 440 and the electrode line 410. In an embodiment, the electrode layer 440 may be formed in the shape of a single plate arranged on the xy plane. The electrode layer 440 may include a conductive material. In an embodiment, the electrode layer 440 may include a transparent conductive material. For example, the electrode layer 440 may include a transparent conductive oxide, such as, for example, ITO and IZO.

[0179] Next, refer to Fig.13 , after the organic layer 425a is completely cured, the method may include forming a cover window 500 on the electrode layer 440. In an embodiment, before forming the cover window 500, the method may include forming a second passivation layer 445 on the electrode layer 440. The method may include forming the second passivation layer 445 between the electrode layer 440 and the cover window 500.

[0180] In the description of the methods and processes herein, operations may be performed in an order different from that illustrated and / or described, or operations may be performed in a different order or at different times. Specific operations may also be excluded from the methods and processes, one or more operations may be repeated, or other operations may be added. According to the example aspects described herein, descriptions such as elements "may be set" and "may be formed" include methods, processes and techniques for setting, forming, positioning and modifying elements, etc.

[0181] The display device according to the embodiment may include a first shading line extending in a first direction and a second shading line extending in a second direction intersecting the first direction. Accordingly, in the display device, while controlling the left and right angles, the upper and lower viewing angles are limited in association with preventing the image from being reflected from the vehicle window. However, this effect is an example, and the scope of one or more embodiments is not limited thereby.

[0182] It should be understood that the embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense and not for limiting purposes. The description of features or aspects within each embodiment should generally be considered as other similar features or aspects that can be used in other embodiments. Although one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and detail can be made in one or more embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: A substrate, comprising a display area and a peripheral area arranged outside the display area; a display layer, wherein in the display region, the display layer includes an emitting element; An encapsulation layer, covering the display layer; An electrode line, on the packaging layer, the electrode line extending in a first direction; a first light-shielding line on the electrode line, wherein the first light-shielding line extends in the first direction, overlaps with the electrode line, and includes a light-shielding material; a second light-shielding line on the first light-shielding line, wherein the second light-shielding line extends in a second direction crossing the first direction and includes an electrophoretic solution; and The electrode layer is on the second shading line.

2. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The electrophoretic solution includes a transparent fluid and light-shielding particles dispersed in the transparent fluid.

3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The width of the second light-shielding line is greater than the width of the first light-shielding line.

4. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising: an organic layer, on the first shading line, the organic layer comprising a groove extending in the second direction, The second light-shielding line is arranged in the groove of the organic layer.

5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein: The groove passes through the organic layer.

6. The display device according to claim 4, wherein: The depth of the groove is smaller than the thickness of the organic layer.

7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The second light-shielding line contacts the first light-shielding line.

8. The display device according to claim 1, wherein: The second light-shielding line is spaced apart from the first light-shielding line.

9. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: The capping layer is between the second shading line and the electrode layer.

10. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising: A passivation layer is between the first light-shielding lines and the electrode lines.

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