Cultivation method for interplanting adinandra millettii in moso bamboo forest

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation method for interplanting adinandra millettii under a moso bamboo forest, which comprises the following steps: S1, adjusting the stand structure of the moso bamboo forest, planning an adinandra millettii planting belt in the forest land, and reducing the retention density of the moso bamboo forest; s2, preparing leaf mold by utilizing litters in the forest, fertilizing the forest land before the adinandra millettii is transplanted, and spraying an insect-resistant agent; s3, block-shaped soil preparation and hole digging; s4, selecting high-quality adinandra millettii seedlings of more than two years for transplanting; and S5, performing subsequent management. According to the method, through adjustment and reasonable composite operation of the stand structure of the moso bamboo forest, the illumination and soil conditions of the moso bamboo forest land are greatly improved, the under-forest biodiversity and the soil and water conservation capacity can be improved, meanwhile, the economic benefits of the moso bamboo forest are improved, and the method is suitable for transformation of the low-quality and low-efficiency moso bamboo forest.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of interplanting, and in particular to a cultivation method of interplanting poplar and tung trees under a bamboo forest. Background Art

[0002] Moso bamboo is the most important bamboo species with the largest cultivated area in my country, accounting for 72.96% of the total bamboo forest area in the country. Since the 1970s, people have been pursuing dense, neat, tall, strong and uniform management methods, transforming mixed bamboo forests into pure bamboo forests, and cutting down understory shrubs and grasses, implementing high-intensity management, which has led to the gradual decline of bamboo forests. However, in recent years, due to the decline in its economic benefits, a large number of bamboo forests are in extensive management or no management, making the degradation of bamboo forests more prominent, resulting in a large number of low-quality and low-efficiency bamboo forests, which are mainly manifested in growth decline, decreased bamboo shoots, decreased thickness of new bamboos, low quality, low diversity of understory plants, serious soil erosion, and low ecological functions. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the forest structure of existing low-quality and low-efficiency bamboo forests, carry out composite management of bamboo forests, and achieve the coordinated improvement of economic and ecological benefits to achieve sustainable management of bamboo forests. At present, some research and practice related to the composite management of bamboo forests have been carried out in China. When planting bamboo, appropriate interplanting of shade-tolerant plants can effectively increase the diversity of bamboo forest understory plants and make the vertical structure of the forest more diverse. The study found that the vertical structure of bamboo and evergreen (deciduous) broad-leaved mixed forests is relatively complex, with greater species richness and coverage. The canopy interception, litter water holding capacity and soil water storage function are all higher than those of pure bamboo forests and bamboo and fir mixed forests. In conclusion, adjusting the bamboo mixed forest can effectively improve the plant diversity of bamboo forest, increase the understory cover, and reduce soil erosion. However, most of the current research on interplanting economic plants under bamboo forest mainly focuses on its economic benefits, while ignoring the ecological benefits. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the biodiversity and soil and water conservation capacity of the understory through measures such as forest structure adjustment and understory plant configuration, so as to achieve a synergistic improvement of economic and ecological benefits while improving the economic benefits of bamboo forests. Summary of the invention

[0003] Technical problem to be solved: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cultivation method for interplanting poplar and tung oil trees under a bamboo forest, which can transform low-quality and low-efficiency bamboo forests, develop forest economy, and increase economic benefits while improving the ecological benefits of bamboo forests.

[0004] Technical solution: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil trees under a bamboo forest, comprising the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and the rows of poplar and tung trees will be planned along the contour lines of the hillside. The bamboo planting belt will be retained, and all the bamboos in the planting rows will be felled. The bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the density of the bamboo forest. S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus, dig deep and level the soil, harrow it and keep it naturally for 15-25 days; Secondary cultivation: Cover the planting row with a layer of 3-7cm thick organic fertilizer after the initial cultivation, then reclaim the land and keep it naturally for 10-20 days; Secondary cultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with the same weight of water, spray it evenly on the entire forest soil, keep it naturally for 5-10 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 10-15 times and spray it to fertilize the forest land; S3. Digging holes: Plan the planting sites of tung oil trees in the planting rows, use block land preparation and digging holes, and remove all bamboo baskets at the planting sites; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the tung tree is planted and survived, the tung tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the height of the remaining tung tree is 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting row are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos on the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest. Preferably, the width of the tung tree planting row in step S1 is 2.5-3.5m, and the width of the bamboo planting belt is 1.5-2.5m. Preferably, the retention density of the bamboo forest in steps S1 and S5 is 2000 to 2400 plants / hm2. 2 . Preferably, the method for preparing leaf mold in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, add gypsum, and mix well; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over every 1 to 2 months and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 3 to 5 days, turning it over frequently during this period, to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Preferably, the ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil in step S11 is 1:3-4:6-9. Preferably, the pH value of the leaf mold in step S2 is 5.5-6.5. Preferably, the organic fertilizer described in step S2 is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash, and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash, and medicinal residues is 10:5-7:3-5, and the fermentation time is 5-7 days. Preferably, the spraying amount of the farmyard manure described in step S2 is 200-300 kg / 667 m 2 , and the spraying amount of the Beauveria bassiana preparation is 30-50 ml / 667 m 2 . Preferably, the plant spacing of the planting points of Cleyera japonica Thunb. in step S3 is 2.5-3.5 m, and the hole specifications are 55-65 in length × 55-65 in width × 45-55 cm in depth. Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following characteristics: The cultivation method of interplanting Cleyera japonica Thunb. under the Phyllostachys edulis forest described in the present invention adjusts the stand structure of the low-quality and low-efficiency Phyllostachys edulis forest, and interplants Cleyera japonica Thunb. in the planting rows of the Phyllostachys edulis forest, realizing the plant diversity and ecological service functions under the Phyllostachys edulis forest and improving economic benefits. Long-term high-intensity management under the forest has led to a sharp reduction in the species diversity of understory plants in pure Phyllostachys edulis forests, and the hierarchical structure of the forest community has become increasingly simplified. In particular, the tall arbor layer has gradually decreased or even disappeared, and the species diversity of the shrub layer has also been affected. By mixing Phyllostachys edulis with broad-leaved forests and restoring vegetation, the diversity of understory plants can be increased, and soil erosion can be prevented, thereby achieving the effect of water and soil conservation. In addition, the litter volume of pure Phyllostachys edulis forests is 38.71% less than that of Phyllostachys edulis-broad-leaved forest mixed stands. The decaying vegetation litter increases the content of organic matter in the soil, improves the fertility of the soil, and the change of soil physical and chemical properties enhances the soil's ability to resist erosion. The growth of grass and shrub vegetation can effectively increase the surface vegetation area, reduce the soil exposure area, enhance the soil's anti-scouring ability and water storage capacity, cut down the overland flow, and more importantly, the grass and shrub vegetation slows down the oncoming flood, reduces the kinetic energy of the flood, reduces the flood erosion intensity, increases the resistance of the overland flow movement, and effectively reduces soil erosion. Cleyera japonica Thunb. is a relatively common broad-leaved forest species in southern China. It has strong adaptability and can grow under various soil and climate conditions. It has good adaptability to sunny places and has good medicinal and economic values. Cleyera japonica Thunb. has developed roots, likes humidity and shade, and likes fertilizer. Interplanting Cleyera japonica Thunb. under the Phyllostachys edulis forest can create favorable conditions for the growth of Cleyera japonica Thunb. using the shade of Phyllostachys edulis, and the decaying vegetation litter can also increase the content of organic matter in the soil, improve the fertility of the soil, and promote the growth of Cleyera japonica Thunb. The branches of Cleyera japonica Thunb. are mainly used for export. After entering the full production period, the annual output value of Cleyera japonica Thunb. can reach 4.8 million. In the current situation where the market price of Phyllostachys edulis is low and the operating cost is high, this interplanting cultivation method can not only make full use of the Phyllostachys edulis forest land, but also greatly improve the economic benefits of forest farmers. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects: The present invention greatly improves the light and soil conditions of the bamboo forest through adjusting the bamboo forest stand structure, increases the diversity of plants under the bamboo forest, and enhances its ecological service function. The invention uses the fallen leaves in the forest to prepare leaf mold, and uses the leaf mold to fertilize the poplar-tung tree planting belt, thereby realizing the rational use of the fallen leaves and being able to effectively promote the growth of the poplar-tung tree. The invention takes into account the ecological characteristics of the poplar and tung trees that they like shade, utilizes the shade of bamboo to create favorable conditions for the growth of the poplar and tung trees, fully utilizes the forestland resources of low-quality and low-efficiency bamboo forests, and improves the economic benefits of forest farmers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 This is a diagram of the afforestation model of the composite management of bamboo and tung oil palm. Figure 2 This is a comparison of the understory plant diversity between pure bamboo forest and bamboo-Poplar and Paulownia composite management. DETAILED DESCRIPTION In order to further understand the present invention, preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in conjunction with examples. Specific preferred examples are as follows: Embodiment 1: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 2.5m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line. A 1.5m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 5.5. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 2.5 m in the planting row, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60 cm long × 60 cm wide × 50 cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Embodiment 2: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 3m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 2m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 5.5. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 3m, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60cm long × 60cm wide × 50cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Embodiment 3: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 3.5m wide row of poplar and tung trees will be planned along the hillside contour line. A 2.5m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 5.5. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2, keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 3.5 m in the planting row, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60 cm long × 60 cm wide × 50 cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Embodiment 4: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 3m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 2m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 6.0. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 3m, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60cm long × 60cm wide × 50cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:8, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Embodiment 5: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 3m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 2m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 6.5. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 3m, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60cm long × 60cm wide × 50cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:4:9, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Embodiment 6: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 3m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 2m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Primary cultivation: Cover the planting rows with 8 - 12 cm thick leaf mold soil with a pH value of 5.5. After deep digging, level and rake the soil finely, and keep it natural for 20 days; Re - cultivation: Cover a layer of 3 - 7 cm organic fertilizer on the planting rows after primary cultivation. The organic fertilizer is made by fermenting poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues, and the ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:5:3. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then reclamation is carried out and kept natural for 15 days; Re - cultivation again: Mix farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and spray it evenly on the whole forest land soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250 kg / 667m 2 , keep it natural for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times and spray it. The spraying amount is 40 ml / 667m 2 , thus becoming a fertilized forest land; S3. Digging holes: Plan the planting points of Adinandra millettii with a plant spacing of 3 m in the planting rows. Use block - shaped land preparation and dig holes. The hole specifications are 60 (length) × 60 (width) × 50 cm (depth). When encountering bamboo stumps at the planting points, all are dug out; S4. Transplanting: Select high - quality Adinandra millettii seedlings over 2 years old and transplant them into the planting holes according to the conventional method; S5. Management: In the year when the Adinandra millettii planting survives, cut the Adinandra millettii seedlings from late December to mid - January of the next year, leaving a stem height of 0.8 - 1.2 m. Every year from March to April, remove all the newly emerged Phyllostachys edulis shoots in the planting rows and remove 80 - 90% of the newly emerged Phyllostachys edulis shoots in the reserved belt. At the same time, thin the Phyllostachys edulis in the reserved belt every 2 - 3 years to maintain the retention density of the Phyllostachys edulis forest at 2000 - 2400 plants / hm 2 ; The preparation method of the leaf mold soil described in step S2 includes the following steps: S11. Collect the forest land litter and crush it, mix it with the forest land soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. Pile up the mixture to make a concave shape in the center of the pile, add manure urine to wet it, and cover it with grass for fermentation. Turn it over once every month and add water to keep it moist until the litter is decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, and often turn it over during this period to eliminate the germs and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain the leaf mold soil. Example 7: A cultivation method for interplanting Adinandra millettii under Phyllostachys edulis forest includes the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: Completely cut down the larger Phyllostachys edulis individuals with a bamboo age of more than 3 years. Plan a 3 - m - wide Adinandra millettii planting row along the contour line of the hillside, and keep a 2 - m - wide Phyllostachys edulis planting belt. Cut down all the Phyllostachys edulis in the planting row, and carry out tip - cutting treatment on the Phyllostachys edulis in the reserved belt to reduce the retention density of the Phyllostachys edulis forest to 2000 - 2400 plants / hm2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial fertilization: Cover the planting rows with 8 - 12 cm thick leaf mold soil, the pH value of the leaf mold soil is 5.5. After deep digging, level and rake the soil finely, and keep it natural for 20 days; Re - fertilization: Cover a layer of 3 - 7 cm thick organic fertilizer on the planting rows after initial fertilization. The organic fertilizer is made by fermenting poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:7:5, and the fermentation time is 6 days. Then, reclaim the land and keep it natural for 15 days; Re - fertilization again: Mix farmyard manure with the same weight of water and spray it evenly on the whole forest land soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250 kg / 667m 2 , keep it natural for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation by 15 times and spray it. The spraying amount is 40 ml / 667m 2 , thus forming a fertilized forest land; S3. Digging holes: Plan the planting points of Cleyera japonica with a plant spacing of 3 m in the planting rows. Use block - shaped land preparation and dig holes. The hole specifications are 60 (length) × 60 (width) × 50 cm (depth). When encountering bamboo stumps at the planting points, all of them should be dug out; S4. Transplanting: Select high - quality Cleyera japonica seedlings over 2 years old and transplant them into the planting holes according to the conventional method; S5. Management: In the year when the Cleyera japonica planting survives, in the middle and late December to mid - January of the next year, conduct pole - cutting treatment on the Cleyera japonica seedlings, keep the pole height at 0.8 - 1.2 m. In March - April of each subsequent year, remove all the newly - grown Moso bamboo shoots in the planting rows and remove 80 - 90% of the newly - grown Moso bamboo shoots in the reserved belt. At the same time, conduct repeated thinning on the Moso bamboos in the reserved belt every 2 - 3 years to maintain the retention density of the Moso bamboo forest at 2000 - 2400 plants / hm 2 ; The preparation method of the leaf mold soil described in step S2 includes the following steps: S11. Collect the forest land litter and crush it, mix it with the forest land soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. Pile up the mixture to make a concave shape in the center of the pile, add manure and urine to wet it, and cover it with grass for fermentation. Turn it over once every month and add water to keep it moist until the litter is decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, and often turn it over during this period to eliminate the germs and insect eggs in the soil, thus obtaining the leaf mold soil. To further illustrate the technical effects of the present invention, the present invention also sets a comparative example, which is specifically as follows: Comparative example 1: A cultivation method of pure Moso bamboo forest, including the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 years old will be removed, and the bamboos will be tipped to reduce the density of the bamboo forest to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the forest with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 5.5. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the forest land after initial cultivation with a layer of 3-7 cm of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then reclaim the land and keep it naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Management: Remove 80-90% of the newly grown bamboo shoots in the forest in March and April every year, and thin the bamboos every 2-3 years to maintain a bamboo forest density of 2,000-2,400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Comparative Example 2: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 2m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 1m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 5.5. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 2m, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60cm long × 60cm wide × 50cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Comparative Example 3: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 4m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 3m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2.2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial fertilization: Cover the planting row with 8 - 12 cm thick leaf mold soil, the pH value of the leaf mold soil is 5.5. After deep digging, level and rake the soil finely, and keep it naturally for 20 days; Re - fertilization: Cover a layer of 3 - 7 cm of organic fertilizer on the planting row after initial fertilization. The organic fertilizer is made by fermenting poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4, and the fermentation time is 6 days. Then, reclaim the land and keep it naturally for 15 days; Re - fertilization again: Mix farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and spray it evenly on the whole forest land soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250 kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation by 15 times and spray it. The spraying amount is 40 ml / 667m 2 , thus forming a fertilized forest land; S3. Digging holes: Plan the planting points of Cleyera japonica with a plant spacing of 4 m in the planting row. Use block - shaped land preparation and dig holes. The hole specification is 60 (length) × 60 (width) × 50 cm (depth). When encountering bamboo stumps at the planting points, all of them should be dug out; S4. Transplanting: Select high - quality Cleyera japonica seedlings over 2 years old and transplant them into the planting holes according to the conventional method; S5. Management: In the year when the Cleyera japonica planting survives, in the middle and late December to mid - January of the next year, cut the Cleyera japonica seedlings, leaving a stem height of 0.8 - 1.2 m. Every year from March to April, remove all the newly - grown Phyllostachys edulis shoots in the planting row and remove 80 - 90% of the newly - grown Phyllostachys edulis shoots in the reserved belt. At the same time, thin the Phyllostachys edulis in the reserved belt every 2 - 3 years to maintain the retention density of the Phyllostachys edulis forest at 2000 - 2400 plants / hm 2 ; The preparation method of the leaf mold soil described in step S2 includes the following steps: S11. Collect the forest land litter and crush it, mix it with the forest land soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. Pile up the mixture to make a concave shape in the center of the pile, add manure urine to wet it, and cover it with grass for fermentation. Turn it over every 1 month and add water to keep it moist until the litter is decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, and often turn it over during this period to eliminate the germs and insect eggs in the soil, thus obtaining the leaf mold soil. Control example 4: A cultivation method for interplanting Cleyera japonica under Phyllostachys edulis forest, including the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 3m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 2m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 5.0. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:6:4. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 3m, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60cm long × 60cm wide × 50cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:2:4, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Comparative Example 5: A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest comprises the following steps: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and a 3m wide poplar-tung tree planting row will be planned along the hillside contour line, and a 2m wide bamboo planting belt will be retained. All bamboos in the planting row will be felled, and the bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the bamboo forest retention density to 2000-2400 hm2. 2 ; S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf humus with a pH value of 5.5. After deep digging, level and harrow the soil and keep it naturally for 20 days. Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a 3-7 cm layer of organic fertilizer, which is fermented from poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues. The ratio of poultry manure, plant ash and medicinal residues is 10:3:1. The fermentation time is 6 days, and then recultivate and keep naturally for 15 days. Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with an equal weight of water and evenly spray it on the entire forest soil. The spraying amount of farmyard manure is 250kg / 667m 2 , keep it naturally for 8 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 15 times for spraying, with a spraying amount of 40ml / 667m 2 , becoming fertile forest land; S3. Digging holes: At the planting site of the tung tree with a planned spacing of 3m, block land preparation and digging holes were used. The hole specifications were 60cm long × 60cm wide × 50cm deep. All bamboo baskets were dug out at the planting site; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the shoots of the poplar-tree seedlings are cut from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, and the shoot height is kept at 0.8-1.2m. In March and April of each year, all the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80-90% of the newly sprouted bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2-3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest at 2000-2400 plants hm2. 2 ; The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, and add gypsum. The ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3:6, and mix and stir evenly; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over once every month and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 4 days, turning it over frequently during this period to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold. Planting and management were carried out according to the cultivation methods of the embodiments and comparative examples, and the diversity index and economic benefits of the understory plants were calculated, as shown in Tables 1-4. Table 1 Plant diversity index of understory in pure bamboo forest and bamboo-Poplar-Tung complex management Table 2 Effects of different planting densities on understory plant diversity index and economic benefits of bamboo-Poplar-Tung complex management Table 3 Effects of different pH values ​​of leaf mold on plant diversity index under the bamboo-Poplar-Tung complex forest Table 4 Effects of different organic fertilizer compositions on understory plant diversity index and economic benefits of bamboo-Poplar-Tung complex management Description of each index in the table: Simpson index: The Simpson index reflects the relative abundance of different species in a sample. The larger the Simpson index value, the lower the community diversity and the more uneven the community. Shannon Index: It is an indicator to measure the species richness and evenness in an ecosystem. The higher the Shannon Index, the more evenly the relative abundance of species is distributed. Chao Index: A diversity estimation index based on the abundance distribution of individual species in a sample. The higher the Chao Index, the greater the species richness. Pielou evenness index: used to measure the relative species richness in a community and to indicate the evenness of species distribution. The higher the Pielou evenness index, the more evenly species are distributed. In summary, the present invention achieves the improvement of economic benefits of low-quality and low-efficiency bamboo forests through adjustment of bamboo forest stand structure and reasonable compound management, while increasing the diversity of plants under the bamboo forest and enhancing its ecological service function.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for interplanting tung oil palm under a bamboo forest, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Stand structure adjustment: All bamboos older than 3 degrees old will be felled, and the rows of poplar and tung trees will be planned along the contour lines of the hillside. The bamboo planting belt will be retained, and all the bamboos in the planting rows will be felled. The bamboos in the retained belt will be hooked to reduce the density of the bamboo forest. S2. Forest land fertilization: Initial cultivation: Cover the planting row with 8-12cm thick leaf mold, dig deep, level and rake the soil, and keep it naturally for 15-25 days; Recultivation: Cover the planting row after the initial cultivation with a layer of 3-7 cm of organic fertilizer, then recultivate and keep it naturally for 10-20 days; Recultivation: Mix the farmyard manure with water of the same weight, spray it evenly on the entire forest soil, keep it naturally for 5 to 10 days, and dilute the Beauveria bassiana preparation 10 to 15 times, spray it, and use it to fertilize the forest land; S3. Digging holes: Plan the planting sites of tung oil trees in the planting rows, use block land preparation and digging holes, and remove all bamboo baskets at the planting sites; S4. Transplantation: Select high-quality 2-year-old large seedlings of tung oil tree and transplant them into the planting holes according to conventional methods; S5. Management: In the year when the poplar-tree seedlings survive, the poplar-tree seedlings are pruned from mid-to-late December to mid-January of the following year, leaving the stems at a height of 0.8 to 1.2 m. In March and April of each year thereafter, all new bamboo shoots in the planting rows are removed, and 80 to 90% of the new bamboo shoots in the retention belt are removed. At the same time, the bamboos in the retention belt are repeatedly thinned every 2 to 3 years to maintain the retention density of the bamboo forest.

2. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil palm under bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the width of the Paulownia affine planting row is 2.5 to 3.5 m, and the width of the Moso bamboo planting belt is 1.5 to 2.5 m.

3. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil palm under bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The retention density of the bamboo forest in steps S1 and S5 is 2000 to 2400 plants hm2. 2 .

4. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil palm under bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of leaf mold described in step S2 comprises the following steps: S11. Collect and crush forest litter, mix with forest soil, add gypsum, and mix well; S12. The mixture is piled up so that the center of the pile is concave, and manure is added to wet it, and it is covered with grass for fermentation. The mixture is turned over every 1 to 2 months and water is added to keep it moist until the dead leaves are decomposed; S13. Expose the decomposed soil to the sun for 3 to 5 days, turning it over frequently during this period, to kill pathogens and insect eggs in the soil, and obtain leaf mold.

5. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil trees under bamboo forests according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step S11, the ratio of gypsum, sulfur powder, litter and soil is 1:3-4:6-9.

6. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil trees under bamboo forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pH value of the leaf mold in step S2 is 5.5-6.

5.

7. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil palm under bamboo forest according to claim 1, characterized in that: The organic fertilizer in step S2 is fermented from poultry manure, wood ash and medicinal residues, the ratio of poultry manure, wood ash and medicinal residues is 10:5-7:3-5, and the fermentation time is 5-7 days.

8. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil trees under bamboo forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying amount of farmyard manure in step S2 is 200-300 kg / 667 m 2 The spraying amount of Beauveria bassiana preparation is 30~50ml / 667m 2 .

9. The cultivation method of interplanting tung oil trees under bamboo forests according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the spacing between the tung trees is 2.5 to 3.5 m, and the hole specifications are 55 to 65 cm long, 55 to 65 cm wide, and 45 to 55 cm deep.

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