Annual multi-round breeding method for cut-flower roses and application

Abstract

The invention relates to an annual multi-round breeding method for cut-flower roses, and belongs to the technical field of flower breeding. The method comprises the following steps: establishing a cut-flower rose germplasm resource library, and collecting and recording character information of each variety; selecting a high-affinity parent according to a breeding target; the illumination, the temperature, the humidity and the carbon dioxide concentration are regulated and controlled through the intelligent greenhouse environment control system; a water and fertilizer integrated circulating irrigation system is adopted to control the EC value and the pH value of the nutrient solution; hybridizing the parent Chinese roses to obtain hybrid seeds; performing seedling raising and seedling management on the hybrid seeds; and screening and identifying filial generations to obtain a new variety conforming to a breeding target. Through the intelligent environment control and water and fertilizer integrated system, multi-round cross breeding all the year round is achieved, the breeding period is remarkably shortened, the cross success rate and the resource utilization rate are increased, the new variety of cut-flower roses with unique flower color, flower type and disease resistance can be rapidly bred, and the market requirement is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of flower breeding, and particularly relates to a method for multi-round annual breeding of cut roses and its application. Background Art

[0002] As one of the most important fresh cut flower varieties globally, cut roses dominate the flower market with their elegant flower shapes, rich colors, and long vase life. With the increasing demand for flower variety diversity among consumers, the market's need for new rose varieties with unique flower colors (such as rare colors like blue and black), novel flower shapes (such as double petals and single petals), and different floral fragrance characteristics has become more urgent. Currently, cross-breeding is the main method for breeding new cut rose varieties, but traditional methods have significant limitations: restricted by seasons, only 1 - 2 rounds of hybridization can be carried out each year, and it usually takes 4 - 6 years or even longer to obtain a new variety with stable inheritance from sowing hybrid seeds. In addition, the seasonal changes in environmental factors make it difficult to stably control the growth and flowering traits of plants, further reducing the breeding efficiency. These limitations seriously restrict the R & D and promotion speed of new varieties and are difficult to meet the market's rapid response to diversified and immediate demands. Therefore, developing a breeding method for cut roses that can break through seasonal restrictions and achieve multi-round annual high-efficiency breeding has important practical significance and application value. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for multi-round annual breeding of cut roses and its application. The method for multi-round annual breeding of cut roses according to the present invention can break through seasonal restrictions and achieve multi-round annual high-efficiency breeding of cut roses.

[0004] The present invention provides a method for multi-round annual breeding of cut roses, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Establish a germplasm resource bank for cut roses, collect and record the trait information of each variety;

[0006] Select parents for pre-hybridization according to market demand and breeding goals to determine highly compatible parents;

[0007] Cultivate the highly compatible parents, and regulate the light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth period of the parents through an intelligent greenhouse environment control system during the growth period of the parents;

[0008] Supply nutrients to the parents using a water and fertilizer integrated circulating irrigation system, and control the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution;

[0009] Hybridize cut rose parents to obtain hybrid seeds;

[0010] Carry out seedling management and seedling management on the hybrid seeds to obtain hybrid offspring;

[0011] Screen and identify the hybrid offspring to obtain a new variety that meets the breeding objectives.

[0012] Preferably, the high-affinity parent is a parent with an affinity index ≥ 0.5;

[0013] When the number of cut flower branches to be harvested per plant of the parent cut rose reaches 15 - 20 branches / plant, start the hybridization;

[0014] Each hybridization operation controls the number of hybridized flower branches to be 1:(2 - 3) of the total number of flower branches of each parent plant;

[0015] Each hybridization operation is carried out once every 40d - 60d.

[0016] Preferably, the intensity of the light includes 2000Lx - 70000Lx;

[0017] The temperature includes 16°C - 30°C;

[0018] The humidity includes 60% - 95%;

[0019] The carbon dioxide concentration includes 400ppm - 800ppm.

[0020] Preferably, the nutrient solution EC value of the integrated water and fertilizer circulation irrigation system is controlled at 1.4mS / cm - 1.6mS / cm, and the pH value is controlled between 5.0 - 6.0.

[0021] Preferably, the parent is also subjected to pest and disease management during the growth period; the parent is also pruned during the growth period;

[0022] The pest and disease management includes alternately spraying different pesticides on the parent plants every week;

[0023] The pesticides include one or more of Cyazofamid, Iprodione, and Ethoxyfen - sulfonate;

[0024] The pest and disease management includes spraying one or more of Imidacloprid, Acramite, and Chlorantraniliprole on the parent plants when pests occur;

[0025] The pruning includes regularly removing dead branches, diseased branches, and weak branches.

[0026] Preferably, the steps for the hybrid parent cut rose include:

[0027] Collect the pollen of the male parent and perform artificial pollination on the flowers of the female parent to obtain the pollinated female parent;

[0028] Bag - isolate the pollinated female parent, and perform screening and cultivation on the isolated female parent to obtain the successfully hybridized female parent;

[0029] Continue to cultivate the successfully hybridized female parent until the hybrid seeds are harvested.

[0030] Preferably, the illumination time of the screening culture is 10 h to 14 h, the temperature is 18° C. to 25° C., and the humidity is 60% to 70%.

[0031] Preferably, the seedling raising and seedling management include the conditions shown in ① to ⑧:

[0032] ① Choose a loose, breathable and well-drained substrate for sowing;

[0033] ② During the seedling raising period, the greenhouse temperature should be maintained at 22℃~25℃;

[0034] ③ During the seedling raising period, the light intensity should be maintained at 2000Lx~5000Lx;

[0035] ④Maintain humidity at 80% to 90% during seedling raising;

[0036] ⑤Maintain the temperature at 20℃~28℃ during the seedling period;

[0037] ⑥Maintain light intensity of 5000Lx~10000Lx during the seedling period;

[0038] ⑦Maintain humidity at 65% to 80% during the seedling period;

[0039] ⑧ During the seedling period, use tidal irrigation 1 to 2 times a day to apply fertilizer and water.

[0040] Preferably, the screening and identification of hybrid offspring comprises the following steps:

[0041] Eliminate seedlings that grow slowly, have yellow leaves, or have diseases and insect pests during the seedling stage;

[0042] After the adult plants bloom, the characteristics of the adult plants are screened;

[0043] The traits include flower color, flower shape, number of petals, flower fragrance, and resistance;

[0044] The selected target plants will be propagated by cuttings for no less than 3 generations.

[0045] The present invention also provides application of the method described in the above technical solution in shortening the breeding cycle of cut roses.

[0046] The present invention provides a method for annual multi-round breeding of cut roses. The method for annual multi-round breeding of cut roses of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] 1. Shorten the breeding cycle: Through the intelligent greenhouse environment control system, multiple rounds of hybrid breeding can be achieved throughout the year, shortening the new variety breeding cycle from 4 to 6 years in traditional breeding to 15 to 18 months;

[0048] 2. Improve the hybridization success rate: By establishing a germplasm resource bank and conducting pre-experiments on artificial hybridization, high-affinity parental combinations are screened, significantly improving the hybridization success rate;

[0049] 3. Break the seasonal limit: Utilize an intelligent greenhouse environmental control system to precisely regulate light, temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration, enabling year-round continuous breeding;

[0050] 4. Improve the utilization rate of land and parental resources: Through year-round multi-round breeding, multiple rounds of breeding operations are carried out on the same land area, making full use of parental resources and avoiding resource waste;

[0051] 5. Provide precise nutrient supply: Adopt a water and fertilizer integrated circulating irrigation system to precisely control the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution, ensuring balanced nutrient supply and promoting the healthy growth of plants;

[0052] 6. Improve the seed germination rate and the growth quality of seedlings: Conduct seedling management on seeds, precisely control temperature, light, humidity, and fertilizer and water during the seedling raising process, improving the seed germination rate and the growth quality of seedlings;

[0053] 7. Increase the probability of excellent trait combinations: During the multi-round breeding process, due to the increased hybridization opportunities, the opportunities for gene combination and exchange are increased, and the excellent traits of different parents (such as disease resistance, cold tolerance, large flowers, many petals, etc.) can be integrated;

[0054] 8. Improve the control effect of pests and diseases: Conduct regular inspections, adopt precise control measures, and alternately use different pesticides to control diseases and pests, reducing the impact of pests and diseases on breeding;

[0055] 9. Meet the market demand for novel varieties: Through multi-round cross-breeding, new varieties with unique flower colors (such as blue-violet, black-red), novel flower shapes (such as double petals, single petals), and different flower fragrances can be quickly selected;

[0056] 10. Improve the economic benefits of breeding: By shortening the breeding cycle, improving the resource utilization rate, and increasing the probability of excellent trait combinations, excellent varieties can be quickly selected, significantly improving the economic benefits of breeding and providing support for the innovative development of the cut flower rose industry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0057] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0058] Figure 1 It is a diagram showing the state of the female parent after hybridization provided by the present invention. Detailed implementation mode

[0059] The present invention provides a method for multi-round breeding of cut roses throughout the year, comprising the following steps:

[0060] Establish a germplasm resource bank for cut roses, collect and record the trait information of each variety; select parents for pre-hybridization according to market demand and breeding objectives to determine highly compatible parents; cultivate the highly compatible parents, and regulate the light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth period of the parents through an intelligent greenhouse environment control system during the growth period of the parents; adopt a water and fertilizer integrated circulation irrigation system to supply nutrition to the parents, and control the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution; hybridize the cut roses of the parents to obtain hybrid seeds; carry out seedling management and seedling management on the hybrid seeds to obtain hybrid offspring; screen and identify the hybrid offspring to obtain new varieties that meet the breeding objectives.

[0061] The present invention first establishes a germplasm resource bank for cut roses, collects and records the trait information of each variety, and then selects parents for pre-hybridization according to market demand and breeding objectives to determine highly compatible parents. In a specific embodiment, the establishment of the germplasm resource bank for cut roses may be to collect rich variety resources at home and abroad and record in detail various trait information such as the flower type, flower color, number of petals, flower diameter, aroma intensity, disease resistance, cold resistance, and growth potential of each variety. In a specific embodiment, the number of rich variety resources collected at home and abroad ≥ 1000. In a specific embodiment, the selection of parents according to market demand and breeding objectives may be to select parents with breeding target traits of unique flower type, flower color, and flower fragrance, or to select parents with breeding target traits of powdery mildew resistance and gray mold resistance.

[0062] In a specific embodiment, the pre-hybridization may be carried out in small batches for hybridization between different varieties. In a specific embodiment, during the pre-hybridization, the germination situation of pollen on the stigma, the elongation speed of pollen tubes, and the fruiting situation can be observed to visually verify the actual compatibility degree between parents. In a specific embodiment, the pre-hybridization can determine highly compatible parents. In a specific embodiment, the highly compatible parents are combinations of parents that are easy to obtain seeds and normally developed offspring, which can improve the success rate of hybridization. In a specific embodiment, the highly compatible parents have an affinity index ≥ 0.5. In a specific embodiment, the affinity index is the ratio of the number of successfully fertilized flowers to the total number of pollinated flowers. In a specific embodiment, the highly compatible parents should preferably have different genetic backgrounds. In a specific embodiment, the different genetic backgrounds can be combinations of varieties from the same breeding company, between varieties of different breeding companies, or hybridization with wild rose resources. In a specific embodiment, the different genetic backgrounds can broaden the gene pool, thereby obtaining new cut rose varieties with good ornamental traits and stronger adaptability, ensuring the efficient progress of subsequent large-scale cross-breeding.

[0063] After determining the high-affinity parent, the present invention cultivates the high-affinity parent, and regulates the light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth of the parent through an intelligent greenhouse environment control system during the growth of the parent. In a specific embodiment, the intensity of the light includes 2000 Lx to 70000 Lx; the temperature includes 16 °C to 30 °C; the humidity includes 60% to 95%; the carbon dioxide concentration includes 400 ppm to 800 ppm. In a specific embodiment, the intelligent greenhouse environment control system can break the seasonal limitation of the natural growth of cut roses, enabling cut roses to be in suitable growth and reproduction conditions throughout the year, and at the same time can meet the requirements of light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide at different stages of the breeding process.

[0064] The present invention also uses a water and fertilizer integrated circulation irrigation system to supply nutrients to the parent and control the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution. In a specific embodiment, the EC value of the nutrient solution of the water and fertilizer integrated circulation irrigation system is controlled at 1.4 mS / cm to 1.6 mS / cm, and the pH value is controlled between 5.0 and 6.0. In a specific embodiment, the pH value can further be 5.5. In a specific embodiment, the nutrient solution includes nutrient solution A and nutrient solution B. For nutrient solution A, calculated based on 1 cubic meter of water as the solvent, it includes raw materials in the following weight ranges: 5 to 15 kg of calcium nitrate, 2 to 8 kg of potassium nitrate, and 15 to 25 kg of chelated iron; for nutrient solution B, calculated based on 1 cubic meter of water as the solvent, it includes raw materials in the following weight ranges: 35 kg of potassium nitrate, 3 to 9 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 to 30 kg of magnesium sulfate, 20 to 30 kg of magnesium nitrate, 3 to 9 kg of potassium sulfate, 20 to 30 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 to 3 kg of manganese sulfate, 0.4 to 0.6 kg of borax, 0.1 to 0.2 kg of zinc sulfate, 0.1 to 0.2 kg of copper sulfate, and 0.3 to 0.4 kg of sodium molybdate. In a specific embodiment, the water and fertilizer integrated circulation irrigation system can ensure the uniform supply of nutrient elements, and at the same time can avoid the waste of nutrient solution and salt accumulation.

[0065] In a specific embodiment, the parent plants are also subject to pest and disease management during the growth period. In a specific embodiment, the pest and disease management may be prevention-oriented, and the parent plants are regularly inspected. In a specific embodiment, the pest and disease management includes alternately spraying different pesticides on the parent plants every week. In a specific embodiment, the pesticide may be a 1000-1500-fold solution. In a specific embodiment, the pesticide includes one or more of Reason, Rovral, and ethoxyfen-sulfonate. In a specific embodiment, Reason can prevent downy mildew. In a specific embodiment, Rovral can prevent gray mold. In a specific embodiment, ethoxyfen-sulfonate can prevent powdery mildew. In a specific embodiment, when pests occur, the pest and disease management includes spraying one or more of imidacloprid, Akari, and Success on the parent plants. In a specific embodiment, spraying one or more of imidacloprid, Akari, and Success is continued until the pests are eliminated. In a specific embodiment, spraying one or more of imidacloprid, Akari, and Success includes spraying a 1000-1500-fold solution of one or more of imidacloprid, Akari, and Success. In a specific embodiment, imidacloprid can control aphids. In a specific embodiment, Akari can control spider mites. In a specific embodiment, Success can control thrips. In a specific embodiment, the parent plants are also pruned during the growth period. In a specific embodiment, the pruning includes regularly removing dead branches, diseased branches, and weak branches. In a specific embodiment, the parent plants can be hybridized after 3 to 4 times of pruning. In a specific embodiment, the parent plants are also subject to flowering regulation during the growth period. In a specific embodiment, the flowering regulation includes starting hybridization after the number of flower branches to be harvested reaches 15 to 20, and controlling the number of hybridized branches to be 1:(2-3) of the total number of new branches each time. In a specific embodiment, the hybridization operation is carried out once every 40d to 60d, and a cut-flower rose of the same female parent can be hybridized 7 to 8 times a year. In a specific embodiment, the flowering regulation can enable the same parent plant to have branches of different ages and different hybrid individuals with different hybridization progress, which can not only ensure the continuous vegetative growth of the same parent plant, but also meet the requirements of multi-round hybridization throughout the year.

[0066] The hybrid parent cut rose of the present invention is used to obtain hybrid seeds. In a specific embodiment, the hybrid parent cut rose includes the following steps: collecting pollen from the male parent and artificially pollinating the female parent flowers to obtain the pollinated female parent; bagging and isolating the pollinated female parent, and screening and culturing the isolated female parent to obtain a successfully hybridized female parent; continuously culturing the successfully hybridized female parent until the hybrid seeds are harvested. In a specific embodiment, the male parent flowers can be collected before collecting the pollen from the male parent. In a specific embodiment, the male parent flowers can be collected in the morning on a sunny day. In a specific embodiment, the male parent flowers can be collected at the initial stage of opening when the anthers have not yet cracked. In a specific embodiment, after collecting the male parent flowers, use forceps to pick off the anthers and place them in a clean petri dish, then put them in a pollen dryer with discolored silica gel at the bottom, and place the pollen dryer in a dry and sunny place to allow it to naturally crack and release pollen until the pollen from the male parent is collected. In a specific embodiment, after collecting the pollen from the male parent, the collected pollen can be stored in a sealed container and it is recommended to use it up within 1 - 2 days. In a specific embodiment, when it is necessary to store the pollen from the male parent for several days to several weeks, the pollen from the male parent can be stored in the refrigerator freezer (4°C). In a specific embodiment, the storage time does not exceed one week.

[0067] In a specific embodiment, emasculation of the female parent is carried out when the female parent flowers are about to open but the anthers have not yet cracked. In a specific embodiment, the emasculation of the female parent can be carefully removing the anthers of the female parent flowers with forceps, but attention should be paid not to damage the pistil. In a specific embodiment, within 1 - 2 days after the emasculation of the female parent, mucus will be secreted on the stigma of the pistil. At this time, dip a writing brush into the pre-prepared pollen and gently smear it on the stigma to complete pollination. In a specific embodiment, mark the pollinated female parent flowers and record the parent combination and pollination date. In a specific embodiment, cover the pollinated female parent flowers with a paper bag made of sulfuric acid paper to prevent interference from foreign pollen. In a specific embodiment, the sulfuric acid paper bag can be removed 10 - 15 days after pollination, and the isolated female parent can be screened and cultured to improve the hybridization success rate. In a specific embodiment, the light duration for the screening and culturing is 10h - 14h, the temperature is 18°C - 25°C, and the humidity is 60% - 70%. In a specific embodiment, the fruit development during the screening and culturing process can be observed. Generally, 4 - 6 weeks after pollination, the fruit begins to swell. If pollination is unsuccessful, the fruit will not continue to swell, and the branches with unsuccessful pollination can be pruned to re-germinate new branches. In a specific embodiment, 3 - 5 months after pollination of the successfully pollinated female parent, the color of the fruit will gradually change from green to red and yellow. Use scissors to harvest the branches with fruits, place them in a dry and ventilated place to dry, and peel the dried fruits to obtain the hybrid seeds.

[0068] After obtaining the hybrid seeds, the present invention performs seedling management and seedling management on the hybrid seeds to obtain hybrid offspring. In a specific embodiment, the hybrid seeds can be soaked in clean water for 12 hours to 24 hours and then rubbed to remove impurities on the seeds. The washed seeds are then rinsed with clean water and placed in a cool, ventilated place to dry. In a specific embodiment, in order to increase the germination rate of the seeds, the hybrid seeds can also be stratified, and then the seeds are mixed with a moist medium (such as peat soil, moss or sand), placed in a ziplock bag at 4°C to 6°C and refrigerated for 6 to 8 weeks. In a specific embodiment, the seedling raising and seedling management include the conditions shown in ① to ⑧: ① select a loose, breathable, well-drained substrate for sowing; ② keep the greenhouse temperature at 22℃~25℃ during the seedling raising period; ③ keep the light intensity at 2000Lx~5000Lx during the seedling raising period; ④ keep the humidity at 80%~90% during the seedling raising period; ⑤ keep the temperature at 20℃~28℃ during the seedling raising period; ⑥ keep the light intensity at 5000Lx~10000Lx during the seedling raising period; ⑦ keep the humidity at 65%~80% during the seedling raising period; and ⑧ use tidal irrigation 1~2 times of fertilizer water every day during the seedling raising period. In a specific embodiment, the loose, breathable, well-drained substrate includes peat soil, perlite or coconut bran. In a specific embodiment, a 50-hole plug tray is used to fill the substrate, and the treated hybrid seeds are evenly sown in the plug tray and placed in a greenhouse to enter the seedling raising period. In a specific embodiment, the seeds begin to germinate 5 to 8 days after entering the seedling stage. When the seedlings grow 4 to 6 true leaves 15 to 20 days after germination, the plug tray is transferred to the seedling hardening greenhouse to enter the seedling stage. In a specific embodiment, after entering the seedling stage, the water consumption of the substrate is checked, and tidal irrigation is used 1 to 2 times a day. During irrigation, the fertilizer water submerges the seedbed 2 to 3 cm deep, and each time is 5 to 10 minutes, and pest control is carried out according to conventional methods.

[0069] After obtaining the hybrid offspring, the present invention screens and identifies the hybrid offspring to obtain new varieties that meet the breeding goals. In a specific embodiment, the hybrid offspring that are screened and identified can be hybrid offspring that are transplanted to the planting strip after 30 to 40 days of seedling hardening. In a specific embodiment, the screening and identification of the hybrid offspring include the following steps: eliminating seedlings that grow slowly, have yellow leaves, or have diseases and insect pests during the seedling stage; after the adult plants bloom, the traits of the adult plants are screened; the traits include flower color, flower shape, number of petals, flower fragrance, and resistance; and the selected target plants are propagated by cuttings for no less than 3 generations. In a specific embodiment, the purpose of propagating by cuttings for no less than 3 generations is to evaluate the consistency, stability, and novelty of the offspring according to the evaluation requirements of new varieties.

[0070] The present invention also provides an application of the method described in the above technical solution in shortening the breeding cycle of cut rose. In the traditional cross-breeding method of cut rose, the hybridization process depends on natural seasonal changes, and it is difficult to stably control environmental conditions. Moreover, the selection of parents depends on experience, lacking a precise parent selection method, and the affinity is difficult to predict and ensure. The nutrient solution supply method may also lead to uneven nutrition, waste, and salt accumulation. More importantly, there is no scientific and reasonable pruning and flowering period regulation method in the traditional cross-breeding of cut rose, making it difficult to meet the demand for multi-round hybridization throughout the year. As a result, the traditional cross-breeding method of cut rose can only carry out 1-2 rounds of hybridization per year, and the entire breeding cycle is as long as 4-6 years. In a specific embodiment, the multi-round annual breeding method of cut rose described in the present invention breaks the seasonal limit through an intelligent greenhouse environment control system, provides suitable growth and reproduction conditions throughout the year, establishes a germplasm resource bank, conducts artificial hybridization pre-experiments, and selects parent combinations with an affinity index higher than 0.5, greatly improving the hybridization success rate and increasing the probability of excellent trait combinations. Moreover, through the integrated water and fertilizer recycling irrigation system, the nutrient balance and precise control are ensured. More importantly, the present invention finely prunes and regulates the flowering period of the hybrid parents, enabling the parents to have branches of different ages, and conducting hybridization once every 40d-60d. The same rose plant can be hybridized 7-8 times a year, enabling the same rose plant to have different hybrid individuals with different hybridization progress at the same time, meeting the demand for multi-round hybridization throughout the year. Finally, combined with the pest control means, seedling raising, and seedling management of the present invention, the continuity of cross-breeding is further ensured, and the breeding cycle is shortened to 15-18 months. In a specific embodiment, the method can increase the hybridization opportunities of cut rose, perform more gene combinations and exchanges, and can more widely integrate the excellent traits of different parents, and the traits include one or more of good disease resistance, strong cold resistance, large flowers, and many petals. In a specific embodiment, the method can realize multi-round breeding operations on the same land area, and the cross-breeding of cut rose can be carried out throughout the year, improving the land use efficiency. In a specific embodiment, the method can make full use of parent resources, and some rare or difficult-to-reproduce parent materials with unique flower shapes and flower fragrances can play a greater value in multi-round hybridization, avoiding waste of resources.

[0071] To further illustrate the present invention, the following describes in detail a multi-round annual breeding method and application of cut rose provided by the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0072] A comparison between the existing cross-breeding method of cut rose and the multi-round annual breeding method of cut rose described in the present invention is shown in Table 1.

[0073] Table 1 Comparison between the existing technology method and the multi-round annual breeding method of cut rose of the present invention

[0074]

[0075] As can be seen from Table 1, in terms of the breeding cycle, the present invention significantly shortens the breeding cycle compared with the prior art, accelerating the speed of new variety launch; in terms of environmental control, the present invention breaks through the seasonal limitation compared with the prior art, providing suitable growth and reproduction conditions throughout the year; in terms of parental selection and mating, the present invention improves the hybridization success rate compared with the prior art, increasing the probability of excellent trait combinations; in terms of hybridization efficiency, the present invention improves the hybridization efficiency compared with the prior art, increasing the opportunities for gene combination and exchange; in terms of nutrient supply, the present invention ensures balanced nutrition and precise control compared with the prior art; in terms of pruning and flowering period regulation, the parental plants in the method of the present invention have branches of different ages, which can meet the requirements of multi-round hybridization throughout the year; in terms of seed treatment and seedling raising, the present invention improves the seed germination rate compared with the prior art, and the seedling grows fast; in terms of land utilization rate, the present invention improves the utilization rate of land and parental resources compared with the prior art; in terms of pest and disease control, the present invention reduces the impact of pests and diseases on breeding compared with the prior art, improving the breeding success rate.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] 1. Parental selection and mating.

[0078] Parental selection: Select the cut rose variety 'Norma Jeane' with the target trait of strong fragrance from the germplasm resource bank as the female parent, and the cut rose variety 'Explorer' with the trait of powdery mildew resistance as the male parent. Through artificial hybridization pre-experiment, the affinity index between the two is verified to be 0.6, and it is determined as a high-affinity parental combination.

[0079] 2. Precise management of parents.

[0080] Plant the parental plants in an intelligent greenhouse, set the light duration to 12h, the light intensity to 50000Lx, the temperature to 22°C, the humidity to 70%, and the carbon dioxide concentration to 600ppm. Adopt a water and fertilizer integrated circulation irrigation system, with the EC value of the nutrient solution being 1.5mS / cm and the pH value being 5.5. Prune regularly. When the number of cut flower branches reaches 18, select 1 / 2 of the branches for hybridization. Alternately spray the 1200-fold solution of cyazofamid, iprodione, and ethoxyfen-ethyl weekly to control diseases; no pests are found.

[0081] 3. High-efficiency hybridization breeding technology.

[0082] Pair according to the selected parents 'Norma Jeane' and 'Explorer'. Collect the pollen of 'Explorer' in the morning on a sunny day, dry it and store it. Remove the stamens from 'Norma Jeane' when the flowers are about to open but the anthers have not cracked. After 1 day, pollinate with a writing brush dipped in the pollen of 'Explorer'. After pollination, cover it with a sulfuric acid paper bag and remove the bag after 12 days. Maintain the light duration in the greenhouse at 12 h, the temperature at 20 °C, and the humidity at 65%. After 4 weeks, the fruits begin to swell. After 4 months, the fruits change color. Dry the harvested fruit branches. The female parent after hybridization is as Figure 1 shown.

[0083] 4. Seedling raising and seedling management.

[0084] Take out the seeds, soak them for 18 h, rub and wash them, then dry them, and mix them with moist peat soil and refrigerate for 7 weeks. Select a mixed substrate of peat soil and perlite and sow in a 50-mesh plug tray. The greenhouse temperature is 23 °C, the light intensity is 3000 Lx, and the humidity is 85%. The seeds germinate in 7 days. After 18 days, the seedlings grow 5 true leaves and are transferred to a hardening-off greenhouse with a temperature of 25 °C, a light intensity of 8000 Lx, and a humidity of 70%. Irrigate with fertilizer water 2 times a day by the tidal irrigation method. Transplant after hardening off for 35 days.

[0085] 5. Offspring screening and identification techniques.

[0086] Eliminate the seedlings with slow growth at the seedling stage. After the adult plants bloom, select the plants with fragrance and powdery mildew resistance. Propagate the superior plants by cuttings for 3 generations and evaluate them to meet the requirements of the new variety. Finally, obtain a new variety of cut rose with fragrance and powdery mildew resistance. It takes 16 months from hybridization to the determination of the new variety.

[0087] Example 2

[0088] Parent selection: Select the cut rose variety 'DEBD-3' with a light fragrance and a cup-shaped flower type from the germplasm resource bank as the female parent, and the cut rose variety 'Julietta' with a pink flower color and an Austin flower type as the male parent. Through the pre-experiment of artificial hybridization, verify that the affinity index between the two is 0.7, and determine it as a high-affinity parent combination.

[0089] During this period, the steps of precise management of the parents, efficient cross-breeding techniques, and seedling raising and seedling management are the same as those in Example 1.

[0090] Eliminate the seedlings with slow growth at the seedling stage. After the adult plants bloom, select the plants with fragrance and an Austin flower type. Propagate the superior plants by cuttings for 3 generations and evaluate them to meet the requirements of the new variety. Finally, obtain a new variety of cut rose with fragrance and an Austin flower type. It takes 16 months from hybridization to the determination of the new variety.

[0091] Example 3

[0092] Parent selection: Select the cut rose variety 'Anemone' with pink flower color and serrated petals from the germplasm resource bank as the female parent, and the cut rose variety 'Sophie Baby' with purple flower color and cup-shaped flower form as the male parent. Through the pre-experiment of artificial hybridization, the affinity index between the two was verified to be 0.5, and they were determined to be a high-affinity parent combination.

[0093] During this period, the steps of precise management of the parents, efficient cross-breeding technology, and seedling raising and seedling management are the same as those in Example 1.

[0094] Slow-growing seedlings were eliminated during the seedling stage. After the adult plants bloomed, plants with purple and serrated petals were selected. The selected excellent plants were cuttaged and propagated for 3 generations, and the evaluation met the requirements of the new variety. Finally, a new cut rose variety with purple and serrated petals was obtained, and it took 17 months from hybridization to the determination of the new variety.

[0095] Comparative Example 1

[0096] 1. Parent selection and mating: Randomly select two cut rose varieties, 'Pink Avalanche' and 'Monthly Pink', for hybridization without performing an affinity experiment.

[0097] 2. Environmental management: Plant in the open field. Affected by seasons, hybridization can only be carried out in spring.

[0098] 3. Nutrient supply: Use compound fertilizer and irrigate by drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation or manually. The nutrient solution formula is not scientific.

[0099] 4. Hybridization operation: Remove the stamens and pollinate after the female parent flower blooms, and isolate with a bag.

[0100] 5. Seed treatment and seedling raising: Sow the seeds directly after they mature and are harvested. The environmental conditions were not controlled during the seedling raising process.

[0101] 6. Offspring screening: Simply screen according to the flower appearance only. As a result, the hybridization success rate is low, the number of seeds obtained is small, the growth of the offspring plants is poor and the traits are unstable. It took 4 years from hybridization to screening out relatively good plants, and an ideal variety with both specific flower color and disease resistance was not obtained.

[0102] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments according to these embodiments without creative labor, and these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for annual multi-round breeding of cut roses, comprising the following steps: Establish a cut rose germplasm resource bank to collect and record the characteristics of each variety; Select parents for pre-hybridization based on market demand and breeding goals to determine high-affinity parents; Cultivating the high-affinity parent, and regulating the light, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide concentration during the growth of the parent through an intelligent greenhouse environment control system; Use a water-fertilizer integrated circulation irrigation system to supply nutrients to the parents and control the EC value and pH value of the nutrient solution; Cross-breed parental cut roses to obtain hybrid seeds; Carry out seedling management and young plant management on hybrid seeds to obtain hybrid offspring; The hybrid offspring are screened and identified to obtain new varieties that meet the breeding goals.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The high-affinity parent is a parent with an affinity index ≥ 0.5; When the number of the parental cut rose branches to be harvested reaches 15 to 20 branches per plant, hybridization is started; The hybridization operation controls the number of hybrid flower branches to be 1:(2-3) of the total number of flower branches of each parent plant each time; The hybridization operation is performed once every 40 to 60 days.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The intensity of the illumination includes 2000Lx~70000Lx; The temperature includes 16°C to 30°C; The humidity includes 60% to 95%; The carbon dioxide concentration includes 400 ppm to 800 ppm.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The EC value of the nutrient solution of the water-fertilizer integrated circulation irrigation system is controlled at 1.4 mS / cm to 1.6 mS / cm, and the pH value is controlled between 5.0 and 6.

0.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The parent is also managed for pests and diseases during its growth period; the parent is also pruned during its growth period; The pest management includes spraying the parent plants with different pesticides alternately every week; The pesticides include one or more of Yinfali, Iprodione and Etherphenol Sulfonate; The pest management includes spraying one or more of imidacloprid, icaridamote and elux on the parent plants when pests occur; The pruning includes the regular removal of dead, diseased and weak branches.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The hybrid parent cut rose comprises the following steps: Collecting pollen from the male parent to artificially pollinate the female parent's flowers to obtain the pollinated female parent; The pollinated female parent is isolated by bagging, and the isolated female parent is screened and cultured to obtain the female parent with successful hybridization; Continue to cultivate the successfully hybridized female parent until the hybrid seeds are harvested.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The screening culture has a light exposure time of 10 hours to 14 hours, a temperature of 18° C. to 25° C., and a humidity of 60% to 70%.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The seedling raising and seedling management include the conditions shown in ① to ⑧: ① Choose a loose, breathable and well-drained substrate for sowing; ② During the seedling raising period, the greenhouse temperature should be maintained at 22℃~25℃; ③ During the seedling raising period, the light intensity should be maintained at 2000Lx~5000Lx; ④Maintain humidity at 80% to 90% during seedling raising; ⑤Maintain the temperature at 20℃~28℃ during the seedling period; ⑥Maintain light intensity of 5000Lx~10000Lx during the seedling period; ⑦Maintain humidity at 65% to 80% during the seedling period; ⑧ During the seedling period, use tidal irrigation 1 to 2 times a day to apply fertilizer and water.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The screening and identification of hybrid offspring comprises the following steps: Eliminate seedlings that grow slowly, have yellow leaves, or have diseases and insect pests during the seedling stage; After the adult plants bloom, the characteristics of the adult plants are screened; The traits include flower color, flower shape, number of petals, flower fragrance, and resistance; The selected target plants will be propagated by cuttings for no less than 3 generations.

10. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9 in shortening the breeding cycle of cut roses.

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