Rapid cultivation method for hawthorn seedlings

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hawthorn cultivation, and particularly relates to a hawthorn seedling rapid cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting pollen: collecting buds which are not bloomed in a balloon period in a flower bud period according to a breeding target, loading the buds into a kraft paper envelope, taking the buds back to a laboratory, taking out anther with tweezers, naturally airing the anther on paper, gently shaking the anther, and taking out the pollen; removing impurities, filling into a glass bottle, and writing a label for later use; step S2, pollination: selecting a seed tree according to a required target, and in the multiple steps of pollen collection, pollination, seed kernel collection, seed shell breaking treatment, seed stratification treatment, special sealing box, greenhouse seedling culture, field planting, seedling management, fertilization, pinching and seedling stage pest control, the survival rate of hawthorn seedlings is effectively improved in each cultivation stage of the hawthorn, and the survival rate of the hawthorn seedlings is increased. The hawthorn seedlings grow thicker and stronger, rhizomes are more developed, and moisture and nutrients can be effectively absorbed, so that the growth efficiency of the hawthorn seedlings is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hawthorn cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings. Background Art

[0002] Hawthorn, also known as Crataegus pinnatifida, belongs to the Rosaceae family and the Crataegus genus. It is one of the largest genera in the Rosaceae family at present. It is a perennial deciduous shrub or tree and a common fruit tree in the north. The cultivation technology of hawthorn seedlings is indispensable for its seedling production and cross-breeding. Due to its strong adaptability and stress resistance, it has a wide distribution range, ranging from Jilin in the north to Yunnan in the south, and is cultivated in more than 20 provinces and cities across the country. Hawthorn prefers a cool and humid climate environment, is both cold-resistant and heat-resistant, and can grow normally in areas with temperatures ranging from -36°C to 43°C. Hawthorn fruits have high nutritional and medicinal values, with high vitamin and mineral contents, and have functions such as strengthening the spleen and promoting digestion, and promoting digestion and resolving stagnation. The hawthorn tree has a beautiful shape, lush flower branches, and a long fruiting period, and can be used as an urban and rural roadside tree, with very broad application prospects.

[0003] The hawthorn seed shell is hard, the suture line is tight, the seed shell is not easy to crack, and it is difficult for the seeds to germinate. Usually, they need to be stratified for two winters and one summer before they can germinate, and the emergence is not uniform, so they are called "two-year seeds". The "International Seed Testing Rules" states that hawthorn seeds need to be pretreated with warmth and humidity for three months and freezing for nine months before they can germinate. The hard seed core hinders the entry of water and oxygen into the seed interior, making it difficult for the seeds to imbibe and activate physiological activities such as enzymes required for germination, resulting in a decrease in the germination rate. Due to the hardness of the seed core, the time required for the seeds to break through the seed coat becomes longer, often taking several weeks or even months, resulting in uneven germination and bringing inconvenience to subsequent seedling management. In view of this, we have proposed a method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings in view of the above-mentioned existing technical problems, so as to solve the problems proposed in the above background art.

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings, including the following steps:

[0006] Step S1, collecting pollen: According to the breeding objective, collect unopened flower buds in the balloon stage during the flower bud stage, put them into a kraft paper envelope, bring them back to the laboratory, take out the anthers with tweezers, let them dry naturally on the paper, gently shake to remove impurities, put them into a glass bottle, and write a label for later use;

[0007] Step S2, Pollination: Select the female parent tree according to the required target. At 10:00 - 11:00 in the morning on a sunny day, select the flower buds in the "balloon stage". Use your fingernail to remove the unopened petals along one side of the flower, exposing the pistil (at this time, the pollen of the female parent tree is not mature). Dip a cotton swab in the pre-prepared pollen for pollination. For each dip, evenly dot 5 - 6 small flowers. Then, cover them with a 40x34 cm parchment paper bag and fix the opening with a paper clip. Write a label for each flower. During the plant pollination process, the "balloon stage" usually refers to the stage before the flower bud is about to open. At this time, the flower bud swells and its shape is similar to a balloon. The balloon stage is the stage when the flower bud is mature and about to open, and it is the best time for pollination;

[0008] Step S3, Collection of Seed Cores: In October, collect the mature hawthorn fruits, investigate the fruit set rate, mark the name with a sign and a marker pen, then use pruning scissors to cut open the fruit skin and take out the seed cores. Put the seeds into a mesh bag with a pore diameter of 1 mm, knead them, and rinse off the impurities. Place the mesh bag in a ventilated and shady place to dry;

[0009] Step S4, Seed Hull Breaking Treatment: For the dried hawthorn seed cores, use fruit tree scissors to cut along the one-third position of the seed hull obliquely to obtain complete hawthorn seed kernels. The curved part of the fruit tree scissors is suitable for cutting the outer core of the hawthorn and can also prevent the seed kernel from being damaged, ensuring the integrity of the seed kernel and the germination rate;

[0010] Step S5, Seed Stratification Treatment: Soak the seed kernels in clean water for 24 hours, then fish out the seeds and mix them well with clean river sand to obtain the pre-treated seeds;

[0011] Step S6, Special Sealed Box: The sand mixed with the seeds contains a certain amount of moisture. If no air enters in a sealed environment, it will cause the seeds to rot. Therefore, a ventilation hole with a diameter of 2 - 3 mm needs to be made in the sealed box to ensure that air can enter. Put the hawthorn seeds mixed with sand into a sealed plastic box and place it in a static environment at 4℃. Check the germination situation after 50 - 80 days;

[0012] Step S7, Greenhouse Seedling Raising:

[0013] Seed Treatment)

[0014] After finding the germinated seeds, check the seed germination situation every 3 - 5 days. Sow the germinated seeds, and continue the stratification treatment for the ungerminated seeds. Remove the moldy and spoiled seeds in time;

[0015] Substrate Ratio)

[0016] The germinated hawthorn seeds are sown by dibbling in nutrient pots filled with a well - mixed sandy loam and peat moss in a volume ratio of 1:1. The volume of the nutrient pot is 9×9 cm. Finally, the seedling tray is placed in a solar greenhouse. The greenhouse temperature is maintained at 25 - 30°C during the day and around 5°C at night, ensuring sufficient light. Observe the soil moisture content every day and replenish water in a timely manner;

[0017] Step S8, Planting:

[0018] When the seedling has 2 - 4 true leaves, use a seedling transplanting spade to transplant the small seedlings with soil balls into the furrowed ridge according to a row spacing of 20x50 cm, and water appropriately. Do not over - water to avoid excessive vegetative growth. After the water seeps down, form ridges. Ensure that the daily light duration in the greenhouse is 8 - 9 hours;

[0019] Step S9, Seedling Management:

[0020] When the seedling has 5 - 6 true leaves, carry out squatting seedlings. Do not water if the soil is not dry. Conduct intertillage to conserve soil moisture, promote the growth of lateral roots, and make the seedlings strong;

[0021] Step S10, Fertilization: When the seedling height is 15 - 20 cm, apply 8 - 10 kg of urea per mu. Water after fertilization. Then, 1 - 2 additional top - dressings can be carried out at intervals of 30 days. Lay straw cloth between rows to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings;

[0022] Step S11, Pinching:

[0023] When the hawthorn seedling height reaches 80 cm, carry out pinching treatment to promote the thickening growth of the seedlings. At the same time, remove the new branches growing below 10 cm from the base of the seedlings;

[0024] Step S12, Prevention and Control of Seedling Diseases and Pests:

[0025] The hawthorn seedlings are prone to damping - off and powdery mildew. Regularly spray the hawthorn seedlings with pesticides to increase the survival rate of the hawthorn seedlings.

[0026] In the above - mentioned technical solution, further, in step S1, the drying time on the paper is 8 - 12 hours.

[0027] In the above - mentioned technical solution, further, in step S2, the label needs to mark the pollination combination, pollinator, and pollination date. Remove the pollination bag after 6 - 7 days, and investigate the fruit - setting rate one month after pollination.

[0028] In the above - mentioned technical solution, further, in step S3, the drying - in - the - shade time is 5 - 7 days.

[0029] In the above - mentioned technical solution, further, in step S5, the soaking time of the seed kernel in clear water is 24 hours.

[0030] In the above technical solution, further, in step S5, the relative humidity of the river sand is maintained at 40% - 50%. The control of humidity reduces the probability of seed mildew and deterioration. Excessive humidity is likely to cause mildew, while too low humidity affects the seed germination rate.

[0031] In the above technical solution, further, in step S6, relevant information such as the seed name, stratification date, and number of seeds is marked on the outside of the plastic box, which facilitates the classification of the seeds in the plastic box and is convenient for the staff to view the relevant information of the seeds.

[0032] In the above technical solution, further, in step S12, the control method for damping-off of hawthorn seedlings includes the following steps:

[0033] Select a plot with high terrain, good drainage, loose and fertile soil for seedling cultivation, avoid continuous cropping. Before sowing, deeply plow and sun the soil to kill some germs. Strengthen seedling management, reasonably close plant, timely drain and irrigate, keep the seedbed moderately moist, avoid being too wet or too dry. When diseased seedlings are found, immediately pull them out and burn them outside the field to prevent the spread of germs;

[0034] Before sowing, 40% quintozene powder and 50% thiram wettable powder can be mixed at a ratio of 1:1, with 8 - 10 grams of medicine per square meter, and evenly mixed with 30 kilograms of fine soil. Take 1 / 3 of the medicated soil and sprinkle it on the ridge surface, then sow, and then cover the remaining 2 / 3 of the medicated soil on the seeds. In the initial stage of the disease, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000-fold solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800-fold solution, or 20% tolclofos-methyl emulsifiable concentrate 1200-fold solution and other medicaments can be used for spraying or irrigation. Spray once every 7 - 10 days, and continuously control for 2 - 3 times.

[0035] In the above technical solution, further, in step S12, the control method for powdery mildew of hawthorn seedlings includes the following steps:

[0036] Agricultural control: Timely remove diseased branches, leaves and fruits, concentrate them for burning or deep burial, reasonably close plant, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the humidity in the orchard; Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, enhance the tree vigor, and improve the disease resistance of the plants;

[0037] Chemical control: In the initial stage of the disease, 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1500-fold solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000-fold solution can be selected, spray once every 7 - 10 days, and continuously spray for 2 - 3 times, use alternately to avoid the generation of drug resistance

[0038] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0039] 1. The rapid cultivation method of hawthorn seedlings. Sufficient light enables chloroplasts to utilize light energy more efficiently, converting carbon dioxide and water into organic substances such as glucose, providing sufficient energy and material basis for the growth of seedlings, making the branches thicker and the leaves more lush. Sufficient light can promote air circulation and reduce humidity among hawthorn seedlings, which is not conducive to the breeding and spread of pathogens, creating a good environment for the growth of seedlings.

[0040] 2. The rapid cultivation method of hawthorn seedlings. Do not water when the soil is not dry, carry out intertillage to conserve soil moisture, promote the growth of lateral roots, make the root system more developed, be able to better absorb water and nutrients, support the growth of the above-ground part, enhance the survival rate of hawthorn saplings. By using physical means to break the hawthorn seed shell, shorten the germination time to 90 - 110 days, neither damage the kernel nor can remove the seeds without kernels, and greatly accelerate the hawthorn breeding efficiency, providing a practical method and theoretical basis for rapid seedling raising of hawthorn.

[0041] 3. The rapid cultivation method of hawthorn seedlings. Through multiple steps including pollen collection, pollination, seed nucleus collection, seed shell breaking treatment, seed stratification treatment, special sealed box, greenhouse seedling raising, planting, seedling management, fertilization, pinching, and prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests, the survival rate of hawthorn seedlings is effectively improved at each cultivation stage of hawthorn, making the hawthorn seedlings grow thicker and the root systems more developed, being able to effectively absorb water and nutrients, thus improving the growth efficiency of hawthorn seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is the flowchart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0043] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0044] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. For the convenience of description, the sizes of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn according to the actual proportional relationship. Technologies, methods, and devices known to those of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, the said technologies, methods, and devices should be regarded as part of the authorization specification. In all the examples shown and discussed here, any specific value should be construed as merely exemplary and not as a limitation. Therefore, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following drawings, and thus, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further discussed in subsequent drawings.

[0045] Embodiment 1:

[0046] Referring to the figures shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a method for quickly cultivating hawthorn seedlings.

[0047] Among them, it includes the following steps:

[0048] Step S1, collecting pollen: According to the breeding objective, collect unopened flower buds in the balloon stage during the flower bud stage, put them into a kraft paper envelope, bring them back to the laboratory, take out the anthers with tweezers, place them on the paper to dry naturally, gently shake to remove impurities, put them into a glass bottle, write a label and set aside for later use;

[0049] Step S2, pollination: Select the mother tree according to the required target. At 10:00 - 11:00 in the morning on a sunny day, select the flower buds in the "balloon stage", use your fingernail to remove the unopened petals along one side of the flower to expose the pistil (at this time, the pollen of the mother tree is not mature), dip a cotton swab in the previously prepared pollen for pollination. For each dip, evenly dot 5 - 6 small flowers, cover them with a 40x34 cm parchment paper bag, and fix the opening with a paper clip. Write a label for each flower. During the plant pollination process, the "balloon stage" usually refers to the stage before the flower bud is about to open. At this time, the flower bud swells and its shape is similar to a balloon. The balloon stage is the stage when the flower bud is mature and about to open, and it is the best time for pollination;

[0050] Step S3, collecting the seed kernels: In October, collect mature hawthorn fruits, investigate the fruit setting rate, mark the name with a sign and a marker pen, then cut open the fruit skin with pruning scissors, take out the seed kernels, put the seeds into a mesh bag with a pore size of 1 mm, rub them, wash away the impurities, and place the mesh bag in a ventilated and shady place to dry in the shade;

[0051] Step S4, seed shell breaking treatment: using fruit scissors to cut the hawthorn seed shell along the oblique direction of the seed shell of the dried hawthorn seed core to obtain a complete hawthorn seed kernel. The curved part of the fruit scissors is suitable for cutting the hawthorn outer core, and can also prevent the seed kernel from being cut, thereby ensuring the integrity of the seed kernel and the germination rate;

[0052] Step S5, seed stratification treatment: soak the seed kernels in clean water for 24 hours, remove the seeds, and mix them thoroughly with clean river sand to obtain initially treated seeds;

[0053] Step S6, special sealed box: The sand mixed with the seeds contains a certain amount of moisture. If there is no air in a closed environment, the seeds will rot. Therefore, a vent hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm is required in the sealed box to ensure that air can enter. The hawthorn seeds mixed with the sand are placed in a sealed plastic box and placed in a 4°C environment to stand. The germination is checked after 50-80 days.

[0054] Step S7, greenhouse seedling cultivation:

[0055] Seed treatment)

[0056] After finding the germinated seeds, check the germination status of the seeds every 3-5 days, sow the germinated seeds, continue stratification of the ungerminated seeds, and remove the moldy and rotten seeds in time;

[0057] Matrix ratio)

[0058] The germinated hawthorn seeds are sown in a nutrient pot filled with sandy loam and peat mixed in a volume ratio of 1:1. The volume of the nutrient pot is 9×9cm. Finally, the plug tray is placed in a solar greenhouse. The greenhouse temperature is maintained at 25-30℃ during the day and around 5℃ at night. Ensure sufficient light, observe the soil moisture content every day, and replenish water in time;

[0059] Step S8, planting: when the seedlings have 2-4 true leaves, transplant the seedlings with soil clumps to the furrows with a transplanting shovel at a spacing of 20x50cm, water them appropriately, but not too much to avoid greed, seal the ridges after the water seeps down, and ensure that the light time in the greenhouse is 8-9 hours a day;

[0060] Step S9, seedling management: When the seedlings have 5-6 true leaves, they are allowed to stand for a short time. The soil is not dry and no water is applied. The soil is cultivated to conserve moisture, so as to promote the growth of lateral roots and make the seedlings strong.

[0061] Step S10, fertilization: when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, 8-10 kg of urea is applied per mu, water is applied after fertilization, and then topdressing can be performed 1-2 times at intervals of 30 days, and grass cloth is laid between the rows to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings;

[0062] Step S11. Pinching: When the hawthorn seedlings reach a height of 80 cm, perform pinching to promote the thickening growth of the seedlings. Meanwhile, remove the new branches emerging below 10 cm from the base of the seedlings.

[0063] Step S12. Preventing and controlling seedling diseases and pests: Seedling damping-off and powdery mildew are likely to occur during the seedling stage of hawthorn. Regularly spray the hawthorn seedlings with pesticides to increase the survival rate of the seedlings.

[0064] Example 2:

[0065] This example provides a method for quickly cultivating hawthorn seedlings. In addition to including the technical solutions of the above example, it also has the following technical features.

[0066] Among them, in step S1, the drying time on paper is 8 - 12 hours.

[0067] Among them, in step S2, the label needs to mark the pollination combination, pollinator, and pollination date. Remove the pollination bag after 6 - 7 days, and investigate the fruit setting rate one month after pollination.

[0068] Among them, in step S3, the drying time in the shade is 5 - 7 days.

[0069] Among them, in step S5, the soaking time of the kernel in clean water is 24 hours.

[0070] Example 3:

[0071] This example provides a method for quickly cultivating hawthorn seedlings. In addition to including the technical solutions of the above example, it also has the following technical features.

[0072] Among them, in step S5, the relative humidity of the river sand is maintained at 40% - 50%. Controlling the humidity reduces the probability of seed mildew and spoilage. Excessive humidity is likely to cause mildew, while too low humidity affects the seed germination rate.

[0073] Among them, in step S6, mark relevant information such as the seed name, stratification date, and number of seeds on the outside of the plastic box to facilitate the classification of the seeds in the plastic box and make it convenient for the staff to view the relevant information of the seeds.

[0074] Example 4:

[0075] This example provides a method for quickly cultivating hawthorn seedlings. In addition to including the technical solutions of the above example, it also has the following technical features.

[0076] Among them, in step S12, the method for preventing damping-off of hawthorn seedlings includes the following steps:

[0077] Select a plot with high terrain, good drainage, loose and fertile soil for seedling cultivation, avoid continuous cropping. Before sowing, deeply plow and sun the soil to kill some pathogens. Strengthen seedling management, reasonably close plant, drain and irrigate in time, keep the seedbed moderately moist, avoid being too wet or too dry. When diseased seedlings are found, immediately pull them out and burn them outside the field to prevent the spread of pathogens;

[0078] Before sowing, 40% pentachloronitrobenzene powder and 50% thiram wettable powder can be mixed in a ratio of 1:1, with 8 - 10 grams of medicine per square meter, and evenly mixed with 30 kilograms of fine soil. Take 1 / 3 of the medicated soil and sprinkle it on the ridge surface, then sow the seeds, and then cover the remaining 2 / 3 of the medicated soil on the seeds. At the initial stage of disease occurrence, 1000 - fold liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or 800 - fold liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, or 1200 - fold liquid of 20% tolclofos-methyl emulsifiable concentrate and other agents can be selected for spraying or root irrigation, spraying once every 7 - 10 days, and continuously controlling for 2 - 3 times.

[0079] Among them, in step S12, the prevention and control method of powdery mildew on hawthorn seedlings includes the following steps:

[0080] Agricultural control: Timely remove diseased branches, leaves and fruits, centrally burn or bury them deeply, reasonably close plant, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, and reduce the humidity in the orchard; Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to strengthen the tree vigor and improve the disease resistance of the plants;

[0081] Chemical control: At the initial stage of disease occurrence, 1500 - fold liquid of 15% triadimefon wettable powder or 1000 - fold liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder can be selected, spraying once every 7 - 10 days, continuously spraying 2 - 3 times, and use them alternately to avoid the generation of drug resistance.

[0082] In this embodiment, sufficient light enables chloroplasts to more efficiently utilize light energy, convert carbon dioxide and water into organic substances such as glucose, provide sufficient energy and material basis for the growth of seedlings, make the branches thicker and the leaves more lush. Sufficient light can make the air circulate between hawthorn seedlings and reduce the humidity, which is not conducive to the breeding and spread of pathogens, and create a good environment for the growth of seedlings.

[0083] Do not water when the soil is not dry, cultivate the soil to conserve moisture, promote the occurrence of lateral roots, make the root system more developed, be able to better absorb water and nutrients, support the growth of the above-ground part, enhance the survival rate of hawthorn saplings. By physical means to break the hawthorn seed shell, shorten the germination time to 90 - 110 days, neither harm the kernel nor can pick out the seeds without kernels, and also greatly accelerate the hawthorn breeding efficiency, which can provide a practical method and theoretical basis for rapid seedling raising of hawthorn.

[0084] Through multiple steps including pollen collection, pollination, seed core collection, seed shell-breaking treatment, seed stratification treatment, special sealing box, greenhouse seedling raising, planting, seedling management, fertilization, pinching, and prevention and control of seedling diseases and pests, the survival rate of hawthorn seedlings is effectively improved at each cultivation stage of hawthorn, making the hawthorn seedlings grow stronger, with more developed roots and stems, capable of effectively absorbing water and nutrients, thereby improving the growth efficiency of hawthorn seedlings.

[0085] The embodiments of the present application have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Without conflict, the embodiments and the features in the embodiments in the present application can be combined with each other. The present application is not limited to the above specific embodiments. The above specific embodiments are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Under the inspiration of the present application, those of ordinary skill in the art can also make many forms without departing from the purpose of the present application and the scope protected by the claims, and all of them belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1, collecting pollen: according to the breeding goal, collect the unopened buds in the balloon stage during the bud stage of the flower, put them into a kraft paper envelope, bring them back to the laboratory, take out the anthers with tweezers, put them on paper to dry naturally, shake them gently to remove impurities, put them into a glass bottle, write a label and set aside; Step S2, pollination: select a mother tree according to the target, select a flower bud in the "balloon stage" at 10:00-11:00 in the morning on a sunny day, remove the unopened petals along one side of the flower with a fingernail, expose the pistil, and use a cotton swab to dip in the prepared pollen for pollination. Each time you dip, evenly pollinate 5-6 small flowers, put a 40x34cm parchment bag, fix the opening with a paper clip, and write a label for each flower; Step S3, seed core collection: In October, collect mature hawthorn fruits, investigate the fruit setting rate, mark the names with labels and markers, cut the peels with pruning shears, take out the seed cores, put the seeds into a mesh bag with a pore size of 1 mm, rub them, rinse off impurities, and place the mesh bag in a ventilated and cool place to dry in the shade; Step S4, seed shell breaking treatment: using fruit scissors to cut the hawthorn seed shell along the oblique direction of the seed shell of the dried hawthorn seed core to obtain a complete hawthorn seed kernel. The curved part of the fruit scissors is suitable for cutting the hawthorn outer core, and can also prevent the seed kernel from being cut, thereby ensuring the integrity of the seed kernel and the germination rate; Step S5, seed stratification treatment: soak the seed kernels in clean water for 24 hours, remove the seeds, and mix them thoroughly with clean river sand to obtain initially treated seeds; Step S6, special sealed box: The sand mixed with the seeds contains a certain amount of moisture. If there is no air in a closed environment, the seeds will rot. Therefore, a vent hole with a diameter of 2-3 mm is required in the sealed box to ensure that air can enter. The hawthorn seeds mixed with the sand are placed in a sealed plastic box and placed in a 4°C environment to stand. The germination is checked after 50-80 days. Step S7, greenhouse seedling cultivation: Seed treatment) After finding the germinated seeds, check the germination status of the seeds every 3-5 days, sow the germinated seeds, continue stratification of the ungerminated seeds, and remove the moldy and rotten seeds in time; Matrix ratio) The germinated hawthorn seeds are sown in a nutrient pot filled with sandy loam and peat mixed in a volume ratio of 1:

1. The volume of the nutrient pot is 9×9cm. Finally, the plug tray is placed in a solar greenhouse. The greenhouse temperature is maintained at 25-30℃ during the day and around 5℃ at night. Ensure sufficient light, observe the soil moisture content every day, and replenish water in time; Step S8, planting: when the seedlings have 2-4 true leaves, transplant the seedlings with soil clumps to the furrows with a transplanting shovel at a spacing of 20x50cm, water them appropriately, but not too much to avoid greed, seal the ridges after the water seeps down, and ensure that the light time in the greenhouse is 8-9 hours a day; Step S9, seedling management: When the seedlings have 5-6 true leaves, they are allowed to stand for a short time. The soil is not dry and no water is applied. The soil is cultivated to conserve moisture, so as to promote the growth of lateral roots and make the seedlings strong. Step S10, fertilization: when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, 8-10 kg of urea is applied per mu, water is applied after fertilization, and then topdressing can be performed 1-2 times at intervals of 30 days, and grass cloth is laid between the rows to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings; Step S11, pinching: When the height of the hawthorn seedlings is 80 cm, pinching is performed to promote the thickening growth of the seedlings, and at the same time, new branches below 10 cm from the base of the seedlings are removed; Step S12, preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage: Damping-off disease and powdery mildew are prone to occur in the hawthorn seedling stage. The hawthorn seedlings are sprayed with pesticides regularly to increase the survival rate of the hawthorn seedlings.

2. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S1, the drying time on the paper is 8-12 hours.

3. A method for rapid cultivation of hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the label needs to mark the pollination combination, pollinator, and pollination date. The pollination bag is removed after 6-7 days, and the fruit setting rate is investigated one month after pollination.

4. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the drying time is 5-7 days.

5. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the seed kernels are soaked in clean water for 24 hours.

6. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the relative humidity of the river sand is maintained at 40% to 50%.

7. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the plastic box is marked with relevant information such as seed name, stratification date, and seed number.

8. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S12, the method for preventing and controlling hawthorn seedling blight includes the following steps: Choose high, well-drained, loose and fertile land for seedling cultivation, avoid continuous cropping, and deep ploughing and sun-drying the soil before sowing to kill some pathogens. Strengthen seedling management, plant at a reasonable density, irrigate and drain in time, keep the seedbed moderately moist, avoid being too wet or too dry, and remove diseased seedlings immediately and take them out of the field and burn them to prevent the spread of pathogens. Before sowing, you can mix 40% pentachloronitrobenzene powder and 50% thiram wettable powder in a 1:1 ratio, use 8-10 grams per square meter, mix well with 30 kg of fine soil, take 1 / 3 of the soil and sprinkle it on the bed surface, then sow, and then cover the seeds with the remaining 2 / 3 of the soil. In the early stage of the disease, you can choose 70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder 1000 times solution, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times solution, or 20% methyl tolclofos emulsifiable concentrate 1200 times solution and other agents for spraying or root irrigation, spray once every 7-10 days, and prevent and control 2-3 times in succession.

9. A method for rapidly cultivating hawthorn seedlings according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S12, the method for controlling powdery mildew of hawthorn seedlings comprises the following steps: Agricultural prevention and control: timely remove diseased branches, leaves and fruits, burn or bury them in batches, plant them at reasonable density, increase ventilation and light transmission, and reduce humidity in the orchard; apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance tree vigor and improve the disease resistance of plants; Chemical control: In the early stage of the disease, you can use 1500 times diluted 15% triadimefon wettable powder or 1000 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, spray once every 7-10 days, spray 2-3 times in a row, and use them alternately to avoid the development of drug resistance.

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