A method for controlling and inhibiting the acidification of sugarcane fields and promoting nitrogen fixation in sugarcane

Abstract

The application discloses a method for controlling and inhibiting sugarcane field acidification and promoting sugarcane nitrogen fixation, comprising the following steps: land preparation; applying a soil conditioner before planting sugarcane, wherein the soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: waste paper pulp 40-70 parts, fermentation compound microbial agent 0.03-0.05 parts, mineral clay 10-20 parts, organic matter fertilizer 20-30 parts, inorganic fertilizer 10-20 parts, and wood vinegar 3-5 parts; interplanting alfalfa and bamboo, planting alfalfa in the row between sugarcane rows, planting bamboo in the row between alfalfa rows 30-40 days after planting alfalfa, and turning alfalfa and bamboo into the soil 90-110 days after planting alfalfa; applying a slow-release water-absorbing agent during the sugarcane tillering and elongation periods, wherein the slow-release water-absorbing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30wt% polypropylene, 30-40wt% shell powder, 20-45wt% vermiculite, and 5-10wt% straw residue. The application effectively controls and inhibits sugarcane field acidification, promotes sugarcane nitrogen fixation, improves soil structure, reduces the hardening of acidified soil, improves soil air permeability, improves microbial activity, reduces aluminum and manganese toxicity, improves sugarcane yield and quality, and promotes sugarcane nitrogen fixation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural planting technology, and particularly relates to a method for controlling and inhibiting sugarcane field acidification and promoting sugarcane nitrogen fixation. BACKGROUND

[0002] In agricultural production, in order to meet the increasing demand for food by society, people have made large-scale and unreasonable use of arable land and have used chemical fertilizers and pesticides without restraint, which eventually leads to the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, the decline of land productivity, the low utilization rate of fertilizers, and the problems of soil acidification, shallow plough layer, and unbalanced soil nutrients, etc. Among them, the proportion of soil acidification area in the total arable land is increasing, and soil acidification refers to the process of pH value reduction and base saturation reduction caused by hydrogen ions generated inside and outside the soil. Soil acidification will lead to a decrease in soil pH, which will affect the availability of nutrients and microbial activity in the soil, and ultimately affect the growth of crops.

[0003] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop and energy crop in China, but it often faces the problem of soil acidification during planting, which is mainly caused by long-term use of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, acid precipitation, decomposition of organic matter, and secretion of acidic substances by sugarcane roots during growth. Under acidic conditions, the solubility of aluminum (Al 3+ ) and manganese (Mn 2+ ) increases, which is toxic to the roots of sugarcane, inhibiting root growth and nutrient uptake. Aluminum toxicity can cause the roots of sugarcane to become shorter, thicker, and even necrotic. At the same time, the availability of essential elements such as phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium in the soil decreases, leading to malnutrition in sugarcane. Soil acidification in sugarcane fields also leads to soil structure damage, and under acidic conditions, the stability of soil aggregates decreases, leading to soil compaction and poor aeration, thereby affecting the yield and quality of sugarcane. At the same time, sugarcane has a high demand for nitrogen, but excessive use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer not only increases costs but also exacerbates soil acidification and causes environmental pollution.

[0004] Existing techniques for controlling and inhibiting sugarcane field acidification mainly include the use of lime, organic materials, and alkaline fertilizers. Lime (such as CaCO3) is a commonly used acid soil conditioner, but its effect is greatly influenced by soil type and climate conditions, and excessive use may lead to soil alkalization. Organic materials (such as straw, compost) can improve soil buffering capacity, but they decompose slowly and have limited effect in the short term. In addition, reducing the use of acidic fertilizers can slow down soil acidification, but the cost of alternative fertilizers is high, and it is difficult to promote. In terms of promoting nitrogen fixation in sugarcane, existing technologies mainly rely on the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, however, the effect of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is greatly influenced by environmental conditions, and intercropping nitrogen-fixing plants may compete with sugarcane for resources, increasing management difficulty.

[0005] In summary, the prior art has problems of unstable effect, high cost and difficult technology integration in controlling sugarcane land acidification and promoting sugarcane nitrogen fixation. Therefore, it is urgent to develop an efficient comprehensive method to effectively control sugarcane land acidification and promote sugarcane nitrogen fixation, and to provide technical support for the sustainable development of sugarcane industry. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present application provides a method for controlling sugarcane land acidification and promoting sugarcane nitrogen fixation, which comprehensively uses soil conditioner, green manure interplanting and slow-release water-absorbing agent to effectively control sugarcane land acidification, promote sugarcane nitrogen fixation, improve soil structure, reduce the hardening of acidified soil, improve soil aeration, improve microbial activity, reduce aluminum and manganese toxicity, improve sugarcane yield and quality, and promote sugarcane nitrogen fixation. The specific technical solutions are as follows:

[0007] A method for controlling sugarcane land acidification and promoting sugarcane nitrogen fixation, comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Land preparation: plowing and preparing the sugarcane land to be treated, and using soil loosening measures to improve the aeration of the sugarcane land;

[0009] (2) Applying soil conditioner: applying soil conditioner 1-2 months before sugarcane planting, using spray equipment for surface spraying, or plowing the soil and mixing the conditioner evenly with the plowed soil; the conditioner comprises the following components by weight: 40-70 parts of waste paper pulp, 0.03-0.05 parts of fermented complex microbial agent, 10-20 parts of mineral clay, 20-30 parts of organic matter fertilizer, 10-20 parts of inorganic fertilizer, and 3-5 parts of wood vinegar;

[0010] (3) Interplanting of alfalfa and field arrowroot: when the sugarcane grows to 2-3 true leaves, two rows of alfalfa planting rows are opened in the sugarcane rows, the row spacing of alfalfa and sugarcane is 15-20 cm, the plant spacing of alfalfa is 15-20 cm, 2-3 seeds of alfalfa are planted in each hole, 30-40 days after alfalfa planting, one row of field arrowroot planting row is opened in the alfalfa row, the plant spacing of field arrowroot is 25-30 cm, 2-3 seeds of field arrowroot are planted in each hole, 90-110 days after alfalfa planting, the alfalfa and field arrowroot are turned into the soil, and water is appropriately poured after turning to promote the decomposition of green manure;

[0011] (4) Water accumulation prevention measures: applying slow-release water-absorbing agent once at each of the sugarcane tillering stage and elongation stage, the slow-release water-absorbing agent comprises the following components by weight percentage: 20-30wt% polypropylene, 30-40wt% shell powder, 20-45wt% vermiculite, and 5-10wt% straw residue.

[0012] Preferably, the fermented complex microbial agent is composed of the following weight parts of bacterial strains: 1.0-2.0×10 8 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis 1.0-1.2 parts, 1.0-2.0×107 EM bacteria at cfu / g: 1.0-1.2 parts, 1.0-2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Azotocinus brownii cfu / g: 1.0-1.2 parts, 1.0-2.0 × 10⁻⁶ parts. 7 1.0-1.2 parts of Azotobacter chrysophagus cfu / g;

[0013] The preparation method of the compound fermentation agent includes the following steps:

[0014] S21. Fermentation of Bacillus subtilis: Add white sugar, urea and water to a container, then add sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6.5-7, and finally add Bacillus subtilis. Ferment at a constant temperature of 35℃ for 7-10 days to obtain Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth.

[0015] S22. Then, using the fermentation method of step S21, ferment EM bacteria, Azotobacter chrysophagus, and Azotobacter polosa to obtain EM bacteria fermentation broth, Azotobacter chrysophagus fermentation broth, and Azotobacter polosa fermentation broth, respectively.

[0016] S23. Mix Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth, EM bacteria fermentation broth, Azotobacter chrysophagus fermentation broth and Azotobacter polosa fermentation broth evenly to obtain a fermentation compound microbial agent;

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of the soil conditioner includes the following steps: adding the fermentation compound microbial agent to the organic fertilizer, stirring evenly, and then piling it in the reaction tank. When the temperature reaches 60-65℃, turn it over 2-4 times a day for 10-20 days; then add waste paper pulp, inorganic fertilizer, mineral clay, and wood vinegar, and stir evenly to obtain the soil conditioner.

[0018] Preferably, the preparation method of the mineral clay includes the following steps: mixing 5-10 parts of dolomite powder, 2-3 parts of phosphate rock powder, 5-8 parts of diatomaceous earth, 10-20 parts of akadama clay, and 1-2 parts of polyethylene glycol evenly, adding 5-10 parts of 20-30 wt% sodium hydroxide, stirring evenly, and letting stand for 1-2 days, adding 5-10 parts of 20-30 wt% hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide solution and mixing, heating and stirring in a water bath to obtain the mineral clay.

[0019] Preferably, the organic fertilizer comprises, by weight: 6-10 parts tea residue, 4-8 parts biochar, 5-10 parts straw, and 2-6 parts humic acid.

[0020] Preferably, the inorganic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 3-5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of potassium phosphate, and 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.

[0021] Preferably, the biochar is made by burning sugarcane leaves at 400-700°C.

[0022] Preferably, the waste paper pulp is prepared by modification, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: inputting the waste paper pulp into a grading screen, screening to obtain long fiber pulp, adding 5-8 times of the long fiber pulp mass of an ethanol solution containing 10-20% sodium bicarbonate into the long fiber pulp, then putting into a dissociation container, setting a dissociator to dissociate 3 times, each dissociation interval is 1 minute, setting 10000-11000 revolutions per dissociation, obtaining the dissociated alkalized paper pulp; adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide in the dissociated alkalized paper pulp, carrying out etherification reaction at 60-70 DEG C for 60-180 min, after the reaction is completed, neutralizing to pH=7 with an acid solution, obtaining the etherified cellulose pulp, adding 0.5-2% of the etherified cellulose pulp mass of a crosslinking agent to carry out reaction, and obtaining the modified waste paper pulp after the reaction is completed.

[0023] Preferably, the crosslinking agent is selected from one of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol and polyoxaldehyde.

[0024] Preferably, the step (3) further comprises applying 20-40 kg / mu of yeast extract after the alfalfa and the canary grass are pressed into the soil.

[0025] Preferably, the application amount of the slow-release water-absorbing agent is 100-200 kg / mu.

[0026] Preferably, in the step (2), the surface is sprayed with a spraying device in an amount of 400-1000 kg / mu, so that the modifier forms a uniform pulp layer on the surface of the soil to be treated; or the soil is ploughed to a depth of 20-30 cm, and the soil is sprayed with a spraying device in an amount of 200-800 kg / mu, and then the modifier is uniformly mixed with the ploughed soil.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] 1. The method for controlling acidification of cane land and promoting nitrogen fixation of sugarcane, which comprehensively uses soil modifier, green manure intercropping and slow-release water-absorbing agent, effectively controls acidification of cane land, promotes nitrogen fixation of sugarcane, improves soil structure, reduces the hardening of acidified soil, improves soil permeability, improves microbial activity, reduces aluminum and manganese toxicity, improves the yield and quality of sugarcane, and promotes nitrogen fixation of sugarcane.

[0029] 2. The soil conditioner of the present application uses red soil and diatomite in combination, the red soil contains beneficial elements such as SiO2, CaO, MgO, MnO, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and does not carry pathogenic bacteria, and has a significant effect on soil improvement; diatomite has physical insecticidal and insect repellent effects in the medium, and itself contains a large amount of clay minerals, iron oxides and carbon organic matter, which can increase the oxygen supply capacity of clay, and play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation of surface coverage. The mineral clay is treated with sodium hydroxide and CTAB, which enhances its ion exchange capacity and adsorption performance, can more effectively fix acidic ions, can adsorb aluminum and manganese ions in the soil, reduce their toxic effects on sugarcane root system, and promote healthy growth of root system. And the phosphate rock powder and diatomite further supplement the phosphorus and silicon elements, promote the healthy growth of sugarcane stem and the resistance to lodging.

[0030] 3. The combination of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter paspali in the fermentation complex microbial agent can promote sugarcane nitrogen fixation, decompose organic matter, release nutrients, inhibit soil pathogens, improve acidification soil microecology, and improve the problem of acidification soil compaction. Azotobacter paspali and Azotobacter chroococcum can metabolize in soil and sugarcane seedlings, and the sugars, amino acids, vitamins, nitrogen, bioactive substances and the like produced by their metabolism can be absorbed by sugarcane seedlings, which can promote the growth of sugarcane seedling root system, improve the acid aluminum resistance of sugarcane, increase the nitrogen content of soil, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, promote the nutrient circulation of acidification soil, and accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic and inorganic fertilizers, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients, and reduce nutrient loss.

[0031] 4. The applicant of the present application found that interplanting alfalfa and sesbania as green manure can effectively control sugarcane acidification and promote sugarcane nitrogen fixation. Alfalfa has strong nitrogen fixation ability and deep root system, which can improve soil structure and alleviate acidification. Sesbania is suitable for growing in acid soil, grows rapidly, and can inhibit weeds and has strong plant coverage, which can assist in heat preservation to a certain extent. The application of yeast extract can promote the decomposition of green manure, and sesbania grows rapidly. The yeast extract can avoid the problem of slow decomposition of sesbania plant after lignification, and can also improve the activity of microorganisms in the soil, so that the soil microecological environment can maintain vitality.

[0032] 5. The present application also includes the application of slow-release water-absorbing agent, which can improve the air permeability of soil and is beneficial to root respiration. Sugarcane has certain self-regulating ability in response to ordinary rainfall, but when it encounters continuous rainfall and heavy rainfall, the slow-release water-absorbing agent can achieve slow-release water-absorbing effect, can absorb water in moderation, reduce the adverse effects of root soaking and other problems caused by continuous rainy season, and can also adjust the soil pH value to prevent soil acidification caused by long-term waterlogging.

[0033] 6. The use of waste paper pulp for modification as the matrix of the soil conditioner in the present application, the cellulose in the paper pulp has good biocompatibility and biodegradability, the crosslinking agent can introduce hydrophilic groups on the surface of the fiber, making the fiber more easily combined with water molecules, thereby improving the wettability and water absorption of the fiber, making the effective components of the conditioner more rapidly and uniformly dispersed, reducing the phenomenon of fiber aggregation, the modified paper pulp increases the fiber pore, improves the swelling and water absorption capacity of the fiber, further enhances the buffering capacity and long-acting property of the conditioner, has better controlled release performance, at the same time, the modified waste paper pulp also has a certain heat preservation property for the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of microorganisms, the modified waste paper pulp in the present application improves the quality and efficiency of the conditioner, can maximize the performance of the effective substances in the conditioner, reduces the impact on the environment, and reduces resource consumption. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The specific embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present application is not limited by the specific embodiments. Unless otherwise defined, all professional terms used herein have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art. The professional terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing the specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, the various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present application can be purchased from the market or can be prepared by existing methods.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The method for controlling and controlling the oxidation of sugarcane acid and promoting the nitrogen fixation of sugarcane in this embodiment comprises the following steps:

[0037] (1) Land arrangement: the sugarcane field to be treated is plowed and land is prepared, and soil loosening measures are taken to improve the soil aeration condition of the sugarcane field.

[0038] (2) Application of soil conditioner: the soil conditioner is applied 1.5 months before sugarcane planting, surface spraying is carried out by spraying equipment, or the soil is plowed, and the conditioner is mixed uniformly with the plowed soil; the conditioner comprises the following components by weight: waste paper pulp 55 parts, fermentation complex microbial agent 0.04 parts, mineral clay 15 parts, organic matter fertilizer 25 parts, inorganic fertilizer 15 parts, and wood vinegar 4 parts.

[0039] The complex microbial agent is composed of the following weight parts of strains: 1.5x10 8 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis 1.0 part, 1.5x10 7 cfu / g of EM bacteria 1. part, 1.5x10 7 cfu / g of Azotobacter chroococcum 1.0 part, 1.5x10 7cfu / g of Azotobacter chroococcum 1.0 parts; the preparation method of the compound fermentation microbial agent comprises the following steps: fermentation of Bacillus subtilis: 200 times of white sugar of the mass of Bacillus subtilis, 5 times of urea of the mass of Bacillus subtilis and 1000 times of water of the mass of Bacillus subtilis are respectively added into a container, sodium hydroxide is further added to adjust the pH value to 6.7, and finally Bacillus subtilis is added, and constant temperature anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 35 DEG C for 8 days to obtain Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor; the above fermentation method is used to ferment EM, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter chroococcum respectively to obtain EM fermentation liquor, Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor and Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor respectively; the Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, the EM fermentation liquor, the Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor and the Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor are uniformly mixed to obtain the fermentation compound microbial agent.

[0040] The preparation method of the mineral clay comprises the following steps: 8 parts of dolomite powder, 2 parts of phosphate rock powder, 7 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of red soil and 1 part of polyethylene glycol are uniformly mixed, 8 parts of 25wt% sodium hydroxide is added, stirring is uniformly carried out, and then standing is carried out for 1 day, 8 parts of 25wt% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution is added and mixed, and heating and stirring are carried out in a water bath to obtain the mineral clay.

[0041] The organic matter fertilizer comprises, in terms of weight parts, 8 parts of tea dregs, 6 parts of biochar, 8 parts of straw and 4 parts of humic acid; the biochar is prepared by burning sugarcane leaves at 550 DEG C.

[0042] The inorganic fertilizer comprises, in terms of weight parts, 4 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of potassium phosphate and 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate.

[0043] The preparation method of the modified waste paper pulp comprises the following steps: the waste paper pulp is input into a grading screen, and long fiber pulp is obtained through screening; 6 times of ethanol solution containing 15% sodium bicarbonate of the mass of the long fiber pulp is added into the long fiber pulp, and then the long fiber pulp is put into a dissociation container; a dissociator is set to dissociate 3 times, each time with an interval of 1 minute, and each time with 10000 revolutions; and the dissociated alkalized paper pulp is obtained; the dissociated alkalized paper pulp is subjected to etherification reaction at 65 DEG C for 120 minutes, and then neutralized to pH = 7 by using an acid solution; the etherified cellulose paper pulp is obtained; and 1% of polyethylene glycol of the mass of the etherified cellulose paper pulp is added for reaction, and the modified waste paper pulp is obtained after the reaction.

[0044] (3) Intercropping alfalfa and Chinese milk vetch: when the sugarcane grows to 2 true leaves, two rows of alfalfa planting rows are set up in the row of sugarcane, the row distance of alfalfa and sugarcane is 17 cm, the plant distance of alfalfa is 17 cm, 3 alfalfa seeds are sowed in each hole, 35 days after the sowing of alfalfa, one row of Chinese milk vetch planting row is set up in the row of alfalfa, the plant distance of Chinese milk vetch is 28 cm, 3 Chinese milk vetch seeds are sowed in each hole, 100 days after the sowing of alfalfa, the alfalfa and Chinese milk vetch are turned into the soil, 30 kg / mu of yeast extract is applied after the turning into the soil, appropriate watering is carried out after the turning, and the decomposition of green manure is promoted.

[0045] (4) Water accumulation prevention measures: slow-release water absorbent is applied once at the tillering stage and the elongation stage of sugarcane respectively, the slow-release water absorbent contains 25wt% polypropylene, 35wt% shell powder, 32wt% vermiculite and 8wt% straw residue according to the weight percentage; the application amount of slow-release water absorbent is 150 kg / mu.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] The soil conditioner is not used in this example.

[0048] The method for controlling the acidification of sugarcane land and promoting the nitrogen fixation of sugarcane in this example comprises the following steps:

[0049] (1) Landform arrangement: the sugarcane land to be treated is ploughed and arranged, the soil is ploughed to 25 cm, and the soil aeration condition of the sugarcane land is improved by using the soil loosening measures.

[0050] (2) Intercropping alfalfa and Chinese milk vetch: when the sugarcane grows to 2 true leaves, two rows of alfalfa planting rows are set up in the row of sugarcane, the row distance of alfalfa and sugarcane is 17 cm, the plant distance of alfalfa is 17 cm, 3 alfalfa seeds are sowed in each hole, 35 days after the sowing of alfalfa, one row of Chinese milk vetch planting row is set up in the row of alfalfa, the plant distance of Chinese milk vetch is 28 cm, 3 Chinese milk vetch seeds are sowed in each hole, 100 days after the sowing of alfalfa, the alfalfa and Chinese milk vetch are turned into the soil, 30 kg / mu of yeast extract is applied after the turning into the soil, appropriate watering is carried out after the turning, and the decomposition of green manure is promoted.

[0051] (3) Water accumulation prevention measures: slow-release water absorbent is applied once at the tillering stage and the elongation stage of sugarcane respectively, the slow-release water absorbent contains 25wt% polypropylene, 35wt% shell powder, 32wt% vermiculite and 8wt% straw residue according to the weight percentage; the application amount of slow-release water absorbent is 150 kg / mu.

[0052] Example 3

[0053] The slow-release water absorbent is not used in this example.

[0054] (1) Landform arrangement: the sugarcane land to be treated is ploughed and arranged, and the soil aeration condition of the sugarcane land is improved by using the soil loosening measures.

[0055] (2) applying soil conditioner: applying soil conditioner 1.5 months before sugarcane planting, using a spray equipment to spray on the surface, or ploughing the soil and mixing the conditioner with the ploughed soil evenly; the conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: waste paper pulp 55 parts, fermentation complex microbial agent 0.04 parts, mineral clay 15 parts, organic matter fertilizer 25 parts, inorganic fertilizer 15 parts, and wood vinegar 4 parts.

[0056] The complex microbial agent is composed of the following strains in parts by weight: 1.5×10 8 cfu / g bacillus subtilis 1.0 part, 1.5×10 7 cfu / g EM bacteria 1 part, 1.5×10 7 cfu / g azotobacter chroococcum 1.0 part, 1.5×10 7 cfu / g azotobacter circulans 1.0 part; the preparation method of the complex fermentation microbial agent comprises the following steps: fermentation of bacillus subtilis: adding 200 times the mass of white sugar of bacillus subtilis, 5 times the mass of urea of bacillus subtilis, and 1000 times the mass of water of bacillus subtilis into a container respectively, then adding sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6.7, and finally adding bacillus subtilis, and performing constant temperature anaerobic fermentation at 35℃ for 8 days to obtain bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor; then the above fermentation method is used to ferment EM bacteria, azotobacter chroococcum, and azotobacter circulans respectively to obtain EM bacteria fermentation liquor, azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor, and azotobacter circulans fermentation liquor respectively; and the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, the EM bacteria fermentation liquor, the azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor, and the azotobacter circulans fermentation liquor are mixed evenly to obtain the fermentation complex microbial agent.

[0057] The preparation method of the mineral clay comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing 8 parts of dolomite powder, 2 parts of phosphate rock powder, 7 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of red clay, and 1 part of polyethylene glycol, adding 8 parts of 25wt% sodium hydroxide, uniformly stirring, and then standing for 1d, adding 25wt% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution, and heating and stirring in a water bath to obtain the mineral clay.

[0058] The organic matter fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: tea leaf residue 8 parts, biochar 6 parts, straw 8 parts, and humic acid 4 parts; the biochar is made by burning sugarcane leaves at 550℃.

[0059] The inorganic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: ammonium dihydrogen phosphate 4 parts, potassium phosphate 2 parts, and calcium-magnesium-phosphorus fertilizer 1 part.

[0060] The preparation method of the modified waste paper pulp comprises the following steps: inputting the waste paper pulp into a grading screen to obtain long fiber pulp, adding 6 times of the long fiber pulp in mass of an ethanol solution containing 15% sodium bicarbonate into the long fiber pulp, then putting into a dissociation container, setting a dissociator to dissociate 3 times with 1 minute interval each time, setting 10000 revolutions each time, to obtain the dissociated alkalized paper pulp; adding ethylene oxide or propylene oxide into the dissociated alkalized paper pulp, carrying out etherification reaction at 65 DEG C for 120 minutes, then neutralizing to pH=7 with an acid solution after the reaction, to obtain the etherified cellulose pulp, adding 1% of polyethylene glycol in mass of the etherified cellulose pulp to carry out reaction, and obtaining the modified waste paper pulp after the reaction.

[0061] (3) Intercropping alfalfa and Chinese artichoke: when the sugarcane grows to 2 true leaves, two rows of alfalfa planting rows are set in the sugarcane rows, the row spacing of alfalfa and sugarcane is 17 cm, the plant spacing of alfalfa is 17 cm, 3 alfalfa seeds are sowed in each hole, 35 days after the sowing of alfalfa, one row of Chinese artichoke planting row is set in the row of alfalfa, the plant spacing of Chinese artichoke is 28 cm, 3 Chinese artichoke seeds are sowed in each hole, 100 days after the sowing of alfalfa, the alfalfa and Chinese artichoke are turned into the soil, 30 kg / mu of yeast extract is applied after the turning into the soil, and appropriate water is sprayed after the turning into the soil to promote the decomposition of green manure.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] In this embodiment, alfalfa and Chinese artichoke are not intercropped.

[0064] (1) Land preparation: the sugarcane land to be treated is ploughed and prepared, and soil loosening measures are adopted to improve the soil ventilation condition of the sugarcane land.

[0065] (2) Application of soil modifier: the soil modifier is applied 1.5 months before the planting of sugarcane, surface spraying is carried out by using a spraying device, or the soil is ploughed, and the modifier is uniformly mixed with the ploughed soil; the modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: waste paper pulp 55 parts, fermentation complex microbial agent 0.04 parts, mineral clay 15 parts, organic matter fertilizer 25 parts, inorganic fertilizer 15 parts, and wood vinegar 4 parts.

[0066] The complex microbial agent is composed of the following strains in parts by weight: 1.5x10 8 cfu / g of bacillus subtilis 1.0 part, 1.5x10 7 cfu / g of EM bacteria 1. part, 1.5x10 7 cfu / g of azotobacter chroococcum 1.0 part, 1.5x10 7The preparation method of the compound fermentation microbial agent comprises the following steps: fermentation of Bacillus subtilis: 200 times of white sugar of the mass of Bacillus subtilis, 5 times of urea of the mass of Bacillus subtilis and 1000 times of water of the mass of Bacillus subtilis are respectively added into a container, sodium hydroxide is added to adjust the pH value to 6.7, and finally Bacillus subtilis is added, and constant temperature anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 35 DEG C for 8 days to obtain Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor; the above fermentation method is used to ferment EM, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter circinalis respectively to obtain EM fermentation liquor, Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor and Azotobacter circinalis fermentation liquor respectively; the Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, the EM fermentation liquor, the Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor and the Azotobacter circinalis fermentation liquor are uniformly mixed to obtain the fermentation compound microbial agent.

[0067] The preparation method of the mineral clay comprises the following steps: 8 parts of dolomite powder, 2 parts of phosphate rock powder, 7 parts of diatomite, 15 parts of red soil and 1 part of polyethylene glycol are uniformly mixed, 8 parts of 25wt% sodium hydroxide is added, after uniform stirring, it is placed for 1 day, 25wt% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution is added and mixed, and heating and stirring are carried out in a water bath to obtain the mineral clay.

[0068] The organic matter fertilizer comprises, in terms of weight parts, 8 parts of tea dregs, 6 parts of biochar, 8 parts of straw and 4 parts of humic acid; the biochar is prepared by burning sugarcane leaves at 550 DEG C.

[0069] The inorganic fertilizer comprises, in terms of weight parts, 4 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of potassium phosphate and 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate.

[0070] The preparation method of the modified waste paper pulp comprises the following steps: waste paper pulp is input into a grading screen, long fiber pulp is obtained through screening, 6 times of ethanol solution containing 15% sodium bicarbonate of the mass of the long fiber pulp is added into the long fiber pulp, then the long fiber pulp is put into a dissociation container, a dissociator is set to dissociate 3 times, each dissociation interval is 1 minute, and each dissociation is set to 10000 revolutions, and then the dissociated alkalized paper pulp is obtained; oxirane or propylene oxide is added into the dissociated alkalized paper pulp, etherification reaction is carried out at 65 DEG C for 120 minutes, after the reaction is completed, the reaction solution is neutralized to pH = 7 with an acid solution, and then the etherified cellulose paper pulp is obtained; 1% polyethylene glycol of the mass of the etherified cellulose paper pulp is added for reaction, and then the modified waste paper pulp is obtained after the reaction is completed.

[0071] (3) Water accumulation prevention measure: slow-release water absorbent is respectively applied once in the sugarcane tillering period and the elongation period, the slow-release water absorbent comprises, in terms of weight percentage, 25wt% polypropylene, 35wt% shell powder, 32wt% vermiculite and 8wt% straw residue; the application amount of the slow-release water absorbent is 150kg / acre.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the complex fermentation bacteria in the soil conditioner is replaced by 1.0 x 10 8 cfu / g of Bacillus subtilis 2 parts, 1.0 x 10 7 cfu / g of Azotobacter chroococcum 2 parts.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the fermentation method of the bacteria in the soil conditioner is as follows: S21, fermentation: add 200 times the mass of mixed bacteria white sugar, 5 times the mass of mixed bacteria urea and 1000 times the mass of mixed bacteria water into the container respectively, then add sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH value to 6.7, and finally add Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter paspali, and ferment anaerobically at 35°C for 8 days to obtain a mixed bacteria fermentation liquor.

[0076] S23, mix the Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, EM bacteria fermentation liquor, Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor and Azotobacter paspali fermentation liquor uniformly to obtain a fermentation complex bacteria agent.

[0077] Comparative Example 3

[0078] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the mineral clay in the soil conditioner is replaced by mixed clay with a mass ratio of 1:3:5 of limestone powder, kaolin and water.

[0079] Comparative Example 4

[0080] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that no yeast extract is applied.

[0081] Comparative Example 5

[0082] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that only alfalfa is interplanted.

[0083] Comparative Example 6

[0084] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that only sorgo is interplanted.

[0085] Comparative Example 7

[0086] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the soil conditioner of the application is replaced by a CaO type soil conditioner, which is a powder "Tianji" soil conditioner (containing humic acid) provided by Guangxi Jintianji Agricultural Service Co., Ltd., CaO≥40%.

[0087] Comparative Example 8

[0088] The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that the waste paper pulp in the soil conditioner is not modified.

[0089] 1. Effect on soil pH

[0090] The soil improver in Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-3, Comparative Examples 7-8 of the present application was tested for performance on sugarcane soil. 0.5 kg of 0-20 cm plough layer soil was collected before the test, the initial pH value of the soil was tested, then the soil improver prepared by the present application was applied, and the pH values of the test soil after 3 months and 6 months were tested, respectively, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0091] Table 1

[0092] Initial pH of test soil Soil pH after 3 months Soil pH after 6 months Example 1 5.23 6.83 6.99 Comparative Example 1 5.24 6.11 6.23 Comparative Example 2 5.25 6.28 6.45 Comparative Example 3 5.24 5.61 5.84 Comparative Example 7 5.23 5.99 6.18 Comparative Example 8 5.25 5.56 5.63

[0093] 2. Effects on sugarcane nitrogen fixation efficiency, yield and quality

[0094] The improvers of Examples 1-4, Comparative Examples 1-8 were tested, the test site was in Chongzuo City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, the test variety was Guitang No. 46, a randomized block design was used, 3 replicates, the area of each treatment plot was 0.1 hm 2 , the planting distance of sugarcane was 1.5 m, the planting amount was 75,000 sprouts / hm 2 , and the field management was carried out according to the local traditional management level. The results are as follows in Table 2.

[0095] Table 2

[0096]

[0097] In summary, the method for controlling and inhibiting sugarcane acidification and promoting sugarcane nitrogen fixation of the present application comprehensively uses soil conditioner, green manure intercropping and slow-release water-absorbing agent to effectively control and inhibit sugarcane acidification, promote sugarcane nitrogen fixation, improve soil structure, reduce the hardening of acidified soil, improve soil aeration, improve microbial activity, reduce aluminum and manganese toxicity, thereby improving sugarcane yield and quality. The mineral clay of the soil conditioner in the present application can neutralize acidic substances in the soil, increase the soil pH value, and alleviate the problem of soil acidification when combined with pyroligneous liquid. The use of red clay and diatomaceous earth has a significant effect on soil improvement. Red clay contains SiO2, CaO, MgO, MnO, Fe2O3, Al2O3 and other beneficial elements, and does not carry pathogenic bacteria itself. Diatomaceous earth has physical insecticidal and insect-repelling effects in the medium of the present application. It contains a large amount of clay minerals, iron oxides and carbon organic matter, which can increase the oxygen supply capacity of clay and play a role in heat insulation and heat preservation for surface coverage. The mineral clay is treated with sodium hydroxide and CTAB to enhance its ion exchange capacity and adsorption performance, which can more effectively fix acidic ions, adsorb aluminum and manganese ions in the soil, reduce their toxic effects on sugarcane roots, and promote healthy root growth. Phosphate rock powder and diatomaceous earth further supplement phosphorus and silicon elements to promote the health and lodging resistance of sugarcane stems. The organic matter in the conditioner is rich in organic matter, which can improve soil structure, increase soil porosity and water and fertilizer retention capacity. Biochar is made from crop branches or shells and has high porosity and stability, which can improve soil fertility for a long time. Inorganic fertilizer provides nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and other nutrients required for the growth of sugarcane, meeting the nutrient needs of sugarcane. Waste paper pulp is used as the substrate of the conditioner. The waste paper pulp, tea residue and straw in the conditioner are derived from agricultural and industrial waste, realizing the recycling of resources and reducing environmental pollution. The combination of Bacillus subtilis, EM bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter paspali in the fermentation complex bacterial agent can promote nitrogen fixation of sugarcane, decompose organic matter, release nutrients, inhibit soil pathogenic bacteria, improve the microecology of acidified soil, and improve the hardening problem of acidified soil. Azotobacter paspali can metabolize in soil and sugarcane seedlings, and the sugars, amino acids, vitamins, nitrogen, bioactive substances and other substances produced by its metabolism can be absorbed by sugarcane seedlings. It can promote the growth of sugarcane seedling roots, improve the acid aluminum tolerance of sugarcane, increase the nitrogen content of soil, reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, promote the nutrient cycle of acidified soil, accelerate the decomposition and transformation of organic and inorganic fertilizers, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients, and reduce nutrient loss.The combination of interplanting with alfalfa and sesbania as green manure can effectively promote the nitrogen fixation of sugarcane, the alfalfa has strong nitrogen fixation capacity, deep root system, can improve the soil structure and relieve acidification, the sesbania is suitable for growing in acid soil, has rapid growth, can inhibit weeds and has strong plant coverage, can assist in heat preservation to a certain extent, the application of yeast extract can promote the decomposition of green manure, the sesbania grows rapidly, the yeast extract can avoid the problem that the decomposition rate of sesbania plant is slow after lignification, and can also improve the activity of microorganisms in the soil, so that the soil micro-ecological environment can continuously maintain vitality. The application also includes the application of slow-release water-absorbing agent, which can improve the air permeability of soil and is beneficial to the respiration of root system; the sugarcane has certain self-regulating capacity in response to ordinary rainfall, but when encountering continuous rainfall and heavy rainfall in the rainy season, the slow-release water-absorbing agent can achieve slow-release water-absorbing effect, can absorb water in moderation, reduce the adverse effects of sugarcane root soaking and the like caused by continuous rainy season, and can also regulate the soil pH value and prevent soil acidification caused by long-term waterlogging. The modified waste paper pulp is used as the matrix of the improver in the application, the cellulose in the paper pulp has good biocompatibility and degradability, the crosslinking agent can introduce hydrophilic groups on the surface of the fiber, so that the fiber is more easily combined with water molecules, thereby improving the wettability and water absorption of the fiber, making the effective components of the improver more rapidly and uniformly dispersed, reducing the phenomenon of fiber aggregation, the modified paper pulp increases the fiber pore, improves the swelling and water absorption capacity of the fiber, further enhances the buffering capacity and long-acting property of the improver, has better controlled release performance, at the same time, the modified waste paper pulp also has certain heat preservation property, in the application, the modified improver can maximize the performance of the effective substances in the improver, reduce the impact on the environment and reduce resource consumption.

[0098] The foregoing description of specific exemplary embodiments of the application is intended to be illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application to the precise forms described. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the application. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the application and its practical application to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the application and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the application be defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for controlling and preventing the acidification of the cane field and promoting the nitrogen fixation of sugar cane, characterized by, It comprises the following steps: (1) Land preparation: the sugarcane field to be treated is ploughed and prepared, and soil loosening measures are taken to improve the soil aeration condition of the sugarcane field; (2) Application of soil conditioner: the soil conditioner is applied 1-2 months before sugarcane planting, and surface spraying is performed by using a spraying device, or the conditioner is mixed with the ploughed soil evenly; the conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: waste paper pulp 40-70 parts, fermentation complex microbial agent 0.03-0.05 parts, mineral clay 10-20 parts, organic matter fertilizer 20-30 parts, inorganic fertilizer 10-20 parts, and wood vinegar 3-5 parts; (3) Interplanting of alfalfa and Tianjing: when the sugarcane grows to 2-3 true leaves, two rows of alfalfa planting rows are formed in the sugarcane rows, the row spacing of the alfalfa and the sugarcane is 15-20 cm, the plant spacing of the alfalfa is 15-20 cm, 2-3 alfalfa seeds are planted in each hole, 30-40 days after the alfalfa is planted, one row of Tianjing planting row is formed in the alfalfa rows, the plant spacing of the Tianjing is 25-30 cm, 2-3 Tianjing seeds are planted in each hole, 90-110 days after the alfalfa is planted, the alfalfa and the Tianjing are turned into the soil; (4) Water accumulation prevention management: slow-release water absorption agent is applied respectively in the sugarcane tillering period and the elongation period, and the slow-release water absorption agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-30wt% polypropylene, 30-40wt% shell powder, 20-45wt% vermiculite, and 5-10wt% straw residue; The preparation method of the soil conditioner comprises the following steps: the fermentation complex microbial agent is added to the organic matter fertilizer, stirred evenly, and then placed in a reaction tank, and stirred 2-4 times a day when the temperature reaches 60-65℃, and the stirring is continued for 10-20 days; then the waste paper pulp, inorganic fertilizer, mineral clay, and wood vinegar are added, stirred evenly, and the soil conditioner is obtained; The preparation method of the mineral clay comprises the following steps: 5-10 parts of dolomite powder, 2-3 parts of phosphate rock powder, 5-8 parts of diatomite, 10-20 parts of red clay, and 1-2 parts of polyethylene glycol are mixed evenly, sodium hydroxide is added, stirred evenly, and then placed, mixed with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution, heated and stirred in a water bath, and the mineral clay is obtained; The waste paper pulp is prepared after modification, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: the waste paper pulp is input into a grading screen, and long fiber pulp is obtained after screening, sodium bicarbonate ethanol solution with the mass of the long fiber pulp is added to the long fiber pulp, and then the long fiber pulp is placed in a dissociation container for dissociation, the dissociator is set to dissociate 3 times, each dissociation interval is 1 minute, and each dissociation is set to 10000-11000 revolutions, and the dissociated alkalized paper pulp is obtained; epoxyethane or epoxypropane is added to the dissociated alkalized paper pulp, etherification reaction is performed at 60-70℃ for 60-180 minutes, the reaction is neutralized to pH=7 with an acid solution after the reaction is completed, the etherified cellulose paper pulp is obtained, a crosslinking agent is added for reaction, and the modified waste paper pulp is obtained after the reaction is completed; the crosslinking agent is selected from one of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, and polyoxymethylene.

2. The method for controlling and inhibiting the acidification of the sugarcane field and promoting nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized by, The fermentation compound microbial agent consists of the following parts by weight of microbial strains: 1.0-2.0 × 10⁻⁶ 8 Bacillus subtilis CFU / g: 1.0-1.2 parts, 1.0-2.0 × 10⁻⁶ parts. 7 EM bacteria at cfu / g: 1.0-1.2 parts, 1.0-2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 7 Azotocinus brownii cfu / g: 1.0-1.2 parts, 1.0-2.0 × 10⁻⁶ parts. 7 1.0-1.2 parts of Azotobacter chrysophagus cfu / g; The preparation method of the fermentation complex microbial agent comprises the following steps: S21, fermentation of Bacillus subtilis: white sugar, urea and water are respectively added into a container, sodium hydroxide is further added to adjust the pH value to 6.5-7, and finally Bacillus subtilis is added, and constant temperature anaerobic fermentation is carried out at 35 DEG C for 7-10 days to obtain a Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor; S22, EM bacteria, Azotobacter chroococcum and Azotobacter circulans are respectively fermented by using the fermentation method of step S21 to obtain EM bacteria fermentation liquor, Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor and Azotobacter circulans fermentation liquor; S23, the Bacillus subtilis fermentation liquor, the EM bacteria fermentation liquor, the Azotobacter chroococcum fermentation liquor and the Azotobacter circulans fermentation liquor are uniformly mixed to obtain the fermentation complex microbial agent.

3. The method for controlling and inhibiting the acidification of the sugarcane field and promoting nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic matter fertilizer comprises, in terms of weight parts, 6-10 parts of tea leaf residue, 4-8 parts of biochar, 5-10 parts of straw and 2-6 parts of humic acid.

4. The method for controlling and inhibiting the acidification of the sugarcane field and promoting nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized by, The inorganic fertilizer comprises, in terms of weight parts, 3-5 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2-3 parts of potassium phosphate and 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate.

5. The method for controlling and inhibiting the acidification of the sugarcane field and promoting nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the step (3), 20-40 kg / mu of yeast extract is further applied after the alfalfa and the canary grass are turned into the soil.

6. The method for controlling and inhibiting the acidification of the sugarcane field and promoting nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein, The application amount of the slow-release water absorption agent is 100-200 kg / mu.

7. The method for controlling and inhibiting the acidification of the sugarcane field and promoting nitrogen fixation of the sugarcane according to claim 1, wherein, In the step (2), the surface is sprayed with a spraying device at an amount of 400-1000 kg / mu, so that the modifier forms a uniform slurry layer on the surface of the soil to be treated; or the soil is ploughed to a depth of 20-30 cm, and the soil is sprayed with a spraying device at an amount of 200-800 kg / mu, and then the modifier is uniformly mixed with the ploughed soil. In the step (3), 20-40 kg / mu of yeast extract is further applied after the alfalfa and the canary grass are turned into the soil.

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