A gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gear chamfering processing, and specifically to a gear chamfering processing method that takes spatial geometric errors into consideration. The method comprises the following steps: clamping the gear to be processed to a machine tool, detecting the initial spatial position information of the gear and the tool respectively, defining the machine tool coordinate system, the gear coordinate system and the tool coordinate system, and setting the tool processing angle and processing path based on the set gear theoretical standard; then measuring the tooth profile error, tooth direction error and tooth pitch error of the gear on the machine based on the gear coordinate system; the present invention can compensate for the deviation based on the gear itself during processing, optimize the tooth surface contact, evenly distribute the load, avoid local stress concentration on the tooth surface, make the power transmission more uniform, and improve the working stability and reliability of the equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of gear processing, and in particular to a gear chamfering processing method taking spatial geometric errors into consideration. Background Art

[0002] Gear chamfering is a key process in gear processing. It improves the performance, reliability and service life of the gear by cutting or grinding a bevel or arc transition on the edge of the gear. Gear chamfering errors can be amplified into systemic risks through mechanisms such as mechanical transmission, thermal coupling, and dynamic interaction. High-precision gears need to control the chamfer tolerance within ±0.02mm. Traditional methods for solving gear chamfering processing errors mainly focus on tool angle selection, gear installation deflection, machine tool positioning error and processing parameter error. However, for the structural deviation caused by thermal deformation of the gear after heat treatment, simply adjusting the positioning of the machine tool or adjusting the tool cannot significantly reduce its error. Therefore, it is necessary to design a gear chamfering processing method that takes into account spatial geometric errors to reduce the influence of the gear's own deviation on the chamfering processing error. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, the present invention proposes a gear chamfering method taking into account spatial geometric errors, comprising the following steps:

[0004] S1. Clamp the gear to be machined onto the machine tool, detect the initial spatial position information of the gear and tool, define the machine tool coordinate system, gear coordinate system, and tool coordinate system, and set the tool processing angle and processing path based on the established gear theoretical standards; then, measure the gear tooth profile error, tooth guide error, and tooth pitch error on the machine based on the gear coordinate system;

[0005] S2. Based on the measured tooth profile error, tooth profile error and tooth pitch error, respectively, the translation error and rotation error of each tooth in the gear in the gear coordinate system are obtained;

[0006] S3. Adjust the tool processing angle and processing path based on the translation error and rotation error of each tooth;

[0007] Among them, adjusting the tool processing path includes: calculating the translation errors ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ of each tooth in the gear coordinate system on the X, Y, and Z axes, as well as the rotation errors Δα, Δβ, Δγ around the X, Y, and Z axes, and establishing the relationship between the actual position coordinates (x', y', z') and the theoretical position coordinates (x, y, z)

[0008]

[0009] Adjust the tool machining path based on the actual position coordinates (x', y', z') obtained.

[0010] Preferably, the gear coordinate system is defined as follows:

[0011] With the geometric center of the gear as the origin, the Z axis is defined as coinciding with the gear axis and pointing in the positive direction of the gear axis; the X axis is defined as the symmetrical centerline of the tooth that passes through the gear center and points to the initial position of the tool; the Y axis is defined as a plane perpendicular to the Z and X axes based on the right-hand rule.

[0012] Preferably, the translation error of each tooth includes the translation error in the X-axis direction, the translation error in the Y-axis direction, and the translation error in the Z-axis direction, and the method for obtaining the error is as follows:

[0013] The method for obtaining the translation error of the i-th tooth in the X-axis direction includes:

[0014] Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction

[0015] ,

[0016] in is the tooth width, is the distance from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position in the x-axis direction;

[0017] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction

[0018]

[0019] in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the X-axis, is the i-th tooth pitch, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the X-axis direction;

[0020] Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction

[0021]

[0022] in represents the central angle position of the i-th tooth, N represents the number of teeth of the gear, Indicates the error of the tooth profile relative to the theoretical tooth profile at angle θ; It represents the angle between the normal direction of the tooth surface and the x-axis;

[0023] Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the x-axis direction is

[0024] .

[0025] Preferably, obtaining the Y-axis translation error includes:

[0026] Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction

[0027] ,

[0028] in is the tooth width, is the distance from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position in the Y-axis direction;

[0029] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction

[0030]

[0031] in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the Y-axis, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the Y-axis direction;

[0032] Get tooth profile error Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction

[0033] ,

[0034] Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the Y-axis direction is

[0035] .

[0036] Preferably, obtaining the Z-axis translation error includes:

[0037] Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Z-axis direction

[0038]

[0039] is the distance in the Z direction from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position;

[0040] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Z-axis direction

[0041]

[0042] in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the Z axis, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the Z-axis direction;

[0043] Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the Z-axis direction is

[0044] .

[0045] Preferably, the rotation error of each tooth includes an error around X, an error around Y, and an error around Z:

[0046] The method for obtaining the X-rotation error includes:

[0047] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the X-axis direction;

[0048]

[0049] in, Indicates the pitch circle radius, represents the pressure angle of the i-th tooth;

[0050] Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the X-axis direction;

[0051]

[0052] Then the rotation error of the i-th tooth around the X axis is

[0053] .

[0054] The methods for calculating the X rotation error include:

[0055] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the Y-axis direction;

[0056]

[0057] Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the Y-axis direction;

[0058]

[0059] Then the rotation error of the i-th tooth around the Y axis is

[0060] .

[0061] Rotation error of the i-th tooth around the Y axis

[0062] .

[0063] The beneficial effect of this application is that it can compensate for the deviation based on the gear itself during processing, optimize the tooth surface contact, evenly distribute the load, avoid local stress concentration on the tooth surface, make power transmission more uniform, and improve the working stability and reliability of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0064] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic diagram of the processing flow of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this application,

[0066] The drawings and preferred embodiments further illustrate the present invention in detail.

[0067] Gear translational error refers to the linear displacement of a gear's position relative to its theoretical position during actual operation or machining. It is typically caused by manufacturing errors, installation errors, or deformation under load. Gear rotational error refers to the deviation between the actual and theoretical rotational angles. Pitch error causes the angle of each tooth rotation during meshing to differ from the theoretical value, cumulatively resulting in a deviation in the overall rotational angle. Alternatively, if the tooth profile does not conform to the ideal shape, such as the theoretical involute, the contact point and force direction change during meshing, causing uneven gear rotation and resulting in rotational error.

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown, a gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors includes the following steps:

[0069] S1. Clamp the gear to be machined onto the machine tool, detect the initial spatial position information of the gear and tool, define the machine tool coordinate system, gear coordinate system, and tool coordinate system, and set the tool processing angle and processing path based on the established gear theoretical standards; then, measure the gear tooth profile error, tooth guide error, and tooth pitch error on the machine based on the gear coordinate system;

[0070] This application first calibrates the gears, and then obtains the translation error and rotation error of the gears in order to be able to obtain each error based on the established coordinate system, which is convenient for error compensation in subsequent processing.

[0071] S2. Based on the measured tooth profile error, tooth profile error and tooth pitch error, respectively, the translation error and rotation error of each tooth in the gear in the gear coordinate system are obtained;

[0072] S3. Adjust the tool processing angle and processing path based on the translation error and rotation error of each tooth;

[0073] Among them, adjusting the tool processing path includes: calculating the translation errors ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ of each tooth in the gear coordinate system on the X, Y, and Z axes, as well as the rotation errors Δα, Δβ, Δγ around the X, Y, and Z axes, and establishing the relationship between the actual position coordinates (x', y', z') and the theoretical position coordinates (x, y, z)

[0074]

[0075] Adjust the tool machining path based on the actual position coordinates (x', y', z') obtained.

[0076] The gear coordinate system is defined as follows:

[0077] With the geometric center of the gear as the origin, the Z axis is defined as coinciding with the gear axis and pointing in the positive direction of the gear axis; the X axis is defined as the symmetrical centerline of the tooth that passes through the gear center and points to the initial position of the tool; the Y axis is defined as a plane perpendicular to the Z and X axes based on the right-hand rule.

[0078] The translation error of each tooth includes the translation error in the X-axis direction, the translation error in the Y-axis direction, and the translation error in the Z-axis direction. The calculation method is as follows:

[0079] The method for obtaining the translation error of the i-th tooth in the X-axis direction includes:

[0080] Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction

[0081] ,

[0082] in is the tooth width, is the distance from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position in the x-axis direction;

[0083] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction

[0084]

[0085] in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the X-axis, is the i-th tooth pitch, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the X-axis direction;

[0086] Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction

[0087]

[0088] in represents the central angle position of the i-th tooth, N represents the number of teeth of the gear, Indicates the error of the tooth profile relative to the theoretical tooth profile at angle θ; It represents the angle between the normal direction of the tooth surface and the x-axis;

[0089] Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the x-axis direction is

[0090] .

[0091] The Y-axis translation error is obtained by:

[0092] Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction

[0093] ,

[0094] in is the tooth width, is the distance from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position in the Y-axis direction;

[0095] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction

[0096]

[0097] in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the Y-axis, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the Y-axis direction;

[0098] Get tooth profile error Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction

[0099] ,

[0100] Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the Y-axis direction is

[0101] .

[0102] The Z-axis translation error is obtained by:

[0103] Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Z-axis direction

[0104]

[0105] is the distance in the Z direction from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position;

[0106] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Z-axis direction

[0107]

[0108] in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the Z axis, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the Z-axis direction;

[0109] Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the Z-axis direction is

[0110] .

[0111] The rotation error of each tooth includes the rotation error around X, the rotation error around Y, and the rotation error around Z:

[0112] The method for obtaining the X-rotation error includes:

[0113] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the X-axis direction;

[0114]

[0115] in, Indicates the pitch circle radius, represents the pressure angle of the i-th tooth;

[0116] Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the X-axis direction;

[0117]

[0118] Then the rotation error of the i-th tooth around the X axis is

[0119] .

[0120] The methods for calculating the X rotation error include:

[0121] Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the Y-axis direction;

[0122]

[0123] Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the Y-axis direction;

[0124]

[0125] Then the rotation error of the i-th tooth around the Y axis is

[0126] .

[0127] Rotation error of the i-th tooth around the Y axis

[0128] .

[0129] The translation error and rotation error in the gear obtained in this application can be combined with the translation error and rotation error in the machine tool-tool-gear motion model.

[0130] The above description is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solution described above can be modified, or some of the technical features therein can be replaced by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention, and should all be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Clamp the gear to be machined onto the machine tool, detect the initial spatial position information of the gear and tool, define the machine tool coordinate system, gear coordinate system, and tool coordinate system, and set the tool processing angle and processing path based on the established gear theoretical standards; then, measure the gear tooth profile error, tooth guide error, and tooth pitch error on the machine based on the gear coordinate system; S2. Based on the measured tooth profile error, tooth profile error and tooth pitch error, respectively, the translation error and rotation error of each tooth in the gear in the gear coordinate system are obtained; S3. Adjust the tool processing angle and processing path based on the translation error and rotation error of each tooth; Among them, adjusting the tool processing path includes: calculating the translation errors ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ of each tooth in the gear coordinate system on the X, Y, and Z axes, as well as the rotation errors Δα, Δβ, Δγ around the X, Y, and Z axes, and establishing the relationship between the actual position coordinates (x', y', z') and the theoretical position coordinates (x, y, z) ； Adjust the tool processing path based on the actual position coordinates (x', y', z'); The gear coordinate system is defined as follows: With the gear's geometric center as the origin, the Z axis is defined as coinciding with the gear's axis and pointing in the positive direction of the gear's axis. The X axis is defined as the symmetrical centerline of the tooth that passes through the gear's center and points to the tool's initial position. The Y axis is defined as a plane perpendicular to the Z and X axes, determined based on the right-hand rule. The translation error of each tooth includes the translation error in the X-axis direction, the translation error in the Y-axis direction, and the translation error in the Z-axis direction. The calculation method is as follows: The method for obtaining the translation error of the i-th tooth in the X-axis direction includes: Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction ， in is the tooth width, is the distance from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position in the x-axis direction; Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction ， in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the X-axis, is the i-th tooth pitch, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the X-axis direction; Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the X-axis direction , ， in represents the central angle position of the i-th tooth, N represents the number of teeth of the gear, Indicates the error of the tooth profile relative to the theoretical tooth profile at angle θ; It represents the angle between the normal direction of the tooth surface and the x-axis; Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the x-axis direction is 。 2. A gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Y-axis translation error is obtained by: Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction ， in is the tooth width, is the distance from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position in the Y-axis direction; Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction ， in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the Y-axis, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the Y-axis direction; Get tooth profile error Translation error caused in the Y-axis direction ， Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the Y-axis direction is 。 3. The gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Z-axis translation error is obtained by: Get the tooth direction error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Z-axis direction ， is the distance in the Z direction from the axial position of the i-th tooth on the end face to the standard position; Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Translation error caused in the Z-axis direction ， in, is the directional proportional coefficient of the error transmission of the i-th tooth along the Z axis, is the distance from the meshing point of the i-th tooth to the center of the gear in the Z-axis direction; Then the translation error of the i-th tooth in the Z-axis direction is 。 4. The gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotation error of each tooth includes the rotation error around X, the rotation error around Y, and the rotation error around Z: The method for obtaining the X-rotation error includes: Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the X-axis direction; ， in, Indicates the pitch circle radius, represents the pressure angle of the i-th tooth; Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the X-axis direction; ， Then the rotation error of the i-th tooth around the X axis is 。 5. The gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors according to claim 4, characterized in that: The methods for calculating the Y rotation error include: Get the pitch error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the Y-axis direction; ， Get the tooth profile error of the i-th tooth Rotation error caused in the Y-axis direction; ， Then the rotation error of the i-th tooth around the Y axis is 。 6. The gear chamfering method considering spatial geometric errors according to claim 5, characterized in that: Rotation error of the i-th tooth around the Z axis 。

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