Pressure self-adaptive adjusting device of press machine

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of press machines, in particular to a pressure self-adaptive adjusting device of a press machine, which is used for solving the problem that a traditional press machine is easily influenced by a complex environment to cause errors due to pressure adjustment by means of a sensor. The device comprises a driving mechanism and a counterweight mechanism, the driving mechanism comprises a pressure head and an outer cylinder, and the pressure head vertically slides in the outer cylinder; the balance weight mechanism comprises a plurality of balance weight rings connected to the driving mechanism, and when the rebound distance of the pressing head loaded on the target object is increased, the balance weight rings are connected to the pressing head and synchronously move along with the pressing head; the device can sense the density of a target object, judge the loading degree according to the rebound distance, and adaptively increase the loading force according to the rebound distance, so that no sensing equipment is needed, the adaptive increase of the pressurization force is realized, and the operation stability is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of presses, specifically to B30B12 / 00, and particularly to a pressure adaptive adjustment device for a press. Background Art

[0002] In modern industrial production and infrastructure construction, presses, as key equipment, are widely used in many links such as material forming, component processing, and product assembly, playing an important role in industrial development. With the continuous progress of industrial technology, the performance requirements for presses in various industries are becoming increasingly stringent, and many problems have gradually emerged in the practical application of traditional presses.

[0003] In the field of material processing, workpieces with different materials and shapes have extremely different pressure requirements. Taking the stamping of metal sheets as an example, the stamping pressures required for soft metals such as aluminum sheets and high-strength alloy sheets are completely different. If a traditional press operates with a fixed pressure, when stamping soft sheets, excessive pressure is likely to cause the sheets to deform excessively or even rupture, resulting in an increase in the defective rate of products; while when stamping high-strength alloy sheets, insufficient pressure cannot make the sheets achieve the expected forming effect, and multiple stampings are required, which not only reduces production efficiency but also increases production costs. In plastic injection molding, for the characteristics of different plastic materials, precise pressure control is also required to ensure the quality and dimensional accuracy of plastic products, but traditional presses are difficult to meet such diverse pressure requirements;

[0004] In the process of manufacturing components, such as the forging of automotive engine components, different parts of the components have different pressure requirements, and during the forging process, as the material deforms, the required pressure is also constantly changing. Since traditional presses cannot adjust the pressure in real time according to the deformation state of the material, it is easy to cause uneven stress distribution inside the components, affecting the mechanical properties and service life of the products. In addition, the limitations of traditional presses in pressure control also lead to low energy utilization efficiency. In many pressure processing processes, a large amount of energy is wasted in unnecessary pressure adjustment or overpressure processes, which not only increases the production costs of enterprises but also goes against the current concept of energy conservation and environmental protection.

[0005] Although some presses in the prior art attempt to achieve pressure adjustment by installing a sensing control system, these systems are complex in structure, high in cost, and have strict requirements for the working environment. In the industrial production site, factors such as complex electromagnetic environment, high temperature, and humidity are extremely likely to interfere with the normal operation of sensors, resulting in inaccurate measurement data, and then affecting the pressure adjustment accuracy of the press. At the same time, once these complex control systems fail, they are difficult to repair and have a high repair cost, which will cause production interruption and bring serious economic losses to enterprises. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a pressure self - adaptive adjustment device for a press to solve the problem that the traditional press relies on sensors to adjust pressure and is easily affected by complex environments, resulting in errors.

[0007] To alleviate the above - mentioned technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A pressure self - adaptive adjustment device for a press includes a driving mechanism and a counterweight mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a ram head and an outer cylinder, and the ram head slides vertically within the outer cylinder;

[0009] The counterweight mechanism includes a plurality of counterweight rings connected to the driving mechanism. When the rebound distance of the ram head hitting the ground increases, the counterweight rings are connected to the ram head and move synchronously with the ram head.

[0010] Furthermore, the driving mechanism further includes an outer cylinder, a tooth - missing gear rotatably fixed in the outer cylinder, and a vertical rod sliding vertically in the outer cylinder. A long circular through - slot is provided on the vertical rod, and first teeth and second teeth are symmetrically arranged in the long circular through - slot. The tooth - missing gear alternately meshes with the first teeth and the second teeth, and the ram head is connected to the bottom of the vertical rod.

[0011] Furthermore, a connecting cylinder is connected to the bottom of the vertical rod, a clamping jaw is hinged to the bottom end of the connecting cylinder, a positioning rod is connected to the top of the ram head, a clamping column is connected to the top of the positioning rod, and the clamping jaw clamps the clamping column.

[0012] Furthermore, a separation mechanism is further included. The separation mechanism includes a collar sliding in the connecting cylinder, a pulling rope is connected between the collar and the clamping jaw, a stop block is arranged on the inner wall of the outer cylinder. When the vertical rod moves downward, the stop block blocks the collar, so that the collar pulls the clamping jaw through the pulling rope to release the clamping column.

[0013] Furthermore, the separation mechanism further includes a pressing frame connected to the top of the vertical rod, a piston cylinder is connected to the top of the outer cylinder, a piston plate is slidably connected in the piston cylinder, a piston rod is connected to the piston plate, a first return spring is connected between the piston plate and the piston cylinder, a rectangular cylinder is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder, the stop block slides in the rectangular cylinder, and a pipeline is communicated between the rectangular cylinder and the piston cylinder. When the tooth - missing gear meshes with the second teeth, the pressing frame presses the piston rod, so that the stop block retracts into the rectangular cylinder, the collar moves downward, and thus the clamping jaw can re - clamp the clamping column.

[0014] Further, the weight mechanism further includes a mounting bracket connected to the connecting cylinder. The mounting bracket is inserted into the plurality of weight rings. A clamping block corresponding to each of the plurality of weight rings is slidably connected inside the mounting bracket. When the rebound distance of the pressing head increases, the plurality of clamping blocks are successively retracted into the mounting bracket from bottom to top, so that the plurality of weight rings are released one by one.

[0015] Further, the weight mechanism further includes a driving bracket. Guide bars are connected to the plurality of clamping blocks. Oblique sliding grooves are formed in the guide bars. A first vertical groove and a second vertical groove connected to both ends of the oblique sliding groove are further formed in the guide bar located in the middle. The lengths of the plurality of first vertical grooves gradually increase from bottom to top, and the lengths of the plurality of second vertical grooves gradually decrease from bottom to top;

[0016] A sliding rod cooperating with the plurality of guide bars is connected to the driving bracket.

[0017] Further, a positioning ball is connected to the outer wall of the pressing head through a spring, and a groove cooperating with the positioning ball is formed in the inner wall of the weight ring.

[0018] Further, a transmission mechanism is further included. The transmission mechanism includes a cylindrical cavity formed in the connecting cylinder. A plug rod is slidably connected to the lower part of the cylindrical cavity. A limiting plate is connected to the bottom end of the plug rod. A second return spring is connected between the limiting plate and the connecting cylinder. A top rod is connected to the driving bracket. The top rod slides in the upper part of the cylindrical cavity. An air inlet pipe is communicated with the cylindrical cavity. A one-way valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe;

[0019] An electric slider is slidably connected to the driving bracket. A ratchet pawl is arranged on the electric slider. Ratchet teeth cooperating with the ratchet pawl are arranged on the connecting cylinder.

[0020] Further, a through hole is formed in the middle of the top rod. An exhaust hole is formed in the electric slider. A delay switch is arranged at the bottom of the limiting plate. When the delay switch is continuously pressed, the electric slider slides so that the exhaust hole is communicated with the through hole, and the ratchet pawl disengages from the ratchet teeth.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are analyzed as follows:

[0022] A pressure adaptive adjustment device for a press includes a driving mechanism and a weight mechanism. The driving mechanism includes a pressing head and an outer cylinder. The pressing head slides vertically in the outer cylinder; the weight mechanism includes a plurality of weight rings connected to the driving mechanism. When the rebound distance of the pressing head hitting the ground increases, the weight rings are connected to the pressing head and move synchronously with the pressing head.

[0023] The indenter moves vertically within the outer cylinder and applies pressure to the target object when it moves to the lowest part of the outer cylinder. For target objects that require gradually increasing pressure loading, at the initial stage of pressurization, the density of the target object is low. At this time, the indenter lands on the target object with a low or no rebound. As the target object contracts and its density increases due to the impact of the indenter, the rebound distance of the indenter landing on the target object increases synchronously. When the rebound distance of the indenter increases, the lowermost one of the multiple counterweight rings lands on the indenter and moves up and down synchronously with the indenter, increasing the total mass of the indenter, thereby increasing the pressure of the press. At this time, the rebound distance of the indenter decreases. As the loading of the target object continues, the rebound distance of the indenter will increase again. At this time, the sub-bottom counterweight ring lands on the indenter, and so on, until all the counterweight rings have fallen, completing the pressurization of the target object. Thus, without any sensing equipment, the applied pressure can be adaptively increased, ensuring the stability of operation. Description of the Drawings

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the related art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the description of the specific embodiments or the related art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure at the missing-tooth gear of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the indenter of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the counterweight mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the guide bar of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the piston cylinder of the present invention.

[0033] Icon:

[0034] 100. Driving mechanism; 110. Outer cylinder; 120. Toothless gear; 130. Vertical rod; 131. First tooth; 132. Second tooth; 140. Connecting cylinder; 150. Collar; 151. Pulling rope; 152. Claw; 160. Pressing head; 161. Positioning rod; 162. Clamping column; 200. Separation mechanism; 210. Piston cylinder; 220. Piston rod; 230. Piston plate; 240. First return spring; 250. Pipe; 260. Rectangular cylinder; 270. Block; 280. Pressing frame; 300. Counterweight mechanism; 310. Mounting frame; 320. Counterweight ring; 330. Driving frame; 340. Slide bar; 350. Block; 360. Guide bar; 361. Inclined chute; 362. First vertical chute; 363. Second vertical chute; 370. Positioning ball; 400. Transmission mechanism; 410. Cylindrical cavity; 420. Insert rod; 430. Second return spring; 440. Limit plate; 450. Ejector rod; 460. Through hole; 470. Electric slider; 471. Exhaust hole; 472. Pawl; 473. Ratchet tooth; 480. Inlet pipe; 481. Check valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0035] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0037] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "mounted", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the internal communication of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0038] An embodiment is as follows Figures 1 - 8As shown in the figure, a pressure self - adaptive adjustment device for a press includes a driving mechanism 100 and a counterweight mechanism 300. The driving mechanism 100 includes a ram 160 and an outer cylinder 110. The ram 160 slides vertically within the outer cylinder 110. The counterweight mechanism 300 includes a plurality of counterweight rings 320 connected to the driving mechanism 100. When the rebound distance of the ram 160 hitting the ground increases, the counterweight rings 320 are connected to the ram 160 and move synchronously with the ram 160.

[0039] The working mechanism of the pressurizing device provided in this embodiment:

[0040] The ram 160 moves vertically within the outer cylinder 110 and applies pressure to the target object when it moves to the lowermost part of the outer cylinder 110. For a target object that requires gradually increasing pressure loading, in the initial stage of pressurization, the density of the target object is low. At this time, the rebound degree of the ram 160 hitting the target object is low or there is no rebound. As the target object contracts due to the impact of the ram 160 and its density increases, the rebound distance of the ram 160 hitting the target object increases synchronously. When the rebound distance of the ram 160 increases, the lowermost one of the plurality of counterweight rings 320 lands on the ram 160 and moves up and down synchronously with the ram 160, increasing the total mass of the ram 160, thereby increasing the pressure of the press. At this time, the rebound distance of the ram 160 decreases. As the loading of the target object continues, the rebound distance of the ram 160 will increase again. At this time, the second - lowermost counterweight ring 320 lands on the ram 160, and so on, until all the counterweight rings 320 have fallen and the pressurization of the target object is completed. Thus, without any sensing devices, the pressing force can be adaptively increased, ensuring the stability of operation.

[0041] The number and weight of the counterweight rings 320 are selected and manufactured according to the actual situation of the target object during actual operation.

[0042] Regarding the structure of the driving mechanism 100, specifically:

[0043] The driving mechanism 100 further includes an outer cylinder 110, a tooth - missing gear 120 that rotates around a fixed axis within the outer cylinder 110, and a vertical rod 130 that slides vertically within the outer cylinder 110. A long circular through - slot is provided on the vertical rod 130, and a first tooth 131 and a second tooth 132 are symmetrically arranged within the long circular through - slot. The tooth - missing gear 120 alternately meshes with the first tooth 131 and the second tooth 132. The ram 160 is connected to the bottom of the vertical rod 130.

[0044] The tooth - missing gear 120 is driven to rotate by a device such as a pumping unit or a motor. The tooth - missing gear 120 is in Figure 3Rotate counterclockwise in the [state]. When the toothless gear 120 meshes with the first tooth 131, it can drive the vertical rod 130 to move upward in the outer cylinder 110. When the toothless gear 120 continues to rotate and disengages from the first tooth 131, the vertical rod 130 and the pressing head 160 move downward under the action of gravity. At this time, the pressing head 160 lands on the target object and presses the target object. When the toothless gear 120 meshes with the second tooth 132, it can drive the vertical rod 130 to move downward, and this process provides drive for the subsequent clamping of the pressing head 160 by the clamping jaws 152.

[0045] In an alternative embodiment of the present embodiment, preferably:

[0046] A connecting cylinder 140 is connected to the bottom of the vertical rod 130. A clamping jaw 152 is hinged to the bottom end of the connecting cylinder 140. A positioning rod 161 is connected to the top of the pressing head 160. A clamping column 162 is connected to the top of the positioning rod 161. The clamping jaw 152 clamps the clamping column 162.

[0047] A clamping jaw 152 is hinged to the bottom end of the connecting cylinder 140. In the natural state, multiple clamping jaws 152 hang downward under the action of gravity. Multiple positioning rods 161 are inserted through the middle of the counterweight ring 320. An inclined surface is provided at the bottom of the clamping jaw 152, and a conical surface is provided at the top of the clamping column 162. An annular groove is provided in the middle, and a conical surface identical to the top is provided at the bottom of the annular groove. When the toothless gear 120 meshes with the second tooth 132 and causes the connecting cylinder 140 to move downward, the conical surface at the top of the clamping column 162 pushes the inclined surface at the bottom of the clamping jaw 152, causing the multiple clamping jaws 152 to move away from each other. After the annular groove in the middle of the clamping column 162 moves to the position of the clamping jaw 152, the clamping jaw 152 hangs downward under the action of gravity and buckles into the annular groove of the clamping column 162, completing the locking of the positioning rod 161. At this time, when the toothless gear 120 continues to rotate and meshes with the first tooth 131, it can drive the pressing head 160 to move upward, storing energy for the next pressing.

[0048] Regarding the structure of the separation mechanism 200, specifically:

[0049] The separation mechanism 200 includes a collar 150 that slides in the connecting cylinder 140. A pull rope 151 is connected between the collar 150 and the clamping jaw 152. A stop block 270 is provided on the inner wall of the outer cylinder 110. When the vertical rod 130 moves downward, the stop block 270 blocks the collar 150, so that the collar 150 pulls the clamping jaw 152 to release the clamping column 162 through the pull rope 151.

[0050] During the downward movement of the vertical rod 130, the collar 150 moves downward synchronously with it. When the pressing head 160 is about to contact the target object, the collar 150 has moved to the position where it contacts the stopper 270 at this time. The stopper 270 blocks the collar 150, causing the collar 150 to slide upward on the connecting cylinder 140. And the collar 150 is connected to a plurality of jaws 152 through a pull rope 151, and can pull the jaws 152 away from each other through the pull rope 151, thereby releasing the clamping state of the clamping column 162 and allowing the pressing head 160 to drop.

[0051] In an alternative embodiment of the present embodiment, preferably:

[0052] The separating mechanism 200 further includes a pressing frame 280 connected to the top of the vertical rod 130. The top of the outer cylinder 110 is connected to a piston cylinder 210. A piston plate 230 is slidably connected in the piston cylinder 210. A piston rod 220 is connected to the piston plate 230. A first return spring 240 is connected between the piston plate 230 and the piston cylinder 210. The inner wall of the outer cylinder 110 is connected to a rectangular cylinder 260. The stopper 270 slides in the rectangular cylinder 260. And a pipe 250 communicates between the rectangular cylinder 260 and the piston cylinder 210. When the missing-tooth gear 120 meshes with the second tooth 132, the pressing frame 280 presses the piston rod 220, so that the stopper 270 retracts into the rectangular cylinder 260, and the collar 150 moves downward, so that the jaws 152 can re-clamp the clamping column 162.

[0053] When the collar 150 moves upward to release the clamping of the clamping column 162 by the jaws 152, the pressing frame 280 is at the position where it just contacts the piston rod 220. At this time, the pressing head 160 is separated from the connecting cylinder 140, but the distance between them is not far. Thus, if the pressing head 160 rebounds when it hits the target object, the clamping column 162 can move upward to the position of the connecting cylinder 140;

[0054] After the missing-tooth gear 120 continues to rotate and meshes with the second tooth 132, the vertical rod 130 is driven to move downward. At this time, the pressing frame 280 presses the piston rod 220, causing the piston rod 220 to move downward in the piston cylinder 210. Thus, the piston cylinder 210 extracts the medium in the rectangular cylinder 260 through the pipe 250, causing the stopper 270 to retract into the rectangular cylinder 260. At this time, the collar 150 can move downward without being blocked by the stopper 270, so that the jaws 152 return to the vertical state. At the same time, the missing-tooth gear 120 is driving the connecting cylinder 140 to move downward at this time, and can further cause the jaws 152 to clamp the clamping column 162, ensuring that after the missing-tooth gear 120 meshes with the first tooth 131, it can drive the pressing head 160 to move upward.

[0055] Regarding the structure of the counterweight mechanism 300, specifically:

[0056] The counterweight mechanism 300 further includes a mounting frame 310 connected to the connecting cylinder 140. The mounting frame 310 is inserted into a plurality of counterweight rings 320. A clamping block 350 corresponding to each of the plurality of counterweight rings 320 is slidably connected inside the mounting frame 310. When the rebound distance of the pressing head 160 increases, the plurality of clamping blocks 350 are successively retracted into the mounting frame 310 from bottom to top, so that the plurality of counterweight rings 320 are released one by one.

[0057] Since the distance between the pressing head 160 and the connecting cylinder 140 is not far after the pressing head 160 is released, when the pressing head 160 rebounds, it can approach the connecting cylinder 140 again. Among the plurality of clamping blocks 350, the lower ones first retract into the mounting frame 310, so that the lowermost counterweight ring 320 is unlocked. Thus, the lowermost counterweight ring 320 can fall on the pressing head 160. The pressing head 160 with one counterweight ring 320 installed continues to load the target object. If it rebounds again, it means that the pressing force needs to be further increased. Then, the second-lowest clamping block 350 retracts into the mounting frame 310, so that the second-lowest counterweight ring 320 is released, further increasing the mass of the pressing head 160 and enhancing the impact force of the pressing head 160 on the target object, and so on.

[0058] In an alternative embodiment of the present embodiment, preferably:

[0059] The counterweight mechanism 300 further includes a driving frame 330. Guide bars 360 are connected to each of the plurality of clamping blocks 350. Oblique sliding grooves 361 are formed in the guide bars 360. A first vertical groove 362 and a second vertical groove 363 connected to both ends of the oblique sliding groove 361 are further formed in the guide bar 360 located in the middle. The lengths of the plurality of first vertical grooves 362 gradually increase from bottom to top, and the lengths of the plurality of second vertical grooves 363 gradually decrease from bottom to top; A sliding rod 340 cooperating with the plurality of guide bars 360 is connected to the driving frame 330.

[0060] When the rebound height of the pressing head 160 increases, it can drive the driving frame 330 to move upward. Accordingly, the sliding rod 340 on the driving frame 330 moves upward synchronously. The lowermost guide bar 360 does not have the first vertical groove 362. When the driving frame 330 moves upward, the lowermost sliding rod 340 slides upward in the oblique sliding groove 361, so that the lowermost clamping block 350 slides into the mounting frame 310. At this time, the remaining sliding rods 340 slide upward in the corresponding first vertical grooves 362 and do not drive the remaining clamping blocks 350 to slide into the mounting frame 310. After the lowermost clamping block 350 retracts into the mounting frame 310, the second-lowest sliding rod 340 just slides into the corresponding oblique sliding groove 361, and the lowermost sliding rod 340 slides in the second vertical groove 363. From bottom to top, and so on, ensuring that the upward movement of the driving frame 330 is not interfered, and also enabling the plurality of counterweight rings 320 to be released successively from bottom to top as the driving frame 330 moves upward.

[0061] In an alternative embodiment of the present embodiment, preferably:

[0062] A positioning ball 370 is connected to the outer wall of the indenter 160 through a spring, and a groove cooperating with the positioning ball 370 is formed in the inner wall of the counterweight ring 320.

[0063] The positioning ball 370 provides an auxiliary force to maintain the relative position between the counterweight ring 320 and the positioning rod 161, ensuring that when the indenter 160 rebounds, the counterweight ring 320 connected thereto will not have a large displacement relative to the indenter 160.

[0064] Regarding the structure of the transmission mechanism 400, specifically:

[0065] The transmission mechanism 400 includes a cylindrical cavity 410 formed in the connecting cylinder 140. A plug rod 420 is slidably connected to the lower part of the cylindrical cavity 410. The bottom end of the plug rod 420 is connected with a limiting plate 440. A second return spring 430 is connected between the limiting plate 440 and the connecting cylinder 140. A push rod 450 is connected to the driving frame 330. The push rod 450 slides in the upper part of the cylindrical cavity 410. An air inlet pipe 480 communicates with the cylindrical cavity 410. A one-way valve 481 is arranged on the air inlet pipe 480. An electric slider 470 is slidably connected to the driving frame 330. A ratchet pawl 472 is arranged on the electric slider 470. Ratchet teeth 473 cooperating with the ratchet pawl 472 are arranged on the connecting cylinder 140.

[0066] When the indenter 160 rebounds after hitting the target, the clamping column 162 at the top of the indenter 160 can approach and push the plug rod 420 to move upward. Thus, the plug rod 420 drives the push rod 450 to move upward through the medium in the cylindrical cavity 410. Then, the push rod 450 drives the driving frame 330 connected thereto to move upward. The sliding direction of the electric slider 470 is perpendicular to that of the driving frame 330. After the driving frame 330 moves upward, the cooperation between the ratchet pawl 472 and the ratchet teeth 473 makes the driving frame 330 not move downward. Subsequently, the second return spring 430 drives the plug rod 420 to move downward, generating a negative pressure in the cylindrical cavity 410. The negative pressure acts on the air inlet pipe 480 to extract external medium to fill the inside of the cylindrical cavity 410, so that when the plug rod 420 moves upward again, it can drive the driving frame 330 to continue to move upward through the medium in the cylindrical cavity 410.

[0067] In an optional manner of this embodiment, preferably:

[0068] A through hole 460 is formed in the middle of the push rod 450. An exhaust hole 471 is formed in the electric slider 470. A delay switch is arranged at the bottom of the limiting plate 440. When the delay switch is continuously pressed, the electric slider 470 slides to communicate the exhaust hole 471 with the through hole 460, and the ratchet pawl 472 disengages from the ratchet teeth 473.

[0069] When the device needs to be reset, after the indenter 160 disengages from the jaw 152, the rotation of the toothless gear 120 is stopped, and an external press is used to apply pressure to the vertical rod 130, causing the vertical rod 130 to move downward to the lowest position of the stroke where the piston rod 220 is completely pressed into the piston cylinder 210. At this time, the clamping column 162 applies pressure to the insertion rod 420 through the limit plate 440, causing the insertion rod 420 to be at the maximum sliding stroke, and maintaining this state, so that the delay switch of the limit plate 440 is activated after being pressed for a long time and controls the sliding of the electric slider 470, making the exhaust hole 471 communicate with the through hole 460, and the pawl 472 disengages from the ratchet tooth 473. Thus, the medium in the cylindrical cavity 410 leaks out through the exhaust hole 471 and the through hole 460, and then the driving frame 330 moves downward under its own weight;

[0070] It should be noted here that when the vertical rod 130 moves downward to the lowest position of the stroke, the mounting frame 310 is completely inserted into the plurality of counterweight rings 320, and the plurality of clamping blocks 350 correspond to the card slots in the corresponding counterweight rings 320. Thus, after the driving frame 330 moves downward, the plurality of clamping blocks 350 can be reset, locking the plurality of counterweight rings 320 again to complete the reset of the counterweight rings 320. And this operation is not affected by the number of released counterweight rings 320. No matter how many counterweight rings 320 are released, the reset operation can be carried out;

[0071] After the pressure on the vertical rod 130 is released, the limit plate 440 no longer contacts the clamping column 162, and then the electric slider 470 resets.

[0072] Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements on some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A pressure adaptive adjustment device for a press machine, characterized in that: It comprises a driving mechanism (100) and a counterweight mechanism (300), wherein the driving mechanism (100) comprises a pressing head (160) and an outer cylinder (110), and the pressing head (160) vertically slides in the outer cylinder (110); The counterweight mechanism (300) comprises a plurality of counterweight rings (320) connected to the driving mechanism (100); when the rebound distance of the ram (160) from tamping the ground increases, the counterweight rings (320) are connected to the ram (160) and move synchronously with the ram (160).

2. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device of a press machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism (100) further comprises an outer cylinder (110), a toothless gear (120) which rotates on a fixed axis on the outer cylinder (110), and a vertical rod (130) which slides vertically on the outer cylinder (110); an elongated through groove is provided on the vertical rod (130); a first tooth (131) and a second tooth (132) are symmetrically arranged in the elongated through groove; the toothless gear (120) is alternately meshed with the first tooth (131) and the second tooth (132); and the pressure head (160) is connected to the bottom of the vertical rod (130).

3. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device of a press machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the vertical rod (130) is connected to a connecting tube (140), the bottom end of the connecting tube (140) is hinged with a clamping claw (152), the top of the pressure head (160) is connected to a positioning rod (161), the top of the positioning rod (161) is connected to a clamping column (162), and the clamping claw (152) is clamped on the clamping column (162).

4. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device of a press machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device also includes a separation mechanism (200), wherein the separation mechanism (200) includes a ring (150) sliding on the connecting tube (140), a pull rope (151) connected between the ring (150) and the clamping jaw (152), and a stopper (270) is provided on the inner wall of the outer tube (110). When the vertical rod (130) moves downward, the stopper (270) blocks the ring (150), so that the ring (150) pulls the clamping jaw (152) through the pull rope (151) to loosen the clamping column (162).

5. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device for a press machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The separation mechanism (200) further comprises a pressure frame (280) connected to the top of the vertical rod (130); the top of the outer cylinder (110) is connected to a piston cylinder (210); a piston plate (230) is slidably connected inside the piston cylinder (210); a piston rod (220) is connected to the piston plate (230); a first return spring (240) is connected between the piston plate (230) and the piston cylinder (210); and a rectangular cylinder (260) is connected to the inner wall of the outer cylinder (110). The stopper (270) slides in the rectangular tube (260), and a pipe (250) is connected between the rectangular tube (260) and the piston tube (210). When the toothless gear (120) is engaged with the second tooth (132), the pressure frame (280) presses the piston rod (220), so that the stopper (270) retracts into the rectangular tube (260), and the collar (150) moves downward, so that the clamping jaw (152) can clamp the clamping column (162) again.

6. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device of a press machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The counterweight mechanism (300) further comprises a mounting frame (310) connected to the connecting tube (140), the mounting frame (310) being plugged into the plurality of counterweight rings (320), a clamping block (350) corresponding one to one to the plurality of counterweight rings (320) being slidably connected inside the mounting frame (310), and when the rebound distance of the pressure head (160) increases, the plurality of clamping blocks (350) are successively retracted from bottom to top into the mounting frame (310) so that the plurality of counterweight rings (320) are released one by one.

7. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device of a press machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The counterweight mechanism (300) further comprises a driving frame (330), a plurality of the clamping blocks (350) are connected to guide bars (360), the guide bars (360) are provided with an inclined slide groove (361), the guide bars (360) located in the middle are further provided with a first vertical groove (362) and a second vertical groove (363) connected to both ends of the inclined slide groove (361), the lengths of the plurality of the first vertical grooves (362) gradually increase from bottom to top, and the lengths of the plurality of the second vertical grooves (363) gradually decrease from bottom to top; The driving frame (330) is connected to a sliding rod (340) that cooperates with the plurality of guide bars (360).

8. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device of a press machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: A positioning ball (370) is connected to the outer wall of the pressure head (160) via a spring, and a groove matching the positioning ball (370) is formed on the inner wall of the counterweight ring (320).

9. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device for a press machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The transmission mechanism (400) further comprises a cylindrical cavity (410) provided in the connecting tube (140), a plug rod (420) being slidably connected to the lower part of the cylindrical cavity (410), a limit plate (440) being connected to the bottom end of the plug rod (420), a second return spring (430) being connected between the limit plate (440) and the connecting tube (140), a push rod (450) being connected to the driving frame (330), the push rod (450) being slidable on the upper part of the cylindrical cavity (410), an air intake pipe (480) being connected to the cylindrical cavity (410), and a one-way valve (481) being provided on the air intake pipe (480); The driving frame (330) is slidably connected with an electric slider (470), the electric slider (470) is provided with a ratchet pawl (472), and the connecting cylinder (140) is provided with a ratchet tooth (473) that cooperates with the ratchet pawl (472).

10. The pressure self-adapting adjustment device of a press machine according to claim 9, characterized in that: A through hole (460) is provided in the middle of the push rod (450), an exhaust hole (471) is provided on the electric slider (470), and a delay switch is provided at the bottom of the limit plate (440). When the delay switch is continuously pressed, the electric slider (470) slides so that the exhaust hole (471) is connected to the through hole (460), and the ratchet pawl (472) is disengaged from the ratchet tooth (473).

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