Modularized wave-absorbing concrete floating system and wave-absorbing design method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a modular wave-absorbing concrete floating system and a wave-absorbing design method thereof, and the floating system comprises a plurality of modular concrete floating structures which are modularly manufactured and connected as required, the modular concrete floating structure comprises a prefabricated structure main body frame, an anchor chain with an anchor, a connecting lock chain, a raft type wave energy conversion device and an aquaculture net cage, the prefabricated structure main body frame is formed by connecting concrete prefabricated sections, and light floating boxes and stress rib frameworks are prefabricated and embedded in the concrete prefabricated sections; a plurality of net cage placing holes are formed in the prefabricated structure main body frame, an aquaculture net cage is placed in each net cage placing hole, and a raft type wave energy conversion device is mounted on an upper frame of each aquaculture net cage; wave absorbing blocks are arrayed on the front side face and the rear side face of the prefabricated structure body frame to form a front breakwater and a rear breakwater. The modularized wave-absorbing concrete floating type structure is simple, stable, durable and low in manufacturing and maintenance cost, has the aquaculture function, is high in wind and wave resistance and can effectively utilize wave energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ocean engineering, and particularly relates to a modular wave-dissipating concrete floating system and a wave-dissipating design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The ocean is rich in fishery resources, but it also brings natural disasters. Considering the threat of medium- and long-period waves coming from the open sea to existing ocean structures and the near shore, it is necessary to rely on floating breakwaters or the ocean structures themselves to cope with the harm caused by sea waves.

[0003] Traditional floating breakwaters have good ability to resist short waves, but they have high economic costs and weak ability to prevent medium- and long-period waves, so further improvement is needed. Most traditional offshore aquaculture rafts are made of wood, which has good sustainability and economy, but poor wave resistance. Although the new offshore aquaculture structures are more solid and reliable compared with traditional offshore aquaculture rafts, as steel structure floating platforms, they still have problems such as high construction cost, easy corrosion, and high maintenance cost that need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a modular wave-dissipating concrete floating system and a wave-dissipating design method thereof. The modular wave-dissipating concrete floating system is simple, stable and durable, has low manufacturing and maintenance costs, has an aquaculture function, strong wave resistance, and can effectively utilize wave energy.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a modular wave-dissipating concrete floating system, including a number of modular concrete floating structures manufactured modularly and connected as required. The modular concrete floating structure includes a prefabricated structure main frame, an anchor chain with an anchor, a connecting chain, a raft-type wave energy conversion device, and an aquaculture net cage. The prefabricated structure main frame is composed of concrete precast segments connected together. Lightweight floating boxes and stress reinforcement skeletons are precast and embedded in the concrete precast segments. A plurality of net cage placement holes are formed on the prefabricated structure main frame, and an aquaculture net cage is placed in each net cage placement hole. The upper frame of the aquaculture net cage is connected to the net cage placement holes on its outer periphery through a number of connecting members. A number of raft-type wave energy conversion devices are installed on the upper frames of each aquaculture net cage to convert wave energy into electric energy; the front and rear side surfaces of the prefabricated structure main frame have designed inclined surfaces, and wave-dissipating blocks are respectively arranged in an array on the front and rear side surfaces to form front and rear breakwaters; a plurality of anchor chains and connecting chains are spacedly connected to the outer side part of the prefabricated structure main frame, which are respectively used for fixing to the seabed and connecting between adjacent modular concrete floating structures.

[0006] Furthermore, ballast tanks are respectively connected to four corners of the main frame of the prefabricated structure. The ballast tanks are concrete modules and are spliced with the main frame of the prefabricated structure as a whole, and are used to adjust the overall draft depth of the main frame of the prefabricated structure.

[0007] Furthermore, the preparation material of the concrete precast segment is one or a combination of two of lightweight concrete and high-strength concrete;

[0008] The stress reinforcement skeleton is prepared from a reinforcing fiber material (FRP) through a forming process. The reinforcing fiber material includes one or any several of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber, and the forming process includes one or any several of winding, molding, and pultrusion;

[0009] The lightweight floating box is made of a lightweight and high-strength buoyancy material, and the lightweight and high-strength buoyancy material is one of a chemically foamed buoyancy material, a hollow microsphere composite foam buoyancy material, and a three-phase composite foam material.

[0010] Furthermore, the front and rear side surfaces of the main frame of the prefabricated structure are the wave-facing surface and the wave-backing surface. The wave-dissipating blocks are distributed in a staggered array on the wave-facing surface and the wave-backing surface to form front and rear breakwaters with the same structure and symmetry in the front and back. When the breakwater on the wave-facing surface is damaged, the modular concrete floating structure is turned 180°, so that the breakwater on the wave-backing surface is used to resist waves, and the damaged breakwater on the wave-facing surface is repaired.

[0011] Furthermore, the wave-dissipating block is a hollow wave-dissipating block, and the hollow wave-dissipating block is filled with a lightweight and high-strength buoyancy material.

[0012] Furthermore, the connecting member is a rotating connecting member. One side of the rotating connecting member is connected to the upper frame of the aquaculture net cage, and the other side is connected to the inner side wall of the net cage placement hole, so as to have a certain degree of freedom of movement of the aquaculture net cage relative to the main frame of the prefabricated structure while restricting the displacement of the aquaculture net cage; the raft-type wave energy conversion device converts wave energy, that is, the mechanical energy generated by the relative movement of the wave-driven aquaculture net cage and the main frame of the prefabricated structure, into electrical energy to meet the power consumption requirements of the electrical equipment on the concrete floating structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the raft-type wave energy conversion device includes a swinging member and a seat body, wherein the seat body is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cage placement hole of the prefabricated structure main frame, wherein a transmission mechanism, a rotor and a stator are arranged in the seat body, wherein the rotor and the stator are concentrically arranged and can rotate relative to the stator, wherein the first connecting end of the swinging member is rotationally connected to the upper frame of the aquaculture cage, and the second connecting end is rotationally connected to the seat body through a bearing, so as to realize the relative rotation of the swinging member and the seat body driven by the wave-driven aquaculture cage, and the second connecting end is also transmission-connected to the rotor through the transmission mechanism to drive the rotor to rotate, thereby realizing power generation by cutting the magnetic lines of force, i.e. realizing the conversion of wave energy into electrical energy.

[0014] Furthermore, the plurality of modular concrete floating structures are arranged side by side, and each modular concrete floating structure is fixed to the seabed by three anchor chains on the front and rear sides of the prefabricated structure main frame, and adjacent modular concrete floating structures are connected to each other by two connecting chains on the left and right sides of the prefabricated structure main frame.

[0015] Furthermore, the material of the anchor chain and the connecting chain is anti-corrosion steel or reinforced fiber material (FRP), the anti-corrosion steel is one or any several of stainless steel, carbon steel, and plastic-lined steel, and the reinforced fiber material is one or any several of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber.

[0016] The present invention also provides a wave-breaking design method for the modular wave-breaking concrete floating system, including the design of the connector between the aquaculture cage and the prefabricated structure main frame, the size design of the prefabricated structure main frame, and the size design of the wave-breaking block;

[0017] The design method of the connecting piece between the aquaculture cage and the prefabricated structure main frame is:

[0018] A plurality of ear plates are fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the cage placement hole of the prefabricated structure main frame, and oblong holes are opened on the ear plates. The rear end of the connecting piece is connected to the ear plate through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft can swing up and down in the ear plate. The front end of the connecting piece is connected to the upper frame of the breeding cage;

[0019] Design the size of the aquaculture cage and the cage placement hole, calculate the restraint force of the connector between the aquaculture cage and the main frame of the prefabricated structure, and determine the pin size and rotation angle limit of the connector; the pin size is calculated according to the following formula:

[0020]

[0021] The angle between the connecting member and the horizontal direction when the connecting member swings upward or downward is the rotation angle α, the rotation angle is 0° when the connecting member is in a horizontal state, and the limit value of the rotation angle α is in the range of [60°, 76°].y,g is the ultimate tensile strength of the ear plate, t is the thickness of a single ear plate, and α w is a parameter related to the ratio of wave height to wavelength, and is obtained through calculation, and f yv,p is the ultimate shear strength of the pin shaft, and d p is the diameter of the pin shaft, ρ w is the seawater density, H is the significant wave height, T is the wave period, L is the wavelength, and B v is the side length dimension of the cage placement hole, and B w is the width of the main frame of the precast structure;

[0022] In the main frame of the precast structure, the cross-sectional structures of the first concrete precast segments located on the front and rear sides of the main frame of the precast structure are the same. The upper and lower sides of the cross-section of the first concrete precast segment are straight edges, and one of the left and right sides is a semi-elliptical arc, and the other side is an inclined edge; the cross-sectional structures of the second concrete precast segments located on the left and right sides of the main frame of the precast structure and between the two cage placement holes are the same. The upper and lower sides of the cross-section of the second concrete precast segment are straight edges, and both the left and right sides are semi-elliptical arcs; both the first concrete precast segment and the second concrete precast segment have hollow cavities and are embedded with lightweight floating boxes; since the strength of the first concrete precast segment is higher than that of the second concrete precast segment, the cross-section of the second concrete precast segment is used as the most unfavorable cross-section to calculate the overall structural reliability of the main frame of the precast structure;

[0023] Design the size of the main frame of the precast structure according to the actual use requirements. Among them, the cross-sectional height H m takes 1 / 8 to 1 / 5 of the opening size B v of the cage placement hole and is not less than 2m. The cross-sectional width B m of the second concrete precast segment, that is, the length of the straight edges on the upper and lower sides takes 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the cross-sectional height H m . The rise d m of the arc part of the cross-section of the second concrete precast segment does not exceed 1 / 6 of the cross-sectional height H m ; The following two formulas are used to quickly judge whether the flexural and shear bearing capacities of the modular concrete floating structure meet the strength requirements:

[0024] Flexure:

[0025] Shear: f v H m t v ≥ max{0.175ρ w gB m B L H, 0.235γ c B m BL H m}

[0026] Among them, f c is the ultimate compressive strength of concrete, γ c is the unit weight of concrete, f y is the ultimate tensile strength of the reinforcing fiber material, A s is the cross-sectional area of the reinforcing fiber material in the tension zone, B m is the width of the second precast concrete segment, H m is the height of the second precast concrete segment, t h is the wall thickness on the upper and lower sides of the second precast concrete segment, t v is the wall thickness on the left and right sides of the second precast concrete segment, B L is the length of the second precast concrete segment; in the above two formulas, the left term represents the limit value of the force, and the right term represents the force brought by the wave. As long as the force is not greater than the limit value, it is considered to meet the strength requirements;

[0027] The method for designing the size of the wave dissipating block is as follows:

[0028] Determine the size, spacing and breakwater slope gradient of the wave dissipating block;

[0029] The slope gradient ▽m of the breakwater is 2:1 to 3:1. At least two rows of frustum-shaped wave dissipating blocks are arranged on the slope, and the bottom diameter of the wave dissipating block is not less than 0.8 m. The center distance between adjacent wave dissipating blocks does not exceed 1.5 times the bottom diameter of the wave dissipating block. The wave dissipating block and the first precast concrete segment are integrally cast;

[0030] According to the designed size of the aquaculture cage, the size of the main frame of the precast structure and the wave conditions of the sea area where it is located, calculate the wave dissipation capacity of the modular concrete floating structure. Considering the influence of the wave dissipating block, the main frame of the precast structure and the aquaculture cage on the wave dissipation performance, calculate the transmission coefficient K according to the following formula t , and use this as a reference index to quantify the wave dissipation capacity and judge the role of the modular concrete floating structure in wave dissipation;

[0031]

[0032] Among them, D is the draft depth of the main frame of the precast structure, and h is the water depth of the sea area where it is located; d net is the distance from the bottom of the aquaculture cage to the bottom surface of the main frame of the precast structure; n is the number of cages arranged in the width direction.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The present invention uses concrete as the material of the floating structure, which has the functions of a breakwater and aquaculture at the same time. The structure has good durability and economy. Compared with polymer materials, cement-based materials have stability in the marine environment and will not cause pollution to the marine environment. This structure can eliminate or weaken waves through the arc-shaped wall surface and wave dissipating blocks, and use the large open-hole area of the floating structure for marine aquaculture.

[0035] (2) The present invention uses wave dissipating blocks arranged bidirectionally, which is convenient for the full-cycle use of the floating breakwater. The wave dissipating blocks are designed with a hollow interior and filled with buoyancy materials to reduce weight. When the breakwater on the wave-facing side is damaged and needs to be repaired, the floating structure can be rotated 180 degrees, so that the wave-back side wall surface is used to resist waves, while the wave-facing side is repaired on the back side.

[0036] (3) Connecting pieces and raft-type wave energy conversion devices are respectively arranged on the side walls of the openings of the present invention. The connecting pieces are used to restrict the horizontal displacement between the net cage and the floating structure and have a certain rotation angle to limit how much displacement between the two to prevent damage to the raft-type wave energy conversion device; the raft-type wave energy conversion device restricts the vertical displacement between the two and generates electricity through the relative displacement between the net cage and the floating structure, and the generated green energy can be used to meet the normal use requirements of monitoring and detection and feeding equipment on the floating structure.

[0037] (4) The present invention has the feasibility of modular layout and can arrange 2-6 net cage holes on a single platform according to actual situations to meet the requirements of different aquaculture scales.

[0038] (5) The present invention is a multifunctional new modular concrete floating structure with high durability and low cost, which can provide wave dissipation and wave reduction to protect the coastline, and can provide a favorable environment for aquaculture and marine research, and has broad practical prospects.

[0039] (6) The present invention provides a clear wave dissipation design method for the concrete floating structure, providing a clear direction for the design of the multifunctional new modular wave dissipation concrete floating structure. Description of the Drawings

[0040] Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of the modular wave dissipation concrete floating structure of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 is a top view of the modular wave dissipation concrete floating structure of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 is a front view of the modular wave dissipation concrete floating structure of the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4It is a side view of the modular wave-dissipating concrete floating structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 It is Figure 2 the A-A cross-sectional view of

[0045] Figure 6 It is Figure 2 the B-B cross-sectional view of

[0046] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the raft-type wave energy conversion device and the aquaculture cage in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the raft-type wave energy conversion device in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the connecting piece and the ear plate in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the modular concrete floating structure in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of the second concrete precast segment in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 12 It is a schematic plan view of the precast structure main frame in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] In the figure: 1 - precast structure main frame, 2 - anchor chain with an anchor, 3 - connecting chain, 4 - wave-dissipating block, 5 - raft-type wave energy conversion device, 6 - connecting piece, 7 - aquaculture cage, 8 - ballast tank, 9 - upper frame of the aquaculture cage. Specific Embodiments

[0053] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0054] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0055] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0056] As shown Figures 1-6 in the figure, this embodiment provides a modular wave-dissipating concrete floating system. The structure achieves the purpose of a breakwater through a prefabricated structural main frame with wave-dissipating blocks. At the same time, aquaculture cages can be arranged on the prefabricated structural main frame for offshore aquaculture, and the relative movement between the aquaculture cages and the prefabricated structural main frame is utilized to generate energy to solve the power supply requirements of electrical equipment such as offshore monitoring and detection. In extreme weather, the draft of the floating structure can be adjusted through the ballast tank according to the actual usage situation, making a certain trade-off between the functions of the breakwater and the normal use of the platform, providing more possibilities for flood control and disaster resistance.

[0057] Specifically, the modular wave-dissipating concrete floating system includes a number of modular concrete floating structures that are modularly manufactured and connected as needed. The modular concrete floating structure includes a prefabricated structural main frame 1, an anchor chain 2 with an anchor, a connecting chain 3, a raft-type wave energy conversion device 5, and an aquaculture cage 7. The prefabricated structural main frame 1 is formed by connecting concrete precast segments. Lightweight floating boxes and stress rib skeletons are precast in the concrete precast segments. A plurality of cage placement holes are formed on the prefabricated structural main frame 1, and an aquaculture cage 7 is placed in each cage placement hole. The upper frame of the aquaculture cage 7 is connected to the cage placement holes on its outer periphery through a number of connectors 6. A number of raft-type wave energy conversion devices 5 are installed on the upper frame of each aquaculture cage 7 to convert wave energy into electrical energy; the front and rear sides of the prefabricated structural main frame 1 have designed inclined surfaces, and wave-dissipating blocks 4 are respectively arranged in an array on the front and rear sides to form front and rear breakwaters; a number of anchor chains 2 and connecting chains 3 are connected at intervals on the outer side of the prefabricated structural main frame 1 for fixing to the seabed and connecting adjacent modular concrete floating structures respectively.

[0058] Ballast tanks 8 are respectively connected to the four corners of the prefabricated structural main frame 1. The ballast tanks 8 are concrete modules and are spliced with the prefabricated structural main frame 1 as a whole, and are used to adjust the overall draft of the prefabricated structural main frame 1. It is possible to choose to increase the draft of the platform during extreme wind and wave periods, reduce the freeboard height, and weaken the function of the breakwater to a certain extent to ensure its use function as a floating structure.

[0059] In this embodiment, the preparation material of the concrete precast segment is one or a combination of two of lightweight concrete and high-strength concrete. The stress bar skeleton is prepared from a reinforcing fiber material (FRP) through a forming process. The reinforcing fiber material includes one or any combination of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber. The forming process includes one or any combination of winding, molding, and pultrusion. The lightweight floating box is made of a lightweight and high-strength buoyancy material, which is one of a chemically foamed buoyancy material, a hollow microsphere composite foam buoyancy material, and a three-phase composite foam material.

[0060] The front and rear sides of the precast structural main frame 1 are the wave-facing side and the wave-backing side. The wave dissipating blocks 4 are distributed in a staggered array on the wave-facing side and the wave-backing side to form front and rear breakwaters with the same structure and symmetry in the front and back. When the breakwater on the wave-facing side is damaged, the modular concrete floating structure can be rotated 180° so that the breakwater on the wave-backing side can be used to resist the waves while the damaged breakwater on the wave-facing side is repaired.

[0061] In this embodiment, the wave dissipating block 4 is a hollow wave dissipating block. On the premise of meeting the use requirements, the hollow wave dissipating block is filled with a lightweight and high-strength buoyancy material to reduce the weight.

[0062] As Figure 7 shown, in this embodiment, the connecting member 6 is a rotating connecting member. One side of the rotating connecting member is connected to the upper frame 9 of the aquaculture cage, and the other side is connected to the inner side wall of the cage placement hole, so as to enable the aquaculture cage 7 to have a certain degree of freedom of movement relative to the precast structural main frame 1 while restricting the displacement of the aquaculture cage 7. The connecting member 6 can restrain the horizontal and vertical displacements between the aquaculture cage and the precast structural main frame, has a certain rotation angle, and can also restrict the displacement between the two to prevent the raft-type wave energy conversion device from being damaged. The raft-type wave energy conversion device 5 converts wave energy, that is, the mechanical energy generated by the relative movement of the wave-driven aquaculture cage 7 and the precast structural main frame 1, into electrical energy to meet the power consumption requirements of electrical equipment such as monitoring and detection on the concrete floating structure through the generated green energy.

[0063] As Figure 8As shown, the raft type wave energy conversion device 5 comprises a swinging member 10 and a seat body, the seat body is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cage placement hole of the prefabricated structure main frame 1, the seat body is provided with a transmission mechanism 11, a rotor 12 and a stator 13, the rotor 12 is concentrically arranged with the stator 13 and can rotate relative to the stator 13, the first connecting end of the swinging member 10 is rotatably connected with the upper frame 9 of the aquaculture cage, and the second connecting end is rotatably connected with the seat body through a bearing, so as to realize the relative rotation of the swinging member and the seat body under the drive of the aquaculture cage driven by the wave, and the second connecting end is also connected with the rotor through the transmission mechanism to drive the rotor to rotate, so as to realize power generation by cutting the magnetic lines of force, that is, to realize the conversion of wave energy into electrical energy. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism comprises a speed-increasing gear set and a transmission belt mechanism, the outer periphery of the second connecting end has a gear-shaped structure, the gear-shaped mechanism cooperates with the gear on the speed-increasing gear set, and after the speed is increased by the speed-increasing gear set, the torque is transmitted to the rotor through the transmission belt. The rotor is an electromagnetic coil, the stator is oppositely arranged magnetic poles, and the electromagnetic coil leads out the current generated by the power generation through an external wire.

[0064] In order to realize large-scale aquaculture, the present embodiment includes a plurality of modular concrete floating structures arranged in parallel, each modular concrete floating structure is fixed to the seabed by three anchor chains 2 on the front and rear sides of the prefabricated structure main frame 1, and adjacent modular concrete floating structures are connected to each other by two connecting chains 3 on the left and right sides of the prefabricated structure main frame 1. 2-6 cage placement holes can be set in each modular concrete floating structure for placing aquaculture cages. The material of the anchor chain 2 and the connecting chain 3 is anti-corrosion steel or reinforced fiber material (FRP), the anti-corrosion steel is one or a combination of any of stainless steel, carbon steel, and plastic-lined steel, and the reinforcing fiber material is a combination of any of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber.

[0065] This embodiment also provides a wave-breaking design method for the modular wave-breaking concrete floating system, including the design of the connector 6 between the aquaculture cage 7 and the prefabricated structure main frame 1 , the size design of the prefabricated structure main frame 1 , and the size design of the wave-breaking block 4 .

[0066] 1. Design method of the connection piece 6 between the aquaculture cage 7 and the prefabricated structure main frame 1

[0067] A plurality of ear plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cage placement hole of the prefabricated structure main frame 1. The ear plates are provided with oblong holes. The rear end of the connector 6 is connected to the ear plate through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft can swing up and down in the ear plate to ensure that the up and down swing of the aquaculture cage is not affected by the connector during the wave action. The front end of the connector 6 is connected to the upper frame of the aquaculture cage 7. The connection structure of the connector and the ear plate in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 9 shown.

[0068] Design the size of the aquaculture cage 7 and the cage placement hole, calculate the constraint force of the connection between the aquaculture cage 7 and the prefabricated structure main frame 1, and combine it with the tensile and shear resistance formulas to determine the pin shaft size and rotation angle limit of the connection part 6.

[0069] The pin dimensions are calculated using the following formula:

[0070]

[0071] Wherein, the angle between the connecting member 6 and the horizontal direction when the connecting member 6 swings upward or downward is assumed to be the rotation angle α, the rotation angle is 0° when the connecting member 6 is in a horizontal state, and the value range of the limit value of the rotation angle α is [60°, 76°], f y,g is the ultimate tensile strength of the ear plate, t is the thickness of a single ear plate, α w is a parameter related to the ratio of wave height to wavelength, expressed by Calculated, f yb,p is the ultimate shear strength of the pin, d p is the pin diameter, ρ w is the seawater density, H is the effective wave height, T is the wave period, L is the wavelength, and B v B is the side length of the hole for placing the cage. w It is the width of the main frame of the prefabricated structure (in the short side direction). When calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of the structure later, it is necessary to confirm the safety of the connector size under the limit state through accurate dynamic analysis. It should be noted that in this design, the thickness of the connector is equal to the thickness of the ear plate to avoid further complication of the design.

[0072] 2. Dimension design method of prefabricated structure main frame 1

[0073] In the prefabricated structure main frame 1, the cross-sectional structure of the first prefabricated concrete sections located at the front and rear sides of the prefabricated structure main frame 1 is the same, the upper and lower sides of the cross-sectional structure of the first prefabricated concrete section are straight edges, one of the left and right sides is a semi-elliptical arc, and the other side is a beveled edge, such as Figure 10 The cross-sectional structure of the second prefabricated concrete section located on the left and right sides of the main frame 1 of the prefabricated structure and between the two cage placement holes is the same. The upper and lower sides of the cross-sectional area of ​​the second prefabricated concrete section are straight edges, and the left and right sides are semi-elliptical arcs, such as Figure 11 As shown; the first precast concrete section and the second precast concrete section both have a hollow cavity and are embedded in a lightweight pontoon; since the strength of the first precast concrete section is higher than that of the second precast concrete section, the cross-section of the second precast concrete section is used as the most unfavorable cross-section to calculate the overall structural reliability of the precast structure main frame 1.

[0074] The plane schematic diagram of the prefabricated structure main frame in this embodiment is as follows Figure 12 The dimensions of the prefabricated structure main frame 1 are designed according to actual use requirements, wherein the cross-sectional height H of the second prefabricated concrete section is m Take the opening size B of the cage placement hole v The cross-sectional width B of the second precast concrete section is 1 / 8 to 1 / 5 of the m , that is, the length of the upper and lower straight sides is the cross-sectional height H m 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the arc part of the second concrete precast section m Not exceeding the section height H m 1 / 6 of the total wave load, which meets this requirement to ensure the stability of the modular concrete floating structure. Due to the wave absorption performance of the overall structure, the wave lift force on the structural components can be significantly reduced. Therefore, a simplified calculation formula is given here. The following two formulas are used to quickly determine whether the bending and shear bearing capacity of the modular concrete floating structure meets the strength requirements:

[0075] Bending resistance:

[0076] Shear resistance: f v H m t v ≥max{0.175ρ w B m B L H,0.235γ c B m B L H m}

[0077] Among them, f c is the ultimate compressive strength of concrete, γ c is the concrete bulk density, f y To enhance the ultimate tensile strength of fiber materials, A s is the cross-sectional area of ​​the reinforcing fiber material in the tension zone, B m is the width of the second precast concrete section, H m is the height of the second precast concrete section, t h is the wall thickness of the upper and lower sides of the second precast concrete section, t v is the wall thickness of the left and right sides of the second precast concrete section, B L is the length of the second precast concrete section; in the above two formulas, the left term represents the limit value of the force, and the right term represents the force caused by the waves. As long as the force is not greater than the limit value, it is considered that the strength requirement is met; however, in the calculation process of the ultimate bearing capacity before subsequent application, it is still necessary to perform a hydrodynamic analysis on the precast structure main frame (1) and finally determine the size of the precast structure main frame (1) based on the simulated calculation of the force conditions.

[0078] 3. Design method for the size of the wave dissipating block 4

[0079] Determine the size, spacing of the wave dissipating block and the slope gradient of the breakwater

[0080] The slope gradient ▽m of the breakwater is 2:1 to 3:1. At least two rows of frustum-shaped wave dissipating blocks are arranged on the slope, the bottom diameter of the wave dissipating block is not less than 0.8 m, the center distance between adjacent wave dissipating blocks does not exceed 1.5 times the bottom diameter of the wave dissipating block, and the wave dissipating block and the first precast concrete segment are integrally cast.

[0081] According to the size of the designed aquaculture cage 7, the size of the main frame 1 of the precast structure and the wave conditions of the sea area where it is located, calculate the wave dissipating capacity of the modular concrete floating structure, considering the influence of the wave dissipating block, the main frame of the precast structure and the aquaculture cage on the wave dissipating performance, and calculate the transmission coefficient K according to the following formula t , and use this as a reference index to quantify the wave dissipating capacity and judge the role of the modular concrete floating structure in wave dissipation;

[0082]

[0083] Among them, D is the draft depth of the main frame 1 of the precast structure, and h is the water depth of the sea area where it is located; d net is the distance from the bottom of the aquaculture cage 7 to the bottom surface of the main frame 1 of the precast structure; n is the number of cages arranged in the width direction, and the default value is 2.

[0084] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is not a limitation of the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the disclosed technical content to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution content of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A modular wave-breaking concrete floating system, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of modular concrete floating structures which are manufactured in a modular manner and connected as required, wherein the modular concrete floating structure comprises a prefabricated structural main frame (1), an anchor chain (2) with an anchor, a connecting chain (3), a raft-type wave energy conversion device (5) and a culture cage (7), wherein the prefabricated structural main frame (1) is formed by connecting prefabricated concrete sections, wherein a lightweight buoy and a stress-bearing steel bar skeleton are prefabricated and embedded in the prefabricated concrete sections, wherein the prefabricated structural main frame (1) is provided with a plurality of cage placement holes, wherein a culture cage (7) is respectively placed in each cage placement hole, and wherein the culture cage ( The upper frame of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) is connected to the cage placement holes on its outer periphery through a plurality of connecting pieces (6), and a plurality of raft-type wave energy conversion devices (5) are installed on the upper frame of each aquaculture cage (7) to convert wave energy into electrical energy; the front and rear side surfaces of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) have designed inclined surfaces, and the front and rear side surfaces are respectively provided with wave-breaking blocks (4) in an array to form front and rear breakwaters; the outer side of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) is connected with a plurality of anchor chains (2) and connecting chains (3) at intervals, which are respectively used for fixing to the seabed and connecting adjacent modular concrete floating structures.

2. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The four corners of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) are respectively connected to ballast tanks (8), and the ballast tanks (8) are concrete modules and are spliced ​​together with the prefabricated structure main frame (1) as a whole, and are used to adjust the overall draft depth of the prefabricated structure main frame (1).

3. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The material used to prepare the prefabricated concrete section is one of lightweight concrete and high-strength concrete, or a combination of the two; The stressed rib skeleton is formed by a reinforcing fiber material through a molding process, wherein the reinforcing fiber material includes one or any combination of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber, and the molding process includes one or any combination of winding, molding, and pultrusion; The lightweight buoyancy box is made of a lightweight high-strength buoyancy material, and the lightweight high-strength buoyancy material is one of a chemical foaming buoyancy material, a hollow microsphere composite foam buoyancy material, and a three-phase composite foam material.

4. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front and rear sides of the prefabricated structural main frame (1) are the wave-facing surface and the wave-repelling surface, and the wave-breaking blocks (4) are arranged in a staggered array on the wave-facing surface and the wave-repelling surface to form front and rear breakwaters with the same structure and front-to-back symmetry, so that when the breakwater on the wave-facing surface is damaged, the modular concrete floating structure is turned 180 degrees, so that the breakwater on the wave-repelling surface is used to resist waves, and the damaged breakwater on the wave-facing surface is repaired.

5. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wave-breaking block (4) is a hollow wave-breaking block, and the interior of the hollow wave-breaking block is filled with a light and high-strength buoyancy material.

6. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting member (6) is a rotating connecting member, one side of which is connected to the upper frame of the aquaculture cage (7), and the other side of which is connected to the inner wall of the cage placement hole, so as to limit the displacement of the aquaculture cage (7) while allowing the aquaculture cage (7) to have a certain degree of freedom of movement relative to the prefabricated structure main frame (1); the raft-type wave energy conversion device (5) converts wave energy, that is, mechanical energy generated by the relative movement of the aquaculture cage (7) driven by the wave and the prefabricated structure main frame (1), into electrical energy, which is used to meet the power demand of electrical equipment on the concrete floating structure.

7. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raft-type wave energy conversion device (5) comprises a swinging member (10) and a seat body, wherein the seat body is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the cage placement hole of the prefabricated structure main frame (1), wherein a transmission mechanism (11), a rotor (12) and a stator (13) are arranged in the seat body, wherein the rotor (12) and the stator (13) are arranged concentrically and can rotate relative to the stator (13), wherein a first connecting end of the swinging member (10) is rotationally connected to an upper frame of a culture cage, and a second connecting end is rotationally connected to the seat body via a bearing, so that the swinging member can rotate relative to the seat body when driven by the culture cage driven by waves, and the second connecting end is also transmission-connected to the rotor via the transmission mechanism, so as to drive the rotor to rotate, thereby generating electricity by cutting magnetic lines of force, i.e., converting wave energy into electrical energy.

8. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of modular concrete floating structures are arranged side by side, each modular concrete floating structure is fixed to the seabed by three anchor chains (2) on the front and rear sides of the prefabricated structure main frame (1), and adjacent modular concrete floating structures are connected to each other by two connecting chains (3) on the left and right sides of the prefabricated structure main frame (1).

9. The modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor chain (2) and the connecting chain (3) are made of anti-corrosion steel or reinforced fiber material. The anti-corrosion steel is one or any combination of stainless steel, carbon steel, and plastic-lined steel. The reinforced fiber material is one or any combination of glass fiber, carbon fiber, and aramid fiber.

10. The wave-breaking design method of the modular wave-breaking concrete floating system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: It includes the design of the connection piece (6) between the aquaculture cage (7) and the prefabricated structure main frame (1), the size design of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) and the size design of the wave-breaking block (4); The design method of the connecting piece (6) between the breeding cage (7) and the prefabricated structural main frame (1) is as follows: A plurality of ear plates are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the cage placement hole of the prefabricated structure main frame (1), and oblong holes are opened on the ear plates. The rear end of the connecting member (6) is connected to the ear plate through a pin shaft, and the pin shaft can swing up and down in the ear plate. The front end of the connecting member (6) is connected to the upper frame of the breeding cage (7); Design the size of the aquaculture cage (7) and the cage placement hole, calculate the constraint force of the connection between the aquaculture cage (7) and the prefabricated structure main frame (1), and then determine the pin size and rotation angle limit of the connection (6); The pin dimensions are calculated using the following formula: Wherein, the angle between the connecting member (6) and the horizontal direction when the connecting member (6) swings upward or downward is assumed to be the rotation angle α, the rotation angle is 0° when the connecting member (6) is in a horizontal state, and the limit value of the rotation angle α is in the range of [60°, 76°], f y,g is the ultimate tensile strength of the ear plate, t is the thickness of a single ear plate, α w is a parameter related to the ratio of wave height to wavelength, expressed by Calculated, f yv,p is the ultimate shear strength of the pin, d p is the pin diameter, ρ w is the seawater density, H is the effective wave height, T is the wave period, L is the wavelength, and B v B is the side length of the hole for placing the cage. w is the width of the main frame of the prefabricated structure; In the prefabricated structure main frame (1), the cross-sectional structure of the first prefabricated concrete section located at the front and rear sides of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) is the same, the upper and lower sides of the cross-sectional structure of the first prefabricated concrete section are straight edges, one of the left and right sides is a semi-elliptical arc, and the other side is a beveled edge; the cross-sectional structure of the second prefabricated concrete section located at the left and right sides of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) and between the two cage placement holes is the same, the upper and lower sides of the cross-sectional structure of the second prefabricated concrete section are straight edges, and the left and right sides are both semi-elliptical arcs; the first prefabricated concrete section and the second prefabricated concrete section both have a hollow cavity and are embedded in a lightweight pontoon; since the strength of the first prefabricated concrete section is higher than that of the second prefabricated concrete section, the cross-sectional structure of the second prefabricated concrete section is used as the most unfavorable cross-sectional structure to calculate the overall structural reliability of the prefabricated structure main frame (1); The dimensions of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) are designed according to actual use requirements, wherein the cross-sectional height H of the second prefabricated concrete section is m Take the opening size B of the cage placement hole v The cross-sectional width B of the second precast concrete section is 1 / 8 to 1 / 5 of the m , that is, the length of the upper and lower straight sides is the cross-sectional height H m 1 / 2 to 1 / 3 of the arc part of the second concrete precast section m Not exceeding the section height H m 1 / 6 of the strength requirement; the following two formulas are used to quickly determine whether the bending and shear bearing capacity of the modular concrete floating structure meets the strength requirements: Bending resistance: Shear resistance: f v H m t v ≥ max{0.175ρ w gB m B L H, 0.235γ c B m B L H m} Among them, f c is the ultimate compressive strength of concrete, γ c is the concrete bulk density, f y To enhance the ultimate tensile strength of fiber materials, A s is the cross-sectional area of ​​the reinforcing fiber material in the tension zone, B m is the width of the second precast concrete section, H m is the height of the second precast concrete section, t h is the wall thickness of the upper and lower sides of the second precast concrete section, t v is the wall thickness of the left and right sides of the second precast concrete section, B L is the length of the second concrete precast section; in the above two formulas, the left term represents the limit value of the force, and the right term represents the force caused by the wave. As long as the force is not greater than the limit value, it is considered to meet the strength requirements; The size design method of the wave-breaking block (4) is as follows: Determine the size and spacing of the wave-breaking blocks and the slope gradient of the breakwater; The slope gradient of the breakwater The ratio is 2:1 to 3:

1. At least two rows of truncated cone-shaped wave-breaking blocks are arranged on the slope, and the bottom diameter of the wave-breaking blocks is not less than 0.8m. The center distance between adjacent wave-breaking blocks does not exceed 1.5 times the bottom diameter of the wave-breaking blocks. The wave-breaking blocks and the first concrete precast section are cast in an integrated manner. The wave-breaking capacity of the modular concrete floating structure is calculated based on the designed size of the aquaculture cage (7), the size of the prefabricated structure main frame (1) and the wave conditions in the sea area. The influence of the wave-breaking blocks, the prefabricated structure main frame and the aquaculture cage on the wave-breaking performance is considered, and the transmission coefficient K is calculated according to the following formula: t , and use this as a reference index to quantify the wave-breaking capacity and determine the role of the modular concrete floating structure in wave-breaking; in, D is the draft of the prefabricated structural main frame (1), and h is the water depth of the sea area; d net is the distance from the bottom of the breeding cage (7) to the bottom surface of the prefabricated structural main frame (1); n is the number of cages arranged along the width direction.

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