Intelligent control system and method for powdered coal gasification furnace

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent control system and method for a pulverized coal gasification furnace, and belongs to the technical field of pulverized coal gasification. The intelligent control system for the pulverized coal gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body, wherein the gasification furnace body is provided with a pulverized coal inlet, an oxygen inlet, a steam inlet, a synthesis gas outlet, a slag discharging opening and a purging opening; the sensor module comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a gas component analyzer and an ash thickness sensor which are respectively arranged in the combustion area of the gasification furnace body, the synthesis gas outlet and the slag discharge port; and the actuating mechanism module driven by power comprises a pulverized coal regulating valve, an oxygen regulating valve, a steam regulating valve, a synthesis gas regulating valve, a slag discharging valve and a purging valve. In the application, the controller controls the actuating mechanism module to act to adjust the flow of the corresponding port according to the parameters fed back by the sensor module, so that the gasification process is stabilized, the control efficiency is high, manpower is avoided, and the process is stopped in time when the process is abnormal so as to ensure the production safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of pulverized coal gasification, and more specifically, to an intelligent control system and method for a pulverized coal gasifier. Background Art

[0002] As a core device in the fields of coal chemical industry and coal gasification, the pulverized coal gasifier converts pulverized coal into syngas through high-temperature gasification reactions, providing raw materials for downstream chemical production. In the prior art, the operating parameters of the gasifier mostly rely on the experience of operators to set, lacking real-time feedback and automatic optimization mechanisms. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To make up for the above deficiencies, this application provides an intelligent control system and method for a pulverized coal gasifier, aiming to improve the problems mentioned in the above background art.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of this application provides an intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier, including a gasifier body, which is provided with a pulverized coal inlet, an oxygen inlet, a steam inlet, a syngas outlet, a slag discharge port, and a purging port; a sensor module, including a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a gas composition analyzer, and a slag thickness sensor, which are respectively arranged in the combustion zone of the gasifier body, the syngas outlet, and the slag discharge port; a power-driven actuator module, including a pulverized coal control valve, an oxygen control valve, a steam control valve, a syngas control valve, a slag discharge valve, and a purging valve, which are respectively arranged on the pulverized coal inlet, the oxygen inlet, the steam inlet, the syngas outlet, the slag discharge port, and the purging port; a controller, which is communicatively connected with the sensor module and the actuator module, and the controller controls the opening and closing and the opening degree of each actuator according to the feedback of the sensor module and a preset control logic to achieve intelligent control of the pulverized coal gasifier.

[0005] Among them, the controller controls the action of the actuator module according to the parameters fed back by the sensor module to adjust the flow rate of the corresponding port, thereby stabilizing the gasification process, with high control efficiency, eliminating manual operation, and in case of process abnormalities, stopping in time to ensure production safety.

[0006] In a specific implementation, the pulverized coal control valve and the oxygen control valve are controlled in a linked manner, and the controller optimizes the opening degree ratio of the two according to the real-time oxygen-to-coal ratio, so that the volume percentage of CO + H 2 in the syngas ≥ 80%, and when the gas composition analyzer detects that the volume concentration of CO < 40%, an alarm is triggered and the oxygen supply is reduced.

[0007] In the above implementation process, the linked control of the pulverized coal control valve and the oxygen control valve is the core of the intelligent control of the gasifier. Its goal is to ensure efficient and stable gasification reactions by dynamically adjusting the oxygen-to-coal ratio, and the volume percentage of CO + H 2The volume ratio is ≥80%. When the oxygen-coal ratio increases, the oxygen control valve is reduced while the pulverized coal control valve is increased. When the oxygen-coal ratio decreases, the reverse adjustment is made. When the gas composition analyzer detects that the CO concentration < 40%, it indicates that the reaction is out of balance, possibly due to excessive oxygen or insufficient pulverized coal. The opening of the oxygen control valve is reduced within 5 seconds to reduce the oxygen supply. At the same time, the opening of the steam control valve is increased to increase the CO concentration through the water-gas reaction. The controller triggers an alarm to notify the technician to analyze the specific reason, and the coal quality needs to be detected. If the CO concentration continues to be < 30%, the oxygen control valve is urgently closed, and the purge valve is opened to inject nitrogen to prevent the explosion risk. In this embodiment, both the coal-oxygen ratio and the CO concentration are detected by the gas composition analyzer. The gas composition analyzer uses a non-contact laser gas analyzer based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology. The laser with a specific wavelength penetrates the gas, and the component concentration is calculated by detecting the absorption spectrum.

[0008] In a specific implementation, when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature in the combustion zone > 1500 °C, the opening of the oxygen control valve is reduced and the opening of the steam control valve is increased; when the temperature < 1300 °C, the reverse adjustment is made to maintain the temperature within the range of 1300–1500 °C.

[0009] In the above implementation process, when adding steam, the steam reduces the actual combustion temperature in the furnace by absorbing heat; at the same time, the steam participates in the gasification reaction, converting part of the heat into the chemical energy of the syngas to balance the system heat load. When adding oxygen, the combustion intensity of the pulverized coal is enhanced, promoting the exothermic reaction to achieve rapid temperature rise and ensuring the basic thermodynamic conditions required for the gasification reaction.

[0010] In a specific implementation, when the ash thickness sensor detects that the ash layer thickness exceeds the set threshold, the controller closes the pulverized coal control valve and opens the slag discharge valve. After the slag discharge is completed, the feeding is automatically restored.

[0011] In the above implementation process, the ash thickness sensor can use a non-contact microwave radar level gauge, which emits microwave pulses and receives the reflected signals. The distance from the ash surface is calculated by the time difference method, and then the ash thickness is measured. It should be noted that the microwave radar level gauge needs to be installed vertically downward from the top of the gasifier and fixed by a flange, avoiding the slag splash path.

[0012] In a specific implementation, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the furnace exceeds the threshold, the controller increases the opening of the syngas control valve to relieve the pressure; when the pressure is lower than the threshold, the opening of the syngas control valve is reduced to maintain the pressure stability.

[0013] In the above implementation process, the syngas regulating valve is located in the syngas outlet pipe at the top of the gasifier. Its opening degree is positively correlated with the gas discharge flow rate. Increasing the opening degree can accelerate the outward transportation of syngas, reduce the gas accumulation rate in the furnace, and lower the pressure. The pressure can be reduced from 6.5 MPa to the target range such as 5.8 MPa within 30 seconds, avoiding the risks of equipment seal failure or deflagration caused by overpressure.

[0014] In a specific implementation, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the furnace is greater than the safety threshold, the oxygen regulating valve and the pulverized coal regulating valve are immediately closed, and the purge valve is opened to inject inert gas.

[0015] In the above implementation process, when the pressure sensor detects that the pressure in the furnace continuously exceeds the upper limit of the safety threshold, such as 7.0 MPa, the oxygen regulating valve is fully closed to cut off the supply of the combustion-supporting agent, the pulverized coal valve is fully closed to block the fuel input, the purge valve is fully opened to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the furnace, and the proportion of inert gas is > 85%. The concentration of combustible gas in the furnace is reduced by dilution to eliminate the deflagration condition. The nitrogen carries the overpressure gas and discharges from the syngas outlet, and the pressure drops at a rate of 0.5 - 1.0 MPa / s until it drops below 4.0 MPa.

[0016] In a specific implementation, the purge valve is connected to a nitrogen source and is opened during the purge stage before the start-up and after the shutdown of the gasifier body, so that the oxygen concentration in the furnace is reduced to below 3%.

[0017] In the above implementation process, during the pre-start purge, the purge valve injects nitrogen into the furnace. After the oxygen concentration reaches the standard, the controller releases the safety lock, allowing ignition or personnel to enter for operation.

[0018] In a specific implementation, the purge valve is forcibly opened and the oxygen regulating valve and the pulverized coal regulating valve are closed during emergency shutdown or when a deflagration risk is detected, and inert gas is injected to dilute the combustible gas.

[0019] In the above implementation process, during emergency explosion suppression, the purge valve injects nitrogen into the furnace at an opening degree of 80 - 100% to displace the residual air or combustible gas until the O 2 concentration ≤ 3%.

[0020] In a specific implementation, the controller has a built-in fault protection mechanism. When it detects that the actuator module fails or the sensor module data is abnormal, the oxygen valve and the pulverized coal valve are forcibly closed and the purge valve is opened.

[0021] In the above implementation process, when the gas ratio cannot be changed by adjusting the valve, or the sensor data is abnormal, it indicates that the controller cannot control the gasification process according to the predetermined program. At this time, the oxygen valve and the pulverized coal valve are forcibly closed and the purge valve is opened to abort the gasification process.

[0022] Second aspect, the present application further provides a method, including the above-mentioned intelligent control system for pulverized coal gasifier; and the following steps:

[0023] S1. When starting up, open the purge valve to blow nitrogen into the furnace so that the oxygen concentration in the furnace air < 5%;

[0024] S2. According to the feedback of the gas composition analyzer, dynamically adjust the pulverized coal regulating valve and the oxygen regulating valve to make the oxygen-to-coal ratio stable between 0.95 and 1.0. When the CO concentration < 40%, trigger an alarm and reduce the opening of the oxygen regulating valve;

[0025] S3. According to the feedback of the temperature sensor, dynamically adjust the oxygen regulating valve and the steam regulating valve to make the temperature stable between 1200 - 1500 °C;

[0026] S4. According to the feedback of the pressure sensor, dynamically adjust the syngas regulating valve to make the intracranial pressure stable between 2 - 6 MPa. If it exceeds the safety threshold, immediately close the oxygen regulating valve and the pulverized coal regulating valve, and open the purge valve to inject inert gas;

[0027] S5. When it is detected that the thickness of the slag layer ≥ the set threshold, close the pulverized coal regulating valve and open the slag discharge valve. After the slag discharge is completed, restart the feeding;

[0028] S6. When shutting down, close the oxygen regulating valve and the pulverized coal regulating valve, and open the purge valve to purge the residual gas.

[0029] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are: The controller controls the action of the actuator module to adjust the flow rate of the corresponding port according to the parameters fed back by the sensor module, thereby stabilizing the gasification process, with high control efficiency, eliminating manual labor, and in case of process abnormalities, stopping in time to ensure production safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present application, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the intelligent control system for pulverized coal gasifier provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the connection relationship between the gasifier body and the sensor module provided by the embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 3A schematic diagram of the connection relationship between the controller, the sensor module and the actuator module provided in the embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 4 A flow chart of the intelligent control system and method steps of a pulverized coal gasifier provided in the implementation manner of the present application.

[0035] In the figure: 10-gasifier body; 11-coal powder inlet; 12-oxygen inlet; 13-steam inlet; 14-syngas outlet; 15-slag discharge port; 16-purge port; 20-sensor module; 21-temperature sensor; 22-pressure sensor; 23-gas composition analyzer; 24-ash thickness sensor; 30-actuator module; 31-coal powder regulating valve; 32-oxygen regulating valve; 33-steam regulating valve; 34-syngas regulating valve; 35-slag discharge valve; 36-purge valve; 40-controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.

[0037] See also Figures 1-4 The present application provides an intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier, comprising a gasifier body 10, provided with a pulverized coal inlet 11, an oxygen inlet 12, a steam inlet 13, a synthesis gas outlet 14, a slag outlet 15 and a purge outlet 16; a sensor module 20, comprising a temperature sensor 21, a pressure sensor 22, a gas composition analyzer 23 and an ash thickness sensor 24, which are respectively arranged in the combustion zone, the synthesis gas outlet 14 and the slag outlet 15 of the gasifier body 10; a power-driven actuator module 30, comprising a pulverized coal regulating valve 31, oxygen regulating valve 32, steam regulating valve 33, synthesis gas regulating valve 34, slag discharge valve 35 and purge valve 36 are respectively arranged on the pulverized coal inlet 11, oxygen inlet 12, steam inlet 13, synthesis gas outlet 14, slag discharge port 15 and purge port 16; controller 40 is connected to the sensor module 20 and the actuator module 30 for communication. The controller 40 controls the opening and closing and opening degree of each actuator according to the feedback of the sensor module 20 and the preset control logic to realize the intelligent control of the pulverized coal gasification furnace. Among them, the controller 40 controls the actuator module 30 to adjust the flow of the corresponding port according to the parameters fed back by the sensor module 20, thereby stabilizing the gasification process, with high control efficiency, eliminating manual work, and timely stopping when the process is abnormal to ensure production safety.

[0038] The pulverized coal regulating valve 31 and the oxygen regulating valve 32 are controlled in linkage, and the controller 40 optimizes the opening ratio of the two valves according to the real-time oxygen-coal ratio so that the CO+H 2The volume percentage is ≥80%. When the gas composition analyzer 23 detects that the CO volume concentration < 40%, an alarm is triggered and the oxygen supply is reduced. The interlocking control of the pulverized coal regulating valve 31 and the oxygen regulating valve 32 is the core of the intelligent control of the gasifier. Its goal is to ensure efficient and stable gasification reactions by dynamically adjusting the oxygen-to-coal ratio, and CO + H in the syngas 2 The volume percentage is ≥80%. When the oxygen-to-coal ratio increases, the oxygen regulating valve 32 is reduced while the pulverized coal regulating valve 31 is increased. When the oxygen-to-coal ratio decreases, the reverse adjustment is made. When the gas composition analyzer 23 detects that the CO concentration < 40%, it indicates that the reaction is out of balance, possibly due to excessive oxygen or insufficient pulverized coal. The opening of the oxygen regulating valve 32 is reduced within 5 seconds to reduce the oxygen supply. At the same time, the opening of the steam regulating valve 33 is increased to increase the CO concentration through the water-gas reaction. The controller 40 triggers an alarm to notify the technician to analyze the specific reason, and the coal quality needs to be detected. If the CO concentration continues to be < 30%, the oxygen regulating valve 32 is urgently closed, and the purge valve 36 is opened to inject nitrogen to prevent explosion risks. In this embodiment, both the coal-oxygen ratio and the CO concentration are detected by the gas composition analyzer 23. The gas composition analyzer uses a non-contact laser gas analyzer based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy technology. Laser with a specific wavelength penetrates the gas, and the component concentration is calculated by detecting the absorption spectrum.

[0039] When the temperature sensor 21 detects that the temperature in the combustion zone > 1500°C, the opening of the oxygen regulating valve 32 is reduced and the opening of the steam regulating valve 33 is increased; when the temperature < 1300°C, the reverse adjustment is made to maintain the temperature within the range of 1300 - 1500°C. When steam is increased, the steam absorbs heat to reduce the actual combustion temperature in the furnace; at the same time, the steam participates in the gasification reaction C + H 2 O → CO + H 2 to convert part of the heat into the chemical energy of the syngas and balance the system heat load. When oxygen is increased, the combustion intensity of the pulverized coal is enhanced, promoting the exothermic reaction C + O 2 → CO 2 + heat to achieve rapid heating and ensure the basic thermodynamic conditions required for the gasification reaction.

[0040] When the ash layer thickness sensor 24 detects that the ash layer thickness exceeds the set threshold, the controller 40 closes the pulverized coal regulating valve 31 and opens the slag discharge valve 35. After the slag discharge is completed, the feeding is automatically restored. The ash layer thickness sensor 24 can use a non-contact microwave radar level gauge, which emits microwave pulses and receives the reflected signals, and calculates the distance from the ash surface by the time difference method to measure the ash layer thickness. It should be noted that the microwave radar level gauge needs to be installed vertically downward from the top of the gasifier and fixed by a flange, avoiding the path of molten slag splashing.

[0041] When the pressure sensor 22 detects that the pressure inside the furnace exceeds the threshold value, the controller 40 increases the opening degree of the syngas regulating valve 34 to relieve pressure; when the pressure is lower than the threshold value, it reduces the opening degree of the syngas regulating valve 34 to maintain stable pressure. The syngas regulating valve 34 is located in the pipeline of the syngas outlet 14 at the top of the gasifier. Its opening degree is positively correlated with the gas discharge flow rate. Increasing the opening degree can accelerate the outward transportation of syngas, reduce the gas accumulation speed inside the furnace, lower the pressure, and reduce the pressure from 6.5 MPa to the target range such as 5.8 MPa within 30 seconds, avoiding the risk of equipment seal failure or deflagration caused by overpressure.

[0042] When the pressure sensor 22 detects that the pressure inside the furnace is greater than the safety threshold value, the oxygen regulating valve 32 and the pulverized coal regulating valve 31 are immediately closed, and the purge valve 36 is opened to inject inert gas. When the pressure sensor 22 detects that the pressure inside the furnace continuously exceeds the upper limit of the safety threshold value, such as 7.0 MPa, the oxygen regulating valve 32 is fully closed to cut off the supply of the combustion-supporting agent, the pulverized coal valve is fully closed to block the fuel input, and the purge valve 36 is fully opened to inject high-pressure nitrogen into the furnace. The proportion of inert gas is > 85%. By dilution, the concentration of combustible gas inside the furnace is reduced to eliminate the deflagration condition. The nitrogen carries the overpressure gas and discharges from the syngas outlet 14, and the pressure drops at a rate of 0.5 - 1.0 MPa / s until it drops below 4.0 MPa.

[0043] The purge valve 36 is connected to the nitrogen source and is opened during the purge stage before the start-up and after the shutdown of the gasifier body 10, so that the oxygen concentration inside the furnace is reduced to below 3%. During the pre-start purge, the purge valve 36 injects nitrogen into the furnace. After the oxygen concentration reaches the standard, the controller 40 releases the safety lock and allows ignition or personnel to enter for operation.

[0044] In case of emergency shutdown or detection of deflagration risk, the purge valve 36 is forced to open and the oxygen regulating valve 32 and the pulverized coal regulating valve 31 are closed to inject inert gas to dilute the combustible gas. During emergency explosion suppression, the purge valve 36 injects nitrogen into the furnace at an opening degree of 80 - 100% to displace the residual air or combustible gas until the O2 concentration ≤ 3%.

[0045] The controller 40 has a built-in fault protection mechanism. When it detects that the actuator module 30 fails or the data of the sensor module 20 is abnormal, it forcibly closes the oxygen valve and the pulverized coal valve and opens the purge valve 36. When the gas ratio cannot be changed by adjusting the valve or the sensor data is abnormal, it indicates that the controller 40 cannot control the gasification process according to the predetermined program. At this time, the oxygen valve and the pulverized coal valve are forcibly closed and the purge valve 36 is opened to abort the gasification process.

[0046] In a second aspect, the present application further provides a method, including the above-mentioned intelligent control system for the pulverized coal gasifier; and the following steps:

[0047] S1. When starting up, open the purge valve 36 to blow nitrogen into the furnace so that the oxygen concentration of the air inside the furnace < 5%;

[0048] S2. Dynamically adjust the pulverized coal regulating valve 31 and the oxygen regulating valve 32 according to the feedback of the gas composition analyzer 23 to keep the oxygen-coal ratio stable between 0.95 and 1.0. When the CO concentration < 40%, trigger an alarm and reduce the opening degree of the oxygen regulating valve 32;

[0049] S3. Dynamically adjust the oxygen regulating valve 32 and the steam regulating valve 33 according to the feedback of the temperature sensor 21 to keep the temperature stable between 1200 - 1500 °C;

[0050] S4. Dynamically adjust the syngas regulating valve 34 according to the feedback of the pressure sensor 22 to keep the intracranial pressure stable between 2 - 6 MPa. If it exceeds the safety threshold, immediately close the oxygen regulating valve 32 and the pulverized coal regulating valve 31, and open the purge valve 36 to inject inert gas;

[0051] S5. When the detected ash layer thickness ≥ the set threshold, close the pulverized coal regulating valve 31 and open the slag discharge valve 35. After the slag discharge is completed, restart the feeding;

[0052] S6. When shutting down, close the oxygen regulating valve 32 and the pulverized coal regulating valve 31, and open the purge valve 36 to purge the residual gas.

[0053] The working principle of this intelligent control system for the pulverized coal gasifier is as follows: The controller 40 is a programmable logic controller 40 PLC or a distributed control system DCS. Pulverized coal is mixed with high-pressure gas and enters the gasifier through the pulverized coal regulating valve 31, oxygen enters the gasifier through the oxygen regulating valve 32, steam enters the gasifier through the steam regulating valve 33, and CO and H 2 are discharged through the syngas regulating valve 34 to stably control the gasification process. The slag discharge valve 35 is used to remove the combustion ash in the furnace, and the purge valve 36 blows nitrogen into the furnace to replace the flammable mixed gas to ensure safety. The temperature sensor 21 and the pressure sensor 22 are integrated into the same high-temperature resistant probe and inserted into the combustion zone in the furnace. A gas composition analyzer 23 and a pressure sensor 22 are set at the syngas outlet 14 to on-line detect the concentrations of components such as CO, H 2 and CO 2 in the syngas and the outlet gas pressure. In summary, the controller 40 controls the action of the actuator module 30 according to the parameters fed back by the sensor module 20 to adjust the flow rate of the corresponding port, thereby stably controlling the gasification process, with high control efficiency, eliminating manual labor, and timely aborting in case of process anomalies to ensure production safety.

[0054] The above are only the embodiments of the present application and are not used to limit the protection scope of the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various changes and modifications. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included within the protection scope of the present application. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters indicate similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

Claims

1. An intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier, characterized in that: include The gasifier body (10) is provided with a pulverized coal inlet (11), an oxygen inlet (12), a steam inlet (13), a synthesis gas outlet (14), a slag discharge outlet (15) and a purge outlet (16); A sensor module (20), comprising a temperature sensor (21), a pressure sensor (22), a gas composition analyzer (23) and an ash thickness sensor (24), which are respectively arranged in the combustion zone of the gasifier body (10), the synthesis gas outlet (14) and the slag discharge port (15); A power-driven actuator module (30) comprises a pulverized coal regulating valve (31), an oxygen regulating valve (32), a steam regulating valve (33), a synthesis gas regulating valve (34), a slag discharge valve (35) and a purge valve (36), which are respectively arranged on the pulverized coal inlet (11), the oxygen inlet (12), the steam inlet (13), the synthesis gas outlet (14), the slag discharge port (15) and the purge port (16); A controller (40) is connected in communication with the sensor module (20) and the actuator module (30), and the controller (40) controls the opening and closing and the opening degree of each actuator according to the feedback of the sensor module (20) and the preset control logic, so as to realize intelligent control of the pulverized coal gasifier.

2. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverized coal regulating valve (31) and the oxygen regulating valve (32) are controlled in linkage, and the controller (40) optimizes the opening ratio of the two valves according to the real-time oxygen-coal ratio, so that the volume proportion of CO+H2 in the synthesis gas is ≥80%. When the gas composition analyzer (23) detects that the CO volume concentration is less than 40%, an alarm is triggered and the oxygen supply is reduced.

3. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the temperature sensor (21) detects that the temperature of the combustion zone is greater than 1500° C., the opening of the oxygen regulating valve (32) is reduced and the opening of the steam regulating valve (33) is increased; when the temperature is less than 1300° C., reverse regulation is performed to maintain the temperature within the range of 1300-1500° C.

4. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 3 is characterized in that: When the ash thickness sensor (24) detects that the thickness of the ash layer exceeds a set threshold, the controller (40) closes the pulverized coal regulating valve (31) and opens the slag discharge valve (35), and automatically resumes feeding after slag discharge is completed.

5. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the pressure sensor (22) detects that the pressure in the furnace exceeds a threshold value, the controller (40) increases the opening of the synthesis gas regulating valve (34) to release the pressure; when the pressure is lower than the threshold value, the controller (40) reduces the opening of the synthesis gas regulating valve (34) to maintain pressure stability.

6. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the pressure sensor (22) detects that the pressure in the furnace is greater than a safety threshold, the oxygen regulating valve (32) and the pulverized coal regulating valve (31) are immediately closed, and the purge valve (36) is opened to inject inert gas.

7. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 6, characterized in that: The purge valve (36) is connected to a nitrogen source and is opened during the purge phase before the gasification furnace body (10) is started and after it is shut down, so as to reduce the oxygen concentration in the furnace to below 3%.

8. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 7, characterized in that: When emergency shutdown or the risk of deflagration is detected, the purge valve (36) is forcibly opened and the oxygen regulating valve (32) and the pulverized coal regulating valve (31) are closed, and inert gas is injected to dilute the combustible gas.

9. The intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier according to claim 8, characterized in that: The controller (40) has a built-in fault protection mechanism, and when it is detected that the actuator module (30) fails or the sensor module (20) data is abnormal, the oxygen valve and the pulverized coal valve are forcibly closed and the purge valve (36) is opened.

10. A method, characterized in that An intelligent control system for a pulverized coal gasifier comprising any one of claims 1 to 9; And the following steps: S1. When starting the machine, open the purge valve (36) to blow nitrogen into the furnace so that the oxygen concentration of the air in the furnace is less than 5%; S2. According to the feedback from the gas composition analyzer (23), the pulverized coal regulating valve (31) and the oxygen regulating valve (32) are dynamically adjusted to stabilize the oxygen-coal ratio between 0.95 and 1.

0. When the CO concentration is less than 40%, an alarm is triggered and the opening of the oxygen regulating valve (32) is reduced; S3, dynamically adjusting the oxygen regulating valve (32) and the steam regulating valve (33) according to the feedback from the temperature sensor (21) to stabilize the temperature between 1200-1500°C; S4. According to the feedback from the pressure sensor (22), the synthesis gas regulating valve (34) is dynamically adjusted to stabilize the intracranial pressure at 2-6 MPa. If the pressure exceeds the safety threshold, the oxygen regulating valve (32) and the coal powder regulating valve (31) are immediately closed, and the purge valve (36) is opened to inject inert gas. S5. When it is detected that the ash layer thickness is ≥ the set threshold, the pulverized coal regulating valve (31) is closed and the slag discharge valve (35) is opened. After the slag discharge is completed, the feeding is restarted; S6. When shutting down, close the oxygen regulating valve (32) and the pulverized coal regulating valve (31), and open the purge valve (36) to purge the residual gas.

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