Ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device and method. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device comprises a light source assembly, a mounting assembly and a light sensing assembly. One of the mounting assembly and the light source assembly is mounted on a shaft to be measured, and the other one is mounted on a supporting part for supporting the shaft to be measured; the light sensing assembly comprises a shading part and a light sensing part, the shading part and the light sensing part are installed on the installation assembly and are sequentially arranged in the direction away from the light source assembly, the shading part is provided with a plurality of light transmitting openings at intervals in the circumferential direction of the to-be-detected shaft, and light beams sequentially penetrate through the light transmitting openings when the shading part moves relative to the light source assembly. According to the scheme, only one of the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly needs to be arranged on the to-be-measured shaft for measurement, transmission measurement is not needed, and the light source assembly and the light sensing assembly are relatively light, so that the increased load of the to-be-measured shaft due to measurement is relatively small, the transmission efficiency of the to-be-measured shaft is improved, online continuous monitoring of torsional vibration signals can be realized, and the measurement accuracy is improved. And the loss of useful torsional vibration signals is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of ship shaft system testing, and in particular to a ship shaft system torsional vibration measuring device and method. Background Art

[0002] The transmission shaft is an important component of the ship's power plant. It is not an absolute rigid body and has elastic characteristics. When the transmission shaft transmits the main engine power to the propeller end, the components will have uneven stress distribution, resulting in an imbalance of torsional stress between the load end and the load end, generating alternating torque. At this time, the transmission shaft system will produce torsional vibration. The generation of torsional vibration will cause high-frequency changes in the torsional stress of the transmission shaft. Long-term accumulation will cause fatigue failure, deformation, and even fracture of the transmission shaft system. Therefore, measuring the torsional vibration signal of the transmission shaft system is crucial to maintaining the safe and stable operation of the transmission shaft system.

[0003] Publication No. CN204740135U discloses a ship shaft system torsional vibration test device, which connects the shaft system to be tested to the output shaft of a belt drum through a belt, and arranges an encoder on the output shaft of the belt drum. The output signal end of the encoder is connected to a signal acquisition instrument, so that the angular velocity change of the shaft system to be tested can be transmitted to the output shaft of the belt drum through the belt, and the output is collected by the encoder, and the torsional vibration signal of the transmission shaft system is obtained after analysis.

[0004] However, this patent transmits the rotation of the shaft to be measured to the output shaft of the belt drum through a belt for measurement, resulting in a relatively large load on the shaft to be measured due to the measurement, thereby reducing the transmission efficiency of the shaft to be measured. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned technical deficiencies and propose a ship shaft system torsional vibration measuring device to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the rotation of the shaft to be measured is transmitted to the output shaft of the belt drum through a belt for measurement, resulting in a relatively large load on the shaft to be measured due to the measurement, thereby reducing the transmission efficiency of the shaft to be measured.

[0006] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device, comprising: Light source assembly; A mounting assembly, wherein one of the mounting assembly and the light source assembly is used to be mounted on the axis to be measured, and the other is used to be mounted on a supporting portion supporting the axis to be measured; and The photosensitive component includes a light-shielding part and a photosensitive part. The light-shielding part and the photosensitive part are installed on the installation component and are arranged in sequence along the direction away from the light source component. The light-shielding part is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting openings at circumferential intervals along the measurement axis. When the light-shielding part moves relative to the light source component, the plurality of light-transmitting openings sequentially transmit light beams, and form light pulse signals on the photosensitive part. The photosensitive part is used to acquire and transmit the light pulse signals.

[0007] In some embodiments, the light-shielding part and the photosensitive part are respectively arranged in a ring shape, and are sequentially arranged in a ring on the outer periphery of the measurement axis along the direction away from the light source component.

[0008] In some embodiments, the light-shielding part includes two light-shielding half-rings, and the two light-shielding half-rings are detachably connected. Each light-shielding half-ring is provided with the light-transmitting opening.

[0009] In some embodiments, fixing holes are respectively provided at two ends of one light-shielding half-ring close to the other light-shielding half-ring; The light-shielding part further includes fixing bolts and fixing nuts. The fixing bolts respectively pass through the fixing holes of the two light-shielding half-rings, and the fixing nuts are screwed on one end of the fixing bolts extending out of the fixing holes.

[0010] In some embodiments, the light-shielding part is arranged at an interval from the measurement axis. The photosensitive part is arranged on the side of the light-shielding part away from the measurement axis, and is fixed to the support part together with the light-shielding part via the installation component; The light source component includes a laser light source, and the laser light source is used to be installed on the measurement axis and is located inside the light-shielding part.

[0011] In some embodiments, the installation component includes a base, and the base is used to be fixed to the support part, is arranged at an interval from the measurement axis, and is provided with a mating hole; The light-shielding part is provided with an installation hole. The photosensitive component further includes installation bolts and installation nuts. The installation bolts pass through the mating hole and the installation hole, and the installation nuts are screwed on one end of the installation bolts extending out of the installation hole. The photosensitive part is arranged on the light-shielding part and is installed on the base via the light-shielding part.

[0012] In some embodiments, the photosensitive part includes a flexible photosensitive panel, and the flexible photosensitive panel is attached to the side of the light-shielding part away from the light source component, and can acquire and transmit the light pulse signals.

[0013] In some embodiments, the photosensitive part is further used to convert the light pulse signals into electrical signals and wirelessly output the electrical signals.

[0014] In some embodiments, one of the light source assembly and the photosensitive part is a moving working unit, and the other is a static working unit. The moving working unit is used to be mounted on the shaft to be measured, and the static working unit is used to be mounted on the support part; The torsional vibration measuring device for a marine shafting system further includes a static power supply unit and a moving power supply unit. The static power supply unit is used to be mounted on the support part and connected to a power source. The moving power supply unit is used to be mounted on the shaft to be measured and electrically connected to the moving working unit, and inductively supplies power to the moving working unit when rotating relative to the static power supply unit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the light-shielding opening extends along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured; and / or, A plurality of the light-shielding openings are evenly and spaced along the circumferential direction of the shaft to be measured.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a method for measuring torsional vibration of a shafting system, which is used for the torsional vibration measuring device for a marine shafting system as described in any one of the above. The method for measuring torsional vibration of a shafting system includes: Obtaining a preset threshold range of the frequency of the electrical pulse signal reflecting the rotational speed change of the shafting system, and obtaining the actual electrical pulse signal frequency of the shaft to be measured according to the optical pulse signal; Judging whether the actual electrical pulse signal frequency conforms to the preset threshold range; When the actual electrical pulse signal frequency does not conform to the preset threshold range, discarding the signal actually measured by the photosensitive part, and when the actual pulse signal frequency conforms to the preset threshold range, analyzing and storing the signal actually measured by the photosensitive part.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, in the torsional vibration measuring device for a marine shafting system provided by the present invention, since the light source assembly and the photosensitive assembly are respectively mounted on the shaft to be measured and the hull, there is relative rotation between the light source assembly and the photosensitive assembly. Thus, when starting the measurement, the shaft to be measured rotates, and the light source assembly and the light-shielding part rotate relative to each other. At this time, the light beam emitted by the light source assembly scans the light-shielding part. Since the plurality of light-transmitting openings spaced on the light-shielding part can transmit light in sequence during relative rotation, the light-shielding part can alternately transmit or block the light signal, thereby generating an optical pulse signal. This optical pulse signal can reflect the angular velocity change of the shaft to be measured. When the photosensitive part receives the optical pulse signal transmitted by the light-shielding part, it outputs the optical pulse signal, and then after converting the optical pulse signal into an electrical signal and analyzing it, the torsional vibration signal of the transmission shafting system can be obtained.

[0018] Therefore, in this solution, only one of the light source component and the photosensitive component needs to be arranged on the shaft to be measured for measurement, without the need for transmission measurement. Moreover, the light source component and the photosensitive component are relatively lightweight, so that the load on the shaft to be measured increased due to measurement is small, the transmission efficiency of the shaft to be measured is improved, and online continuous monitoring of torsional vibration signals can be achieved, reducing the loss of useful torsional vibration signals. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0019] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram during the measurement of the torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting system provided by an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting system along the A-A direction in; Figure 3 is Figure 1 a schematic diagram of the photosensitive component in; Figure 4 is Figure 3 a partial schematic diagram of the photosensitive component in; Figure 5 is Figure 1 a signal adaptive analysis strategy flowchart of the torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting system in.

[0020] Description of the Reference Numerals: 1. Light source component; 11. Laser light source; 2. Mounting component; 21. Base; 3. Photosensitive component; 31. Light-shielding part; 31a. Light-transmitting opening; 31b. Mounting hole; 311. Light-shielding plate; 312. Light-shielding semi-ring; 313. Fixing bolt; 314. Fixing nut; 32. Photosensitive part; 321. Flexible photosensitive panel; 322. Flexible photosensitive semi-ring; 4. Moving power supply unit; 5. Static power supply unit; 51. Bracket; 6. Signal wireless transmission module; 7. Signal processing module; 8. Control module; 9. External power supply module; 10. Shaft to be measured; 20. Ship hull. Detailed Embodiments

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] In order to solve the technical problem that in the prior art, the rotation of the shaft to be measured is transmitted to the output shaft of the belt drum through a belt for measurement, resulting in a relatively large load increase of the shaft to be measured due to measurement and a reduction in the transmission efficiency of the shaft to be measured, the present invention provides a torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting. Only one of the light source assembly and the photosensitive assembly needs to be arranged on the shaft to be measured for measurement, without the need for transmission measurement, and the light source assembly and the photosensitive assembly are relatively lightweight, so that the load increase of the shaft to be measured due to measurement is small, the transmission efficiency of the shaft to be measured is improved, and on-line continuous monitoring of torsional vibration signals can be realized, reducing the loss of useful torsional vibration signals.

[0023] It should be noted that the torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting described in the present invention is used for but not limited to ships, etc. For the convenience of description, in the present invention, only the case where the torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting is applied to a ship is taken as an example for description, and the principle of applying the torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting to other types of equipment is essentially the same as that applied to a ship, and will not be elaborated one by one here.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , Figures 1 to 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting in an embodiment of the present invention. The torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting includes a light source assembly 1, a mounting assembly 2, and a photosensitive assembly 3; one of the mounting assembly 2 and the light source assembly 1 is used for mounting on the shaft to be measured 10, and the other is used for mounting on the support portion supporting the shaft to be measured 10; the photosensitive assembly 3 includes a light-shielding portion 31 and a photosensitive portion 32. The light-shielding portion 31 and the photosensitive portion 32 are mounted on the mounting assembly 2 and are arranged in sequence along the direction away from the light source assembly 1. The light-shielding portion 31 is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting openings 31a at intervals along the circumferential direction of the shaft to be measured 10. When the light-shielding portion 31 moves relative to the light source assembly 1, the plurality of light-transmitting openings 31a sequentially transmit light beams, and form a light pulse signal on the photosensitive portion 32. The photosensitive portion 32 is used for acquiring and transmitting the light pulse signal.

[0025] In the torsional vibration measurement device for a ship shafting provided by the present invention, since the light source assembly 1 and the photosensitive assembly 3 are respectively mounted on the shaft to be measured 10 and the hull 20, there is relative rotation between the light source assembly 1 and the photosensitive assembly 3. Thus, when starting the measurement, the shaft to be measured 10 rotates, and the light source assembly 1 and the light-shielding portion 31 rotate relatively therewith. At this time, the light beam emitted by the light source assembly 1 sweeps the light-shielding portion 31. Since the plurality of light-transmitting openings 31a arranged at intervals on the light-shielding portion 31 can transmit light in sequence during relative rotation, the light-shielding portion 31 can alternately transmit or block the light signal, thereby generating a light pulse signal. This light pulse signal can reflect the angular velocity change of the shaft to be measured 10. When the photosensitive portion 32 receives the light pulse signal transmitted through the light-shielding portion 31, it outputs the light pulse signal. Further, after converting the light pulse signal into an electrical signal and analyzing it, the torsional vibration signal of the transmission shafting can be obtained.

[0026] Therefore, in this solution, only one of the light source component 1 and the photosensitive component 3 needs to be arranged on the shaft to be measured 10 for measurement, without the need for transmission measurement. Moreover, the light source component 1 and the photosensitive component 3 are relatively lightweight, so that the load on the shaft to be measured 10 increased due to measurement is small, the transmission efficiency of the shaft to be measured 10 is improved, and online continuous monitoring of torsional vibration signals can be realized, reducing the loss of useful torsional vibration signals.

[0027] It should be understood that the above-mentioned support part refers to the hull 20, and the shaft to be measured 10 refers to the transmission shaft to be measured. The transmission shaft is installed on the hull 20 via a shaft seat. The mounting component 2 and the light source component 1 are respectively arranged on the hull 20 and the shaft to be measured 10, so that relative movement can occur between the two. In addition, the specific principle and method of analyzing the measured angular velocity information into torsional vibration signals are prior arts and will not be elaborated here.

[0028] In one embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 and the photosensitive part 32 are respectively arranged in a ring shape, and are sequentially arranged around the outer periphery of the shaft to be measured 10 in the direction away from the light source component 1.

[0029] In this embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 and the photosensitive part 32 are respectively set in a ring shape, so that when relative rotation occurs between the light-shielding part 31, the photosensitive part 32 and the light source component 1, the photosensitive part 32 can continuously obtain light pulse signals, improving the accuracy of signal acquisition.

[0030] It should be noted that the specific setting form of the light-shielding part 31 is not limited, as long as it can block the light beam and has the above-mentioned light-transmitting opening 31a. In one embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 is set as a light-shielding curtain, and a channel is arranged thereon to form a light-shielding opening. In another embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 is set as glass coated with an opaque film, and a plurality of slots are opened on the opaque film to form a light-shielding opening.

[0031] In one embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 includes a light-shielding plate 311 arranged in a ring shape. The light-shielding plate 311 is arranged around the shaft to be measured 10, and is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting openings 31a. Each light-transmitting opening 31a penetrates the light-shielding plate 311 in the direction away from the shaft to be measured 10.

[0032] In this embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 is set in the form of an opaque light-shielding plate 311, and a channel is arranged thereon to form a light-shielding opening, with a simple structure and cost savings. Specifically, in this solution, the flexible photosensitive panel 321 is attached to the side of the light-shielding plate 311 away from the light source component 1.

[0033] In one embodiment, please refer to Figure 4 , the light-shielding part 31 includes two light-shielding half-rings 312. The two light-shielding half-rings 312 are detachably connected, and each light-shielding half-ring 312 is provided with a light-transmitting opening 31a.

[0034] In this embodiment, the light-shielding plate 311 is set as two detachable light-shielding half-rings 312, which facilitates disassembly, assembly and transportation, and increases the mobility and applicability of the photosensitive component 3. Correspondingly, the flexible photosensitive panel 321 includes two flexible photosensitive half-rings 322, and the two flexible photosensitive half-rings 322 are respectively arranged on one side of the two light-shielding half-rings 312 away from the light source component 1.

[0035] It should be noted that the specific form of the detachable connection between the two light-shielding half-rings 312 is not limited. In one embodiment, the two light-shielding half-rings 312 are detachably connected by buckles; in another embodiment, the two light-shielding half-rings 312 are detachably connected by pins and pin holes.

[0036] In one embodiment, fixing holes are respectively arranged at both ends of the light-shielding half-ring 312 close to the other light-shielding half-ring 312; the light-shielding part 31 further includes fixing bolts 313 and fixing nuts 314. The fixing bolts 313 respectively pass through the fixing holes of the two light-shielding half-rings 312, and the fixing nuts 314 are screwed on one end of the fixing bolts 313 extending out of the fixing holes.

[0037] In this embodiment, the detachable connection between the two light-shielding half-rings 312 is realized through the fixing bolts 313 and the fixing nuts 314, and the structure is simple and reliable. It should be noted that two fixing holes are respectively arranged at both ends of the light-shielding half-ring 312, and correspondingly, there are four groups of fixing bolts 313 and fixing nuts 314. In addition, the flexible photosensitive half-ring 322 can be fixed to the corresponding light-shielding half-ring 312 by bonding, or can be installed by buckles or screws.

[0038] It should be noted that the light source component 1 can be one of halogen, xenon, LED and laser lamps.

[0039] Specifically, in one embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 is arranged at an interval from the to-be-tested shaft 10, the photosensitive part 32 is arranged on one side of the light-shielding part 31 away from the to-be-tested shaft 10, and is fixed to the support part together with the light-shielding part 31 via the mounting component 2; the light source component 1 includes a laser light source 11, and the laser light source 11 is used to be mounted on the to-be-tested shaft 10 and is located inside the light-shielding part 31. Specifically, in this solution, the light-shielding part 31 is arranged in a spaced ring around the outer periphery of the to-be-tested shaft 10.

[0040] In this embodiment, the light-shielding part 31 is fixed on the bottom plate of the hull 20, and the laser light source 11 is mounted on the to-be-tested shaft 10. Since the laser light source 11 has more accurate directivity, and the volume and mass can be relatively smaller, the load of the to-be-tested shaft 10 is further reduced, the transmission efficiency is improved, and the accuracy of the optical pulse signal is improved.

[0041] In one embodiment, the mounting assembly 2 includes a base 21, which is used to be fixed to the supporting portion, and is spaced apart from the axis to be measured 10 and is provided with a matching hole; the light shielding portion 31 is provided with a mounting hole 31b, and the photosensitive component 3 also includes a mounting bolt and a mounting nut, the mounting bolt is passed through the matching hole and the mounting hole 31b, and the mounting nut is screwed on one end of the mounting bolt extending out of the mounting hole 31b, and the photosensitive portion 32 is provided in the light shielding portion 31 and is installed on the base 21 via the light shielding portion 31.

[0042] In this embodiment, the mounting assembly 2 is provided in the form of a base 21, and the light shielding portion 31 is fixed to the hull 20 via the base 21, so as to ensure the stability of the installation of the light shielding portion 31, and the light sensing portion 32 is directly provided on the light shielding portion 31, so as to improve the compactness of the light sensing assembly 3 and reduce the space occupied by the hull 20. Specifically, the light shielding portion 31 is fixed to the base 21 by installing bolts and nuts, and the structure is simple and reliable.

[0043] In one embodiment, see Figure 3 The photosensitive portion 32 includes a flexible photosensitive panel 321 , and the flexible photosensitive panel 321 is attached to a side of the light shielding portion 31 away from the light source assembly 1 .

[0044] In this embodiment, the photosensitive portion 32 is set in the form of a flexible photosensitive panel 321. Based on the soft characteristics, the flexible photosensitive panel 321 can better adapt to the shape of the annular light shielding portion 31, so that the flexible photosensitive panel 321 can be completely attached to the light shielding portion 31, so that the flexible photosensitive panel 321 can obtain light pulse signals uniformly and stably at all places, thereby improving the measurement accuracy. Specifically, in this solution, the flexible photosensitive panel 321 is set in an annular shape.

[0045] It should be noted that the flexible photosensitive panel 321 is not limited in its configuration. It can be a plurality of optoelectronic components or a plurality of visual sensors installed on a flexible circuit board for photoelectric conversion and transmission, or it can be other forms. Among them, the optoelectronic component can be one of a photodiode, a photoconductor and a photoresistor, all of which can realize photoelectric signal conversion; and the visual sensor can also convert the optical signal into an electrical signal for output after acquiring the light beam image. The specific structure and working principle of the above-mentioned optoelectronic components and visual sensors are prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0046] Specifically, in this solution, the flexible photosensitive panel 321 is set as a flexible board coated with photoelectric material, and the photoelectric material can convert and output an electrical pulse signal after receiving the light pulse signal passing through the light shielding plate 311. Such a setting can make the flexible photosensitive panel 321 have better deformation performance, so that it can better fit the light shielding part 31.

[0047] It should be noted that the photoelectric material can be an organic photoelectric material, an inorganic photoelectric material or a nano photoelectric material, and its specific working principle is a prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0048] It should be noted that the specific setting form of the photosensitive part 32 is not limited, as long as it can receive and transmit light pulse signals, it can be optical fiber transmission, optoelectronic component transmission, or a visual device to obtain a light beam image and transmit it.

[0049] When the photosensitive component 3 is installed on the axis to be measured 10 and the light source component 1 is installed on the hull 20, the photosensitive component 3 will rotate synchronously with the axis to be measured 10. At this time, it is relatively difficult for the photosensitive part 32 to transmit signals through cables.

[0050] To this end, in one embodiment, the light sensing unit 32 is used to convert the light pulse signal into an electrical signal and output it wirelessly.

[0051] In this embodiment, the photosensitive part 32 directly converts the optical pulse signal into an electrical signal and outputs it, which can realize wireless transmission and reduce the difficulty of signal transmission. When the photosensitive component 3 is installed on the hull 20 and the light source component 1 is installed on the axis to be measured 10, the wireless transmission method also has advantages, that is, it can realize variable receiving positions and improve the flexibility of signal transmission.

[0052] It should be noted that the specific principle and structure of wireless transmission of electrical signals are prior art and will not be described in detail here. In addition, the specific configuration of the photosensitive portion 32 refers to the configuration of the flexible photosensitive panel 321 and will not be described in detail here.

[0053] In one of the embodiments, one of the light source assembly 1 and the photosensitive part 32 is a dynamic working unit, and the other is a static working unit. The dynamic working unit is used to be installed on the shaft to be measured 10, and the static working unit is used to be installed on the support part; the ship shaft system torsional vibration measuring device also includes a static power supply unit 5 and a dynamic power supply unit 4. The static power supply unit 5 is used to be installed on the support part and connected to a power supply. The dynamic power supply unit 4 is used to be installed on the shaft to be measured 10 and is electrically connected to the dynamic working unit, and inductively supplies power to the dynamic working unit when rotating relative to the static power supply unit 5.

[0054] In this embodiment, when the dynamic power supply unit 4 rotates relative to the static power supply unit 5, it can convert the power of the power supply into an induced current and transmit it to the dynamic working unit on the measured axis 10, thereby realizing continuous power supply to the device on the measured axis 10 to ensure uninterrupted measurement. It should be noted that the specific structure and principle of the dynamic power supply unit 4 and the static power supply unit 5 are prior art and are not described in detail here. In addition, in this embodiment, the laser light source 11 is a dynamic working unit, and the flexible photosensitive panel 321 is a static working unit.

[0055] Specifically, in this solution, the moving power supply unit 4 is a moving power supply loop, and the static power supply unit 5 is a static power supply loop. The moving power supply loop is clamped on the shaft to be measured 10 and rotates together with the shaft to be measured 10. The static power supply loop is fixed through a bracket 51, arranged in parallel with the moving power supply loop, and the static power supply loop does not contact the shaft to be measured 10. That is to say, the moving power supply loop and the static power supply loop are arranged in parallel. The external power supply module 9 supplies power to the static power supply loop, and the electric energy is wirelessly induced from the static power supply loop to the moving power supply loop. The moving power supply loop adjusts through an internal circuit and outputs direct current to make the laser light source 11 work continuously, realizing continuous measurement of the torsional vibration signal.

[0056] In one embodiment, the light-shielding openings extend along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured 10; a plurality of light-shielding openings are uniformly and spaced along the axial direction of the shaft to be measured 10.

[0057] In this embodiment, since the shafting will produce longitudinal movement under the actual navigation conditions of the ship, resulting in longitudinal deviation of the light beam emitted by the light source assembly 1, it is considered to process the light-shielding openings of the light-shielding plate 311 into long strips as described above to ensure that the photosensitive part 32 can receive the light pulse signal. At the same time, when processing the light-shielding openings of the light-shielding part 31, the shape, area and interval of the openings should be kept as consistent as possible to minimize the error caused by uneven opening distribution and ensure a uniform sampling frequency.

[0058] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for measuring shafting torsional vibration, which is used for the ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device as described above. The first embodiment of the shafting torsional vibration measuring method includes: Obtain the preset threshold range of the frequency of the electrical pulse signal reflecting the change in the shafting rotation speed, and obtain the actual electrical pulse signal frequency of the shaft to be measured 10 according to the light pulse signal; Judge whether the actual electrical pulse signal frequency conforms to the preset threshold range; When the actual electrical pulse signal frequency does not conform to the preset threshold range, discard the signal actually measured by the photosensitive part 32, and when the actual pulse signal frequency conforms to the preset threshold range, analyze and store the signal actually measured by the photosensitive part 32.

[0059] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device further includes a signal wireless transmission module 6, a signal processing module 7, a control module 8 and an external power supply module 9. The signal wireless transmission module 6 is used to transmit the electrical pulse signal output by the photosensitive part 32; the signal processing module 7 is used to receive the collected electrical pulse signal and process it into a torsional vibration signal; the control module 8 is used to control the operation of the signal processing module 7 as appropriate; the external power supply module 9 is used to supply power to relevant modules.

[0060] In this embodiment, please refer to Figure 5, before measurement, according to the actual navigation conditions, set the threshold range of the frequency of the electrical pulse signal reflecting the change in the rotational speed of the shafting. The control module 8 conducts a preliminary analysis on the frequency of the electrical pulse signal measured in real time. When the frequency of the electrical pulse signal measured in real time enters the set threshold range, the control module 8 issues a start control instruction to start the signal processing module 7 to work, parse and store the measurement signal. When the frequency of the electrical pulse signal measured in real time is not within the set threshold range, the control module 8 issues a stop control instruction to stop the signal processing module 7 from working and discard the measured signal. Based on the above signal adaptive parsing strategy, the problem of large data storage during on-line continuous monitoring of torsional vibration signals is solved.

[0061] For a better understanding of the present invention, the following is a detailed description of the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with Figures 1 to 5 the following: In this embodiment, the laser light source 11 is pasted on the transmission shaft and rotates with the transmission shaft; the photosensitive component 3 includes a light-shielding plate 311 located inside and a flexible photosensitive panel 321 located outside. The light-shielding plate 311 is used to block or transmit the light beam emitted by the laser light source 11, and the flexible photosensitive panel 321 is used to receive the laser pulse signal transmitted through the light-shielding plate 311 and output it as an electrical pulse signal; the photosensitive component 3 is fixed by a base 21 fixed on the shafting bottom plate.

[0062] Specifically, the laser light source 11 is pasted at the axial middle position of the projection of the light-shielding plate 311 on the transmission shaft, and the light beam emitted by the laser light source 11 is perpendicular to the cross-section of the transmission shaft at the pasting position. That is to say, the laser light source 11 is pasted according to the opening position of the light-shielding plate 311 to ensure that when the laser light source 11 rotates with the transmission shaft, the scanning trajectory of the emitted light beam is always within the area where the laser pulse signal can be alternately collected in the opening part and the non-opening part of the light-shielding plate 311, so as to ensure a uniform sampling frequency.

[0063] And the photosensitive component 3 is composed of two semi-rings. The semi-rings are sleeved on the transmission shaft in a way similar to a clamp, and do not contact the transmission shaft, and try to keep the gap between the semi-rings and the shaft surface equidistant. And each semi-ring is composed of a light-shielding plate 311 located inside and a flexible photosensitive panel 321 located outside. Try to ensure that after installation, there is an equidistant gap between the light-shielding plate 311 and the transmission shaft. When the light beam emitted by the laser light source 11 irradiates the opening of the light-shielding plate 311, the light beam can pass through the opening, and at this time the flexible photosensitive panel 321 can receive the optical signal. When the light beam is blocked by the light-shielding plate 311, the flexible photosensitive panel 321 will not receive the optical signal.

[0064] The signal wireless transmission module 6 is fixed on the base 21 and is electrically connected to the flexible photosensitive panel 321, and is used for receiving and transmitting the electrical pulse signal output by the flexible photosensitive panel 321. The signal processing module 7 is used for receiving the electrical pulse signal output by the signal wireless transmission module 6 and parsing it into a torsional vibration signal; that is to say, when the signal processing module 7 receives the electrical pulse signal reflecting the change in the rotational speed of the transmission shaft, a certain signal parsing method needs to be adopted to convert it into a torsional vibration signal.

[0065] Meanwhile, the external power supply module 9 is used for supplying power to the flexible photosensitive panel 321, the static power supply ring, the signal wireless transmission module 6, the signal processing module 7 and the control module 8. To realize the on-line continuous measurement of the torsional vibration signal, an external power supply is required to supply power to the power-consuming modules that do not rotate with the shaft section in the test system.

[0066] The specific working process is as follows: After installing the measuring device, before the initial measurement of the torsional vibration signal, first keep the shafting rotating at a low speed, obtain multiple groups of initial measurement data as reference signals, and with the help of a certain signal compensation method, correct the mutation signals at the connection positions of the two half-rings of the photosensitive component 3 to reduce the measurement error.

[0067] When starting the measurement, as the shaft section rotates, the laser light source 11 rotates accordingly, and the emitted light beam sweeps the photosensitive component 3. The light-shielding plate 311 alternately transmits or blocks the optical signal, generating a laser pulse signal. This laser pulse signal can reflect the change in the angular velocity of the shaft section. The flexible photosensitive panel 321 receives the transmitted laser pulse signal and outputs it in the form of an electrical pulse signal to the signal wireless transmission module 6, and then the signal wireless transmission module 6 transmits the electrical pulse signal to the signal processing module 7 for parsing, thereby obtaining the torsional vibration signal of the transmission shafting. The control module 8 is used to control the operation of the signal processing module 7 as appropriate.

[0068] Thus, compared with the prior art, the technical advantages and beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The photosensitive component 3 can be installed in a way similar to a clamp, avoiding direct contact with the shaft section, increasing the mobility and applicability of the photosensitive component 3, that is, for shaft sections within a certain shaft diameter range, a certain model of photosensitive component 3 can be used for torsional vibration measurement; 2. Realize the on-line continuous monitoring of the torsional vibration signal, reducing the loss of useful torsional vibration signals; 3. Design a signal adaptive parsing strategy, improving the acquisition efficiency and practicability of the test system, and solving the problem of data analysis and storage pressure in on-line continuous monitoring.

[0069] The above specific embodiments of the present invention do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention. Any other corresponding changes and deformations made according to the technical concept of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A ship shaft torsional vibration measuring device, characterized in that: include: Light source assembly; A mounting assembly, wherein one of the mounting assembly and the light source assembly is used to be mounted on the axis to be measured, and the other is used to be mounted on a supporting portion supporting the axis to be measured; and The photosensitive component includes a light-shielding portion and a photosensitive portion. The light-shielding portion and the photosensitive portion are installed on the installation component and are arranged in sequence in a direction away from the light source component. The light-shielding portion is provided with a plurality of light-transmitting openings at circumferential intervals along the axis to be measured. The plurality of light-transmitting openings transmit light beams in sequence when the light-shielding portion moves relative to the light source component, and form a light pulse signal on the photosensitive portion. The photosensitive portion is used to acquire and transmit the light pulse signal.

2. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding portion and the light sensing portion are respectively arranged in a ring shape, and are sequentially arranged around the outer circumference of the axis to be measured in a direction away from the light source component.

3. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The shading portion comprises two shading half rings, the two shading half rings are detachably connected, and each of the shading half rings is provided with the light-transmitting opening.

4. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 3, characterized in that: Two ends of the light-shielding half ring close to the other light-shielding half ring are respectively provided with fixing holes; The light shielding part further comprises a fixing bolt and a fixing nut. The fixing bolt is respectively passed through the fixing holes of the two light shielding half rings, and the fixing nut is screwed on one end of the fixing bolt extending out of the fixing hole.

5. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light shielding part is spaced apart from the axis to be measured, the light sensing part is arranged on a side of the light shielding part away from the axis to be measured, and is fixed to the support part together with the light shielding part via the mounting assembly; The light source assembly comprises a laser light source, and the laser light source is used to be installed on the axis to be measured and is located inside the light shielding portion.

6. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mounting assembly includes a base, which is used to be fixed to the support portion, and is spaced apart from the axis to be measured, and is provided with a matching hole; The light-shielding portion is provided with a mounting hole, and the photosensitive component also includes a mounting bolt and a mounting nut. The mounting bolt is passed through the matching hole and the mounting hole, and the mounting nut is screwed on one end of the mounting bolt extending out of the mounting hole. The photosensitive portion is provided in the light-shielding portion and is mounted on the base via the light-shielding portion.

7. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photosensitive portion comprises a flexible photosensitive panel, which is attached to a side of the light shielding portion away from the light source assembly and can acquire and transmit the optical pulse signal.

8. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photosensitive part is also used to convert the optical pulse signal into an electrical signal and output the electrical signal wirelessly.

9. The ship shafting torsional vibration measuring device according to claim 8, characterized in that: One of the light source assembly and the photosensitive part is a dynamic working unit, and the other is a static working unit. The dynamic working unit is used to be installed on the axis to be measured, and the static working unit is used to be installed on the support part. The ship shaft torsional vibration measuring device also includes a static power supply unit and a dynamic power supply unit. The static power supply unit is used to be installed on the support part and connected to a power supply. The dynamic power supply unit is used to be installed on the shaft to be measured and electrically connected to the dynamic working unit, and inductively supplies power to the dynamic working unit when rotating relative to the static power supply unit.

10. A method for measuring shaft torsional vibration, used in the ship shaft torsional vibration measuring device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The shaft system torsional vibration measurement method comprises: Obtaining a preset threshold range of the frequency of the electric pulse signal reflecting the change in the shaft system speed, and obtaining the actual frequency of the electric pulse signal of the shaft to be measured according to the optical pulse signal; Determining whether the actual electrical pulse signal frequency meets the preset threshold range; When the actual electrical pulse signal frequency does not meet the preset threshold range, the signal actually measured by the photosensitive part is discarded and the analysis is stopped; and when the actual pulse signal frequency meets the preset threshold range, the signal actually measured by the photosensitive part is analyzed and stored.

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