Testing device for simulating volcanic ash erosion sample material at normal temperature

Abstract

The invention provides a test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion sample materials at normal temperature. The test device comprises a gas supply system, a dust supply system, a gas-solid mixing system and an erosion test system, the gas supply system comprises an air compressor, a high-pressure gas storage tank and an air dryer which are connected in sequence, and an outlet of the air dryer is connected with the gas-solid mixing system; the dust supply system comprises a solid particle storage tank, the upper end of the solid particle storage tank is provided with a feed port, and a lower end outlet is connected with the gas-solid mixing system; the washout test system comprises a test chamber, a fixed disc which is arranged at an inlet of the test chamber and is communicated with the gas-solid mixing system, a nozzle on the fixed disc, and a sample disc which is positioned in the test chamber and is opposite to the fixed disc, and the nozzle is used for uniformly spraying solid particles onto a sample material on the sample disc. The test device can accurately simulate the erosive wear condition of the air compressor blade by the volcanic ash with different concentrations and speeds at normal temperature, and can also simulate the erosive damage condition of the air compressor blade and a thin-wall piece sample by the volcanic ash at a high rotating speed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of erosion performance testing of compressor blade materials for aeroengines, and more particularly relates to a test device for simulating the erosion of sample materials by volcanic ash at room temperature, which is used to simulate and real-time test the erosion of compressor blade sample materials and thin-walled sample materials by volcanic ash at room temperature. Background Art

[0002] According to incomplete statistics, there are about more than 60 active volcanoes erupting worldwide every year. The volcanic ash particles generated will rise to the upper-middle troposphere or even the stratosphere and float hundreds of kilometers away with the wind, seriously polluting the cruising airspace of aircraft. In April 2010, the airspace over Europe was closed for 6 days due to the ashes generated by the volcanic eruption in Iceland. Due to the risk posed by volcanic ash to aircraft engines, thousands of flights were cancelled and millions of passengers were stranded. The International Air Transport Association estimated that the losses of airlines were close to $2 billion. In 2015, the European Aviation Safety Agency even added for the first time in its airworthiness certification regulations for aeroengines the clause on evaluating and determining the sensitivity of engines to volcanic ash clouds.

[0003] Volcanic ash is composed of small jagged rocks, minerals and glass with a diameter less than 2 mm and is formed during volcanic eruptions. Very small ash particles can be less than 0.001 mm, and their shapes are mostly sharp-angled, with extremely strong erosion and wear characteristics. Volcanic ash will damage the components of gas turbine engines, leading to premature engine failure. Larger volcanic ash particles are broken by the fan before entering the compressor, and most of the volcanic ash particles entering the compressor have a diameter of 5 - 65 μm. Therefore, the compressor blades will be eroded by volcanic ash of different sizes, causing serious damage. The abrasiveness of volcanic ash also causes wear to the compressor rotor and the tips of rotor blades (mainly the high-pressure part), resulting in a loss of high-pressure turbine efficiency and engine thrust. In addition, the wear also causes a reduction in the engine stall margin and can cause irreversible damage to the compressor blades.

[0004] In 2010, the "flight safety" volcanic ash limit of the European Commission was 4 mg / m 3 , and the ash intake within 10 minutes was 0.72 kg. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration of the United States conducted a volcanic ash environment test on the F117 turbofan engine in July 2015, with the concentration set at 1 mg / m 3 and 10 mg / m 3 . Russia conducted a volcanic ash environment test on the PD-14 engine of the MC-21 airliner in October 2021, with the concentration of 4 mg / m 3, and use it as part of the engine model certification. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct erosion experiments on compressor blades under different volcanic ash concentrations to explore the erosion damage of blade materials under different concentrations and provide certain guarantees for the safety of aircraft.

[0005] The existing volcanic ash experiments in Russia or the United States are full-scale experiments, which consume a large amount of resources and have a complex experimental process. Moreover, the concentration is fixed and cannot be adjusted, and the experimental results are difficult to measure and quantify. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device for simulating the erosion of sample materials by volcanic ash at normal temperature, so as to simulate the erosion experiments of volcanic ash on sample materials of various shapes under different concentrations and different speeds, and at the same time, it can also simulate the erosion experiment of sample materials when rotating at high speed.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a test device for simulating the erosion of sample materials by volcanic ash at normal temperature, including a gas supply system, a dust supply system, a gas-solid mixing system, and an erosion test system; the gas supply system includes an air compressor, a high-pressure gas storage tank, and an air dryer connected in sequence, and the outlet of the air dryer is connected to the gas-solid mixing system; the dust supply system includes a solid particle storage tank, the upper end of the solid particle storage tank is provided with a feed inlet, and the lower end outlet of the solid particle storage tank is connected to the gas-solid mixing system; the gas-solid mixing system includes a gas-solid mixing chamber; the erosion test system includes a test chamber, a fixed disk located at the entrance of the test chamber and communicating with the gas-solid mixing system and a nozzle thereon, and a sample disk located in the test chamber and facing the fixed disk, and the nozzle is used to evenly spray solid particles onto the sample material on the sample disk.

[0008] The outlet of the air compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank through a first gas pressure gauge, and the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected to the inlet of the air dryer through a second gas pressure gauge, a gas flow regulating valve, and a first gas flow meter.

[0009] The outlet of the solid particle storage tank is connected to the inlet of a conical funnel, and the outlet of the conical funnel is connected to the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber of the gas-solid mixing system; and / or the outlet of the air dryer is connected to the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber through an air filter.

[0010] The test device for simulating the volcanic ash erosion test specimen material at normal temperature further includes a flow rate and concentration detection system. The flow rate and concentration detection system includes a first solid particle concentration sensor disposed in the gas-solid mixing chamber of the gas-solid mixing system; a second gas flowmeter, an ultrasonic flow generator, an ultrasonic flow receiver, and a second solid particle concentration sensor disposed on the pipeline between the gas-solid mixing system and the erosion test system; a high-speed camera, a third solid particle concentration sensor, a fourth solid particle concentration sensor, and a fifth solid particle concentration sensor disposed inside the test chamber of the erosion test system; a particle image velocimetry system monitors the velocity and concentration of particles in real time through the high-speed camera and stores the data in a computer; the flow rate and concentration detection system is connected to the computer.

[0011] The test device for simulating the volcanic ash erosion test specimen material at normal temperature further includes a control platform. The control platform includes a computer, and the computer is connected to at least one of a gas supply system controller, a dust supply system controller, and a rotary stirring controller through a central control cabinet.

[0012] When the computer is connected to the gas supply system controller, the gas supply system controller is connected to an air compressor, a first gas pressure gauge, a high-pressure gas storage tank, a second gas pressure gauge, a gas flow regulating valve, a first gas flowmeter, and an air dryer of the gas supply system; the first gas pressure gauge is disposed between the outlet of the air compressor and the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, and the second gas pressure gauge, the gas flow regulating valve, and the first gas flowmeter are disposed between the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank and the inlet of the air dryer;

[0013] When the computer is connected to the dust supply system controller, the dust supply system controller is connected to a solid particle flow regulating valve and a solid particle flowmeter of the dust supply system; the solid particle flowmeter and the solid particle flow regulating valve are disposed between the outlet of the solid particle storage tank and the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber of the gas-solid mixing system;

[0014] When the computer is connected to the rotary stirring controller, the rotary stirring controller is connected to a first servo motor of the dust supply system and a second servo motor of the erosion test system; the dust supply system further includes a spiral stirring rod inserted into the solid particle storage tank, spiral stirring blades disposed on the spiral stirring rod, and a first servo motor connected to the spiral stirring rod; a base, a rotary cylindrical platform, a motor bracket, and a second servo motor are sequentially connected from bottom to top between the driven shaft of the specimen disk and the bottom of the test chamber.

[0015] The rotary cylindrical platform can rotate 0 - 180°, and is engraved with a graduated scale.

[0016] The sample disk is used to mount the sample material, and the sample material includes a compressor blade sample and a thin-walled sample; the periphery of the sample disk is fixedly connected to the compressor blade sample through a positioning pin and a blade fixing hole; a thin-walled sample area is provided at the center of the sample disk, and a circular sliding groove, a plurality of sliding blocks slidable along the circular sliding groove, and a plurality of telescopic pressure rods with one end fixed to the sliding block and the other end pressing on the thin-walled sample area are provided around the thin-walled sample area of the sample disk, and the thin-walled sample is clamped and fixed at the thin-walled sample area through the telescopic pressure rods.

[0017] The nozzle is an improved conical straight nozzle, including a conical straight nozzle and an expansion section added at the outlet end of the conical straight nozzle.

[0018] The test device for simulating the erosion of sample materials by volcanic ash at normal temperature further includes a dust removal system, and the dust removal system includes a dust collector communicated with the test chamber and a metal filter provided in the dust collector.

[0019] The test device for simulating the erosion of sample materials by volcanic ash at normal temperature according to the present invention realizes the erosion experiment with low concentration and high flow rate through the air supply system with a high-pressure gas storage tank and the dust supply system with a solid particle storage tank; at the same time, the test device can perform static erosion experiments and rotary erosion experiments. During the rotary erosion experiment, three solid particle concentration sensors detect the concentration to simulate the situation where the blades of an aircraft engine encounter real volcanic ash erosion during flight. In addition, the particle image velocimetry system is used to monitor the velocity and concentration of particles in real time, and the data is timely fed back to the staff to adjust the particle rate and air flow rate to achieve the goal of variable low concentration; in addition, in addition to the conventional compressor blade material, the shape of the sample can also be used for erosion experiments of other thin-walled samples; the stirring of the spiral stirring rod can prevent the adhesion of volcanic ash particles, and at the same time, the faster the rotation speed of the spiral stirring rod, the faster the feeding speed; the improved conical straight nozzle is adopted to increase the erosion particle velocity. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a test device for simulating the erosion of sample materials by volcanic ash at normal temperature according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sample disk 26 in the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed disk 21 and the improved conical straight nozzle 22;

[0023] Figure 4 is a top view of the fixed disk 21 and the improved conical straight nozzle 22;

[0024] Figure 5 is a sectional view of the improved conical straight nozzle A-A;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the spiral stirring rod 11;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a side view of the sample installation position;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the improved conical straight nozzle;

[0028] Figure 9 It is the working principle diagram of the particle image velocimetry system.

[0029] 1 is an air compressor, 2 is a first gas pressure gauge, 3 is a high-pressure gas storage tank, 4 is a second gas pressure gauge, 5 is a gas flow regulating valve, 6 is a first gas flowmeter, 7 is an air dryer, 8 is an air filter, 9 is a solid particle flow regulating valve, 10 is a first servo motor, 11 is a spiral stirring rod, 12 is a solid particle storage tank, 13 is a solid particle flowmeter, 14 is a conical funnel, 15 is a gas-solid mixing chamber, 16 is a solid particle concentration meter, 17 is a second gas flowmeter, 18 is an ultrasonic flowmeter generator, 19 is an ultrasonic flow receiver, 20 is a first solid particle concentration sensor, 21 is a fixed disc, 22 is an improved conical straight nozzle, 221 is a large-diameter straight section, 222 is a conical transition section, 223 is a small-diameter straight section, 224 is an expansion section, 23 is a test cabin door, 24 is a second solid particle concentration sensor, 25 is a high-speed camera, 26 is a sample disc, 27 is a second servo motor, 28 is a motor bracket, 29 is a rotating cylindrical platform, 30 is a base, 31 is a test cabin, 32 is a third solid particle concentration sensor, 33 is a fourth solid particle concentration sensor, 34 is a dust collector, 35 is a metal filter screen, 36 is a gas supply system controller, 37 is a dust supply system controller, 38 is a rotating stirring controller, 39 is a central control cabinet, 40 is a computer, 41 is a spiral stirring blade, 42 is a positioning pin, 43 is a compressor blade, 44 is a blade fixing hole, 45 is a sliding block, 46 is a thin-walled sample area, 47 is a telescopic pressure rod, 48 is a circular sliding groove, 49 is a coupling, 50 is a fixed bracket, 51 is a laser, 52 is a synchronization controller. Specific embodiments

[0030] The following further describes the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0031] The terms "first", "second", etc. in the description and claims of the present invention and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are only codes for distinguishing physical objects, and do not have to be used to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0032] The following combinesFigures 1 to 9 A test device for simulating the material of volcanic ash erosion specimens at room temperature of the present invention will be further introduced in detail. As Figures 1 to 9 shown, the test device for simulating the material of volcanic ash erosion specimens at room temperature of the present invention includes an air supply system, a dust supply system, a gas-solid mixing system, an erosion test system, a flow rate and concentration detection system, a control platform and a dust removal system.

[0033] The air supply system includes an air compressor 1, a high-pressure gas storage tank 3 and an air dryer 7 connected in sequence. The outlet of the air compressor 1 is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 3 through a first gas pressure gauge 2, and the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank 3 is connected to the inlet of the air dryer 7 through a second gas pressure gauge 4, a gas flow regulating valve 5 and a first gas flow meter 6, and the outlet of the air dryer 7 is connected to the gas-solid mixing system.

[0034] The dust supply system includes a solid particle storage tank 12. The upper end of the solid particle storage tank 12 is provided with a feed inlet, and the lower end outlet of the solid particle storage tank 12 is connected to the gas-solid mixing system. Among them, the dust supply system further includes a spiral stirring rod 11 inserted into the solid particle storage tank 12, spiral stirring blades 41 arranged on the spiral stirring rod 11, and a first servo motor 10 connected to the spiral stirring rod 11 to assist the feeding of solid particles. The outlet of the solid particle storage tank 12 is connected to the inlet of a conical funnel 14 through a solid particle flow meter 13 and a solid particle flow regulating valve 9, and the outlet of the conical funnel 14 is connected to the inlet of a gas-solid mixing chamber 15 of the gas-solid mixing system.

[0035] Among them, the solid particle flow meter 13 is connected to the dust supply system controller 37 of the control platform through a wire to display the solid particle flow rate in real time through a computer 40. In the present invention, by adjusting the rotation stirring controller 38 of the control platform to control the rotation of the first servo motor 10, the rotation speed of the spiral stirring rod 11 is driven to control the different feeding speeds of solid particles, and the specific solid particle flow rate can be controlled by adjusting the solid particle flow regulating valve 9.

[0036] In the case of adding a small amount of materials (tens of grams) at one time, the speed of the spiral stirring rod 11 has little influence, but when the experimental duration is long, in order to ensure the continuity of the experiment, a large amount of materials such as 3 kg of materials need to be added. The size of volcanic ash particles is about 5 - 65 μm, and it is extremely sticky (also easy to stick in the dry state), resulting in uneven discharge of volcanic ash. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the materials from sticking together through the spiral stirring rod to ensure the uniformity of discharge. The faster the rotation speed of the spiral stirring rod 11, the faster the feeding speed, but the specific particle flow rate is controlled by the solid particle flow regulating valve 9.

[0037] In this embodiment, the solid particle storage tank 12 is made of glass and has scales, so that it is possible to roughly see how much material has been added and how much material remains in the experiment (it has a certain light transmittance, and the inner wall is smooth and does not react with volcanic ash). The solid particles stored in the solid particle storage tank 12 are volcanic ash, with an average size of about 5 - 65 μm.

[0038] The gas-solid mixing system includes a gas-solid mixing chamber 15 connected to the air supply system and the dust supply system. The outlet of the air dryer 7 of the air supply system is connected to the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber 15 of the gas-solid mixing system through an air filter 8. The outlet of the conical funnel 14 is also connected to the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber 15.

[0039] The erosion test system includes a test chamber 31, a fixed disk 21 located at the entrance of the test chamber 31 and communicating with the gas-solid mixing system, and a nozzle 22 thereon. A specimen disk 26 facing the fixed disk 21 is located in the test chamber 31. The nozzle 22 is used to spray solid particles onto the specimen material on the specimen disk 26. Between the driven shaft of the specimen disk 26 and the bottom of the test chamber 31, there are successively connected from bottom to top a base 30, a rotating cylindrical platform 29, a motor bracket 28, and a second servo motor 27. The output shaft of the second servo motor 27 is connected to the driven shaft of the specimen disk 26 through a coupling 49, so that the rotation of the second servo motor 27 is driven by the rotation stirring controller 38 of the control platform to drive the specimen disk 26 to rotate. Among them, the second servo motor 27 is installed on the rotating cylindrical platform 29 through the motor bracket 28. A graduated disk is engraved on the rotating cylindrical platform 29, and the rotating cylindrical platform 29 can rotate 0 - 180°. Therefore, during the test, the angle between the nozzle 22 and the specimen disk 26 is adjusted to 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°.

[0040] The specimen disk 26 is used to install the specimen material. The specimen material includes a compressor blade specimen 43 and a thin-wall specimen. The periphery of the specimen disk 26 is fixedly connected to the compressor blade specimen 43 through a positioning pin 42 and a blade fixing hole 44 to prevent the blade from being thrown off during the rotating erosion test. A thin-wall specimen area 46 is provided at the center of the specimen disk 26. A circular sliding groove 48, a plurality of sliding blocks 45 slidable along the circular sliding groove 48, and a telescopic pressure rod 47 with one end fixed to the sliding block 45 and the other end pressing on the thin-wall specimen area 46 are provided around the thin-wall specimen area 46 of the specimen disk 26. The number of telescopic pressure rods 47 is multiple (6 in this embodiment). It can move freely in the circular sliding groove 48 through the sliding block 45 and can freely adjust its length. Therefore, different-sized thin-wall specimens are clamped and fixed in the thin-wall specimen area 46 through the telescopic pressure rod 47 for erosion experiments.

[0041] In this embodiment, the fixed disk 21 is communicated with the gas-solid mixing system through a pipeline. A test chamber door 23 is provided at the entrance of the test chamber 31, and the fixed disk 21 is communicated with the test chamber 31 through the test chamber door 23.

[0042] In this embodiment, the number of nozzles 22 is 8. The nozzle 22 is preferably an improved conical straight nozzle, which includes a conical straight nozzle and an expansion section added at the outlet end of the conical straight nozzle. The design of the expansion section facilitates pressure reduction and speed increase, thereby improving the flow rate and also facilitating processing and manufacturing. In this embodiment, the improved conical straight nozzle is formed by sequentially connecting a large-diameter straight section 221, a conical transition section 222, and a small-diameter straight section 223. The lengths of the large-diameter straight section 221, the conical transition section 222, and the small-diameter straight section 223 are 25 mm, 12 mm, and 5 mm respectively, and the length of the expansion section 224 is 8 mm. The diameters of the large-diameter straight section 221 and the small-diameter straight section 223 are 5 mm and 2 mm respectively.

[0043] In this embodiment, the test chamber 31 is made of glass or acrylic board, which has good light transmittance and certain strength (select a material with good light transmittance, certain strength and toughness). The glass or acrylic board is set to observe the internal experimental process and the erosion condition of the specimen, and at the same time to prevent dust from scattering everywhere.

[0044] The flow rate and concentration detection system includes a first solid particle concentration sensor 16 disposed in the gas-solid mixing chamber 15 of the gas-solid mixing system, so that the concentration in the gas-solid mixing chamber 15 can be obtained through the first solid particle concentration sensor 16; a second gas flowmeter 17, an ultrasonic flow generator 18, an ultrasonic flow receiver 19, and a second solid particle concentration sensor 20 disposed on the pipeline between the gas-solid mixing system and the erosion test system; a high-speed camera 25, a third solid particle concentration sensor 24, a fourth solid particle concentration sensor 32, and a fifth solid particle concentration sensor 33 disposed inside the test chamber 31 of the erosion test system. The flow rate and concentration detection system is connected to a computer 40 through a central control cabinet 39.

[0045] The second gas flowmeter 17, the ultrasonic flow generator 18, and the ultrasonic flow receiver 19 are used to achieve flow rate detection. The ultrasonic flow generator 18 and the ultrasonic flow receiver 19 constitute an ultrasonic flow detection system. The ultrasonic flow generator 18 emits acoustic signals, and the ultrasonic flow receiver 19 receives the signals to detect the air flow rate; and the ultrasonic flow detection system is compared with the reading of the second gas flowmeter 17 to reduce errors. When the difference between the two readings is less than a certain range, for example, one percent, it is considered that the reading is accurate at this time, and the flow rate value is taken as the average of the two.

[0046] The first solid particle concentration sensor 16, the second solid particle concentration sensor 20, and the high-speed camera 25 are used to achieve concentration detection. The second solid particle concentration sensor 20 can detect the concentration of volcanic ash particles in the pipeline at this time. The high-speed camera 25 is connected to the computer 40 through a wire and stores the photos taken during the experiment in the computer 40. The laser 51, the high-speed camera 25, the synchronization controller connected to both the laser 51 and the high-speed camera 25, and the computer 40 connected to the synchronization controller form a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system. The working principle of the particle image velocimetry system is as Figure 9 shown. It irradiates with a laser and the high-speed camera 25 takes images, imports the images into the computer, and the computer software processes the pictures in the database format that has been established. Within a certain time interval Δt, if the displacements Δx and Δy (or Δz) of the fluid particles (with particles as tracer particles) are measured, the magnitudes and directions of the velocities in the x and y directions at this point can be determined. At the same time, the PIV system can also measure the concentration field of the particles, thereby determining the velocities and concentrations of the erosion particles and storing the data in the computer. The particle image velocimetry (PIV) system monitors the velocities and concentrations of the particles in real time through the high-speed camera 25, stores the data in the computer 40, and feeds it back to the staff in a timely manner to adjust the particle rate and air flow rate to achieve the goal of variable low concentration.

[0047] In this embodiment, the maximum rotational speed of the first servo motor 10 is 2000 rpm, and the maximum rotational speed of the second servo motor 27 is 18000 rpm.

[0048] The control platform includes a gas supply system controller 36, a dust supply system controller 37, a rotary stirring controller 38, and a computer 40 connected to the output ends of the gas supply system controller 36, the dust supply system controller 37, and the rotary stirring controller 38 through a central control cabinet 39. The central control cabinet 39 is connected to the computer through a wire and converts the electrical signal into a digital signal and displays it on the computer 40 in real time.

[0049] Among them, the gas supply system controller 36 is connected to the air compressor 1, the first gas pressure gauge 2, the high-pressure gas storage tank 3, the second gas pressure gauge 4, the gas flow regulating valve 5, the first gas flowmeter 6, and the air dryer 7 of the gas supply system; the dust supply system controller 37 is connected to the solid particle flow regulating valve 9 and the solid particle flowmeter 13 of the dust supply system; the rotary stirring controller 38 is connected to the first servo motor 10 (the first servo motor drives the spiral stirring rod 11 to rotate) and the second servo motor 27.

[0050] Thus, the gas supply system controller 36 receives the detection signals from the first gas pressure gauge 2, the second gas pressure gauge 4, the gas flow regulating valve 5, and the first gas flowmeter 6, outputs the electrical signals from these devices to the central control cabinet 39, and outputs feedback signals to the air compressor 1, the high-pressure gas storage tank 3, the gas flow regulating valve 5, and the air dryer 7 according to the readings on the computer.

[0051] The dust supply system controller 37 receives the detection signals from the solid particle flow regulating valve 9 and the solid particle flowmeter 13, outputs the electrical signals from these devices to the central control cabinet, and at the same time outputs a feedback signal to the solid particle flow regulating valve 9 through the control of the computer to adjust the opening of the solid particle flow regulating valve 9 according to the indication value of the solid particle flowmeter 13, thereby controlling the solid particle flow rate.

[0052] The rotary stirring controller 38 receives the electrical signals generated by the first servo motor 10 and the second servo motor 27, and transmits this electrical signal to the central control cabinet 39. The central control cabinet 39 converts the electrical signal into a digital signal and displays it on the computer 40, and adjusts the rotation speeds of the two motors according to the requirements.

[0053] The dust removal system includes a dust collector 34 communicated with the test chamber 31 and a metal filter screen 35 provided in the dust collector 34. Thus, when the experiment is over, the volcanic ash dust and other sundries in the test chamber can be removed through the dust collector 34. The metal filter screen 35 can filter out larger sundries, leaving the volcanic ash particles used in the experiment to prevent environmental pollution. Among them, the size of the volcanic ash particles is about 5 - 65 microns, and the size of the filtered impurities is particles above 150 microns or some experimental garbage.

[0054] The test device for simulating the erosion of sample materials by volcanic ash at normal temperature of the present invention realizes the erosion experiment with low concentration and high flow rate through a gas supply system with a high-pressure gas storage tank and a dust supply system with a solid particle storage tank; at the same time, the test device can carry out static erosion experiments and rotary erosion experiments. During the rotary erosion experiment, three solid particle concentration sensors detect the concentration, simulating the situation where the blades of an aircraft engine encounter real volcanic ash erosion during flight. In addition, the velocity and concentration of particles are monitored in real time through a particle image velocimetry (PIV) system, and the data is timely fed back to the staff to adjust the particle rate and air flow rate to achieve the goal of variable low concentration; in addition, the shape of the sample can be used for erosion experiments of other thin-walled samples in addition to the conventional compressor blade materials; the stirring of the spiral stirring rod can prevent the adhesion of volcanic ash particles, and at the same time, the faster the rotation speed of the spiral stirring rod, the faster the feeding speed; an improved conical straight nozzle is adopted to increase the erosion particle speed.

[0055] Among them, when simulating the erosion of the blade material by volcanic ash, high-pressure air generated by an air compressor enters a high-pressure gas storage tank. The high-pressure gas storage tank transmits the high-pressure air to an air dryer through a second gas pressure gauge and a first gas flowmeter. The information output by the second gas pressure gauge and the first gas flowmeter is transmitted to a gas supply system controller. The gas supply system controller transmits an electrical signal to a central control cabinet and finally converts it into a digital signal for display on a computer. When the gas flow output by the high-pressure gas storage tank is less than a preset target, the gas supply system controller will control the air compressor to inflate the high-pressure gas storage tank to reach the preset target. The dust supply system controller adjusts a solid particle control valve through the information output by a solid particle flowmeter to control the mass flow of volcanic ash particles. The rotation stirring controller controls the rotation of a first servo motor, which can drive a spiral stirring rod to stir the volcanic ash particles to prevent blockage of the feed pipe, and can also control the feeding rate through the rotation speed of the spiral stirring rod. A second servo motor can drive the rotation of a specimen disc to make the specimen rotate at a high speed, simulating the erosion test of the blade at a high rotation speed. By monitoring the air flow and the mass flow of volcanic ash, the concentration of volcanic ash can be calculated and verified through a solid particle concentration meter and a solid particle concentration sensor, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the experimental data.

[0056] The specific working process of a test device for simulating the erosion of a specimen material by volcanic ash at normal temperature according to the present invention is as follows:

[0057] First, turn on the switches of the computer, the central control cabinet, and each system controller. The air flow value output is obtained in real time through the first gas flowmeter 6. If the air flow is less than the value required for the test, the gas supply system controller 36 generates an electrical signal according to the air flow information and sends it to the gas flow control valve 5 and the air compressor 1, adjusts the opening degree of the gas flow control valve, and drives the air compressor to generate more air to be supplied to the high-pressure gas storage tank 3 to reach the target air flow. At the same time, the first gas pressure gauge 2 and the second gas pressure gauge 4 can respectively detect the pressure values of the high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor 1 and the high-pressure gas flowing out of the high-pressure storage tank 4. On the premise of meeting the air flow, the gas supply system controller 36 can adjust the pressure of the air compressor 1 to control the flow rate.

[0058] Add volcanic ash particles through the feed inlet at the upper end of the solid particle storage tank 12. The output end of the first servo motor 10 is connected to the spiral stirring rod 11. The spiral stirring blades will make the volcanic ash evenly distributed in the solid particle storage tank and not easily adhere. The mass flow rate of the volcanic ash can be controlled by the solid particle flowmeter 13 and the solid particle flow regulating valve 9. Air and volcanic ash particles enter the gas-solid mixing chamber 15 through a pipeline and a conical funnel and are mixed evenly therein. The gas-solid mixing chamber is connected with a solid particle concentration meter 16, which can detect the concentration of the volcanic ash particles after mixing. Then, the well-mixed gas-solid mixture enters the six improved cone-straight nozzles 22 installed on the fixed turntable 21 through the second gas flowmeter 17, the ultrasonic flow generator 18, the ultrasonic flow receiver 19, and the first solid particle concentration sensor 20. Adjust the angle between the nozzle and the specimen to conduct the erosion test.

[0059] The specimen disk 26 can be installed with two different types of specimens. One is the blade specimen, and the other is the thin-wall specimen. Install the compressor blade 42 in the blade fixing hole 44 on the specimen disk 26 and fix it with the positioning pin 42 to conduct the erosion test. Some thin-wall parts with regular or irregular shapes can also be placed in the thin-wall specimen area 46, and the thin-wall parts can be pressed tightly with the retractable compressor 47 that can slide in the circular sliding groove 48 to conduct the erosion test.

[0060] When the second servo motor 27 is not started, the specimen disk 26 remains stationary. Place the specimen in the thin-wall test area 46 or the blade fixing hole 44 to conduct the static specimen erosion experiment. When the second servo motor 27 is started, the specimen disk 26 drives the specimen to rotate (the rotation speed of the specimen disk 26 is 0 - 7000 rpm) to conduct the rotational erosion experiment. Through the third solid particle concentration sensor 24, the fourth solid particle concentration sensor 32, and the fifth solid particle concentration sensor 33, the concentration of the volcanic ash in the test chamber at this time can be detected, simulating the situation where the aircraft engine blade encounters real volcanic ash erosion during flight. The volcanic ash concentration is judged by the readings of the three solid particle concentration sensors. When the differences between the three readings are less than a certain value, such as three percent, it can be considered that the concentration is relatively accurate at this time, and the average value of the three readings is taken as the concentration value at this time.

[0061] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various changes can be made to the above embodiments of the present invention. All simple, equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the content of the specification of the present invention application fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention patent. The content not described in detail in the present invention is all conventional technical content.

Claims

1. A test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature, characterized in that: Including air supply system, dust supply system, gas-solid mixing system and erosion test system; The gas supply system comprises an air compressor, a high-pressure gas storage tank and an air dryer which are connected in sequence, and the outlet of the air dryer is connected to the gas-solid mixing system; The dust supply system comprises a solid particle storage tank, the upper end of which is provided with a feed inlet, and the lower end outlet is connected to the gas-solid mixing system; The gas-solid mixing system comprises a gas-solid mixing chamber; The erosion test system includes a test chamber, a fixed disc located at the entrance of the test chamber and connected to a gas-solid mixing system and a nozzle thereon, and a sample disc located in the test chamber and facing the fixed disc. The nozzle is used to uniformly spray solid particles onto the sample material on the sample disc.

2. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the air compressor is connected to the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank through a No. 1 gas pressure gauge, and the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank is connected to the inlet of the air dryer through a No. 2 gas pressure gauge, a gas flow regulating valve, and a No. 1 gas flow meter.

3. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion sample material at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the solid particle storage tank is connected to the inlet of the conical funnel, and the outlet of the conical funnel is connected to the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber of the gas-solid mixing system; and / or The outlet of the air dryer is connected to the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber through an air filter.

4. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a flow and concentration detection system, which includes a No. 1 solid particle concentration sensor arranged in the gas-solid mixing chamber of the gas-solid mixing system; a No. 2 gas flow meter, an ultrasonic flow generator, an ultrasonic flow receiver and a No. 2 solid particle concentration sensor arranged on the pipeline between the gas-solid mixing system and the erosion test system; a high-speed camera, a No. 3 solid particle concentration sensor, a No. 4 solid particle concentration sensor and a No. 5 solid particle concentration sensor arranged inside the test chamber of the erosion test system; and a particle image velocimetry system that monitors the speed and concentration of particles in real time through the high-speed camera and stores the data in a computer; The flow rate and concentration detection system is connected with a computer.

5. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a control platform, which includes a computer. The computer is connected to at least one of an air supply system controller, a dust supply system controller and a rotary stirring controller through a central control cabinet.

6. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the computer is connected to the gas supply system controller, the gas supply system controller is connected to the air compressor, No. 1 gas pressure gauge, high-pressure gas storage tank, No. 2 gas pressure gauge, gas flow regulating valve, No. 1 gas flow meter, and air dryer of the gas supply system; the No. 1 gas pressure gauge is arranged between the outlet of the air compressor and the inlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank, and the No. 2 gas pressure gauge, gas flow regulating valve, and No. 1 gas flow meter are arranged between the outlet of the high-pressure gas storage tank and the inlet of the air dryer; When the computer is connected to the dust supply system controller, the dust supply system controller is connected to the solid particle flow regulating valve and the solid particle flow meter of the dust supply system; the solid particle flow meter and the solid particle flow regulating valve are arranged between the outlet of the solid particle storage tank and the inlet of the gas-solid mixing chamber of the gas-solid mixing system; When the computer is connected to the rotary stirring controller, the rotary stirring controller is connected to the No. 1 servo motor of the dust supply system and the No. 2 servo motor of the erosion test system; the dust supply system also includes a spiral stirring rod inserted in the solid particle storage tank, a spiral stirring blade provided on the spiral stirring rod, and a No. 1 servo motor connected to the spiral stirring rod; a base, a rotating cylindrical table, a motor bracket and a No. 2 servo motor are provided between the driven shaft of the sample disc and the bottom of the test chamber, which are connected in sequence from bottom to top.

7. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 6, characterized in that: The rotating cylindrical table can rotate 0-180 degrees and is engraved with a dividing disk.

8. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample disc is used to install sample materials, and the sample materials include compressor blade samples and thin-walled samples; the periphery of the sample disc is fixedly connected to the compressor blade sample by means of positioning pins and blade fixing holes; a thin-walled sample area is provided at the center of the sample disc, and the sample disc is provided with a circular sliding groove, a plurality of sliding blocks that can slide along the circular sliding groove, and a plurality of telescopic pressure rods with one end fixed on the sliding block and the other end pressed on the thin-walled sample area, and the thin-walled sample is clamped and fixed at the thin-walled sample area by the telescopic pressure rods.

9. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nozzle is an improved cone straight nozzle, comprising a cone straight nozzle and an expansion section added to the outlet end of the cone straight nozzle.

10. The test device for simulating volcanic ash erosion of sample materials at room temperature according to claim 1, characterized in that: The test chamber also includes a dust removal system, which includes a vacuum cleaner connected to the test chamber and a metal filter screen arranged in the vacuum cleaner.

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