Antenna and Wireless Device

Abstract

The present application provides an antenna and a wireless device, belonging to the field of wireless communication technologies. The antenna includes an antenna element and a first substrate. The antenna element is located on the surface of the first substrate. If the wireless device to which the antenna belongs is an FTTR device, the antenna element includes two monopoles and a microstrip oscillator. The included angle between the length direction of each monopole and the length direction of the microstrip oscillator is greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees, so that the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the monopole is not parallel to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator. Therefore, the polarization types of the monopole and the microstrip oscillator are different, and a multi-polarized antenna can be provided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of wireless communication technologies, and particularly to an antenna and a wireless device. Background Art

[0002] With the development of network technologies, wireless devices have gradually become essential devices in life. Wireless devices radiate electromagnetic waves to provide Wi-Fi services for terminal devices.

[0003] Currently, most antennas of wireless devices radiate electromagnetic waves by superimposing multiple magnetic current sources, and there is only one type of polarization. However, due to the large variety of terminal devices, such as mobile phones, tablet computers, smart home devices, or Internet of Things devices, etc., multiple polarization types may be required. Therefore, there is a need to provide an antenna with multiple polarizations. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an antenna and a wireless device that can provide an antenna with multiple polarizations. The technical solutions adopted are as follows:

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna. The antenna includes an antenna unit and a first substrate. The antenna unit is located on the surface of the first substrate. The antenna unit includes two monopoles and a microstrip oscillator. The two monopoles are located on both sides of the center line of the microstrip oscillator. Among them, the center line is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator, and the length directions of the two monopoles form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the length direction of the microstrip oscillator.

[0006] In the solution shown in this application, in the antenna, the antenna unit is the radiation unit of the antenna. The antenna unit includes a monopole and a microstrip oscillator. Since the length direction of each monopole forms an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the length direction of the microstrip oscillator, and from the radiation characteristics of the microstrip oscillator and the monopole, it can be known that the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator is along the width direction of the microstrip oscillator, while the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the monopole is along the length direction of the monopole, so that the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the monopole is not parallel to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator. Therefore, the polarization types of the monopole and the microstrip oscillator are different, and an antenna with multiple polarizations can be provided.

[0007] In an optional manner, the length direction of each monopole forms an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 10 degrees with the length direction of the microstrip oscillator. In this way, the angles formed by the length directions of the two monopoles and the length direction of the microstrip oscillator are relatively small, so that the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the monopole is close to being orthogonal to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator, and two orthogonal polarizations can be provided as much as possible.

[0008] In an alternative approach, the angle between the length directions of the two monopoles and the length direction of the microstrip oscillator is equal to 0 degrees. That is to say, the length directions of the two monopoles are parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator. The electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the two monopoles is along the length direction of the monopoles, and the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator is along the width direction of the microstrip oscillator. Therefore, the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the monopoles is orthogonal to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator, and horizontal polarization and vertical polarization can be provided.

[0009] In an alternative approach, the microstrip oscillator and the two monopoles are both parallel to the surface of the first substrate, making the thickness of the antenna smaller, that is, the antenna is a low-profile antenna.

[0010] In an alternative approach, the two monopoles provide polarization at a first angle in the magnetic field plane and the microstrip oscillator provides polarization at a second angle in the magnetic field plane. The first angle is less than the second angle, and the magnetic field plane is perpendicular to the center line of the microstrip oscillator. In this way, it is equivalent to having small-angle polarization in the magnetic field plane and large-angle polarization in the magnetic field plane. After the two polarizations are combined, a wide-beam radiation characteristic can be achieved in the magnetic field plane.

[0011] In an alternative approach, the two monopoles are parasitic elements of the microstrip oscillator. The connection line of the feeding points of the two monopoles passes through the weak current region of the microstrip oscillator. The current in the weak current region is less than the current in other regions of the microstrip oscillator. The connection line of the feeding points of the two monopoles is perpendicular to the center line of the microstrip oscillator. In this way, since the monopoles are parasitic elements of the microstrip oscillator, after the microstrip oscillator radiates electromagnetic waves, the monopoles are effectively excited through the near-field parasitic coupling method, and the monopoles themselves also have feeding points for excitation, making the antenna have multiple resonance points, increasing the operating bandwidth of the antenna. Moreover, since the current in the weak current region is lower than the current in other regions of the microstrip oscillator, and the current at the feeding point positions of the monopoles is large, the gains of the two exactly complement each other, enabling the antenna to have a high gain.

[0012] In an alternative approach, the current null position of the microstrip oscillator is the position where the current in the microstrip oscillator is the smallest, and the current at the feeding points of the two monopoles is the largest. The current null position of the microstrip oscillator is located on the connection line of the feeding points of the two monopoles, making the gains of the microstrip oscillator and the two monopoles complement each other, enabling the antenna to have a high gain.

[0013] In an alternative manner, in the antenna, there can be multiple antenna elements, and these multiple antenna elements are arranged along a target direction, which is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator, such that the antenna elements are arrayed in the electric field plane, thereby enabling high gain of the antenna. Here, the electric field plane is perpendicular to the magnetic field plane.

[0014] In an alternative manner, the monopole serves as the radiation element of the antenna, and the arrangement of the monopoles directly affects the radiation pattern of the antenna. Along the length direction of the microstrip oscillator, the end faces of the two monopoles are set to be flush, and the distances between the two monopoles and the microstrip oscillator are set to be the same, such that the two monopoles are symmetric with respect to the center line of the microstrip oscillator, thereby being able to enhance the symmetry of the radiation pattern of the antenna.

[0015] In an alternative manner, when the resonant mode of the radiation element is a high-order mode, the size of the radiation element is small. Therefore, setting the resonant mode of the microstrip oscillator to a high-order mode can reduce the size of the microstrip oscillator, thereby being able to reduce the volume of the antenna.

[0016] In an alternative manner, through simulation, setting the high-order mode to a quasi-1.5-order mode can make the size of the microstrip oscillator small and also meet the requirements.

[0017] In a second aspect, the present application provides a wireless device, which includes a second substrate, a metal gasket, and the antenna described in the first aspect or any alternative manner of the first aspect; the first substrate in the antenna is electrically connected to the second substrate through the metal gasket.

[0018] In an alternative manner, the wireless device is a Fiber to the Room (FTTR) device.

[0019] For the effects in the second aspect or the alternative manners of the second aspect, refer to the description in the first aspect and will not be elaborated here. Description of the Drawings

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the radiation pattern provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0021] Figure 2 is a front view of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0022] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the electric field and magnetic field of the monopole and the microstrip oscillator provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0023] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the antenna beam synthesis mechanism provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional polarization synthesis provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a marked front view of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the impedance bandwidth of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 8 It is the 3D radiation pattern of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application at 5.15 GHz;

[0028] Figure 9 It is the radiation pattern of the magnetic field plane of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application at four frequencies;

[0029] Figure 10 It is a three-dimensional view of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application in a wireless device;

[0030] Figure 11 It is an application example diagram of the antenna provided by an embodiment of the present application in an FTTR device.

[0031] Illustration

[0032] 1. Antenna element; 2. First substrate; 11. Monopole; 12. Microstrip oscillator; 111. Monopole arm; 112. Metal column;

[0033] 01. Second substrate. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present application clearer, the following will further describe the embodiments of the present application in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] In a wireless network, the polarization type of the antenna in a wireless device that provides Wi-Fi services is generally one type. For example, in one solution, the antenna superimposes the same polarization electric fields of magnetic current sources, and the polarization type of the radiated electromagnetic wave is single. In another solution, the antenna superimposes the same polarization electric fields of current sources, and the polarization type of the radiated electromagnetic wave is single. However, there are many types of terminal devices that use this Wi-Fi service, and antennas of multiple polarization types may be required for signal transmission. For example, the terminal devices include but are not limited to mobile phones, tablet computers, smart home devices, or Internet of Things devices, etc.

[0036] Based on this, an embodiment of the present application provides a multi-polarized antenna, which includes a monopole 11 and a microstrip oscillator 12. The electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the monopole 11 is not parallel to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator 12. In this way, by providing a polarization type through the monopole 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 respectively, the antenna can provide two polarization types.

[0037] First, the noun concepts involved in the embodiments of the present application are described.

[0038] 1. Gain is a parameter used to measure the ability of an antenna to transmit and receive signals in a specific direction. The greater the gain of the antenna in a certain direction, the stronger the ability to transmit and receive signals in that direction.

[0039] 2. Radiation pattern is a three-dimensional quantity that describes the field or power as a function of three-dimensional spherical coordinates and is also known as the lobe pattern because it presents a petal-like shape. As Figure 1 shown, in the three-dimensional spherical coordinate system, when viewed from the positive z-axis, is the angle of rotation from the x-axis in the counterclockwise direction to the projection connection line. The projection connection line is the connection line between the projection P' of the point P in space on the xoy plane and the origin O, is the angle between the connection line from the origin to the point P and the positive z-axis.

[0040] 3. Impedance bandwidth refers to the frequency at which the antenna can operate normally when meeting specific impedance matching conditions. Among them, within the impedance bandwidth, the impedance at the input end of the antenna is close to the system characteristic impedance, and the reflected power is effectively suppressed.

[0041] 4. Beam width refers to the angle between the two corresponding points on both sides when the power flux density in the main lobe maximum radiation direction of the antenna radiation pattern drops to half of the peak value. The beam width can also be called the half-power beam width. The beam width is used to quantify the energy concentration degree of the main lobe of the antenna and reflects the spatial selectivity of the antenna to radiate or receive signals.

[0042] 5. Magnetic field plane refers to the plane formed by the magnetic field vector and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna, and is also called the horizontal plane, abbreviated as the H-plane.

[0043] 6. Electric field (Electric, E) plane refers to the plane formed by the electric field vector and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna, and is also called the vertical plane, abbreviated as the E-plane.

[0044] 7. Low profile means that the physical height of the antenna is significantly smaller than its operating wavelength or overall size, and can achieve structural flattening.

[0045] 8. Resonant mode refers to a stable electromagnetic field distribution state formed when, at a specific frequency of the antenna, its structure (such as conductor length or shape, etc.) matches the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave. At this time, the input impedance of the antenna presents a pure resistive property, and the electromagnetic energy is efficiently converted into radiation energy to achieve the maximum radiation efficiency.

[0046] 9. Fundamental mode is the lowest-frequency resonant mode in the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna and is also the most basic and stable electromagnetic field distribution state.

[0047] 10. Higher-order mode is a resonant mode in the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna that is higher than the fundamental mode, corresponding to a higher resonant frequency and a more complex electromagnetic field distribution pattern.

[0048] 11. 1.5-order mode belongs to a non-integer-order resonant mode between the fundamental mode and integer higher-order modes in the electromagnetic field distribution of the antenna. The 1.5-order mode is also called a quasi-1.5-order mode.

[0049] Next, the structure of the antenna will be described.

[0050] The antenna includes an antenna element 1 and a first substrate 2. The antenna element 1 is the radiation element of the antenna, and the first substrate 2 is the antenna substrate. The first substrate 2 has an upper surface and a lower surface, and these two surfaces are opposite surfaces. The upper surface and the lower surface are relative to the second substrate 01 mentioned later. The surface opposite to the second substrate 01 is the lower surface, and the other surface is the upper surface. The antenna element 1 is located on the upper surface of the first substrate 2. For example, the antenna element 1 is printed on the upper surface of the first substrate 2, and the lower surface of the first substrate 2 is copper-clad. The antenna element 1 includes two monopoles 11 and a microstrip oscillator 12. Each monopole 11 is located on both sides of the center line of the microstrip oscillator 12. Among them, the center line is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12, and the length directions of the two monopoles 11 form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12. Among them, from the radiation characteristics of the monopole 11, it can be known that the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the two monopoles 11 is along the length direction of the monopole 11, and from the radiation characteristics of the microstrip oscillator 12, it can be known that the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator 12 is along the width direction of the microstrip oscillator 12. In this way, the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the monopole 11 is not parallel to the electric field direction of the electromagnetic wave radiated by the microstrip oscillator 12. Therefore, the polarization types of the monopole 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 are different, and a multi-polarized antenna can be provided. Among them, the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12 is the direction where the long side of the microstrip oscillator 12 is located, and the width direction of the microstrip oscillator 12 is the direction where the short side of the microstrip oscillator 12 is located. The length direction of the monopole 11 is the direction where the long side of the monopole 11 is located. The long side and the short side are relative concepts. In a rectangle, the length of the long side is greater than the length of the short side.

[0051] In an alternative manner, in order to provide two polarizations that are as close to orthogonal as possible, the included angles between the length directions of the two monopoles and the length direction of the microstrip oscillator are both greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 10 degrees.

[0052] In an alternative manner, in order to enable the antenna to provide two orthogonal polarizations, Figure 2 A front view of the antenna is provided. Refer to Figure 2 , two monopoles 11 are located on both sides of the center line of the microstrip oscillator 12. The length directions of the two monopoles 11 are parallel to the center line of the microstrip oscillator 12. This center line is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12. The microstrip oscillator 12 is also referred to as a feeding microstrip oscillator. The microstrip oscillator 12 is a narrow and long strip-shaped thin sheet, belonging to a linear radiation element. The monopole 11 is also a long strip-shaped thin sheet.

[0053] In an alternative manner, refer to Figure 2 , in order to make the thickness of the antenna relatively low, both the two monopoles 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 are parallel to the upper surface of the first substrate 2, making the antenna a low-profile antenna.

[0054] Refer to Figure 3 , for each monopole 11, the electric field of the electromagnetic wave radiated is the first electric field, and the magnetic field is the first magnetic field. The direction of the first electric field is along the long side of the monopole 11, and the direction of the first magnetic field is along the short side of the monopole 11. For the microstrip oscillator 12, the electric field of the electromagnetic wave radiated is the second electric field, and the magnetic field is the second magnetic field. The direction of the second electric field is along the short side of the microstrip oscillator 12, and the direction of the second magnetic field is along the long side of the microstrip oscillator 12. The direction of the first electric field is orthogonal to the direction of the second electric field. The directions of the first electric field and the second electric field are both parallel to the first substrate 2. That is to say, the plane in which the directions of the first electric field and the second electric field are located is parallel to the first substrate 2.

[0055] In this way, for the antenna shown in Figure 2 , since the direction of the first electric field is orthogonal to the direction of the second electric field, the monopole 11 provides one type of polarization, and the microstrip oscillator 12 provides another type of polarization. The polarization types provided by the two are different, making the antenna a multi-polarization antenna. Moreover, both the monopole 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 are parallel to the surface of the first substrate 2, making the thickness of the antenna relatively small, that is, the antenna is a low-profile antenna.

[0056] In an alternative manner, in Figure 2In the antenna shown, when the antenna is applied to the scenario of a home gateway, the antenna is usually disposed above the large floor (i.e., the circuit board in the home gateway). Due to the large size of the large floor, surface waves will be formed when electromagnetic waves propagate on the surface of the large floor, and the surface waves will cause the radiation performance of the antenna to be poor. Therefore, at this time, the half-power beamwidth of the antenna is often relatively small, such as less than 120 degrees, and the lower half-power beamwidth of the antenna will reduce the signal coverage range. Therefore, in order to increase the half-power beamwidth and enable the antenna to support a wide beam in the magnetic field plane, the two monopoles 11 provide polarization at a first angle in the magnetic field plane, which is also referred to as vertical polarization in this embodiment, and the microstrip oscillator 12 provides polarization at a second angle in the magnetic field plane. In this embodiment, it is also referred to as horizontal polarization. The first angle is less than the second angle. In the embodiment of the present application, the magnetic field plane is perpendicular to the center line of the microstrip oscillator 12. In this way, it is equivalent to that the microstrip oscillator 12 provides polarization at a large angle in the magnetic field plane, and the monopole 11 provides polarization at a small angle in the magnetic field plane. After the two are superimposed, a wide-beam radiation characteristic is provided in the magnetic field plane. Through simulation, the polarization situation of the single antenna element 1 is obtained. The polarization situation of the single antenna element 1 is provided. In the horizontal axis represents the half-power beamwidth, and the vertical axis represents the gain, with the unit of dBi. dBi is the decibel value with an isotropic antenna as the reference benchmark, which is used to measure the concentration ability of the antenna in a specific direction. It can be seen from the wide-beam synthesis mechanism of the single antenna element 1. In the antenna element 1, the microstrip oscillator 12 provides Figure 4 polarization in a large angle range, and the monopole 11 provides Figure 4 polarization in a small angle range. The two are superimposed to obtain the synthesized gain curve, effectively increasing the polarization diversity while ensuring the wide-beam radiation characteristic. Figure 4 In addition, in order to more vividly illustrate the wide-beam synthesis mechanism, a three-dimensional polarization synthesis schematic diagram is also provided. In the xy plane is parallel to the first substrate 2, the xy plane is the electric field plane, the yz plane is perpendicular to the first substrate 2, and the yz plane is the magnetic field plane. In the magnetic field plane, the two polarizations are synthesized to obtain a wide beam.

[0057] Optionally, in this embodiment, when placing the wireless device to which the antenna is applied, the yz plane is parallel to the horizontal plane. Figure 5 In Figure 5 the xy plane is parallel to the first substrate 2, the xy plane is the electric field plane, the yz plane is perpendicular to the first substrate 2, and the yz plane is the magnetic field plane. In the magnetic field plane, the two polarizations are synthesized to obtain a wide beam.

[0058] Optionally, in this embodiment, when placing the wireless device to which the antenna is applied, the yz plane is parallel to the horizontal plane.

[0059] In an alternative approach, to enable the antenna to support a wide frequency band, i.e., to increase the impedance bandwidth, the monopole 11 serves as a parasitic element of the microstrip oscillator 12. The parasitic element is not electrically connected to the microstrip oscillator 12. The parasitic element will direct the electromagnetic waves emitted by the microstrip oscillator 12 in a certain direction, enhancing the directivity of the antenna. The parasitic element achieves this function by acting as a passive resonator. For example, the parasitic element can absorb electromagnetic waves from the microstrip oscillator 12 and re-radiate the absorbed electromagnetic waves with different phases. In this way, the electromagnetic waves emitted by the microstrip oscillator 12 and the parasitic element interfere with each other, enhancing the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna in the desired direction and weakening the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna in the unwanted directions.

[0060] In the antenna, the microstrip oscillator 12 radiates electromagnetic waves. The monopole 11 is excited through near-field parasitic coupling and is simultaneously excited through its own feed point, enabling the monopole 11 to have multiple resonance points, thereby enabling the antenna to support a relatively wide frequency band, that is, obtaining a wide frequency band. And to enable the monopole 11 to cooperate with the microstrip oscillator 12, the connection line between the feed points of the two monopoles 11 is perpendicular to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12, and this connection line passes through the weak current region of the microstrip oscillator 12. In the microstrip oscillator 12, the current in this weak current region is less than the current in other regions.

[0061] Optionally, the connection line between the feed points of the two monopoles 11 is perpendicular to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12. The current null position of the microstrip oscillator 12 is on the connection line between the feed points of the two monopoles 11. In the microstrip oscillator 12, the current null position is the position where the current is the smallest. Since the current at the feed point of each monopole 11 is the largest, while the current at the current null position of the microstrip oscillator 12 is the smallest, the polarization generated by the monopole 11 and the polarization generated by the microstrip oscillator 12 complement each other, resulting in a relatively high gain. Figure 4 It can be seen that there is an obvious dip position in the gain of the microstrip oscillator 12, while the gain of the two monopoles 11 is relatively large at the dip position. Figure 4 This is obtained through simulation. Figure 4 In [reference], the synthesized gain curve is obtained by synthesizing the gain curve of the microstrip oscillator 12 and the gain curve of the monopole 11. The synthesis method is as follows: for any position point on the abscissa, the gain of the microstrip oscillator 12 corresponding to this position point is converted into a first energy value in milliwatts, and the gain of the two monopoles 11 corresponding to this position point (the gain of the two monopoles 11 is the gain after the gains of the two monopoles 11 are superimposed) is converted into a second energy value in milliwatts. Then, the first energy value and the second energy value are added together to obtain a third energy value, and the third energy value is converted into a value in dBi to obtain the synthesized gain at this position point.

[0062] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the current distributions of the monopole 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 are not limited, and such current distributions can be obtained according to empirical values or simulations.

[0063] Optionally, referring to Figure 2 , each monopole 11 includes a monopole arm 111 and a metal post 112. The monopole arm 111 is a radiation element, and the metal post 112 is the feeding point of the monopole arm 111. The feeding point is also referred to as the excitation position. The monopole arm 111 is printed on the upper surface of the first substrate 2, the lower surface of the first substrate 2 is copper-clad, and the metal post 112 passes through the first substrate 2 to connect the monopole arm 111 to the copper on the lower surface of the first substrate 2 to achieve electrical connection, so that the monopole arm 111 can be fed through the metal post 112.

[0064] In an optional manner, in order to make the radiation pattern of the antenna as symmetric as possible, along the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12, the end faces of the two monopoles 11 are flush.

[0065] In an optional manner, in order to make the radiation pattern of the antenna as symmetric as possible, the two monopoles 11 are parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12, and the two monopoles 11 are symmetric about the center line of the microstrip oscillator 12. In this way, the sizes of the two monopoles 11 are the same. Along the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12, the end faces of the two monopoles 11 are flush, the end faces of the two monopoles 11 are perpendicular to the first substrate 2, and the distances between the two monopoles 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 are the same, so that the radiation patterns of the two monopoles 11 are as symmetric as possible.

[0066] In an optional manner, after the microstrip oscillator 12 is excited, the resonant mode is the fundamental mode. Alternatively, in order to make the size of the microstrip oscillator 12 smaller, the resonant mode after the microstrip oscillator 12 is excited is a higher-order mode.

[0067] Optionally, the higher-order mode includes a quasi-1.5th order mode. Through simulation analysis, when the higher-order mode is the quasi-1.5th order mode, the size of the microstrip oscillator 12 is smaller.

[0068] In an optional manner, after the monopole 11 is excited, the resonant mode is the fundamental mode.

[0069] In an optional manner, the position of the feeding point of the microstrip oscillator 12 can be set according to simulations or empirical values. Optionally, in order to make the antenna fabrication more convenient, the feeding point of the microstrip oscillator 12 is at one end of the microstrip oscillator 12. Referring to Figure 6 the small circle on the microstrip oscillator 12 in

[0070] In an alternative manner, in order to further improve the gain of the antenna, there are multiple antenna elements 1 in the antenna, and the multiple antenna elements 1 are arrayed in a translational manner. For example, the multiple antenna elements 1 are arranged along the target direction, and the target direction is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator 12. That is to say, the multiple antenna elements 1 are arrayed along the electric field plane, so that the antenna includes a co-directional current distribution array, thereby being able to improve the achievable gain in the magnetic field plane.

[0071] When there are multiple antenna elements 1, the distance between adjacent antenna elements 1 can be adjusted so that the antenna achieves the required gain. The adjustment method here can be adjusted through simulation or through experience.

[0072] Optionally, the multiple antenna elements 1 include two antenna elements 1, and the antenna scale is 2×1. The 2 in 2×1 indicates that there are two antenna elements 1 in the target direction.

[0073] In an alternative manner, the material, relative permittivity, loss angle, and thickness of the first substrate 2 can be set according to simulation or empirical values, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0074] Optionally, the material of the first substrate 2 is a flame retardant (FR) 4, the relative permittivity is 4.4, the loss tangent is 0.02, and the thickness is 3.0 mm.

[0075] In an alternative manner, the antenna is a Wi-Fi antenna of a router, and the operating frequency band is 5.15 - 5.85 GHz. Hereinafter, the size of the antenna will be described by taking the operating frequency band of the antenna as 5.15 - 5.85 GHz as an example.

[0076] Here, an example in which the antenna includes two antenna elements 1 will be described. Refer to Figure 6, Assume that the distance between two antenna elements 1 is denoted as d1. In each antenna element 1, the distances between two monopoles 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 are denoted as d2 and d3 respectively. The length of each monopole arm 111 is denoted as W1, the width is denoted as L1, the radius of the metal post 112 is denoted as R, the length of the microstrip oscillator 12 is denoted as W2, and the width is denoted as L2. Among them, by adjusting the size of d1, the achievable gain of the antenna can be adjusted. By adjusting d2 and d3, the impedance matching can be adjusted, thereby optimizing the impedance bandwidth of the antenna and the symmetry of the radiation pattern. By adjusting the sizes of L1 and L2, the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted. For example, when the values of L1 and L2 are within a certain range, if L1 is small, the impedance bandwidth is small; if L2 is large, the impedance bandwidth is large. By adjusting the sizes of W1 and W2, the impedance bandwidth can be adjusted. By adjusting the size of R, the impedance matching can be adjusted. Therefore, before manufacturing the antenna, these parameters can be adjusted, then the radiation requirements of the antenna can be simulated, and these parameters can be adjusted again until the antenna meets the radiation requirements.

[0077] Table 1 provides the parameters adopted when the antenna includes two antenna elements 1 and achieves wide-band (5.15 GHz - 5.85 GHz) coverage.

[0078] Table 1

[0079]

[0080] It should be noted that Table 1 is only a possible example, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit the parameters of the antenna.

[0081] Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the impedance bandwidth of the antenna when adopting the parameters in Table 1 is provided. The horizontal axis is the frequency, and the vertical axis is the return loss. The return loss is an index used to measure the energy reflection caused by impedance mismatch in the signal transmission system, which is the ratio of the incident signal power to the reflected signal power. From Figure 7 it can be seen that the impedance bandwidth range of the antenna is 4.94 GHz - 5.86 GHz, which can cover the Wi-Fi (5.15 GHz - 5.85 GHz) frequency range.

[0082] Figure 8 The 3D radiation pattern of the antenna at 5.15 GHz when adopting the parameters in Table 1 is provided. From Figure 8 it can be seen that the radiation pattern of the antenna has the radiation characteristics of a wide beam in the magnetic field plane and relatively low side lobes in the electric field plane. Figure 8 This is a simplified schematic diagram.

[0083] Figure 9The radiation pattern in the magnetic field plane of the antenna at the first four frequencies among 5.15 GHz, 5.25 GHz, 5.35 GHz, 5.45 GHz, 5.55 GHz, 5.65 GHz, 5.75 GHz, and 5.85 GHz when the antenna adopts the parameters in Table 1 is provided. In Figure 9 the horizontal axis is the half beam width (i.e., the angle) in degrees, and the vertical axis is the total gain in dBi. From Figure 9 it can be seen that at each frequency, the peak gain of the antenna in the magnetic field plane is greater than 6 dBi, and the angle with a gain greater than 6 dBi is greater than 120 degrees. In Figure 9 only the radiation patterns corresponding to four frequencies are shown, and the shapes of the radiation patterns of the remaining four frequencies in the magnetic field plane are similar to the curves shown in Figure 9 , and the peak gain of the antenna in the magnetic field plane is greater than 6 dBi, and the angle with a gain greater than 6 dBi is greater than 120 degrees.

[0084] In the embodiment of the present application, polarization is provided in the magnetic field plane, and polarization is provided in the magnetic field plane, effectively increasing the polarization diversity of the antenna. Moreover, in the magnetic field plane, polarization and polarization are superimposed, enabling the antenna to provide a wide-beam radiation characteristic in the magnetic field plane. In addition, both the two monopoles 11 and the microstrip oscillator 12 are parallel to the surface of the first substrate 2. Therefore, the thickness of the antenna is small, making the antenna a low-profile antenna. Therefore, even when the size of the antenna is small, it can achieve a half-power beam width greater than 120 degrees in a wide frequency band. For example, the area of the antenna is 1225 mm 2 , and for another example, the size of the antenna is 19 mm × 60 mm × 3 mm, the length of the antenna is 19 mm, the width is 60 mm, and the thickness is 3 mm.

[0085] Next, the structure of the wireless device to which the antenna is applied is described.

[0086] The embodiment of the present application also provides a wireless device, which is a device providing Wi-Fi services. The wireless device can be a home gateway. The wireless device includes a second substrate 01, a metal gasket, and any one of the antennas mentioned above. The second substrate 01 is the circuit board of the wireless device and can also be referred to as the large floor.

[0087] Referring to Figure 10 , the first substrate 2 is placed at a certain distance above the second substrate 01. The second substrate 01 is electrically connected to the first substrate 2 through the metal gasket (electrical connection is also called electrical connection), and the metal gasket also plays a role in supporting the first substrate 2. Here, the thickness of the metal gasket is generally small.

[0088] Optionally, the projection position of the antenna on the second substrate 01 can be set according to actual needs. For example, the projection position is located at the center of the second substrate 01.

[0089] In the foregoing, the antenna generates radiation at a large angle in the magnetic field plane. Since the magnetic field plane is perpendicular to the second substrate 01, even when the antenna is located above the second substrate 01, it can maintain the radiation characteristics of a wide beam and meet the radiation requirements of the wireless device. Moreover, when there are multiple antenna units 1, the multiple antenna units 1 are arrayed in the electric field plane rather than in the thickness direction of the wireless device, making the thickness of the wireless device smaller and meeting the ultra-thin requirements.

[0090] The antenna and the second substrate 01 are both placed inside the housing of the wireless device. The simulation results show that the housing has little influence on the antenna performance, and the performance of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the antenna structure parameters.

[0091] Optionally, the material of the housing is polyvinyl chloride (PVC).

[0092] In an alternative manner, the material, relative permittivity, loss angle, and thickness of the second substrate 01 can be set according to simulation or empirical values, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit them.

[0093] Optionally, the material of the second substrate 01 is FR4, the relative permittivity is 4.4, the loss tangent is 0.02, and the thickness is 1.6 mm. Both the upper surface and the lower surface of the second substrate 01 are copper-clad, and the thickness of the copper is 0.017 mm.

[0094] In an alternative manner, the wireless device supports one frequency band, such as the 5 GHz frequency band or the 2.4 GHz frequency band. In this way, the antenna in the wireless device is a 5 GHz antenna or a 2.4 GHz antenna.

[0095] In another alternative manner, the wireless device supports multiple frequency bands, such as the 5 GHz frequency band and the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The wireless device includes a first antenna and a second antenna. The first antenna supports the 5 GHz frequency band, and the second antenna supports the 2.4 GHz frequency band. The structure of the first antenna can refer to Figure 2 the structure of the antenna shown, and the structure of the second antenna is similar to Figure 2 the structure of the antenna shown. The difference is that the feeding point of the microstrip oscillator 12 may not be close to the end of the microstrip oscillator 12, and the current distribution of the microstrip oscillator 12 in the second antenna is also different from that of the microstrip oscillator 12 in the first antenna. In this way, antennas with a similar structure are used in the wireless device to operate in dual bands. In the second antenna, the position and current distribution of the feeding point of the microstrip oscillator 12 can also be set according to simulation or empirical values.

[0096] In an alternative manner, the wireless device is a router or the like.

[0097] Optionally, the wireless device is an FTTR device. The FTTR device can be a main FTTR device, and the main FTTR device is also referred to as a main gateway. The FTTR device can also be a sub-FTTR device, and the sub-FTTR device is also referred to as a sub-gateway.

[0098] Optionally, when the wireless device is an FTTR device, an application example diagram of the antenna in the FTTR device is also provided in the embodiments of the present application. Refer to Figure 11 .

[0099] The contents in the above-mentioned alternative manners can be arbitrarily combined without violating logic, and the embodiments of the present application will not list them one by one.

[0100] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first" and "second" and the like are used to distinguish the same items or similar items with basically the same functions and effects. It should be understood that there is no logical or temporal dependency between "first" and "second", nor are the quantity and execution order limited. It should also be understood that although the following description uses the terms "first" and "second" and the like to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of various examples, the first substrate can be referred to as the second substrate, and similarly, the second substrate can be referred to as the first substrate. The first substrate and the second substrate can both be substrates, and in some cases, they can be separate and different substrates.

[0101] In the embodiments of the present application, the drawings are only used for exemplary illustration, showing only schematic diagrams rather than physical diagrams, and should not be construed as a limitation to the present application; for better illustration of the embodiments of the present application, some components in the drawings will be omitted, enlarged or reduced, which does not represent the size of the actual product; for those skilled in the art, it is understandable that some well-known structures and their descriptions in the drawings may be omitted.

[0102] In the drawings of the embodiments of the present application, the same or similar reference numerals correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present application, it should be understood that if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc. indicating the orientation or positional relationship, it is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as a limitation to the present application. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0103] The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes an antenna element (1) and a first substrate (2), and the antenna element (1) is located on the surface of the first substrate (2); The antenna element (1) includes two monopoles (11) and a microstrip oscillator (12). The two monopoles (11) are located on both sides of the center line of the microstrip oscillator (12), where the center line is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator (12); The included angles between the length directions of the two monopoles (11) and the length direction of the microstrip oscillator (12) are both greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees; The polarization types of the two monopoles (11) are different from the polarization type of the microstrip oscillator (12).

2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein Both the two monopoles (11) and the microstrip oscillator (12) are parallel to the surface of the first substrate (2).

3. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The two monopoles (11) are used to provide polarization at a first angle in the magnetic field plane ; The microstrip oscillator (12) is configured to provide polarization at a second angle in the magnetic field plane; wherein the first angle is less than the second angle, and the magnetic field plane is perpendicular to the center line of the microstrip oscillator (12). Polarization; wherein the first angle is less than the second angle, and the magnetic field plane is perpendicular to the center line of the microstrip oscillator (12).

4. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The two monopoles (11) are parasitic units of the microstrip oscillator (12); The connection line of the feeding points of the two monopoles (11) passes through the weak current region of the microstrip oscillator (12), where the connection line of the feeding points of the two monopoles (11) is perpendicular to the center line, and the current in the weak current region is lower than the current in other regions of the microstrip oscillator (12).

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that, The current null position of the microstrip oscillator (12) is located on the connection line of the feeding points of the two monopoles (11).

6. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that There are multiple antenna elements (1); Multiple antenna elements (1) are arranged along a target direction, where the target direction is parallel to the length direction of the microstrip oscillator (12).

7. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The two monopoles (11) are symmetric about the center line of the microstrip oscillator (12).

8. The antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The resonance mode of the microstrip oscillator (12) is a high-order mode.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, wherein The high-order mode includes a quasi-1.5 order mode.

10. A wireless device, characterized in that, The wireless device includes a second substrate, a metal gasket, and the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9; The first substrate in the antenna is electrically connected to the second substrate through the metal gasket.

11. The wireless device according to claim 10, wherein The wireless device is a fiber-to-the-room device.

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