Alternating current voltage regulation and conversion system and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of electric power, in particular to an alternating-current voltage regulation and conversion system and method, and the method comprises the following steps: decoupling a fundamental wave energy component and a distortion energy component of an input voltage waveform in real time through a time-frequency domain joint analysis model, and generating a fundamental wave energy channel parameter and a distortion energy channel parameter; inputting the fundamental wave energy channel parameter into a self-adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, executing directional energy transfer on the distortion energy channel parameter, and reconstructing the distortion energy channel parameter into a compensation energy waveform matched with a load impedance characteristic; and generating a target voltage waveform, outputting the target voltage waveform to a load end, and feeding unused distortion energy back to the input side energy storage unit. According to the method, the output voltage waveform quality and the response speed of system energy closed-loop control are improved, and the method is suitable for scenes with strict requirements on electric energy quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power technology, and particularly to an AC voltage regulation and conversion system and method. Background Art

[0002] During the transmission and application of AC voltage, due to factors such as power grid fluctuations, load non-linear characteristics, and electromagnetic interference, it is often accompanied by fundamental wave distortion and multi-order harmonic distortion. These distorted energies not only reduce the power quality but may also cause problems such as overheating of load equipment, abnormal vibration, and degradation of electromagnetic compatibility. Therefore, in the prior art, methods based on fixed filter banks or static compensators (such as STATCOM) are usually used to purify and regulate the voltage waveform.

[0003] However, traditional filtering methods have the following limitations: Firstly, fixed-parameter filters are difficult to adapt to the rapid changes in load impedance in real time, resulting in fluctuations in the fundamental wave energy transmission efficiency and a significant decrease in filtering performance in a sudden distortion environment; Secondly, existing compensation strategies often simply suppress or absorb all distorted energies, lacking dynamic classification and intelligent utilization of distorted energies, causing energy waste and reducing the overall energy efficiency ratio of the system; In addition, for the complex scenario of multi-source distorted energies, existing regulation methods still have lags in the decoupling, fusion accuracy of fundamental wave and distorted components, and residual energy feedback control, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision power quality management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an AC voltage regulation and conversion system and method, which can dynamically identify the fundamental wave and distorted energy components based on the real-time characteristics of the load, and realize an AC voltage regulation and conversion method with efficient regulation, energy reconstruction, and feedback recovery, so as to improve the energy utilization rate, power quality stability of the system, and the ability to adapt to complex load environments.

[0005] An AC voltage regulation and conversion method includes the following steps: S1: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, the fundamental wave energy component and the distorted energy component of the input voltage waveform are decoupled in real time through a time-frequency domain joint analysis model to generate fundamental wave energy channel parameters and distorted energy channel parameters; S2: The fundamental wave energy channel parameters are input into an adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, and at the same time, the distorted energy channel parameters are subjected to directional energy transfer to reconstruct them into a compensation energy waveform matching the load impedance characteristics; S3: Within a preset phase synchronization window, the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the reconstructed compensation energy waveform are spatially and temporally aligned and fused to generate a target voltage waveform and output it to the load end, and the unused distorted energy is fed back to the input-side energy storage unit.

[0006] Optionally, the S1 specifically includes: Step S11, collect the instantaneous spectrum characteristics and impedance characteristic change rate of the load current in real time, and construct a load feature vector including the fundamental wave demand weight and the harmonic sensitivity matrix; Step S12, adopt a fusion algorithm of wavelet packet decomposition and dynamic impedance spectrum analysis to perform multi-scale energy decomposition on the input voltage waveform; Step S13, generate the fundamental wave energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters according to the energy decomposition results.

[0007] Optionally, the extraction of the fundamental wave energy component is achieved by matching the fundamental wave demand weight in the load feature vector, tracking the fundamental wave amplitude using a sliding window Kalman filter in the time domain, and locking the power frequency component through an adaptive notch filter in the frequency domain; The separation of the distorted energy component is based on the harmonic sensitivity matrix. Dynamic threshold segmentation is performed on the frequency band higher than the fundamental frequency, and the harmonic clusters with energy mutation exceeding the preset threshold are marked as distorted energy.

[0008] Optionally, the fundamental wave energy channel parameters include the time-domain amplitude envelope, the phase drift compensation amount, and the dynamic impedance matching factor; The distorted energy channel parameters include the energy ratio of each harmonic, the time-space distribution heat map, and the transferable energy identification code.

[0009] Optionally, the specific content of S2 includes: S21, fundamental wave energy gain control: input the dynamic impedance matching factor in the fundamental wave energy channel parameters into the adaptive impedance matching network, and adjust the LC resonance frequency of the network to be equal to the imaginary part of the load terminal impedance in real time; S22, distorted energy directional transfer: according to the transferable energy identification code in the distorted energy channel parameters, select the target harmonic cluster and drive the high-frequency magnetic coupling array, and transfer and reconstruct the selected harmonic energy according to the preset rules within the zero-crossing interval of adjacent power frequency cycles.

[0010] Optionally, in S21, the fundamental wave energy transmission gain satisfies: , where represents the fundamental wave energy transmission gain, represents the instantaneous impedance at the load terminal, is the output impedance of the source side, is the damping coefficient generated based on the load power demand.

[0011] Optionally, the preset rules include: For the harmonic energy with the identification code of 1, inject it into the compensation channel through magnetic resonance coupling, and adjust the phase to be complementary to the load impedance angle; For the harmonic energy with the identification code of 0, after being temporarily stored in the bidirectional DC link, it is fed back to the input side in the next power frequency cycle.

[0012] Optionally, S3 specifically includes: S31, within the phase synchronization window from before to after the power frequency voltage passes through zero, align the time domain starting points of the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensation energy waveforms through the quantization timestamp synchronization circuit, and calibrate using the calibrator to eliminate the spatial phase deviation; S32, input the spatially and temporally aligned fundamental wave energy and compensation energy waveforms into the multi-physical field coupler to perform the fusion operation; S33, continuously monitor the residual distortion energy in the fused waveform. When the detected energy exceeds the spike energy threshold, convert it to direct current through the bidirectional DC / AC module and temporarily store it in the super capacitor bank, and then inject it into the power grid in reverse during the voltage trough period of the next power frequency cycle.

[0013] Optionally, the specific implementation of the fusion operation includes: Perform impedance matching amplification on the fundamental wave energy, and the gain coefficient satisfies: , where is the phase sensitive factor, is the residual phase error after calibration; Perform weighted superposition on the compensation energy waveform, and the weight value is jointly determined by the transferable energy identification code in the distortion energy channel parameters and the load impedance spectrum, expressed as: , where is the compensation energy weighting coefficient, is the impedance modulus value of the load at the th harmonic frequency, is the fundamental wave impedance modulus value of the load, is the th harmonic transferable identification code, represents the highest harmonic number participating in the compensation energy weighting calculation.

[0014] An AC voltage regulation and conversion system for implementing the above AC voltage regulation and conversion method, including the following modules: Transient energy feature extraction module: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, decouple the fundamental wave energy component and the distortion energy component of the input voltage waveform in real time, and generate the fundamental wave energy channel parameters and the distortion energy channel parameters; Adaptive energy regulation module: Amplify or attenuate the fundamental wave energy according to the fundamental wave energy channel parameters, and perform directional energy transfer according to the distortion energy channel parameters to reconstruct and form the compensation energy waveform; Energy fusion output module: Spatially and temporally align and fuse the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensated energy waveform to generate a target voltage waveform and output it to the load terminal, and feedback the unused distorted energy to the input-side energy storage unit.

[0015] Advantages of the present invention: In the present invention, by introducing a dynamic fundamental wave - distorted energy decoupling mechanism based on load transient characteristics and combining dual means of wavelet packet decomposition and dynamic impedance spectrum analysis, the fundamental wave energy and the distorted energy in the input voltage can be separated in real time and accurately. Compared with traditional fixed filtering methods, the energy recognition accuracy and adaptability under complex non-linear load conditions are improved, and the interference of high-frequency distortion components on the system power transmission efficiency and stability is effectively reduced.

[0016] In the present invention, by constructing a collaborative adjustment structure of an adaptive impedance matching network and a high-frequency magnetic coupling array, dynamic reflectionless matching transmission based on the load power demand is realized in the fundamental wave channel, and at the same time, intelligent reconstruction of energy according to harmonic transferability is realized in the distorted energy channel to ensure that the distorted energy can be maximally utilized by the load or efficiently feedback to the energy storage terminal, breaking through the problems of general loss or out-of-control feedback of distorted energy in traditional systems, and significantly improving the energy utilization rate and system stability.

[0017] In the present invention, by setting a high-precision spatio-temporal synchronization mechanism and a multi-physical field energy fusion module, nanosecond-level time alignment and micro-angle space phase calibration of the fundamental wave and the compensated waveform are completed within the power frequency zero-crossing interval, and through real-time detection and in-phase injection feedback of the residual distorted energy, rapid suppression and energy recovery of sudden spike energy are realized. Compared with the prior art, the output voltage waveform quality (THD reduction) and the response speed of the system energy closed-loop control are greatly improved, and it is particularly suitable for scenarios with strict requirements for power quality such as high-precision manufacturing and power electronics experimental platforms. Description of the Drawings

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only those of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic flow chart of the conversion method according to the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the system function module according to the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Embodiments

[0020] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments. For some well-known technologies, those skilled in the art can also adopt other alternative methods for implementation; moreover, the accompanying drawings are only for more specific description of the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that in the specification, when referring to "an embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc., it indicates that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not necessarily every embodiment includes such specific features, structures or characteristics. Additionally, when combining embodiments to describe specific features, structures or characteristics, implementing such features, structures or characteristics in combination with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge of those skilled in the relevant art.

[0022] Generally, terms can be understood at least in part from their use in context. For example, at least in part depending on the context, the term "one or more" used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure or characteristic in a singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. Additionally, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey a set of exclusive factors, but rather, at least in part depending on the context, can allow for the existence of other factors that may not be explicitly described.

[0023] As Figure 1 shown, an AC voltage regulation and conversion method includes the following steps: S1: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, the fundamental energy component and the distorted energy component of the input voltage waveform are decoupled in real time through a time-frequency domain joint analysis model to generate fundamental energy channel parameters and distorted energy channel parameters; S2: The fundamental energy channel parameters are input into an adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, and at the same time, the directional energy transfer is performed on the distorted energy channel parameters to reconstruct them into a compensation energy waveform that matches the load impedance characteristics; S3: Within a preset phase synchronization window, the adjusted fundamental energy and the reconstructed compensation energy waveform are aligned and fused in space and time to generate a target voltage waveform and output it to the load end, and the unused distorted energy is fed back to the input-side energy storage unit.

[0024] S1 specifically includes: S11, construction of load feature vectors: S111, extraction of instantaneous spectral features: Analyze the load current signal through real-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract the fundamental (50 / 60 Hz) amplitude ratio and the energy density of the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics.

[0025] S112, Calculation of impedance characteristic change rate: At a sampling rate of 10 kHz, the differential values of voltage and current are measured in real time, and the impedance dynamic response rate, i.e., the impedance change rate, is calculated: , where is the impedance change rate, represents the voltage change rate per unit time, represents the current change rate per unit time.

[0026] S113, Establishment of harmonic sensitivity matrix: Construct a two-dimensional harmonic sensitivity matrix : , represents the interference coefficient of the th harmonic on the load within the time slice , which is obtained by training with historical fault data.

[0027] Extraction of instantaneous spectrum features - Real-time FFT analysis method is as follows: The load current signal is segmented by a periodic window (e.g., a sampling length of 1 cycle or 2 cycles, sampling rate z10 kHz). The fast Fourier transform is performed within each time window to obtain the frequency-domain spectrum distribution at the current moment. In the FFT output result, the amplitude component corresponding to the fundamental frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) and its power are extracted. At the same time, the amplitude components at the frequencies of the 3rd, 5th, 7th, etc. harmonics , , and their corresponding energies are extracted. The calculation of the fundamental wave amplitude ratio is: ; The energy density of each harmonic is calculated as the ratio of the square of the corresponding amplitude, i.e.: ; The above features are output as the instantaneous spectrum features of each time slice.

[0028] The scheme obtained through training with historical fault data is as follows: First, for a specific load device, a database containing multiple groups of historical operation data and fault records is established. The historical data includes the energy characteristics, phase drift characteristics of each harmonic component, and the load condition status label.

[0029] In the data preprocessing stage, the harmonic components at each moment are standardized to eliminate the energy amplitude differences under different test conditions, and the normal or faulty state of the load at the corresponding moment is marked synchronously.

[0030] Subsequently, logistic regression is used to analyze the correlation between the characteristics of each harmonic and the probability of load faults, and the contribution of harmonics in different frequency bands to the change of load state in different time slices is extracted.

[0031] Finally, the interference intensity of each harmonic frequency component in each time slice for the discrimination of abnormal load states is normalized to form a two-dimensional harmonic sensitivity matrix.

[0032] S12, joint time-frequency domain decoupling: S121, wavelet packet decomposition: Five-layer decomposition is performed using the db6 wavelet basis, and the high-frequency distortion energy in the frequency band of 2 - 5 kHz is extracted from the detail coefficients of the third layer.

[0033] S122, dynamic impedance spectrum analysis: Within each 1 ms time window, a white noise excitation signal with an amplitude of 0.1% of the nominal voltage is injected into the load terminal, and the frequency response of the load terminal is calculated through the frequency response function: , where represents the frequency-domain representation of the load response voltage, represents the frequency-domain representation of the injected white noise signal, is the frequency response function, which is used to identify the mutation frequency points of the load impedance.

[0034] S123, dynamic energy segmentation logic: Each FFT frequency component is detected item by item. If any of the following conditions is met, it is marked as distortion energy: 1. The energy exceeds the dynamic baseline: ; 2. The phase drift exceeds the load tolerance matrix: ; where is the energy of the current frequency component, is the reference energy level, is the current impedance change rate, is the phase shift of the current frequency component, is the phase drift tolerance threshold corresponding to the harmonic order ; Based on the harmonic tolerance characteristic test of the load device, by applying harmonic interferences with different amplitudes, the degradation thresholds of the load performance (power factor, temperature rise) at each harmonic frequency are measured, and the minimum harmonic amplitude that causes the performance index to drop beyond the set tolerance range is taken as the tolerance threshold corresponding to the order ;

[0035] S13, channel parameter generation: S131, fundamental wave energy channel parameter: Time-domain amplitude envelope: The instantaneous amplitude curve of the fundamental wave component is extracted through Hilbert transform; Phase drift compensation amount: Calculate the cumulative offset angle between the current fundamental wave phase and the ideal sine wave phase: , where is the fundamental wave phase drift compensation amount, is the fundamental wave phase measured in real time, is the theoretical sine wave phase reference; Dynamic impedance matching factor: Obtained by the ratio of the actual impedance of the load to the nominal impedance of the system: , where is the actual impedance of the load measured in real time, is the nominal impedance of the system; S132, Distortion energy channel parameter: Energy proportion : That is, the ratio of the energy of each harmonic to the total distortion energy: , where is the energy of the th harmonic, is the sum of the energies of all harmonics (excluding the fundamental wave); Space-time distribution heat map: Taking every 1 / 4 power frequency period as the time grid, mark the time period and frequency band where the distortion energy is concentrated; Transferable energy identification code: Using binary coding method, define the energy processing decision: .

[0036] High-frequency distortion energy extraction - The db6 wavelet packet 5-layer decomposition method is as follows: Perform wavelet packet decomposition on the load current signal, select the db6 (Daubechies6) wavelet as the mother wavelet, and perform 5-layer decomposition.

[0037] After wavelet packet decomposition, the signal frequency band is evenly divided into 2 5 = 32 sub-frequency bands, and each sub-frequency band corresponds to a small section of the original signal frequency range.

[0038] Determine the sub-frequency band index corresponding to the target frequency band (2 - 5 kHz). Assuming the sampling rate is 10 kHz, the total frequency range is 0 - 5 kHz, and the frequency band included in the 3rd layer detail coefficients is most suitable for covering the 2 - 5 kHz region.

[0039] Extract the detail coefficient nodes corresponding to the 3rd layer (the 5th - 7th nodes), and these node coefficients centrally reflect the high-frequency energy components of 2 - 5 kHz.

[0040] Calculate the total energy of these nodes as the high-frequency distortion energy index for determining whether there is abnormal high-frequency disturbance.

[0041] S2 specifically includes: S21, Fundamental wave energy dynamic regulation: S211, Fundamental wave energy gain control: Input the dynamic impedance matching factor in the fundamental wave energy channel parameters into the adaptive impedance matching network, and adjust the LC resonance frequency in real time to be equal to the imaginary part of the load impedance. The fundamental wave energy transmission gain satisfies: , where represents the fundamental wave energy transmission gain, represents the instantaneous impedance at the load end, is the output impedance at the source side, is the damping coefficient generated based on the load power demand; According to the ratio of the instantaneous active power of the load to the rated active power , it is dynamically generated according to a preset piecewise function, specifically: When , ; When , .

[0042] S212, Dynamic LC resonance frequency regulation: Adjust the LC network parameters to ensure that the resonance frequency is consistent with the frequency corresponding to the imaginary part of the load, expressed as: ; And make: ; Where is the adjustable inductance value, is the adjustable capacitance value, represents the equivalent resonance frequency corresponding to the imaginary part of the load impedance; S213, Damping coefficient Calculation: Dynamically set according to the ratio of the instantaneous active power of the load to the rated power , expressed as: ; Where P(t) represents the load active power detected in real time, represents the rated active power of the load.

[0043] S22, Distorted energy directional transfer: S221, Distorted energy reconstruction: According to the indication of the transferable energy identification code, drive the high-frequency magnetic coupling array before and after the zero-crossing point of adjacent power frequency cycles, and perform the following operations: For the harmonic energy with the identification code of 1, inject it into the compensation channel through magnetic resonance coupling and adjust the phase; For the harmonic energy with the identification code of 0, temporarily store it through the bidirectional DC link and feedback it to the input side.

[0044] The amplitude of the compensated energy waveform is calculated as follows: ; Wherein, is the amplitude of the compensated energy waveform, is the rms value of the th harmonic current, is the magnitude of the impedance of the load at the th harmonic frequency, is the load impedance adaptation coefficient, which is adjusted according to the ratio of the magnitude of the impedance of the load at each harmonic frequency to the nominal impedance reference value, and is set as: , where: is the preset nominal impedance reference value, is the weighted average of the magnitudes of the impedances measured for the load at each harmonic frequency, or a fixed adaptation strategy can also be adopted, taking a value fine-tuned according to the load type.

[0045] S222, magnetic resonance coupling efficiency control: Ensure that the energy transfer efficiency meets the requirements: , wherein, is the magnetic coupling coefficient, , are the quality factors of the primary and secondary coils respectively. The magnetic coupling coefficient is measured by measuring the mutual inductance of the primary and secondary coils and their respective self-inductances , , and calculated according to the formula: , wherein, is measured by small-signal AC testing or an impedance analyzer. The primary and secondary quality factors , are calculated by measuring the ratio of the inductive reactance to the equivalent series resistance of the primary and secondary coils at the resonant frequency respectively, according to the formula: , wherein, is the resonant angular frequency, is the self-inductance, is the series equivalent resistance of the coil.

[0046] S223, phase complementary adjustment: Adjust the voltage phase of the harmonic components in the compensation channel to make it complementary to the load impedance angle: , wherein, is the phase of the th harmonic compensation waveform, is the original phase of the th harmonic load, is the impedance phase angle of the load at the th harmonic frequency.

[0047] S224, Energy Reconstruction Verification: Use an online Lissajous figure analyzer to detect the composite trajectory of the fundamental wave and the compensated waveform. When the matching degree between the composite trajectory and the standard ellipse template reaches or exceeds 95%, it is determined that the compensated energy reconstruction is successful.

[0048] S3 specifically includes: S31, Space-Time Alignment Mechanism: Within the phase synchronization window from 300 μs before the power frequency voltage crosses zero to 100 μs after crossing zero, use a quantized timestamp synchronization circuit to align the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensated energy waveform, so that the time deviation between the two is controlled within: ; Use a Lissajous figure calibrator to adjust the spatial phase difference between the two to: ; Quantized Timestamp Synchronization: Adopt a 10 MHz reference clock, quantify the time difference of the waveform rising edge through a time-to-digital converter (TDC), and dynamically adjust the delay line of the compensation channel FPGA. Each step corrects 50 ns until the time synchronization accuracy requirement is met; The calibration criterion is satisfied: , where is the fundamental wave voltage waveform, is the ideally aligned compensated voltage waveform, represents a tiny time increment.

[0049] S32, Energy Fusion Operation: S321, Fundamental Wave Energy Impedance Matching Amplification: The adjusted fundamental wave energy is amplified by impedance matching, and the gain coefficient satisfies: , where is the fundamental wave energy gain coefficient, is the real part of the load impedance, is the real part of the source impedance, is the phase-sensitive factor, and the value range is , is the residual phase error after calibration in S31; S322, Compensated Energy Dynamic Weighted Superposition: The weighted weight of the compensated energy channel is jointly determined by the harmonic impedance ratio and the transferable identification code: , where is the compensated energy weighting coefficient, is the impedance modulus of the load at the th harmonic frequency, is the impedance modulus of the load fundamental wave (power frequency), is the th harmonic transferable identification code (taking values 0 or 1), represents the highest harmonic number participating in the compensated energy weighted calculation.

[0050] S33, Residual energy monitoring and feedback: S331, Peak energy detection threshold: Calculate the local energy through a moving average filter. The peak energy detection threshold is: , where is the peak energy threshold, is the load terminal voltage waveform, is the moving window time width (set to 1 / 4 power frequency cycle), represents a tiny time increment with as the integration variable; S332, Energy feedback control: When the residual energy detected by the load exceeds , and the grid voltage phase satisfies the range of 170° to 190°, control the bidirectional DC / AC module to inject the remaining energy into the grid in reverse with a phase of 180° ± 0.5°.

[0051] As Figure 2 shown, an AC voltage regulation and conversion system for implementing the above conversion method includes the following modules: Transient energy feature extraction module: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load terminal, decouple the fundamental energy component and the distorted energy component of the input voltage waveform in real time, and generate the fundamental energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters; Adaptive energy regulation module: Amplify or attenuate the fundamental energy according to the fundamental energy channel parameters, and perform directional energy transfer according to the distorted energy channel parameters to reconstruct and form a compensated energy waveform; Energy fusion output module: Spatially and temporally align and fuse the adjusted fundamental energy and the compensated energy waveform, generate the target voltage waveform and output it to the load terminal, and feedback the unused distorted energy to the input - side energy storage unit.

[0052] The present invention covers any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of the present invention. For the public to have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention even without these detailed descriptions. Additionally, well - known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary confusion to the essence of the present invention.

[0053] The above - mentioned are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An AC voltage regulation and conversion method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics of the load end, the fundamental energy component and the distortion energy component of the input voltage waveform are decoupled in real time through the time-frequency domain joint analysis model to generate fundamental energy channel parameters and distortion energy channel parameters; S2: inputting the fundamental wave energy channel parameters into an adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, and performing directional energy transfer on the distorted energy channel parameters to reconstruct them into a compensation energy waveform matching the load impedance characteristics; S3: Within the preset phase synchronization window, the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the reconstructed compensation energy waveform are aligned and fused in time and space to generate a target voltage waveform output to the load end, and the unused distortion energy is fed back to the input side energy storage unit.

2. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S1 specifically includes: Step S11, collecting instantaneous spectrum characteristics and impedance characteristic change rate of load current in real time, and constructing a load characteristic vector including fundamental wave demand weight and harmonic sensitivity matrix; Step S12, using a wavelet packet decomposition and dynamic impedance spectrum analysis fusion algorithm to perform multi-scale energy decomposition on the input voltage waveform; Step S13, generating fundamental wave energy channel parameters and distortion energy channel parameters according to the energy decomposition result.

3. The AC voltage regulation conversion method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fundamental wave energy component is extracted by matching the fundamental wave demand weight in the load characteristic vector, using a sliding window Kalman filter to track the fundamental wave amplitude in the time domain, and locking the power frequency component in the frequency domain through an adaptive notch filter; The separation of the distortion energy components is based on the harmonic sensitivity matrix, dynamic threshold segmentation is performed on the frequency band higher than the fundamental frequency, and the harmonic clusters whose energy mutation exceeds a preset threshold are marked as distortion energy.

4. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fundamental wave energy channel parameters include time domain amplitude envelope, phase drift compensation amount and dynamic impedance matching factor; The distortion energy channel parameters include the proportion of each harmonic energy, a time-space distribution heat map and a transferable energy identification code.

5. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S2 specifically includes: S21, fundamental wave energy gain control: input the dynamic impedance matching factor in the fundamental wave energy channel parameter into the adaptive impedance matching network, and adjust the LC resonant frequency of the network in real time to be equal to the imaginary part of the load end impedance; S22, directional transfer of distortion energy: according to the transferable energy identification code in the distortion energy channel parameter, the target harmonic cluster is selected and the high-frequency magnetic coupling array is driven to transfer and reconstruct the selected harmonic energy according to the preset rules within the zero-crossing interval of the adjacent power frequency cycle.

6. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S21, the fundamental wave energy transmission gain satisfies: ,in, represents the fundamental wave energy transfer gain, It represents the instantaneous impedance of the load end. is the source side output impedance, is the damping factor generated based on the load power demand.

7. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preset rules include: For the harmonic energy with identification code 1, it is injected into the compensation channel through magnetic resonance coupling, and the phase is adjusted to be complementary to the load impedance angle; The harmonic energy with identification code 0 is temporarily stored in the bidirectional DC link and then fed back to the input side in the next power frequency cycle.

8. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The S3 specifically includes: S31, in the phase synchronization window from before the power frequency voltage crosses zero to after the power frequency voltage crosses zero, aligning the time domain starting point of the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensation energy waveform through a quantized time stamp synchronization circuit, and calibrating with a calibrator to eliminate the spatial phase deviation; S32, inputting the fundamental wave energy and the compensation energy waveform after time-space alignment into the multi-physics field coupler to perform a fusion operation; S33 monitors the residual distortion energy in the fused waveform in real time. When it is detected that the peak energy threshold is exceeded, it is converted into DC through a bidirectional DC / AC module and temporarily stored in a supercapacitor bank, and then injected into the grid in reverse phase during the voltage valley period of the next power frequency cycle.

9. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The performing of the fusion operation specifically includes: The fundamental wave energy is amplified by impedance matching, and the gain factor satisfy: ,in, is the phase sensitivity factor, is the residual phase error after calibration; Implement weighted superposition on the compensation energy waveform, and the weight value It is determined by the transferable energy identification code in the distortion energy channel parameter and the load impedance spectrum, expressed as: ,in, To compensate for the energy weighting factor, For the load Impedance modulus at subharmonic frequencies, is the load fundamental impedance modulus, For the Transferable identification code for subharmonics, Indicates the highest harmonic order involved in the compensation energy weighted calculation.

10. An AC voltage regulation and conversion system, used to implement an AC voltage regulation and conversion method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: Includes the following modules: Transient energy feature extraction module: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics of the load end, the fundamental energy component and the distortion energy component of the input voltage waveform are decoupled in real time to generate fundamental energy channel parameters and distortion energy channel parameters; Adaptive energy regulation module: amplifies or attenuates fundamental wave energy according to fundamental wave energy channel parameters, performs directional energy transfer according to distortion energy channel parameters, and reconstructs a compensation energy waveform; Energy fusion output module: The regulated fundamental wave energy and the compensation energy waveform are aligned and fused in time and space to generate a target voltage waveform to output to the load end, and the unused distorted energy is fed back to the input side energy storage unit.

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