An AC voltage regulation and conversion system and method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of power technology, and particularly relates to an AC voltage regulation and conversion system and method, which includes the following steps: decoupling the fundamental wave energy component and the distortion energy component of the input voltage waveform in real time through a time-frequency domain joint analysis model to generate fundamental wave energy channel parameters and distortion energy channel parameters; inputting the fundamental wave energy channel parameters into an adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, and at the same time performing directional energy transfer on the distortion energy channel parameters to reconstruct them into a compensation energy waveform matching the load impedance characteristics; generating a target voltage waveform and outputting it to the load end, and feeding back the unused distortion energy to the input side energy storage unit. The present invention improves the quality of the output voltage waveform and the response speed of the system energy closed-loop control, and is applicable to scenarios with strict requirements for power quality.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of power technology, and particularly to an AC voltage regulation and conversion system and method. Background Art

[0002] During the transmission and application of AC voltage, due to factors such as power grid fluctuations, load non-linear characteristics, and electromagnetic interference, fundamental wave distortion and multi-order harmonic distortion often occur. These distorted energies not only reduce the power quality but may also cause problems such as overheating of load equipment, abnormal vibration, and degradation of electromagnetic compatibility. Therefore, in the prior art, methods based on fixed filter banks or static compensators (such as STATCOM) are usually used to purify and regulate the voltage waveform.

[0003] However, traditional filtering methods have the following limitations: First, fixed-parameter filters are difficult to adapt to the rapid changes in load impedance in real time, resulting in fluctuations in the fundamental wave energy transmission efficiency and a significant decline in filtering performance in a sudden distortion environment; Second, existing compensation strategies often simply suppress or absorb all distorted energies, lacking dynamic classification and intelligent utilization of distorted energies, causing energy waste and reducing the overall energy efficiency ratio of the system; In addition, for the complex scenario of multi-source distorted energies, existing regulation methods still have lags in the decoupling, fusion accuracy, and residual energy feedback control of fundamental waves and distorted components, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision power quality management. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides an AC voltage regulation and conversion system and method, which can dynamically identify fundamental wave and distorted energy components based on the real-time characteristics of the load, and realize an AC voltage regulation and conversion method with efficient regulation, energy reconstruction, and feedback recovery, so as to improve the energy utilization rate, power quality stability, and the ability to adapt to complex load environments of the system.

[0005] An AC voltage regulation and conversion method includes the following steps:

[0006] S1: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, the fundamental wave energy component and the distorted energy component of the input voltage waveform are decoupled in real time through a time-frequency domain joint analysis model, and the fundamental wave energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters are generated;

[0007] S2: The fundamental wave energy channel parameters are input into an adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, and at the same time, the distorted energy channel parameters are subjected to directional energy transfer to reconstruct them into a compensation energy waveform matching the load impedance characteristics;

[0008] S3: Within a preset phase synchronization window, the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the reconstructed compensation energy waveform are aligned and fused in space and time to generate a target voltage waveform and output it to the load end, and the unused distorted energy is fed back to the input-side energy storage unit.

[0009] Optionally, S1 specifically includes:

[0010] Step S11: Collect the instantaneous spectrum characteristics and impedance characteristic change rate of the load current in real time, and construct a load feature vector including the fundamental wave demand weight and the harmonic sensitivity matrix;

[0011] Step S12: Use the wavelet packet decomposition and dynamic impedance spectrum analysis fusion algorithm to perform multi-scale energy decomposition on the input voltage waveform;

[0012] Step S13: Generate the fundamental wave energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters according to the energy decomposition results.

[0013] Optionally, the extraction of the fundamental wave energy component is achieved by matching the fundamental wave demand weight in the load feature vector, tracking the fundamental wave amplitude using a sliding window Kalman filter in the time domain, and locking the power frequency component through an adaptive notch filter in the frequency domain;

[0014] The separation of the distorted energy component is based on the harmonic sensitivity matrix. Dynamic threshold segmentation is performed on the frequency band higher than the fundamental frequency, and the harmonic clusters with energy mutation exceeding the preset threshold are marked as distorted energy.

[0015] Optionally, the fundamental wave energy channel parameters include the time-domain amplitude envelope, the phase drift compensation amount, and the dynamic impedance matching factor;

[0016] The distorted energy channel parameters include the proportion of each harmonic energy, the time-space distribution heat map, and the transferable energy identification code.

[0017] Optionally, S2 specifically includes:

[0018] S21: Fundamental wave energy gain control: Input the dynamic impedance matching factor in the fundamental wave energy channel parameters into the adaptive impedance matching network, and adjust the LC resonance frequency of the network to be equal to the imaginary part of the load terminal impedance in real time;

[0019] S22: Distorted energy directional transfer: According to the transferable energy identification code in the distorted energy channel parameters, select the target harmonic cluster and drive the high-frequency magnetic coupling array, and transfer and reconstruct the selected harmonic energy according to the preset rules within the zero-crossing interval of adjacent power frequency cycles.

[0020] Optionally, in S21, the fundamental wave energy transmission gain satisfies: , where represents the fundamental wave energy transmission gain, represents the instantaneous impedance at the load terminal, is the output impedance at the source side, is the damping coefficient generated based on the load power demand.

[0021] Optionally, the preset rules include:

[0022] For the harmonic energy with an identification code of 1, it is injected into the compensation channel through magnetic resonance coupling, and the phase is adjusted to be complementary to the load impedance angle;

[0023] For the harmonic energy with an identification code of 0, after being temporarily stored through a bidirectional DC link, it is fed back to the input side in the next power frequency cycle.

[0024] Optionally, the specific steps of S3 include:

[0025] S31, within the phase synchronization window from before the power frequency voltage crosses zero to after it crosses zero, align the time-domain starting points of the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensation energy waveforms through a quantization timestamp synchronization circuit, and use a calibrator for calibration to eliminate the spatial phase deviation;

[0026] S32, input the spatiotemporally aligned fundamental wave energy and compensation energy waveforms into a multi-physical field coupler to perform a fusion operation;

[0027] S33, continuously monitor the residual distortion energy in the fused waveform. When the detected energy exceeds the peak energy threshold, convert it into direct current through a bidirectional DC / AC module and temporarily store it in the supercapacitor bank, and then inject it into the power grid in the reverse phase during the voltage trough period of the next power frequency cycle.

[0028] Optionally, the specific steps of performing the fusion operation include:

[0029] Perform impedance matching amplification on the fundamental wave energy, and the gain coefficient Satisfies:

[0030] , where Is the phase-sensitive factor, Is the residual phase error after calibration;

[0031] Perform weighted superposition on the compensation energy waveform, and the weight value Is jointly determined by the transferable energy identification code in the distortion energy channel parameters and the load impedance spectrum, and is expressed as:

[0032] , where Is the compensation energy weighting coefficient, Is the impedance modulus value of the load at the th harmonic frequency, Is the fundamental wave impedance modulus value of the load, Is the th transferable identification code of the harmonic, Represents the highest harmonic order participating in the weighted calculation of the compensation energy.

[0033] An AC voltage regulation and conversion system for implementing the above-mentioned AC voltage regulation and conversion method, comprising the following modules:

[0034] Transient energy feature extraction module: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, decouple the fundamental wave energy component and the distortion energy component of the input voltage waveform in real time, and generate the fundamental wave energy channel parameters and the distortion energy channel parameters.

[0035] Adaptive energy regulation module: Amplify or attenuate the fundamental wave energy according to the fundamental wave energy channel parameters, and perform directional energy transfer according to the distortion energy channel parameters to reconstruct and form a compensated energy waveform.

[0036] Energy fusion output module: Spatially and temporally align and fuse the regulated fundamental wave energy and the compensated energy waveform to generate a target voltage waveform and output it to the load end, and feedback the unused distortion energy to the input-side energy storage unit.

[0037] Advantages of the present invention:

[0038] In the present invention, by introducing a dynamic fundamental wave-distortion energy decoupling mechanism based on load transient characteristics and combining the dual means of wavelet packet decomposition and dynamic impedance spectrum analysis, the fundamental wave energy and the distortion energy in the input voltage can be separated in real time and accurately, improving the energy recognition accuracy and adaptability under complex non-linear load conditions compared with traditional fixed filtering methods, and effectively reducing the interference of high-frequency distortion components on the system power transmission efficiency and stability.

[0039] In the present invention, by constructing a collaborative regulation structure of an adaptive impedance matching network and a high-frequency magnetic coupling array, dynamic reflectionless matching transmission based on the load power demand is realized in the fundamental wave channel, and at the same time, intelligent reconstruction of energy according to harmonic transferability is realized in the distortion energy channel, ensuring that the distortion energy can be maximally used by the load or efficiently feedback to the energy storage end, breaking through the problem of general loss or out-of-control feedback of distortion energy in traditional systems, and significantly improving the energy utilization rate and system stability.

[0040] In the present invention, by setting a high-precision spatio-temporal synchronization mechanism and a multi-physical field energy fusion module, nanosecond-level time alignment and micro-angle space phase calibration of the fundamental wave and the compensated waveform are completed within the power frequency zero-crossing interval, and through the real-time detection and in-phase injection feedback of the residual distortion energy, rapid suppression and energy recovery of the sudden spike energy are realized, greatly improving the output voltage waveform quality (THD reduction) and the response speed of the system energy closed-loop control compared with the prior art, and being particularly suitable for scenarios with strict requirements for power quality such as high-precision manufacturing, power electronics experimental platforms, etc. Description of the Drawings

[0041] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only those of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the conversion method process for the embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the system function module for the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0044] The following will describe the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. At the same time, it should be noted here that in order to make the embodiments more detailed, the following embodiments are the best and preferred embodiments. For some well-known technologies, those skilled in the art can also adopt other alternative methods for implementation; and the accompanying drawings are only for more specifically describing the embodiments, and are not intended to specifically limit the present invention.

[0045] It should be pointed out that in the specification, when referring to "an embodiment", "embodiment", "exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc., it indicates that the described embodiment may include specific features, structures or characteristics, but not necessarily every embodiment includes such specific features, structures or characteristics. In addition, when combining an embodiment to describe a specific feature, structure or characteristic, implementing such a feature, structure or characteristic in combination with other embodiments (whether explicitly described or not) should be within the knowledge scope of those skilled in the relevant art.

[0046] Generally, terms can be understood at least in part from their use in the context. For example, at least in part depending on the context, the term "one or more" used herein can be used to describe any feature, structure or characteristic in a singular sense, or can be used to describe a combination of features, structures or characteristics in a plural sense. In addition, the term "based on" can be understood as not necessarily intended to convey a set of exclusive factors, but instead, at least in part depending on the context, allowing for the existence of other factors that may not be explicitly described.

[0047] As Figure 1 shown, an AC voltage regulation conversion method includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, the fundamental wave energy component and the distortion energy component of the input voltage waveform are decoupled in real time through a time-frequency domain joint analysis model to generate fundamental wave energy channel parameters and distortion energy channel parameters;

[0049] S2: Input the fundamental wave energy channel parameters into the adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, and simultaneously perform directional energy transfer on the distorted energy channel parameters to reconstruct them into a compensated energy waveform that matches the load impedance characteristics;

[0050] S3: Within the preset phase synchronization window, perform spatio-temporal alignment and fusion of the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the reconstructed compensated energy waveform to generate a target voltage waveform and output it to the load terminal, and feedback the unused distorted energy to the input-side energy storage unit.

[0051] S1 specifically includes:

[0052] S11, Construction of the load feature vector:

[0053] S111, Extraction of instantaneous spectrum features: Analyze the load current signal through real-time fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract the fundamental wave (50 / 60 Hz) amplitude ratio and the energy density of the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics.

[0054] S112, Calculation of the impedance characteristic change rate: At a sampling rate of 10 kHz, measure the voltage and current differential values in real time, and calculate the impedance dynamic response rate impedance change rate:

[0055] , where is the impedance change rate, represents the voltage change rate per unit time, represents the current change rate per unit time.

[0056] S113, Establishment of the harmonic sensitivity matrix: Construct a two-dimensional harmonic sensitivity matrix : , represents the interference coefficient of the th harmonic on the load within the time slice , which is obtained by training with historical fault data.

[0057] Extraction of instantaneous spectrum features - Real-time FFT analysis method, specifically as follows:

[0058] Perform periodic window segmentation on the load current signal (for example, a sampling length of 1 cycle or 2 cycles, sampling rate z10 kHz), perform fast Fourier transform within each time window to obtain the frequency domain spectrum distribution at the current moment. In the FFT output result, extract the amplitude component corresponding to the fundamental wave frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) and its power. At the same time, extract the amplitude components at the frequencies of each harmonic such as the 3rd, 5th, and 7th harmonics , , and their corresponding energies. Calculate the fundamental wave amplitude ratio as:

[0059] ;

[0060] Calculate the energy density of each harmonic as the proportion of the square of the corresponding amplitude, i.e.:

[0061] ;

[0062] Output the above features as the instantaneous spectrum features of each time slice.

[0063] The scheme obtained through training with historical fault data is as follows:

[0064] First, for a specific load device, establish a database containing multiple sets of historical operation data and fault records. The historical data includes the energy characteristics of each harmonic component, the phase drift characteristics, and the load condition status label.

[0065] In the data preprocessing stage, standardize the harmonic components at each moment to eliminate the energy amplitude differences under different test conditions, and synchronously label the normal or faulty state of the load at the corresponding moment.

[0066] Subsequently, use logistic regression to analyze the correlation between each harmonic feature and the probability of load failure, and extract the contribution degree of harmonics in different frequency bands to the load state change within different time slices.

[0067] Finally, normalize the interference intensity of each harmonic frequency component in each time slice for the discrimination of load abnormal states to form a two-dimensional harmonic sensitivity matrix.

[0068] S12, Time-frequency domain joint decoupling:

[0069] S121, Wavelet packet decomposition: Perform 5-layer decomposition using the db6 wavelet basis, and extract the high-frequency distortion energy in the 2 - 5 kHz frequency band from the detail coefficients of the third layer.

[0070] S122, Dynamic impedance spectrum analysis:

[0071] Within each 1 ms time window, inject a white noise excitation signal with an amplitude of 0.1% of the nominal voltage into the load terminal, and calculate the load terminal frequency response through the frequency response function: , where represents the frequency domain representation of the load response voltage, represents the frequency domain representation of the injected white noise signal, is the frequency response function used to identify the mutation frequency points of the load impedance.

[0072] S123, Dynamic energy segmentation logic: Detect each item of the FFT frequency components one by one. If any of the following conditions is met, mark it as distorted energy:

[0073] 1. Energy exceeds the dynamic baseline: ;

[0074] 2. Phase drift exceeds the load tolerance matrix: ;

[0075] wherein, is the energy of the current frequency component, is the reference energy level, is the current impedance change rate, is the phase shift of the current frequency component, is the corresponding harmonic order of the phase drift tolerance threshold;

[0076] Based on the harmonic tolerance characteristics test of the load device, by applying harmonic interferences of different amplitudes, measure the degradation thresholds of the load performance (power factor, temperature rise) at each harmonic frequency, and take the minimum harmonic amplitude that causes the performance index to drop beyond the set tolerance range as the tolerance threshold of the corresponding order ;

[0077] S13, Channel parameter generation:

[0078] S131, Fundamental wave energy channel parameters:

[0079] Time-domain amplitude envelope: Extract the instantaneous amplitude curve of the fundamental wave component through Hilbert transform;

[0080] Phase drift compensation amount: Calculate the cumulative offset angle between the current fundamental wave phase and the ideal sine wave phase:

[0081] , wherein, is the fundamental wave phase drift compensation amount, is the real-time measured fundamental wave phase, is the theoretical sine wave phase reference;

[0082] Dynamic impedance matching factor: Obtained by the ratio of the actual impedance of the load to the nominal impedance of the system:

[0083] , wherein, is the real-time measured actual impedance of the load, is the nominal impedance of the system;

[0084] S132, Distorted energy channel parameters:

[0085] Energy ratio : That is, the ratio of the energy of each harmonic to the total distorted energy: , wherein, is the th harmonic energy, It is the total sum of all harmonic energies (excluding the fundamental wave);

[0086] Space-time distribution heat map: Taking every 1 / 4 power frequency period as the time grid, mark the time period and frequency band where the distortion energy is concentrated;

[0087] Transferable energy identification code: Using binary coding method, define the energy processing decision:

[0088] .

[0089] High-frequency distortion energy extraction - The db6 wavelet packet 5-layer decomposition method is as follows:

[0090] Perform wavelet packet decomposition on the load current signal, select the db6 (Daubechies6) wavelet as the mother wavelet, and perform 5-layer decomposition.

[0091] After wavelet packet decomposition, the signal frequency band is evenly divided into 2 5 = 32 sub-frequency bands, and each sub-frequency band corresponds to a small section of the original signal frequency range.

[0092] Determine the sub-frequency band index corresponding to the target frequency band (2 - 5 kHz). Assuming the sampling rate is 10 kHz, the total frequency range is 0 - 5 kHz, and the frequency band included in the 3rd layer detail coefficient is most suitable for covering the 2 - 5 kHz area.

[0093] Extract the detail coefficient nodes corresponding to the 3rd layer (the 5th - 7th nodes), and these node coefficients centrally reflect the high-frequency energy components of 2 - 5 kHz.

[0094] Calculate the total energy of these nodes as the high-frequency distortion energy index, which is used to determine whether there is abnormal high-frequency disturbance.

[0095] S2 specifically includes:

[0096] S21, Fundamental wave energy dynamic regulation:

[0097] S211, Fundamental wave energy gain control: Input the dynamic impedance matching factor in the fundamental wave energy channel parameters into the adaptive impedance matching network, and adjust the LC resonance frequency to be equal to the imaginary part of the load impedance in real time. The fundamental wave energy transmission gain satisfies:

[0098] , where represents the fundamental wave energy transmission gain, represents the instantaneous impedance at the load end, is the output impedance at the source side, is the damping coefficient generated based on the load power demand; According to the load instantaneous active power and the rated active power The ratio is dynamically generated according to a preset piecewise function, specifically as follows:

[0099] When then ;

[0100] When then .

[0101] S212, dynamic LC resonance frequency adjustment: Adjust the LC network parameters to ensure that the resonance frequency is consistent with the frequency corresponding to the imaginary part impedance of the load, expressed as: ;

[0102] And make: ;

[0103] Among them, is the adjustable inductance value, is the adjustable capacitance value, represents the equivalent resonance frequency corresponding to the imaginary part impedance of the load;

[0104] S213, damping coefficient Calculation: Dynamically set according to the ratio of the instantaneous active power of the load to the rated power , expressed as:

[0105] ;

[0106] Among them, P(t) represents the active power of the load detected in real time, represents the rated active power of the load.

[0107] S22, distorted energy directional transfer:

[0108] S221, distorted energy reconstruction: According to the indication of the transferable energy identification code, drive the high-frequency magnetic coupling array before and after the zero-crossing point of the adjacent power frequency cycle to perform the following operations:

[0109] For the harmonic energy with the identification code of 1, inject it into the compensation channel through magnetic resonance coupling and adjust the phase;

[0110] For the harmonic energy with the identification code of 0, temporarily store it through the bidirectional DC link and then feedback it to the input side.

[0111] The amplitude of the compensated energy waveform is calculated as:

[0112] ;

[0113] Among them, is the amplitude of the compensated energy waveform, is the effective value of the th harmonic current, is for the load at The impedance modulus value at the sub-harmonic frequency is the load impedance adaptation coefficient, which is adjusted according to the ratio of the impedance modulus value of the load at each sub-harmonic frequency to the nominal impedance reference value, and is set as: , where: is the preset nominal impedance reference value, is the weighted average of the impedance modulus values measured by the load at each sub-harmonic frequency. A fixed adaptation strategy can also be adopted, taking a value with fine-tuning according to the load type between them.

[0114] S222, magnetic resonance coupling efficiency control: Ensure that the energy transfer efficiency meets the requirements:

[0115] , where is the magnetic coupling coefficient, , are the quality factors of the primary and secondary coils respectively. The magnetic coupling coefficient is measured by measuring the mutual inductance of the primary and secondary coils and their respective self-inductances , , and calculated according to the formula: , where is measured by small-signal AC testing or an impedance analyzer. The primary and secondary quality factors , are calculated by measuring the ratio of the inductive reactance to the equivalent series resistance of the primary and secondary coils at the resonant frequency respectively, according to the formula: , where is the resonant angular frequency, is the self-inductance, is the series equivalent resistance of the coil.

[0116] S223, phase complementary adjustment: Adjust the voltage phase of the harmonic components in the compensation channel to make it complementary to the load impedance angle: , where is the phase of the th harmonic compensation waveform, is the original phase of the th harmonic load, is the impedance phase angle of the load at the th harmonic frequency.

[0117] S224, energy reconstruction verification: Use an online Lissajous figure analyzer to detect the synthesis trajectory of the fundamental wave and the compensation waveform. When the matching degree of the synthesis trajectory with the standard ellipse template reaches or exceeds 95%, it is determined that the compensation energy reconstruction is successful.

[0118] S3 specifically includes:

[0119] S31, Space-time alignment mechanism: within the phase synchronization window from 300 μs before the power frequency voltage crosses zero to 100 μs after crossing zero, use the quantized timestamp synchronization circuit to align the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensated energy waveforms, and control the time deviation between the two within: ;

[0120] Use the Lissajous figure calibrator to adjust the spatial phase difference between the two to: ;

[0121] Quantized timestamp synchronization: Adopt a 10 MHz reference clock, quantify the time difference of the waveform rising edge through a time-to-digital converter (TDC), and dynamically adjust the FPGA delay line of the compensation channel. Each step corrects 50 ns until the time synchronization accuracy requirement is met;

[0122] The calibration criterion is satisfied: , where is the fundamental wave voltage waveform, is the compensated voltage waveform with ideal alignment, represents a small time increment.

[0123] S32, Energy fusion operation:

[0124] S321, Fundamental wave energy impedance matching amplification: The adjusted fundamental wave energy is amplified by impedance matching, and the gain coefficient satisfies: , where is the fundamental wave energy gain coefficient, is the real part of the load impedance, is the real part of the source impedance, is the phase sensitive factor, and the value range is , is the residual phase error after calibration in S31;

[0125] S322, Compensated energy dynamic weighted superposition: The weighted weight of the compensated energy channel is jointly determined by the harmonic impedance ratio and the transferable identification code: , where is the compensated energy weighting coefficient, is the impedance modulus of the load at the th harmonic frequency, is the impedance modulus of the load fundamental wave (power frequency), is the th harmonic transferable identification code (taking values 0 or 1), represents the highest harmonic number participating in the compensated energy weighted calculation.

[0126] S33, Residual energy monitoring and feedback:

[0127] S331, Peak energy detection threshold: Calculate the local energy through a moving average filter. The peak energy detection threshold is:

[0128] , where is the peak energy threshold, is the load terminal voltage waveform, is the moving window time width (set to 1 / 4 power frequency period), represents a tiny time increment with as the integration variable;

[0129] S332, Energy feedback control: When the residual energy detected by the load exceeds , and the grid voltage phase satisfies the range of 170° to 190°, control the bidirectional DC / AC module to inject the remaining energy into the grid in reverse phase with a phase of 180° ± 0.5°.

[0130] As Figure 2 shown, an AC voltage regulation and conversion system for implementing the above conversion method includes the following modules:

[0131] Transient energy feature extraction module: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load terminal, decouple the fundamental wave energy component and the distorted energy component of the input voltage waveform in real time, and generate the fundamental wave energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters;

[0132] Adaptive energy regulation module: Amplify or attenuate the fundamental wave energy according to the fundamental wave energy channel parameters, and perform directional energy transfer according to the distorted energy channel parameters to reconstruct and form a compensated energy waveform;

[0133] Energy fusion output module: Align and fuse the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensated energy waveform in space and time, generate the target voltage waveform and output it to the load terminal, and feedback the unused distorted energy to the input side energy storage unit.

[0134] The present invention covers any substitutions, modifications, equivalent methods, and solutions made within the spirit and scope of the present invention. For the public to have a thorough understanding of the present invention, specific details are described in detail in the following preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art can fully understand the present invention without the description of these details. In addition, well-known methods, processes, procedures, components, and circuits are not described in detail to avoid unnecessary confusion to the essence of the present invention.

[0135] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An AC voltage regulation and conversion method, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, the fundamental energy component and the distorted energy component of the input voltage waveform are decoupled in real time through a time-frequency domain joint analysis model, and the fundamental energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters are generated; specifically including: Step S11, collect the instantaneous spectrum characteristics of the load current and the change rate of the impedance characteristics in real time, and construct a load feature vector including the fundamental demand weight and the harmonic sensitivity matrix; Step S12, adopt a fusion algorithm of wavelet packet decomposition and dynamic impedance spectrum analysis to perform multi-scale energy decomposition on the input voltage waveform; Step S13, generate the fundamental energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters according to the energy decomposition result; S2: Input the fundamental energy channel parameters into an adaptive impedance matching network for amplification or attenuation, and at the same time perform directional energy transfer on the distorted energy channel parameters, and reconstruct them into a compensation energy waveform matching the load impedance characteristics; specifically including: S21, fundamental energy gain control: Input the dynamic impedance matching factor in the fundamental energy channel parameters into the adaptive impedance matching network, and make the LC resonance frequency of the network equal to the imaginary part of the impedance at the load end by real-time adjustment; S22, distorted energy directional transfer: According to the transferable energy identification code in the distorted energy channel parameters, select the target harmonic cluster and drive the high-frequency magnetic coupling array, and transfer and reconstruct the selected harmonic energy according to the preset rules within the zero-crossing interval of adjacent power frequency cycles; S3: Within a preset phase synchronization window, perform spatio-temporal alignment and fusion on the adjusted fundamental energy and the reconstructed compensation energy waveform, generate a target voltage waveform and output it to the load end, and feedback the unused distorted energy to the input-side energy storage unit; specifically including: S31, within the phase synchronization window from before the power frequency voltage zero-crossing to after the zero-crossing, align the time-domain starting points of the adjusted fundamental energy and the compensation energy waveform through a quantization timestamp synchronization circuit, and calibrate them using a calibrator to eliminate the spatial phase deviation; S32, input the spatio-temporally aligned fundamental energy and compensation energy waveform into a multi-physical field coupler to perform a fusion operation; S33, monitor the residual distorted energy in the fused waveform in real time. When it is detected that it exceeds the peak energy threshold, convert it into direct current through a bidirectional DC / AC module and temporarily store it in the supercapacitor bank, and inject it into the power grid in reverse during the voltage trough period of the next power frequency cycle.

2. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 1, wherein The extraction of the fundamental energy component is achieved by matching the fundamental demand weight in the load feature vector, tracking the fundamental amplitude using a sliding window Kalman filter in the time domain, and locking the power frequency component through an adaptive notch filter in the frequency domain; The separation of the distorted energy component is based on the harmonic sensitivity matrix, and dynamic threshold segmentation is performed on the frequency band higher than the fundamental frequency, and the harmonic cluster with an energy mutation exceeding the preset threshold is marked as the distorted energy.

3. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that The fundamental energy channel parameters include the time-domain amplitude envelope, the phase drift compensation amount, and the dynamic impedance matching factor; The distorted energy channel parameters include the energy ratio of each harmonic, the spatio-temporal distribution heat map, and the transferable energy identification code.

4. A method for AC voltage regulation and conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the above S21, the fundamental wave energy transmission gain satisfies: , where represents the fundamental wave energy transmission gain, represents the instantaneous impedance at the load end, is the output impedance on the source side, is the damping coefficient generated based on the load power demand.

5. A method for AC voltage regulation and conversion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset rules include: For the harmonic energy with the transferable energy identification code of 1, it is injected into the compensation channel through magnetic resonance coupling, and the phase is adjusted to be complementary to the load impedance angle. For the harmonic energy with the transferable energy identification code of 0, after being temporarily stored in the bidirectional DC link, it is fed back to the input side in the next power frequency cycle.

6. The AC voltage regulation and conversion method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific implementation of the fusion operation includes: The fundamental wave energy is amplified by impedance matching, and the gain coefficient satisfies: , where is the phase-sensitive factor, is the residual phase error after calibration, is the real part of the load impedance, is the real part of the source impedance; Perform weighted superposition on the compensated energy waveform, and the weight value is jointly determined by the transferable energy identification code in the distortion energy channel parameter and the load impedance spectrum, and is expressed as: , where is the compensation energy weighting coefficient, is the magnitude of the impedance of the load at the th harmonic frequency, is the magnitude of the fundamental impedance of the load, is the th harmonic transfer identification code, represents the highest harmonic order participating in the compensation energy weighting calculation.

7. An AC voltage regulation and conversion system for implementing an AC voltage regulation and conversion method as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, It includes the following modules: Transient energy feature extraction module: Based on the transient energy demand characteristics at the load end, it decouples the fundamental wave energy component and the distorted energy component of the input voltage waveform in real time, and generates the fundamental wave energy channel parameters and the distorted energy channel parameters. Adaptive energy regulation module: Amplifies or attenuates the fundamental wave energy according to the fundamental wave energy channel parameters, and performs directional energy transfer according to the distorted energy channel parameters to reconstruct and form a compensated energy waveform. Energy fusion output module: Spatially and temporally aligns and fuses the adjusted fundamental wave energy and the compensated energy waveform, generates a target voltage waveform and outputs it to the load end, and feeds back the unused distorted energy to the input side energy storage unit.

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