Gear shaving clamp and grinding method

Abstract

According to the gear shaving clamp and the grinding method, a mandrel and a pressing plate are connected in a sleeved mode, a gear can be pressed through the pressing faces of the mandrel and the pressing plate, and auxiliary work of gear shaving is achieved. When shaving gears are ground, different positions of the shaving gear clamp can be clamped through the three-jaw chuck, alignment is facilitated during clamping, and the grinding precision can be improved. Due to the fact that the precision of the gear shaving clamp is high enough during grinding, the assembling precision can be guaranteed during follow-up gear clamping, a technological foundation is laid for grinding similar products in the later period, and the gear shaving clamp is suitable for large-scale application and popularization in industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the field of auxiliary tooling for gear machining, and particularly relates to a shaving fixture and a grinding method. Background Art

[0002] In the gear shaving process, auxiliary tooling is required, and the auxiliary tooling plays an important role in ensuring the improvement of gear machining accuracy. The shaving fixtures in the prior art include a mandrel and a pressing plate, and these two position and fix the workpiece to ensure the stability and accuracy of the machining process.

[0003] With the increasing requirements for the accuracy of auxiliary tooling, the shaving fixtures in the prior art are difficult to achieve the required form and position tolerances and grinding clearances. The clamping and grinding methods in the prior art have insufficient accuracy, cannot meet the requirements of form and position tolerances and grinding clearances, and it is difficult to ensure the assembly accuracy of the later shaving fixture. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a shaving fixture and a grinding method to solve the problem that the clamping and grinding methods of the shaving fixture in the prior art have insufficient accuracy and cannot ensure the assembly accuracy of the later shaving fixture.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention is implemented by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0006] A shaving fixture includes a three-jaw chuck and a shaving fixture for clamping a gear. The shaving fixture includes a mandrel and a pressing plate, and both the mandrel and the pressing plate are of an integral structure;

[0007] The front, middle, and rear parts of the mandrel are respectively coaxial first clamping part, first press-fitting part, and socket part;

[0008] A first central hole is coaxially and horizontally penetrated in the front part of the first clamping part; a socket hole is horizontally penetrated in the middle part of the socket part, and the socket hole extends forward to communicate with the first central hole; the outer diameter of the front part of the first press-fitting part gradually increases from front to back, and the rear side wall of the first press-fitting part is a first press-fitting surface;

[0009] The front, middle, and rear parts of the pressing plate are respectively coaxial inserting part, second press-fitting part, and second clamping part;

[0010] A second central hole and a third central hole are coaxially and horizontally provided in the front part of the inserting part and the rear part of the second clamping part respectively, and both the second central hole and the third central hole are blind holes; the outer diameter of the rear part of the second press-fitting part gradually decreases, and the front side wall of the second press-fitting part is a second press-fitting surface;

[0011] The outer diameter of the inserting part matches the inner diameter of the socket hole, and the length of the inserting part matches the depth of the socket hole;

[0012] The outer wall of the socket part of the mandrel can be sleeved with the inner ring of the gear, and the first press-fitting surface and the second press-fitting surface can respectively press tightly on both sides of the gear;

[0013] The three-jaw chuck can respectively clamp the mandrel and the pressure plate.

[0014] The present invention also has the following features:

[0015] Further, the front part of the first central hole of the mandrel is a tapered surface structure with a larger inner diameter at the front and a smaller inner diameter at the rear;

[0016] The rear part of the second central hole of the pressure plate is a tapered surface structure with a smaller inner diameter at the front and a larger inner diameter at the rear, and the front part of the third central hole is a tapered surface structure with a larger inner diameter at the front and a smaller inner diameter at the rear.

[0017] A grinding method for a shaving fixture, which is based on the above-mentioned shaving fixture, and is characterized by including the following steps:

[0018] Step 0, determine the design requirements for the runout value after the assembly of the mandrel and the pressure plate;

[0019] Step 1, use the three-jaw chuck to clamp the first clamping part of the mandrel, align the outer circle of the first press-fitting part, and grind the outer circle of the socket part, the first press-fitting surface, the socket hole and the outer circle of the first press-fitting part until the mandrel is removed after grinding is completed;

[0020] Step 2, use the three-jaw chuck to clamp the perforated magnetic disk matching the mandrel specification, position it with the first press-fitting surface, and clamp the socket part of the mandrel in the central hole of the perforated magnetic disk; align the outer circle of the first press-fitting part and grind the first central hole until the mandrel is removed after grinding is completed;

[0021] Step 3, use the three-jaw chuck to clamp the second clamping part of the pressure plate, align the outer circle of the second press-fitting part, and grind the second central hole until the pressure plate is removed after grinding is completed;

[0022] Step 4, use the three-jaw chuck to clamp the insertion part of the pressure plate, align the outer circle of the second press-fitting part, and grind the third central hole and then remove the pressure plate;

[0023] Step 5, use the two centers of the machine tool to clamp the second central hole and the third central hole of the pressure plate, and grind the second press-fitting surface of the pressure plate and the outer circle of the insertion part until grinding is completed;

[0024] Step 6, connect the mandrel and the pressure plate, respectively clamp the first central hole and the third central hole of the two on the two centers of the swing meter, and use a micrometer to measure whether the runout after the assembly of the mandrel and the pressure plate meets the design requirements;

[0025] If it meets the requirements, the grinding of the shaving fixture is completed;

[0026] If not, grind the first center hole of the mandrel 3 according to Step 2, and then detect according to Step 6 until the runout meets the design requirements.

[0027] Further, in Step 1, the criteria for completing the grinding of the first pressing surface, the socket hole, the outer circle of the socket part, and the outer circle of the first pressing part are as follows: ensure that the dimensional tolerance and roughness are not greater than 0.8um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm;

[0028] In Step 2, the criteria for completing the grinding of the first center hole are as follows: the roughness of the first center hole is not greater than 0.4um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm;

[0029] In Steps 3 and 4, the criteria for completing the grinding of the second center hole and the third center hole are as follows: the roughness of both the second center hole and the third center hole is not greater than 0.4um, the runout of both is not greater than 0.002mm, and the roundness of the cross-section is not greater than 0.001mm;

[0030] In Step 5, the criteria for completing the grinding of the second pressing surface are as follows: the roughness is not greater than 0.4um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm;

[0031] Further, in Step 1, the circumferential speed of the grinding wheel is 35m / s, and the rotational speed of the three-jaw chuck is 100 revolutions per minute;

[0032] In Steps 2, 3, and 4, the rotational speed of the three-jaw chuck used for grinding is 140 revolutions per minute;

[0033] In Step 5, the circumferential speed of the grinding wheel is 35m / s, and the rotational speed of the three-jaw chuck 1 is 100 revolutions per minute.

[0034] Further, when connecting the mandrel and the pressing plate in Step 5, first measure the aperture of the socket hole of the mandrel to obtain the measured value, then grind the outer diameter of the insertion part 401 of the pressing plate to be 0.003mm smaller than the measured value, and then connect the mandrel and the pressing plate.

[0035] Further, in Step 5, if the mandrel and the pressing plate cannot be connected, continue to grind the outer diameter of the insertion part of the pressing plate, and the feed rate is 0.001mm until successful connection.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0037] The shaving fixture and grinding method of the present invention can press-fit the gear with their respective pressing surfaces by the mutual socketing of the mandrel and the pressing plate, realizing the auxiliary work for gear shaving. When grinding the shaving gear, the three-jaw chuck can be used to clamp different positions of the shaving fixture, and it is convenient to align during clamping, which can enhance the accuracy during grinding. Since the accuracy of the shaving fixture itself during grinding is high enough, the assembly accuracy can also be guaranteed when clamping the gear later, laying a technological foundation for grinding similar products in the later stage, and being suitable for large-scale industrial use and promotion. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0038] Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the shaving fixture of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the mandrel structure in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the pressing plate structure in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 4 and 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the mandrel and the three-jaw chuck in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 6 and 7 is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the pressing plate and the three-jaw chuck in the present invention;

[0043] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the component connection relationship in step 7 in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] The meanings of the reference numerals in the drawings are as follows:

[0045] 1. Three-jaw chuck; 2. Shaving fixture; 3. Mandrel; 4. Pressing plate;

[0046] 301. First clamping portion; 302. First pressing portion; 303. Socketing portion; 304. First central hole; 305. Socketing hole; 306. First pressing surface; 401. Insertion portion; 402. Second pressing portion; 403. Second clamping portion; 404. Second central hole; 405. Third central hole; 406. Second pressing surface. Detailed Embodiments

[0047] It should be noted that all components in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, are all components known in the prior art. For example, the three-jaw chuck uses a commonly known three-jaw chuck.

[0048] The following are specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments, and all equivalent transformations made on the basis of the technical solutions of this application fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0049] As shown Figures 1-3 in the figure, a shaving fixture includes a three-jaw chuck 1 and a shaving fixture 2 for clamping a gear. The shaving fixture 2 includes a mandrel 3 and a pressing plate 4, and both the mandrel 3 and the pressing plate 4 are of integral structure;

[0050] The front, middle and rear parts of the mandrel 3 are respectively coaxial first clamping part 301, first press-fitting part 302 and socket part 303;

[0051] A first central hole 304 is coaxially and horizontally penetrated in the front part of the first clamping part 301; A socket hole 305 is horizontally penetrated in the middle part of the first socket part 303, and the socket hole 305 extends forward and communicates with the first central hole 304; The outer diameter of the front part of the first press-fitting part 302 gradually increases, and the first press-fitting part forms an annular and vertical first press-fitting surface 306;

[0052] The side wall of the rear part of the 302 is formed with the outer wall of the socket part 303. The front, middle and rear parts of the pressing plate 4 are respectively coaxial inserting part 401, second press-fitting part 402 and second clamping part 403;

[0053] The front and rear parts of the second clamping part 403 are respectively coaxially and horizontally provided with a second central hole 404 and a third central hole 405, and both the second central hole 404 and the third central hole 405 are blind holes; The outer diameter of the rear part of the second press-fitting part 402 gradually decreases, and the front side wall of the first press-fitting part 302 and the outer wall of the inserting part 401 form an annular and vertical second press-fitting surface 406;

[0054] The outer diameter of the inserting part 401 matches the inner diameter of the socket hole 305, and the length of the inserting part 401 matches the depth of the socket hole 305;

[0055] The gear can be sleeved on the outer wall of the socket part 303 of the mandrel 3, and both sides of the gear can be respectively pressed by the first press-fitting surface 306 and the second press-fitting surface 406;

[0056] The three-jaw chuck 1 can respectively clamp the mandrel 3 and the pressing plate 4.

[0057] As a preferred solution, the front part of the first central hole 304 of the mandrel 3 is a conical surface-like structure with a larger front inner diameter and a smaller rear inner diameter;

[0058] The rear part of the second central hole 404 of the pressing plate 4 is a conical surface-like structure with a smaller front inner diameter and a larger rear inner diameter, and the front part of the third central hole 405 is a conical surface-like structure with a larger front inner diameter and a smaller rear inner diameter. It is convenient for later clamping.

[0059] A grinding method for a shaving fixture, which is based on the above shaving fixture, includes the following steps:

[0060] Step 0, determine the design requirements for the runout after the mandrel 3 and the pressing plate 4 are assembled;

[0061] In this embodiment, the total assembly technical requirement is that the runout shall not be greater than 0.005 mm.

[0062] Step 1, as Figure 4 shown, use the three-jaw chuck 1 to clamp the first clamping portion 301 of the mandrel 3, align the outer circle of the first press-fitting portion 302, and grind the outer circle of the socket portion 303, the first press-fitting surface 306, the socket hole 305, and the outer circle of the first press-fitting portion 302 until the mandrel 3 is removed after grinding is completed.

[0063] Step 2, as Figure 5 shown, use the three-jaw chuck 1 to clamp the perforated magnetic disk matching the specification of the mandrel 3, position it with the first press-fitting surface 306, and clamp the socket portion 303 of the mandrel 3 in the central hole of the perforated magnetic disk; align the outer circle of the first press-fitting portion 302 and grind the first central hole 304 until the mandrel 3 is removed after grinding is completed.

[0064] Step 3, as Figure 6 shown, use the three-jaw chuck 1 to clamp the second clamping portion 403 of the pressing plate 4, align the outer circle of the second press-fitting portion 402, and grind the second central hole 404 until the pressing plate 4 is removed after grinding is completed.

[0065] Step 4, as Figure 7 shown, use the three-jaw chuck 1 to clamp the insertion portion 401 of the pressing plate 4, align the outer circle of the second press-fitting portion 402, and remove the pressing plate 4 after grinding the third central hole 405.

[0066] Step 5, use the two centers of the machine tool to clamp the second central hole 404 and the third central hole 405 of the pressing plate 4, and grind the second press-fitting surface 406 of the pressing plate 4 and the outer circle of the insertion portion 401 until grinding is completed.

[0067] Step 6, connect the mandrel 3 and the pressing plate 4, respectively clamp the first central hole 304 and the third central hole 405 of the two on the two centers of the wobble meter, and use a dial indicator to measure whether the runout after the assembly of the mandrel 3 and the pressing plate 4 meets the design requirements.

[0068] If it meets the requirements, the grinding of the gear shaving fixture is completed.

[0069] If it does not meet the requirements, grind the first central hole 304 of the mandrel 3 according to Step 2, and then detect according to Step 6 until the runout meets the design requirements.

[0070] In Figure 8During this process, use a dial indicator to separately detect the runout of the outer circle ΦD of the mandrel 3, surface A, and surface B of the pressing plate 2. Two points need to be noted: 1. The assembly state of the shaving mandrel shall follow the general assembly drawing of the shaving fixture, that is, the distance between surface A and surface B is approximately equal to the length L of the workpiece 3. 2. During the rotation of the mandrel 3 or the pressing plate 4, the mandrel 3 and the pressing plate 4 need to be pulled simultaneously to both sides to eliminate the clearance, so that the center hole fits tightly with the tip of the yaw instrument to achieve positioning.

[0071] If it meets the requirements, the grinding of the shaving fixture is completed;

[0072] If it does not meet the requirements, repeat steps 1 - 6 until the runout after the assembly of the mandrel 3 and the pressing plate 4 meets the design requirements.

[0073] In step 1 of this embodiment, in step 1, the criteria for the completion of grinding of the first pressing surface 306, the socket hole 305, the outer circle of the socket part 303, and the outer circle of the first pressing part 302 are: ensure that the dimensional tolerance and roughness are not greater than 0.8um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm;

[0074] In step 2, the criteria for the completion of grinding of the first center hole 304 are: the roughness of the first center hole 304 is not greater than 0.4um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm;

[0075] In steps 3 and 4, the criteria for the completion of grinding of the second center hole 404 and the third center hole 405 are respectively: the roughness of both the second center hole 404 and the third center hole 405 is not greater than 0.4um, the runout is not greater than 0.002mm, and the roundness of the cross-section is not greater than 0.001mm;

[0076] In step 5, the criteria for the completion of grinding of the second pressing surface 406 are: the roughness is not greater than 0.4um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm.

[0077] In step 6, the criteria for the completion of grinding of the outer circle of the second pressing part 402 are: the roughness is not greater than 0.4um, and the roundness of the rear cross-section is not greater than 0.001mm.

[0078] In step 1 of this embodiment, in step 1, the circumferential speed of the grinding wheel is 35m / s, and the rotational speed of the three-jaw chuck 1 is 100 revolutions per minute;

[0079] In steps 2, 3, and 4, the rotational speed of the three-jaw chuck 1 used for grinding is 140 revolutions per minute;

[0080] In step 5, the circumferential speed of the grinding wheel is 35m / s, and the rotational speed of the three-jaw chuck 1 is 100 revolutions per minute.

[0081] In this embodiment, when connecting the mandrel 3 and the pressure plate 4, first measure the actual value of the aperture of the sleeved hole 305 of the mandrel 3, then grind the outer diameter of the insertion part 401 of the pressure plate 4 to be 0.003 mm smaller than the measured value, and then connect the mandrel 3 and the pressure plate 4.

[0082] If the mandrel 3 and the pressure plate 4 cannot be connected, continue to grind the outer diameter of the insertion part 401 of the pressure plate 4 with a feed rate of 0.001 mm until successful connection.

[0083] After using the method and device of this embodiment, when grinding the center hole of the mandrel 3, through the application of the perforated disk, the positioning is accurate, the clamping is reliable, and the processing efficiency is greatly improved. The original processing method generally takes 2 hours or even 4 hours, but now it only takes 5 minutes. The first-pass qualification rate of product grinding is 100%. The processing quality of the product is further improved, and the quality is effectively guaranteed. The general assembly technical requirement is that the runout is not more than 0.005 m, and the runout of this grinding method is not more than 0.003 mm. It lays a technological foundation for grinding similar products in the later stage.

Claims

1. A gear shaving fixture, comprising a three-jaw chuck (1) and a gear shaving fixture (2) for clamping a gear, wherein the gear shaving fixture (2) comprises a spindle (3) and a pressure plate (4), and is characterized in that: The mandrel (3) and the pressing plate (4) are both integrated structures; The front, middle and rear parts of the mandrel (3) are respectively a coaxial first clamping part (301), a first press-fitting part (302) and a sleeve connection part (303); The first clamping portion (301) has a first center hole (304) coaxially and horizontally through the front portion; the sleeve connection portion (303) has a horizontal through sleeve connection hole (305) in the middle portion, and the sleeve connection hole (305) extends forward to communicate with the first center hole (304); the outer diameter of the front portion of the first press-fitting portion (302) gradually increases from front to rear, and the rear end side wall of the first press-fitting portion (302) is a first press-fitting surface (306); The front, middle and rear parts of the pressing plate (4) are respectively a coaxial plug-in part (401), a second pressing part (402) and a second clamping part (403); The second clamping portion (403) at the front of the plug-in portion (401) and the rear portion thereof are coaxially and horizontally provided with a second center hole (404) and a third center hole (405), and both the second center hole (404) and the third center hole (405) are blind holes; the outer diameter of the rear portion of the second press-fitting portion (402) gradually decreases, and the front end side wall of the second press-fitting portion (402) is a second press-fitting surface (406); The outer diameter of the plug-in portion (401) matches the inner diameter of the sleeve hole (305), and the length of the plug-in portion (401) matches the depth of the sleeve hole (305); The outer wall of the sleeve portion (303) of the spindle (3) can be sleeved with the inner ring of the gear, and the first press-fit surface (306) and the second press-fit surface (406) can respectively press the two sides of the gear; The three-jaw chuck (1) can clamp the mandrel (3) and the pressure plate (4) respectively.

2. The gear shaving fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front portion of the first central hole (304) of the spindle (3) is a conical structure with a larger inner diameter at the front and a smaller inner diameter at the back. The rear part of the second center hole (404) of the pressing plate (4) is a conical structure with a smaller inner diameter at the front and a larger inner diameter at the back, and the front part of the third center hole (405) is a conical structure with a larger inner diameter at the front and a smaller inner diameter at the back.

3. A method for grinding a gear shaving fixture, the method being based on the gear shaving fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 0, determining the design requirements for the runout value after the mandrel (3) and the pressure plate (4) are assembled; Step 1, using a three-jaw chuck (1) to clamp the first clamping portion (301) of the mandrel (3), aligning the outer circle of the first press-fitting portion (302), grinding the outer circle of the sleeve portion (303), the first press-fitting surface (306), the sleeve hole (305) and the outer circle of the first press-fitting portion (302), until the grinding is completed and the mandrel (3) is removed; Step 2, using a three-jaw chuck (1) to clamp a magnetic disk with holes that matches the specifications of the spindle (3), positioning it with the first press-fit surface (306), and clamping the sleeve portion (303) of the spindle (3) into the center hole of the magnetic disk with holes; aligning the outer circle of the first press-fit portion (302), grinding the first center hole (304) until the grinding is completed, and then removing the spindle (3); Step 3, using the three-jaw chuck (1) to clamp the second clamping portion (403) of the pressing plate (4), aligning the outer circle of the second pressing portion (402), grinding the second center hole (404) until the grinding is completed, and then removing the pressing plate (4); Step 4, using the three-jaw chuck (1) to clamp the plug-in portion (401) of the pressing plate (4), aligning the outer circle of the second pressing portion (402), grinding the third center hole (405), and then removing the pressing plate (4); Step 5, using two top points of the machine tool to clamp the second center hole (404) and the third center hole (405) of the pressing plate (4), and grinding the second pressing surface (406) of the pressing plate (4) and the outer circle of the plug-in part (401) until the grinding is completed; Step 6, connecting the mandrel (3) and the pressing plate (4), clamping the first center hole (304) and the third center hole (405) of the two on the two tops of the yaw gauge respectively, and using a micrometer to measure whether the runout of the mandrel (3) and the pressing plate (4) after assembly meets the design requirements; If it meets the requirements, the grinding of the shaving fixture is completed; If not, grind the first center hole (304) of the mandrel (3) according to step 2, and then inspect according to step 6 until the runout meets the design requirements.

4. The method for grinding a gear shaving fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step 1, the first press-fit surface (306), the sleeve hole (305), the outer circle of the sleeve part (303) and the outer circle of the first press-fit part (302) are ground to the following standard: the dimensional tolerance and roughness are not greater than 0.8um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm; In step 2, the grinding completion standard of the first center hole (304) is: the roughness of the first center hole (304) is not greater than 0.4um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm; In steps 3 and 4, the grinding completion standards of the second center hole (404) and the third center hole (405) are: the roughness of the second center hole (404) and the third center hole (405) is not greater than 0.4um, the runout is not greater than 0.002mm, and the cross-sectional roundness is not greater than 0.001mm; In step 5, the grinding completion standard of the second press-fitting surface (406) is: the roughness is not greater than 0.4um, and the runout is not greater than 0.002mm.

5. The method for grinding a gear shaving fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: In step 1, the peripheral speed of the grinding wheel for grinding is 35 m / s, and the rotation speed of the three-jaw chuck (1) is 100 rpm; In steps 2, 3, and 4, the rotation speed of the three-jaw chuck (1) used for grinding is 140 rpm; In step 5, the peripheral speed of the grinding wheel for grinding is 35 m / s, and the rotation speed of the three-jaw chuck (1) is 100 rpm.

6. The method for grinding a gear shaving fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: When connecting the mandrel (3) and the pressing plate (4) in step 5, firstly, the diameter of the set hole (305) of the mandrel (3) is measured to obtain the measured value, and then the outer diameter of the plug-in portion (401) of the pressing plate (4) is ground to be 0.003 mm smaller than the measured value, and then the mandrel (3) and the pressing plate (4) are connected.

7. The method for grinding a gear shaving fixture according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step 5, if the mandrel (3) and the pressing plate (4) cannot be connected, the outer diameter of the plug-in portion (401) of the pressing plate (4) is continuously ground with a feed amount of 0.001 mm until the connection is successful.

Images