Preparation and use method of water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminating agent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out grafting composite modification on polyvinyl alcohol; and adding the modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol and a nano adsorbent decontamination aid into water, stirring, dissolving and dispersing to obtain an aqueous solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion to obtain the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant. The water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant is sprayed to a closed or open space polluted by radioactive aerosol at normal temperature by adopting a spraying machine, suppression and dust fall are carried out, the surface of a radioactive polluted material is naturally dried and cured into a film, the decontaminating film is stripped and recycled, and suppression and decontaminating are completed. The water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant disclosed by the invention has good flowability and sprayability, is suitable for closed and open spaces, is sprayed at normal temperature, and has excellent performance of suppressing and falling dust of radioactive pollutants; the detergent is high in drying, curing and film-forming speed and short in film-forming peelable time; the decontamination efficiency on radioactive contamination on the surfaces of different materials can reach 90% or above.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to a radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination material in the technical field of radioactive pollution treatment, disposal and management. More specifically, the present invention relates to a preparation and use method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination. Background Art

[0002] During the nuclear fuel cycle and the decommissioning of nuclear facilities, a large amount of radioactive aerosol pollution is inevitably generated. Radioactive aerosols can easily enter the human body through the respiratory system, causing serious radiation hazards to the human body. Currently, the radioactive aerosol purification technologies adopted at home and abroad mainly include physical filtration method, dry electrostatic precipitation method, bubbling washing method, atomization fixation method, oxidation electric field precipitation method, etc. The atomization fixation technology has been widely used in the treatment of aerosols and has broad development prospects due to its simple operation, convenient use, no need for operators to enter the polluted area for treatment, reduction of workers' radioactive exposure, and small amount of waste generated. However, most of the current suppression and dust reduction agents are difficult to recycle and degrade after use, bringing secondary pollution problems to the environment, which limits the use and development of aerosol suppression and dust reduction agents. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop an environmentally friendly and highly efficient suppression and dust reduction agent for adsorbing and suppressing radioactive aerosols. In addition, a large amount of surface radioactive pollution is also inevitably generated during the nuclear fuel cycle and the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. There are various technologies for surface radioactive pollution decontamination. Among them, the peelable film decontamination technology has certain advantages among many technical means due to its high decontamination rate, suppression effect on pollutants, prevention of secondary diffusion of pollutants, less waste generation, simple operation, and mechanized operation. However, the existing peelable film decontaminants still have disadvantages such as poor environmental applicability, slow curing and drying of aqueous decontaminants at room temperature, long film-forming time, poor peelability, low decontamination efficiency, and low recovery efficiency of decontamination films, and cannot meet the requirements of radioactive pollution decontamination. In order to achieve the dual goals of radioactive aerosol purification and surface radioactive pollution decontamination, the present invention uses environmentally degradable, environmentally friendly, and low-cost polyvinyl alcohol and natural biomass resources that are rich in resources, green and environmentally friendly, and degradable. Through grafting and composite modification, an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant with dual functions of radioactive aerosol suppression and purification and surface radioactive pollution decontamination is developed. The decontaminant has good fluidity, spraying property, dust reduction property, rapid curing, film-forming property, and peelability at room temperature; is applicable to closed and open spaces, has high suppression and dust reduction efficiency, high decontamination efficiency, and high recovery rate of decontamination films; the decontamination film is degradable, environmentally friendly, and avoids causing secondary pollution. The preparation process of the decontaminant is simple and the use is convenient, having unique advantages and broad application prospects in the treatment of radioactive pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0003] One object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and / or deficiencies and provide at least the advantages described hereinafter.

[0004] To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant for radioactive contamination suppression and decontamination is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0005] Step 1: grafting and compounding modification of polyvinyl alcohol to obtain modified polyvinyl alcohol;

[0006] Step 2: adding the modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, and nano adsorbent decontamination aid into water, stirring and dissolving and dispersing at a temperature of 65 - 95 °C for 0.1 - 1 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 10 - 20%, and performing ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant.

[0007] Preferably, in the step 1, the specific method of grafting and compounding modification of polyvinyl alcohol includes:

[0008] Adding polyvinyl alcohol and an anionic surfactant into water to prepare a solution, swelling fully for 30 - 60 min, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 1 - 15% of the total mass of the solution, and the anionic surfactant accounts for 0.1 - 1.0% of the total mass of the solution; then stirring and dissolving at 95 ± 5 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to 85 ± 5 °C, adding HCl solution to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈ 2, and continuing to stir for 15 - 45 min; then slowly adding fatty aldehydes with different carbon chain lengths dropwise into the solution according to the molar ratio of the hydroxyl group of polyvinyl alcohol to the aldehyde group of fatty aldehyde of 3:1 - 9:1, and continuing to react at 90 ± 5 °C for 30 - 40 min; reducing the temperature of the solution to 50 ± 5 °C, adding 20% NaOH solution until the pH ≈ 8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol, drying and pulverizing, and storing the pulverized solid product in a sealed manner for later use.

[0009] Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol is any one of polyvinyl alcohol 1799, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, polyvinyl alcohol 2099, polyvinyl alcohol 2488, polyvinyl alcohol 2088, and polyvinyl alcohol 2699.

[0010] Preferably, the anionic surfactant is any one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, α - olefin sulfonate, cetyl sulfonate, and sodium lignosulfonate.

[0011] Preferably, the fatty aldehydes with different carbon chain lengths are any one or two of octanal, nonanal, decanal, undecanal, lauraldehyde, tridecanal, and myristaldehyde.

[0012] Preferably, the nano adsorbent decontamination aid is one or more of nano silica, graphene oxide, nano zeolite, MXene, sodium alginate, lignin, cellulose and its derivatives, gellan gum, chitosan, konjac glucomannan, gelatin, covalent organic polymer COP S and one or more of plant polyphenols and biomass carbon adsorbents.

[0013] Preferably, the plant polyphenol is one or a mixture of two or more of tea polyphenols, myricetin tannin, gallic acid, oak cup tannin, tannic acid, and black wattle tannin.

[0014] Preferably, the biomass carbon adsorbent is lignin, cellulose, sodium alginate, chitosan, konjac glucomannan, starch, gelatin, gellan gum, and plant polyphenol biomass and its derivatives. The biomass carbon adsorbent is prepared by a metal salt-catalyzed low-temperature hydrothermal method (for the specific preparation method, see the Chinese invention patent with the application number ZL201610041624.7).

[0015] Preferably, in the second step, the weight ratio of the modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, and nano adsorbent decontamination aid is 9-1:1-9:0.001-0.01.

[0016] A method for using an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant, the method for using the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant includes: spraying the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant on a closed space contaminated with radioactive aerosol at room temperature by a spraying / fogging machine. After suppressing dust for 0.1-1 h, it is naturally dried and cured into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 0.5-4 h, and then the decontamination film is peeled off and recovered to complete the pressing decontamination process; the radioactive contaminated material is any one of stainless steel, plastic, glass, ceramic tile, alkyd paint board, and marble.

[0017] Among them, the anionic surfactant used in the second step is modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, and the preparation method of the modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate includes;

[0018] S11. Add sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) powder to deionized water at 40-50 °C and stir at 300-600 rpm until completely dissolved to obtain a 30 wt% SDBS solution;

[0019] S12. Dropwise add coconut oil amide propyl betaine (CAB) into the SDBS solution. After stirring, ultrasonically disperse it at 40 kHz for 30 min, heat it to 50 °C and keep it warm for 2 h; add sodium chloride and sodium citrate to adjust the pH to 6.0-7.5 to obtain a mixed solution; among them, the mass ratio of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to coconut oil amide propyl betaine is 15:1-5;

[0020] S13. Slowly add anhydrous ethanol with a volume 1 - 2 times that of the mixed solution, stir at a rate of 200 rpm, continue to add sodium chloride until the Na + concentration reaches 10% (w / w), centrifuge at 3000 - 4500 rpm for 10 - 15 min after standing for layering, collect the precipitate, and vacuum - dry the precipitate at 1.2 Pa and 50 °C to obtain modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0021] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] (1) Firstly, aiming at the problems of poor spraying property, long film - forming time, poor peelability, low recovery efficiency, and low decontamination efficiency of the existing polyvinyl alcohol film, through grafting and composite modification of polyvinyl alcohol, the film - forming time is shortened, its peelability and decontamination and recovery efficiency are improved, and the decontamination efficiency is enhanced. At room temperature, the decontaminant dries and solidifies into a film quickly, and the film - peeling time is less than 4 h; the film - forming property, peelability, and decontamination performance are excellent, and the decontamination efficiency for radioactive contamination on the surfaces of different materials can reach more than 90%; the recovery rate of the decontamination film is greater than 90%.

[0023] (2) For the reported polyvinyl alcohol - based decontaminant of the peelable film, the dust - falling efficiency is low and the function is single. Through the grafting and composite modification of polyvinyl alcohol with biomass materials and nano - adsorption, using the high - efficiency adsorption and capture ability of biomass materials and nano - materials for radionuclides, as well as the good film - forming property of polyvinyl alcohol, the adsorption, capture, dust - falling, and suppression abilities of the polyvinyl alcohol - based pressing decontaminant for radionuclides are improved, and a radioactive aerosol pressing decontaminant with good fluidity, spraying property, and high - efficiency pressing and dust - falling is developed. At room temperature, the pressing efficiency for radioactive aerosol is greater than 90% within 30 min.

[0024] (3) Polyvinyl alcohol and biomass materials have the characteristics of being biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and low - cost. Using biomass resources that are rich in resources, green, and biodegradable and polyvinyl alcohol, a water - based modified polyvinyl alcohol - based decontaminant with dual functions of radioactive aerosol pressing and purification and surface radioactive contamination decontamination is developed through grafting and composite modification. After completing the pressing decontamination function, the decontamination film can be recycled, biodegradable, and environmentally friendly, avoiding secondary pollution. The preparation process of the decontaminant is simple, easy to use, has high atomization and dust - falling and pressing decontamination efficiency, and has unique advantages and broad application prospects in the treatment of radioactive contamination.

[0025] (4) When grafting and composite - modifying polyvinyl alcohol in the present invention, a fatty aldehyde with a carbon chain length greater than 4 is used as the modifier, and the water - based modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant prepared by mixing the obtained modified polyvinyl alcohol with polyvinyl alcohol and a nano - adsorption decontamination aid has higher pressing sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency.

[0026] (5) In the present invention, the anionic surfactant is replaced by modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate obtained by compounding and modifying coconut oil amide propyl betaine and sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, which improves the surface activity of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. After applying the modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate to the grafting and compounding modification of polyvinyl alcohol, the pressing sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent are improved.

[0027] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be partially reflected by the following description and partially understood by those skilled in the art through the research and practice of the present invention. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0028] Figure 1 Variation of the pressing rate with time after the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based detergent prepared in Example 10 is sprayed in a closed space for different times;

[0029] Figure 2 Pressing rates of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based detergent prepared in Example 10 at 5 min, 10 min, and 15 min after being sprayed in a closed space;

[0030] Figure 3 Film-forming time and decontamination rate of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based detergent prepared in Example 10 when sprayed on different plates for radioactive uranium U(VI) contamination; Detailed Embodiments

[0031] The following further elaborates on the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, enabling those skilled in the art to implement it with reference to the written description of the specification.

[0032] It should be understood that terms such as "having", "comprising", and "including" used herein do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or their combinations.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] This example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based detergent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0035] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 1 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2699 and 0.1 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, add them to 98.9 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 30 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue stirring for about 15 min; then slowly add octanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) 3:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and seal and store the solid product for later use after crushing.

[0036] Step 2: Add 1 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 9 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1799, and 0.01 g of nano-silica decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 95 °C for 1 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 10%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0037] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination prepared in this example includes: spraying the decontamination agent on the enclosed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol with a spraying machine at room temperature. After suppressing the dust for 0.5 h, after naturally drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 3 h, peel and recover the decontamination film to complete the process of suppressing and decontaminating. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppressing sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the board before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppressing sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppressing sedimentation decontamination agent for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0038] Example 2:

[0039] This example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 2 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2699 and 0.2 g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, add them to 97.8 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 30 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue stirring for about 15 min; then slowly add octanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) 4:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and seal and store the solid product for later use after crushing.

[0041] Step 2: Add 8 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 2 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1799, and 0.02 g of nano-graphene oxide decontamination aid into water, stir and dissolve for dispersion at 95 °C for 1 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 15%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0042] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination prepared in this example includes: at room temperature, spray the decontamination agent on the enclosed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol using a spraying machine. After suppressing and settling the dust for 0.5 h, after natural drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 3 h, peel off and recover the decontamination film to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression and settlement, and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the board before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency shown in Table 1, the suppression and settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression and settlement decontamination agent for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0043] Example 3:

[0044] This example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0045] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2488 and 0.3 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, add them into 95.7 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 30 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, dropwise add 1:4 HCl solution to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue stirring for about 25 min; then slowly dropwise add nonanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) 4:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, dropwise add 20% NaOH solution to pH ≈8 to obtain a modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product in a sealed manner for later use after crushing.

[0046] Step 2: Add 7 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 3 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.03 g of nano-zeolite decontamination aid into water, stir and dissolve for dispersion at 85 °C for 0.9 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 15%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0047] The usage method of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in this example for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination includes spraying the decontaminant onto a closed or open space contaminated with radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing dust for 0.6 h, it is naturally dried and cured into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, and then the decontamination film is peeled off and recovered to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the board before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression sedimentation decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are obtained as shown in Table 1.

[0048] Example 4

[0049] This example discloses a preparation method of a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2488 and 0.4 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, add them to 93.6 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 40 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue stirring for about 25 min; then slowly add nonanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 5:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise until the pH ≈8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and seal and store the solid product for later use after crushing.

[0051] Step 2: Add 6 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.04 g of sodium alginate decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.9 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant.

[0052] The usage method of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in this example for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination includes spraying the decontaminant onto a closed or open space contaminated with radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing dust for 0.6 h, it is naturally dried and cured into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, and then the decontamination film is peeled off and recovered to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the board before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression sedimentation decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are obtained as shown in Table 1.

[0053] Example 5:

[0054] This embodiment discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0055] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 8 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2099 and 0.5 g of α-olefin sulfonate, add them to 91.5 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 40 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, dropwise add 1:4 HCl solution to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue to stir for about 25 min; then slowly dropwise add decanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 5:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, dropwise add 20% NaOH solution until the pH ≈8 to obtain a modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and seal and store the solid product for later use after crushing.

[0056] Step 2: Add 5 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2088, and 0.05 g of lignin decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 90 °C for 0.8 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant.

[0057] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination prepared in this embodiment includes spraying the decontaminant on a closed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing and settling dust for 0.4 h, after naturally drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 3.5 h, peel and recover the decontamination film to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression and settlement, and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the board before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression and settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression and settlement decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0058] Example 6

[0059] This embodiment discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0060] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 10 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2099 and 0.6 g of α-olefin sulfonate, add them to 89.4 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 50 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue to stir for about 35 min; then slowly add undecanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 6:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 40 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product sealed for later use after crushing.

[0061] Step 2: Add 4 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2088 and 0.06 g of chitosan decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 90 °C for 0.8 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0062] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination prepared in this example includes: spraying the decontamination agent on the closed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol with a spraying machine at room temperature, after suppressing and settling dust for 0.4 h, after naturally drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 3 h, stripping and recovering the decontamination film to complete the process of suppressing and decontaminating. By measuring the change in aerosol concentration before and after suppressing and settling, and the surface radioactive contamination activity of the plate surface before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of the settling efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppressing and settling efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppressing and settling decontamination agent for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0063] Example 7

[0064] This example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0065] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 12 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2088 and 0.7 g of cetyl sulfonate, add them to 87.3 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 30 - 60 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue to stir for about 35 min; then slowly add lauraldehyde to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 6:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 40 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product sealed for later use after crushing.

[0066] Step 2: Add 3 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 7 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2088, and 0.07 g of konjac glucomannan decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.7 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 17%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0067] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination prepared in this example includes: spraying the decontamination agent on the enclosed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol with a spraying machine at room temperature. After suppressing and settling the dust for 0.5 h, after natural drying and curing to form a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, peel off and recover the decontamination film to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression and settlement, and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression and settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression and settlement decontamination agent for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0068] Example 8

[0069] This example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0070] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 13 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2088 and 0.8 g of cetyl sulfonate, add them to 86.2 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 50 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue to stir for about 35 min; then slowly add tridecanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH: n-CHO) of 7:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 40 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain a modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product in a sealed manner for later use.

[0071] Step 2: Add 2 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 8 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2088, and 0.08 g of gelatin decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.7 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 18%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0072] The usage method of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in this example for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination includes: spraying the decontaminant on the enclosed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing dust for 0.4 h, after natural drying and curing to form a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 3.5 h, stripping and recovering the decontamination film to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression sedimentation decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0073] Example 9

[0074] This example discloses a preparation method of a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0075] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 14 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1799 and 0.9 g of sodium lignosulfonate, add them to 85.1 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 60 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue to stir for about 40 min; then slowly add myristaldehyde to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) 8:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 40 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise until the pH ≈ 8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product sealed for later use after crushing.

[0076] Step 2: Add 9 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 1 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1799, and 0.09 g of covalent organic polymer (COP S ) decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 95 °C for 0.6 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 19%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant.

[0077] The usage method of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in this example for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination includes: spraying the decontaminant on the enclosed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing dust for 0.5 h, after natural drying and curing to form a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, stripping and recovering the decontamination film to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression sedimentation decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0078] Example 10

[0079] This embodiment discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination, including the following steps:

[0080] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 15 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1799 and 1.0 g of sodium lignosulfonate, add them to 84 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 60 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and the temperature is lowered to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue to stir for about 45 min; then slowly add myristaldehyde dropwise to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 9:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 40 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain a modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product in a sealed manner for later use after crushing.

[0081] Step 2: Add 9 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 1 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.1 g of tea polyphenol decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 95 °C for 0.6 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 20%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant.

[0082] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination prepared in this embodiment includes: spraying the decontaminant on a closed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol at room temperature with a spraying machine, after suppressing and reducing dust for 0.6 h, after naturally drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 3 h, stripping and recovering the decontamination film to complete the process of suppressing and decontaminating.

[0083] Example 11

[0084] This embodiment discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination, including the following steps:

[0085] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2488 and 0.4 g of modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, add them to 93.6 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 40 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and the temperature is lowered to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue to stir for about 25 min; then slowly add nonanal dropwise to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 5:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain a modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product in a sealed manner for later use after crushing.

[0086] Among them, the preparation method of modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate includes;

[0087] S11. Add 30 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) powder into 70 mL of deionized water at 40 °C, and stir at 300 rpm until completely dissolved to obtain an SDBS solution;

[0088] S12. Dropwise add 8 g of cocamidopropyl betaine into the SDBS solution. After stirring, disperse it by ultrasonic wave at 40 kHz for 30 min, heat up to 50 °C and keep it warm for 2 h; add sodium chloride and sodium citrate to adjust the pH to 7 to obtain a mixed solution;

[0089] S13. Slowly add 100 mL of absolute ethanol into the mixed solution, stir at a rate of 200 rpm, and continue to add sodium chloride until the concentration of Na + reaches 10% (w / w). After standing for stratification and centrifugation (3000 rpm, 10 min), collect the precipitate, and vacuum dry it at 1.2 Pa and 50 °C to obtain modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

[0090] Step 2: Add 6 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.04 g of sodium alginate decontamination aid into water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.9 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0091] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination prepared in this example includes spraying the decontamination agent on the closed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol at normal temperature by a spraying machine. After suppressing and settling dust for 0.6 h, after naturally drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, peel off and recover the decontamination film to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression and settlement, and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the board before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression and settlement efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression and settlement decontamination agent for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0092] Comparative Example 1

[0093] This comparative example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0094] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2488 and 0.4 g of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, add them to 93.6 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 40 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue stirring for about 25 min; then slowly add butyraldehyde to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol:butyraldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 5:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product in a sealed manner for later use after crushing.

[0095] Step 2: Add 6 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.04 g of sodium alginate decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.9 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0096] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent prepared in this comparative example for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination includes spraying the decontamination agent on a closed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol with a spraying machine at room temperature. After suppressing dust for 0.6 h, after naturally drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, peel and recover the decontamination film to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression and sedimentation, and the surface radioactive contamination activity of the plate surface before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression and sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression and sedimentation decontamination agent for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0097] Comparative Example 2

[0098] This comparative example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination, including the following steps:

[0099] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2488 and 0.4 g of sodium stearate, add them to 93.6 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 40 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue stirring for about 25 min; then slowly add nonanal to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol:fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) of 5:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain the modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and store the solid product in a sealed manner for later use after crushing.

[0100] Step 2: Add 6 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.04 g of sodium alginate decontamination aid into water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.9 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0101] The usage method of the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent prepared in this comparative example for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination includes spraying the decontamination agent on a closed or open space contaminated with radioactive aerosol by a spraying machine at room temperature. After suppressing dust for 0.6 h, after natural drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, peel and recover the decontamination film to complete the process of suppressing and decontaminating. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppressing sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency in Table 1, the suppressing sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppressing sedimentation decontamination agent for radioactive aerosol are shown in Table 1.

[0102] Comparative Example 3

[0103] This comparative example discloses a preparation method of an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination, including the following steps:

[0104] Step 1: Graft modification of polyvinyl alcohol: Weigh 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2488 and 0.4 g of sodium oleate, add them into 93.6 mL of water to prepare a solution, and fully swell for about 40 min; then stir and dissolve at 95 °C; after it is completely dissolved and cooled to about 85 °C, add 1:4 HCl solution dropwise to adjust the pH of the solution to ≈2, and continue stirring for about 25 min; then slowly add nonanal dropwise to the solution according to the ratio of polyvinyl alcohol: fatty aldehyde (n-OH:n-CHO) 5:1, and continue to react at 90 °C for 30 min; lower the solution temperature to about 50 °C, add 20% NaOH solution dropwise to pH ≈8 to obtain a modified polyvinyl alcohol product, dry and crush it, and seal and store the solid product after crushing for later use.

[0105] Step 2: Add 6 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol, 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.04 g of sodium alginate decontamination aid into water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.9 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontamination agent.

[0106] The usage method of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in this comparative example for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination includes spraying the decontaminant onto a closed or open space contaminated with radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing dust for 0.6 h, it is naturally dried and cured into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, and then the decontamination film is peeled off and recovered to complete the process of suppressing and decontaminating. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppressing sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppressing sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppressing sedimentation decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are obtained as shown in Table 1.

[0107] Comparative Example 4

[0108] This comparative example discloses a preparation method of a polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination, including:

[0109] Add 6 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2488, 4 g of polyvinyl alcohol 1788, and 0.04 g of sodium alginate decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 85 °C for 0.9 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant.

[0110] The usage method of the polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in this comparative example for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination includes spraying the decontaminant onto a closed or open space contaminated with radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing dust for 0.6 h, it is naturally dried and cured into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 4 h, and then the decontamination film is peeled off and recovered to complete the process of suppressing and decontaminating. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppressing sedimentation and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppressing sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppressing sedimentation decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are obtained as shown in Table 1.

[0111] Comparative Example 5

[0112] This comparative example discloses a preparation method of a polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination, including:

[0113] Add 5 g of modified polyvinyl alcohol 2099, 5 g of polyvinyl alcohol 2088, and 0.05 g of lignin decontamination aid to water, stir and dissolve and disperse at 90 °C for 0.8 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 16%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant.

[0114] The method for using the polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in this comparative example for radioactive pollution suppression and decontamination includes spraying the decontaminant on a closed or open space contaminated by radioactive aerosol at room temperature using a spraying machine. After suppressing dust for 0.4 h, after natural drying and curing into a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 3.5 h, the decontamination film is peeled off and recovered to complete the process of suppression and decontamination. By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression and sedimentation, and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency as shown in Table 1, the suppression and sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of this suppression and sedimentation decontaminant for radioactive aerosol are obtained as shown in Table 1.

[0115] By measuring the changes in aerosol concentration before and after suppression and sedimentation, and the radioactive contamination activity on the surface of the plate before and after decontamination, according to the calculation formulas of sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency:

[0116]

[0117] The suppression and sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminants prepared in each example and comparative example for radioactive aerosol are obtained as shown in Table 1:

[0118] Table 1

[0119] Suppression sedimentation efficiency (%) Detergency efficiency (%) Example 1 91.47 93.86 Example 2 93.62 94.49 Example 3 92.44 94.07 Example 4 96.85 96.89 Example 5 94.64 95.26 Example 6 92.15 93.61 Example 7 92.93 94.40 Example 8 95.35 95.74 Example 9 91.03 93.38 Example 10 92.71 93.92 Example 11 98.49 99.03 Comparative Example 1 65.22 60.72 Comparative Example 2 75.84 73.29 Comparative Example 3 71.36 68.55 Comparative Example 4 58.36 60.27 Comparative Example 5 53.40 54.18

[0120] As can be seen from Table 1, the suppression and sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminants prepared in Examples 1 - 11 for radioactive aerosol can both reach over 90%. Among them, the suppression and sedimentation efficiency and decontamination efficiency of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared using modified sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate 11 in Example can reach 98% and over 99% respectively, which are significantly better than those in Examples 1 - 10 and Comparative Examples 1 - 5.

[0121] From Figure 1 it can be seen that the suppression rate of the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in Example 10 for dust increases with time, and 80% suppression can be achieved in 10 min, while complete suppression takes 40 min;

[0122] From Figure 2 it can be seen that after the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol-based decontaminant prepared in Example 10 has sedimented for 5 min, the suppression rates after spraying for 10 s, 20 s, 30 s, and 40 s are 63.19%, 81.70%, 88.69%, and 90.88% respectively, and only 2.19% is increased from 30 s to 40 s; after sedimenting for 15 min, the suppression rates of 30 s and 40 s are similar, being 93.34% and 93.59% respectively. Based on the balance between efficiency and cost, a spraying time of 30 s is determined for subsequent experiments;

[0123] Figure 3Among them, OG is a glass plate, MA is a marble plate, CT is a ceramic plate, and SS is a stainless steel plate. From Figure 3 It can be seen that the contaminated sample plates have little influence on the film-forming time, and the film-forming time is about 3 h, and the decontamination efficiency is above 90%.

[0124] The equipment quantity and treatment scale described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention. The applications, modifications, and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0125] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. It can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily achieved. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrated examples described herein.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: grafting and composite modification of polyvinyl alcohol to obtain modified polyvinyl alcohol; Step 2: Add modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol, and nano-adsorbent detergent to water, stir and dissolve at 65-95° C. for 0.1-1 h to prepare an aqueous solution with a solid content of 10-20%, and perform ultrasonic dispersion treatment to obtain a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent.

2. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 1, the specific method of polyvinyl alcohol grafting composite modification includes: Add polyvinyl alcohol and anionic surfactant into water to prepare a solution, fully swell for 30 to 60 minutes, wherein the polyvinyl alcohol accounts for 1 to 15% of the total mass of the solution, and the anionic surfactant accounts for 0.1 to 1.0% of the total mass of the solution; then stir and dissolve at 95±5°C; after the solution is completely dissolved and cooled to 85±5°C, HCl solution is added dropwise to adjust the pH value of the solution to 2, and stirring is continued for 15 to 45 minutes; then fatty aldehydes with different carbon chain lengths are slowly added dropwise to the solution according to a molar ratio of 3:1 to 9:1 between the hydroxyl group of polyvinyl alcohol and the aldehyde group of fatty aldehyde, and the reaction is continued at 90±5°C for 30 to 40 minutes; the solution temperature is lowered to 50±5°C, 20% NaOH solution is added dropwise to a pH value of 8 to obtain modified polyvinyl alcohol, and the solution is dried and crushed, and the solid product is crushed and sealed for storage.

3. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 2, characterized in that: The polyvinyl alcohol is any one of polyvinyl alcohol 1799, polyvinyl alcohol 1788, polyvinyl alcohol 2099, polyvinyl alcohol 2488, polyvinyl alcohol 2088, and polyvinyl alcohol 2699.

4. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 2, characterized in that: The anionic surfactant is any one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, α-olefin sulfonate, hexadecyl sulfonate, and sodium lignin sulfonate.

5. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fatty aldehydes with different carbon chain lengths are any one or two of octanal, nonanal, decanal, undecanal, lauric aldehyde, tridecanal and myristic aldehyde.

6. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano-adsorbent decontamination aid is nano-silicon dioxide, graphene oxide, nano-zeolite, MXene, sodium alginate, lignin, cellulose and its derivatives, gellan gum, chitosan, konjac glucomannan, gelatin, covalent organic polymer COP S , plant polyphenols and biomass carbon adsorbents.

7. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 6, characterized in that: The plant polyphenols are one or a mixture of two or more of tea polyphenols, bayberry tannin, gallic acid, tannin from cassia bark, tannic acid and black thorn tannin.

8. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 6, characterized in that: The biomass carbon adsorbent is lignin, cellulose, sodium alginate, chitosan, konjac glucomannan, starch, gelatin, gellan gum and plant polyphenol biomass and derivatives thereof, and the biomass carbon adsorbent is prepared by a metal salt catalyzed low-temperature hydrothermal method.

9. The method for preparing the aqueous modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the weight ratio of the modified polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol and nano-adsorbent decontamination aid is 9-1:1-9:0.001-0.

01.

10. A method for using a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent, wherein the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent is prepared by the method for preparing a water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol detergent for suppressing and decontaminating radioactive contamination according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The method for using the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant comprises: spraying the water-based modified polyvinyl alcohol decontaminant in a closed space contaminated by radioactive aerosols by using a sprayer / fog machine at room temperature, suppressing dust reduction for 0.1 to 1 hour, naturally drying and solidifying to form a film on the surface of the radioactive contaminated material for 0.5 to 4 hours, peeling off and recovering the decontamination film, and completing the pressing and decontamination process; the radioactive contaminated material is any one of stainless steel, plastic, glass, ceramic tile, alkyd paint board, and marble.

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