Ecological energy dissipation group device and method based on 3D printing spillway model

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic model experiments, and particularly provides an ecological energy dissipation set device and method based on a 3D printing spillway model.The ecological energy dissipation set device comprises a fish scale-shaped water flow stabilizing assembly installed on a slope section of the spillway model.The fish scale-shaped water flow stabilizing assembly comprises an installation base, and a plurality of fish scale modules are assembled on the installation base; the fish scale module comprises a module seat, the module seat is provided with an arc groove for installing a fish scale block, the upstream end of the arc groove is provided with a rotating shaft, the upstream end of the fish scale block is rotatably installed on the rotating shaft, and the tilting height of the downstream end of the fish scale block is adjusted by rotating the fish scale block relative to the rotating shaft. The device adopts a fish scale energy dissipation structure, the water flow state is changed, and meanwhile the energy dissipation height can be adjusted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic model experiments, and particularly relates to an ecological energy dissipation group device and method based on a 3D printed spillway model. Background Art

[0002] Aiming at the problem of difficult switching of the energy dissipation scheme for traditional 3D printed spillway models, a modular ecological energy dissipation device is proposed. Currently, in hydraulic experiments, an experimental method of making physical models using 3D printing technology and combining numerical simulations to carry out multi-scheme verification has emerged. However, physical models have defects such as a single energy dissipation mode and time-consuming and laborious replacement of energy dissipation components. Most traditional energy dissipation structures are fixed and pasted designs, which require synchronous integrated printing or later cutting and installation, and cannot quickly switch experimental schemes.

[0003] Patent CN119507387A discloses a J-shaped side-channel spillway structure with a reflux type energy dissipation structure and its usage method. The reflux type energy dissipation structure of this patent includes an arc-shaped side-channel overflow weir, an arc-shaped side-channel bottom plate, arc-shaped side-channel side walls, a 7-shaped energy dissipation top plate, trapezoidal energy dissipation piers, an upstream retaining wall of the arc-shaped side channel, an adjustment section before the discharge chute, and a discharge chute section. The upstream end of the adjustment section before the discharge chute is tangent to the arc-shaped side channel. The 7-shaped energy dissipation top plate is located at the top of the side-channel side wall. The J-shaped layout can better adapt to relatively steep slope terrains, avoid the generation of high-excavation slopes while increasing the overflow front length, and increase the discharge capacity of the side-channel spillway. Although this invention can effectively reduce the side-channel depth, lower the height of the side-channel side wall on the mountain side, and the returned water flow and the water flow discharged from the arc-shaped side-channel overflow weir cancel each other out after impact, achieving the effects of energy dissipation and adjusting the flow pattern of the water flow out of the trough, it is not suitable for hydraulic model experiments. Especially under the premise of popularizing 3D printing technology, its convenience and operability are limited, and it is not suitable for quickly switching multiple experimental schemes. For the energy dissipation measures of the spillway, only the side-channel side wall is adopted in this patent. When most energy dissipation basins are dissipating energy, the energy dissipation piers will play the main energy dissipation function. Therefore, when conducting hydraulic model experiments, the focus should be on the energy dissipation pier plates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ecological energy dissipation group device and method based on a 3D printed spillway model, which adopts a fish-scale energy dissipation structure to change the water flow pattern and can adjust the energy dissipation height at the same time.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows: An ecological energy dissipation group device based on a 3D printed spillway model, including a fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component installed on the slope section of the flood discharge channel model. The fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component includes an installation base, and a number of fish-scale modules are assembled on the installation base. The fish-scale module includes a module seat, and an arc groove for installing fish-scale blocks is provided on the module seat. A rotating shaft is provided at the upstream end of the arc groove, and the upstream end of the fish-scale block is rotatably installed on the rotating shaft. The lifting height of the downstream end of the fish-scale block is adjusted by rotating the fish-scale block relative to the rotating shaft.

[0006] In a preferred solution, a limiting device for limiting the fish-scale block is provided on the module seat. The limiting device includes a chuck, an operation key is provided on the chuck, a moving groove for the operation key to move up and down is provided on the module seat, a moving cavity communicating with the moving groove is provided in the module seat, the chuck and the moving seat are arranged in the moving cavity, a through hole for the chuck to pass through is provided on the side wall of the arc groove, and a spring is provided at the bottom of the moving seat for jacking up the moving seat upward. A number of bayonets for cooperating with the chuck are arranged along the rotation trajectory at the bottom of the fish-scale block.

[0007] In a preferred solution, a top cover is provided at the outlet of the moving cavity, and the moving groove is provided on the top cover.

[0008] In a preferred solution, a triangular pyramid plate is provided at the bottom of the moving seat, and the spring is provided at the bottom of the triangular pyramid plate.

[0009] In a preferred solution, it includes a side wall water flow stabilizing component arranged downstream of the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component. The side wall water flow stabilizing component is arranged at the side wall position of the bend of the flood discharge channel model. The side wall water flow stabilizing component includes a first circular arc block closely attached to the side wall. A second circular arc block and a third circular arc block are sequentially arranged inside the first circular arc block. Grooves are provided on the inner sides of the first circular arc block and the second circular arc block. The second circular arc block is installed in the groove on the inner side of the first circular arc block, and the third circular arc block is installed in the groove on the inner side of the second circular arc block. The upstream ends of the first circular arc block, the second circular arc block and the third circular arc block are connected by a pin shaft, and the second circular arc block and the third circular arc block are rotated into or out of the groove by rotating around the pin shaft.

[0010] In a preferred solution, limiting grooves are provided at the downstream ends of the second circular arc block and the third circular arc block. After the second circular arc block and the third circular arc block are rotated out of the groove, the second circular arc block and the third circular arc block are limited by inserting a pin block into the limiting groove.

[0011] In a preferred solution, an energy dissipation switching component is arranged downstream of the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component. The energy dissipation switching component is arranged in the stilling basin of the flood discharge channel model. The energy dissipation switching component includes a number of polygon modules, the gaps between the polygon modules are filled by filling modules, slots are provided on the polygon modules, and the energy dissipation pier component is inserted into the slots.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the energy dissipation pier assembly includes a rectangular pier and a T-shaped pier. The lower ends of the rectangular pier and the T-shaped pier are inserted into the slot, and the slot is a "T" - shaped groove. The slot is arranged to avoid being inclined so that the cross-section of the slot gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, the polygonal module is a hexagonal structure, and the filling module is a triangular structure.

[0014] The present invention also provides an operation method for an ecological energy dissipation group device based on a 3D printed spillway model, including the following steps: Step 1: After completing the 3D printing of the spillway model, assemble the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilization components on the slope section of the spillway model, install the side-wall water flow stabilization components at the side-wall position, and assemble the energy dissipation switching components in the stilling basin. Step 2: Pull down the chuck to release the limit on the fish-scale block, rotate the fish-scale block, adjust the height of the tail of the fish-scale block. After the adjustment is completed, release the downward pull on the chuck. Under the action of the spring, the chuck extends into the bayonet at the bottom of the fish-scale block to limit the rotation of the bayonet. Step 3: Pull out the second arc-shaped block and / or the third arc-shaped block from the corresponding groove, and complete the limit on the second arc-shaped block and / or the third arc-shaped block by inserting the pin block into the limit groove.

[0015] An ecological energy dissipation group device and method based on a 3D printed spillway model provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects: 1. Reserve grooves in the spillway model for installing the ecological energy dissipation group device, and improve the water flow pattern through the transformable fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilization components and the side-wall water flow stabilization components that can be screwed in or out.

[0016] 2. Flexibly move and combine the energy dissipation switching components composed of the polygonal module and the filling module in the stilling basin to change the energy dissipation scheme, and use the mortise and tenon structure to fix the energy dissipation piers.

[0017] 3. This ecological energy dissipation group device saves a large amount of experimental time and experimental costs, and can quickly obtain measures to improve the water flow pattern suitable for the original project and an energy dissipation scheme that meets the requirements. Description of the Drawings

[0018] The following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilization components; Figure 2 It is a partial top view of the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilization components; Figure 3 It is a schematic installation structure diagram of the limiting device; Figure 4 Internal schematic diagram of the limiting device; Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the bayonet on the fish scale block; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the side wall water flow stabilizing assembly; Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the structure of the energy dissipation switching assembly; Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the energy dissipation pier assembly; Figure 9 Overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 10 Schematic diagram of numerical simulation using FLOW-3D with a flow rate of 4000 m 3 / s; Figure 11 Schematic diagram of numerical simulation using FLOW-3D with a flow rate of 5000 m 3 / s; Figure 12 Schematic diagram of numerical simulation using FLOW-3D with a flow rate of 8000 m 3 / s; In the figure: flood discharge channel model 100, side wall 110, stilling basin 120, slope section 130; Fish scale-shaped water flow stabilizing assembly 200, installation base 210, module seat 220, arc groove 221, moving groove 222, moving cavity 223, top cover 224, fish scale block 230, bayonet 231, rotating shaft 240, limiting device 250, chuck 251, operation key 252, moving seat 253, spring 254, triangular pyramid plate 255; Side wall water flow stabilizing assembly 300, first circular arc block 310, second circular arc block 320, third circular arc block 330, groove 340, pin shaft 350, limiting groove 360; Energy dissipation switching assembly 400, polygonal module 410, slot 411, filling module 420, energy dissipation pier assembly 430, rectangular pier 431, T-shaped pier 432. Detailed implementation manners

[0020] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and more understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0021] Embodiment 1: As Figures 1 - 5 And Figure 9As shown in the figure, an ecological energy dissipation group device based on a 3D printed spillway model includes a fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component 200 installed on the slope section 130 of the flood discharge channel model 100, and the installation direction conforms to the water flow direction. The fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component 200 includes an installation base 210, and a number of fish-scale modules are assembled on the installation base 210. The fish-scale module includes a module seat 220, and an arc groove 221 for installing the fish-scale block 230 is provided on the module seat 220. A rotating shaft 240 is provided at the upstream end of the arc groove 221, and the upstream end of the fish-scale block 230 is rotatably installed on the rotating shaft 240. The height of the downstream end of the fish-scale block 230 is adjusted by rotating the fish-scale block 230 relative to the rotating shaft 240. To ensure that the fish-scale block 230 can rotate with the rotating shaft 240 as the base point at the tail to ensure normal height adjustment of the module.

[0022] In this model experiment, the depth of the installation base 210 is 20 cm, the width is the same as that of the slope section 130, and the length extends from the top of the steep slope to the bottom of the steep slope.

[0023] Preferably, a limiting device 250 for limiting the fish-scale block 230 is provided on the module seat 220 to ensure that the fish-scale block 230 can remain stable under the impact of water flow. The limiting device 250 includes a chuck 251, an operation key 252 is provided on the chuck 251, a moving groove 222 for the operation key 252 to move up and down is provided on the module seat 220, a moving cavity 223 communicating with the moving groove 222 is provided in the module seat 220, the chuck 251 and the moving seat 253 are arranged in the moving cavity 223, a through hole for the chuck 251 to pass through is provided on the side wall of the arc groove 221, and a spring 254 is provided at the bottom of the moving seat 253 for pushing the moving seat 253 upward. A number of notches 231 cooperating with the chuck 251 are arranged along the rotation trajectory at the bottom of the fish-scale block 230.

[0024] In this embodiment, as Figure 5 shown, three groups of notches 231 are provided. When the tail of the fish-scale block 230 rotates to different heights, they are divided into the first gear to the third gear from low to high in height. The chuck 251 is inserted into the corresponding notch 231, which can meet the adjustment requirements of different heights, and further achieve the purpose of multi-scheme design.

[0025] Furthermore, a top cover 224 is provided at the outlet of the moving cavity 223, and the moving groove 222 is arranged on the top cover 224. By providing the top cover 224, it is convenient to install or remove the chuck 251, and at the same time, the spring 254 is restricted to move within the moving cavity 223.

[0026] A triangular pyramid plate 255 is provided at the bottom of the moving seat 253, and the spring 254 is arranged at the bottom of the triangular pyramid plate 255.

[0027] The triangular pyramid plate 255 can ensure the stable compression of the spring 254 while saving physical strength for the operator during operation and ensuring that the spring 6 moves within the specified area.

[0028] Embodiment 2: Based on Embodiment 1, as Figure 9 and Figure 6 shown, it includes a sidewall water flow stabilization component 300 provided downstream of the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilization component 200. For the sidewall water flow stabilization component, before 3D printing the sidewall, a part needs to be reserved at the sidewall 110 for installation.

[0029] The sidewall water flow stabilization component 300 is arranged at the position of the sidewall 110 at the bend of the flood discharge channel model 100. The sidewall water flow stabilization component 300 includes a first circular arc block 310 closely attached to the sidewall 110. A second circular arc block 320 and a third circular arc block 330 are sequentially arranged inside the first circular arc block 310. Grooves 340 are provided inside both the first circular arc block 310 and the second circular arc block 320. The second circular arc block 320 is installed in the groove 340 inside the first circular arc block 310, and the third circular arc block 330 is installed in the groove 340 inside the second circular arc block 320. The upstream ends of the first circular arc block 310, the second circular arc block 320, and the third circular arc block 330 are connected by a pin shaft 350. The second circular arc block 320 and the third circular arc block 330 are rotated into or out of the groove 340 by rotating around the pin shaft 350.

[0030] Limit slots 360 are provided at the downstream ends of the second circular arc block 320 and the third circular arc block 330. After the second circular arc block 320 and the third circular arc block 330 are rotated out of the groove 340, the second circular arc block 320 and the third circular arc block 330 are limited by inserting a pin block into the limit slot 360.

[0031] The second circular arc block 320 and the third circular arc block 330 can be rotated and pulled out. After being pulled out, a pin block is inserted into the corresponding end limit slot 360 for fixation, so as to achieve the purpose of adjustment.

[0032] Preferably, as Figures 7 - 8 shown, an energy dissipation switching component 400 is provided downstream of the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilization component 200. The energy dissipation switching component 400 is arranged in the stilling basin 120 of the flood discharge channel model 100. The energy dissipation switching component 400 is arranged in a rectangular groove with a design depth of not less than 20 cm in the stilling basin 120. Its length is taken as 4 / 5 of the length of the shortest cross-sectional central axis, and the width is 4 / 5 of the width of the stilling basin. The covered area accounts for more than 80% of the surface of the stilling basin, so as to maximize the energy dissipation area and ensure the reliability of the experiment.

[0033] The energy dissipation switching component 400 includes a number of polygonal modules 410. The gaps between the polygonal modules 410 are filled by filling modules 420. The polygonal modules 410 are provided with slots 411, and the energy dissipation pier components 430 are inserted into the slots 411. The insertion depth of the energy dissipation pier components 430 is 1 / 2 of the total height of the components.

[0034] The energy dissipation pier components 430 include a rectangular pier 431 and a T-shaped pier 432. The lower ends of the rectangular pier 431 and the T-shaped pier 432 are inserted into the slots 411. The slots 411 are "T"-shaped grooves, and the slots 411 are arranged to avoid being inclined so that the cross-section of the slots 411 gradually becomes smaller from top to bottom. The slots 411 cooperate with the energy dissipation pier components 430 to form a mortise and tenon structure, thereby enhancing the flood resistance of the model during testing. The inclined design of the inner wall of the slots 411 facilitates the inclined insertion of the energy dissipation pier components, making it more suitable for the realization of the mortise and tenon structure.

[0035] In this embodiment, the polygonal module 410 is a hexagonal structure, and the filling module 420 is a triangular structure. The gaps between different hexagonal blocks are filled with triangular blocks to enhance the stability of the overall structure.

[0036] The water flow discharged from the spillway gate enters the stilling basin and needs to dissipate energy. Therefore, a T-shaped pier 432 is provided on the energy dissipation switching component 400 to achieve the purpose of energy dissipation, so that the water flow flows out of the spillway at a lower flow rate, reducing the damage to the hydraulic structure while achieving the energy dissipation effect.

[0037] The energy dissipation pier components are connected to the slots 411 through a mortise and tenon structure, and the mortise and tenon structure can include various cooperation forms. In this embodiment, the preferred solution is to provide plugs at the bottom of the energy dissipation pier components that cooperate with the slots 411, and the mortise and tenon connection is fixed through the cooperation between the plugs and the inner bottom wall of the slots. In addition, this embodiment is not limited to providing plugs or sockets in all directions of the energy dissipation pier components to cooperate with the slots to achieve mortise and tenon connection and fixation.

[0038] An operation method of an ecological energy dissipation group device based on a 3D printed spillway model includes the following steps: Step 1: After completing the 3D printing of the spillway model 100, assemble the fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilization components 200 on the slope section of the spillway model 100, install the side wall water flow stabilization components 300 at the position of the side wall 110, and assemble the energy dissipation switching components 400 in the stilling basin 120; Step 2: Pull down the chuck 251 to release the limit on the fish-scale block 230, rotate the fish-scale block 230, adjust the height of the tail of the fish-scale block 230. After the adjustment is completed, release the downward pull on the chuck 251. Under the action of the spring 254, the chuck 251 extends into the bayonet 231 at the bottom of the fish-scale block 230 to limit the rotation of the bayonet 231; Step 3: Pull out the second arc-shaped block 320 or / and the third arc-shaped block 330 from the corresponding groove 340, and complete the limit of the second arc-shaped block 320 or / and the third arc-shaped block 330 by inserting the pin block into the limit groove 360.

[0039] Embodiment 3: In this embodiment, the global scale of the physical model experiment is 1:50, and the calculated values of the scale conversions of the main physical quantities are shown in Table 1.

[0040]

[0041] An experiment is conducted on the energy dissipation efficiency of the energy dissipation group, and the energy dissipation rate is calculated according to the following formula: ; where E 1 is the total energy at the inlet of the energy dissipation facility; E 2 is the total energy at the outlet of the energy dissipation facility; For E 1 and E 2 , the calculation formulas are as follows:

[0042]

[0043] H 1 is the inlet water level; H 2 is the outlet water level; V 1 is the inlet flow velocity; V 2 is the outlet flow velocity; To analyze the energy dissipation situation, the energy dissipation rates of each working condition are calculated and analyzed. The total energy dissipation rate K of the spillway can be obtained by K = (E 1 - E 2 ) / E 1 .

[0044] Through physical model experiments, the energy dissipation efficiencies under 5 different flow rates are respectively experimented, and the specific energy dissipation rate data obtained are as follows in the table:

[0045] It can be seen from the above physical model experiments that the energy dissipation rates of the 5 working conditions in the experiment all exceed 80%, further proving the feasibility of the energy dissipation scheme.

[0046] Secondly, numerical simulation experiments on the water flow pattern are carried out using FLOW-3D, and the flow rates of 4000 m 3 / s, 6000 m 3 / s, 8000 m 3 / s, the water flow patterns under three large flow conditions. In this numerical simulation, all 230 fish-scale blocks are raised by one gear, all the side-wall water flow stabilizing components 300 are pulled out, and the energy dissipation switching component 400 is arranged in the same way as in the physical model.

[0047] It can be seen from Figure 10 that when the flow rate is 4000 m 3 / s, in the case of the flow rate in the slope section 130, the water flow pattern significantly shows a layered state, indicating that the fish-scale component can reduce the water flow velocity while improving the water flow pattern; the water flow at the side wall 110 at the bend position does not cause a sharp increase in the water flow velocity due to the bend, nor does it cause overcrowding of the water flow on one side. As the flow rate gradually increases, under the influence of the side-wall water flow stabilizing component 300, the water flow pattern at the side wall is improved quite well.

[0048] It can be seen from Figures 10 - 12 the numerical simulation experiment of FLOW-3D that under the influence of the fish-scale water flow stabilizing component 200 and the side-wall water flow stabilizing component 300, the water flow pattern is better, thus proving that the components are helpful for improving the water flow pattern.

[0049] The above embodiments are only the preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be regarded as limitations on the present invention. The embodiments in this application and the features in the embodiments can be combined arbitrarily with each other without conflict. The protection scope of the present invention should be the technical solutions recorded in the claims, including the equivalent replacement solutions of the technical features in the technical solutions recorded in the claims. That is, the equivalent replacement improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological energy dissipation device based on a 3D printed spillway model, characterized in that: The invention comprises a fish scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component (200) installed on a slope section (130) of a flood discharge channel model (100), the fish scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component (200) comprising a mounting base (210), a plurality of fish scale modules being assembled and arranged on the mounting base (210), the fish scale modules comprising a module seat (220), a circular arc groove (221) for mounting a fish scale block (230) being provided on the module seat (220), a rotating shaft (240) being provided at the upstream end of the circular arc groove (221), the upstream end of the fish scale block (230) being rotatably mounted on the rotating shaft (240), and the tilting height of the downstream end of the fish scale block (230) being adjusted by rotating the fish scale block (230) relative to the rotating shaft (240).

2. The ecological energy dissipation device based on the 3D printed spillway model according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The module seat (220) is provided with a limiting device (250) for limiting the fish scale block (230), the limiting device (250) comprising a clamping head (251), the clamping head (251) being provided with an operating key (252), the module seat (220) being provided with a moving groove (222) for the operating key (252) to move up and down, the module seat (220) being provided with a moving cavity (223) communicating with the moving groove (222), the clamping head (251) and the moving seat (253) being arranged in the moving cavity (223), the side wall of the circular arc groove (221 being provided with a through hole for the clamping head (251) to pass through, the bottom of the moving seat (253) being provided with a spring (254) for lifting the moving seat (253) upwards, and the bottom of the fish scale block (230) being provided with a plurality of clamping ports (231) cooperating with the clamping head (251) along its rotation trajectory.

3. The ecological energy dissipation device based on a 3D printed spillway model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet of the moving cavity (223) is provided with a top cover (224), and the moving groove (222) is arranged on the top cover (224).

4. The ecological energy dissipation device based on a 3D printed spillway model according to claim 2, characterized in that: A triangular pyramid plate (255) is provided at the bottom of the movable seat (253), and a spring (254) is arranged at the bottom of the triangular pyramid plate (255).

5. The ecological energy dissipation device based on a 3D printed spillway model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention comprises a side wall water flow smoothing component (300) arranged downstream of a fish scale-shaped water flow smoothing component (200); the side wall water flow smoothing component (300) is arranged at a side wall (110) at a bend of a spillway model (100); the side wall water flow smoothing component (300) comprises a first arc-shaped block (310) closely attached to the side wall (110); a second arc-shaped block (320) and a third arc-shaped block (330) are arranged in sequence on the inner side of the first arc-shaped block (310); and the inner side of the first arc-shaped block (310) and the inner side of the second arc-shaped block (320) are A groove (340) is provided on each of the arc-shaped blocks. The second arc-shaped block (320) is installed in the groove (340) on the inner side of the first arc-shaped block (310). The third arc-shaped block (330) is installed in the groove (340) on the inner side of the second arc-shaped block (320). The upstream ends of the first arc-shaped block (310), the second arc-shaped block (320) and the third arc-shaped block (330) are connected via a pin shaft (350). The second arc-shaped block (320) and the third arc-shaped block (330) are screwed into or out of the groove (340) by rotating around the pin shaft (350).

6. The ecological energy dissipation device based on a 3D printed spillway model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The downstream ends of the second arc-shaped block (320) and the third arc-shaped block (330) are both provided with limiting grooves (360), and after the second arc-shaped block (320) and the third arc-shaped block (330) are screwed out of the groove (340), the second arc-shaped block (320) and the third arc-shaped block (330) are limited by inserting a pin block into the limiting groove (360).

7. The ecological energy dissipation device based on a 3D printed spillway model according to claim 1, characterized in that: An energy dissipation switching component (400) is arranged downstream of the fish-scale-shaped water flow smoothing component (200). The energy dissipation switching component (400) is arranged in the energy dissipation pool (120) of the spillway model (100). The energy dissipation switching component (400) comprises a plurality of polygonal modules (410). The gaps between the polygonal modules (410) are filled by filling modules (420). The polygonal modules (410) are provided with slots (411), and the energy dissipation pier components (430) are inserted into the slots (411).

8. The ecological energy dissipation device based on the 3D printed spillway model according to claim 7 is characterized in that: The energy dissipation pier assembly (430) comprises a rectangular pier (431) and a T-shaped pier (432). The lower ends of the rectangular pier (431) and the T-shaped pier (432) are inserted into a slot (411). The slot (411) is a "T"-shaped slot. The slot (411) is arranged to avoid being tilted so that the cross section of the slot (411) gradually decreases from top to bottom.

9. The ecological energy dissipation device based on a 3D printed spillway model according to claim 7, characterized in that: The polygonal module (410) is a hexagonal structure, and the filling module (420) is a triangular structure.

10. An operating method of an ecological energy dissipation group device based on a 3D printed spillway model, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After the 3D printing of the spillway model (100) is completed, a fish-scale-shaped water flow stabilizing component (200) is assembled on the slope section of the spillway model (100), a side wall water flow stabilizing component (300) is installed at the side wall (110), and an energy dissipation switching component (400) is assembled in the energy dissipation pool (120); Step 2, pull the clamping head (251) downward to release the limit on the fish scale block (230), rotate the fish scale block (230), and adjust the height of the tail of the fish scale block (230). After the adjustment is completed, release the downward pull on the clamping head (251). Under the action of the spring (254), the clamping head (251) extends into the clamping mouth (231) at the bottom of the fish scale block (230) to limit the rotation of the clamping mouth (231); Step 3: Pull the second arc-shaped block (320) and / or the third arc-shaped block (330) out of the corresponding groove (340), and insert the pin block into the limiting groove (360) to complete the limiting of the second arc-shaped block (320) and / or the third arc-shaped block (330).

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