Supporting column and supporting device applied to underground metal mine stope

Abstract

The invention provides a supporting column and a supporting device applied to an underground metal mine stope, and the supporting column comprises a first pipe body, a primary supporting structure, a supporting column body and a multi-stage yielding structure which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the first pipe body is of a lower opening structure; the primary supporting structure comprises a sleeve and an expansion material filled in the sleeve, the sleeve is arranged in the first pipe body in a sleeving manner, the top of the sleeve is opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body and is used for bearing the pressure of the first pipe body, and the bottom of the sleeve is connected with the top of the supporting column body; the multi-stage yielding structure comprises a multi-stage yielding assembly and a first restraining steel pipe of an upper opening structure, the bottom of the multi-stage yielding assembly is arranged in the first restraining steel pipe, and the top of the multi-stage yielding assembly extends out of an upper opening of the first restraining steel pipe and is connected with the bottom of the supporting column body. According to the supporting column and the supporting device applied to the underground metal mine stope, the supporting stability and the operation safety can be effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of mining engineering support equipment, and particularly relates to a support column and a support device applied to an underground metal ore stope. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous increase of the mining depth of ore bodies, the stability of the roof of the ore body in the stope has been continuously reduced. At the same time, the change of in-situ stress has gradually become more complex. There are problems of high in-situ stress and deteriorated lithology in the surrounding rock of deep ore bodies. Mining excavation will form destructive ground pressure activities, resulting in the occurrence of mining dynamic disasters such as rock bursts, cave - ins, roof falls, and water inrushes, seriously affecting production safety and normal operations. At the same time, after entering the deep part, the rock mass structure and mechanical properties will change significantly, bringing a great burden to support and subsequent mining safety, and seriously affecting mining efficiency and benefits. In this case, the support of the stope has become an inevitable research object. However, the existing support methods have problems such as incomplete ore body mining, low economic value, easy stress damage, poor stability, and easy collapse. Especially the poor support stability will directly threaten the lives of operators and bring many restrictions to the safe and efficient mining of mines. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a support column and a support device applied to an underground metal ore stope to solve the problem of poor support stability.

[0004] Based on the above purpose, in the first aspect of the present invention, a support column applied to an underground metal ore stope is provided, which includes a first pipe body, a primary support structure, a support column body, and a multi - stage yielding structure arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0005] The first pipe body has a lower - opening structure;

[0006] The primary support structure includes a casing and an expansion material filled inside the casing. The casing is sleeved inside the first pipe body, the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body, and is used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body, and the bottom is connected to the top of the support column body;

[0007] The multi - stage yielding structure includes a multi - stage yielding component and a first restraint steel pipe with an upper - opening structure. The bottom of the multi - stage yielding component is arranged inside the first restraint steel pipe, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the first restraint steel pipe and is connected to the bottom of the support column body.

[0008] Further, the casing includes a second pipe body with an upper - opening structure and a third pipe body with a lower - opening structure. The third pipe body is sleeved inside the second pipe body, the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first pipe body, and is used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body; the lower opening of the third pipe body is located inside the second pipe body;

[0009] The bottom of the second pipe body is connected to the top of the supporting column body;

[0010] The internal space enclosed by the third pipe body and the second pipe body is filled with the expansion material.

[0011] Furthermore, protruding support blocks and material injection holes for injecting the expansion material are provided on the inner side wall of the second pipe body;

[0012] Among them, the support blocks are used to support the third pipe body and are located above the material injection holes.

[0013] Furthermore, the multi-stage yielding component includes a fourth pipe body, an airbag buffer member, and a first rubber yielding column that are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;

[0014] The fourth pipe body has a lower opening structure, and its outer top wall is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body;

[0015] The airbag buffer member includes a composite buffer column and an expansion airbag that can expand when subjected to an external force and is provided on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column. The composite buffer column is sleeved in the fourth pipe body, and its top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body, and its bottom is connected to the first rubber yielding column;

[0016] Among them, the expansion airbag includes an airbag body and sodium azide filled in the airbag body.

[0017] Furthermore, the composite buffer column includes a first column body and a second column body that are arranged from top to bottom;

[0018] The first column body is made of foamed cement, and its top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body;

[0019] The second column body is a steel column, and its bottom is connected to the first rubber yielding column.

[0020] Furthermore, a plurality of restraint springs are included. The plurality of restraint springs are inclined and uniformly arranged outside the multi-stage yielding component, and the top of each restraint spring is connected to the multi-stage yielding component, and the bottom is connected to an external structure for supporting the supporting column.

[0021] Furthermore, a primary yielding structure is also provided between the first pipe body and the casing;

[0022] The primary yielding structure includes a second rubber yielding column and a second restraint steel pipe with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the second rubber yielding column is arranged in the second restraint steel pipe, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the second restraint steel pipe and is connected to the inner top wall of the first pipe body;

[0023] The top of the casing is connected to the bottom of the second restraint steel pipe, and the bottom is connected to the top of the support column body.

[0024] Furthermore, a plurality of prestressed anchor rods are connected to the outer top wall of the first pipe body through an upper steel plate.

[0025] In the second aspect of the present application, a support device applied to an underground metal mine stope is provided, including a plurality of support columns applied to the underground metal mine stope described in the first aspect and a lower steel plate;

[0026] The bottoms of the plurality of support columns are connected by one of the lower steel plates, and the lower steel plate is used to support the support columns.

[0027] Furthermore, at least a pair of rib plates are included, and the at least a pair of rib plates are oppositely arranged on both sides of the plurality of support columns and are connected to the support column body of each support column.

[0028] As can be seen from the above, for the support column and the support device applied to the underground metal mine stope provided by the present invention, the initial support structure is arranged inside the first pipe body, which plays a certain protective role for the initial support structure; the initial support structure is composed of a casing and an expansion material filled inside the casing. Since the expansion material has the characteristic that its volume can expand, when it is injected into the casing, it has a certain jacking force on the top of the casing, and thus also generates a certain jacking force on the first pipe body. When applied to the stope to support the ore body roof, the first pipe body can have a certain jacking force on the ore body roof, thereby generating an initial support force, changing the passive support to an active support. It can not only passively bear the pressure brought by the deformation of the ore body roof, but also actively support the ore body roof, reducing and delaying its deformation and displacement degree; there are multiple yielding structures provided to buffer the support column body. The multiple yielding structures include multiple yielding components for buffering and the first restraint steel pipe. The multiple yielding components are arranged inside the first restraint steel pipe, and the first restraint steel pipe plays a role in fixing and protecting the multiple yielding components. The multiple yielding components are connected to the bottom of the support column body. When the support column body is impacted, the multiple yielding components can absorb a part of the pressure, play a yielding role, and can provide a certain support force, avoiding the direct frontal impact of the support column body with the bottom filling body and thus being trapped in the filling body, and at the same time can avoid the problems of collapse and rupture of the support column body due to excessive pressure, thereby effectively improving the support stability and operation safety; at the same time, compared with the method of leaving point columns in the ore room, it can not only improve the support stability, but also improve the ore recovery rate. Especially for metal ore bodies with high economic value, replacing the metal point columns to support the ore body roof can extract more ore bodies and effectively improve the economic value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other accompanying drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0030] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a support column structure applied to an underground metal mine stope without a primary yielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a support column structure applied to an underground metal mine stope with a primary yielding structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a support device structure applied to an underground metal mine stope according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 Top view of an upward horizontal slice stoping method with a support column for roof protection according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 Top view of an upward horizontal slice stoping method for preventing the support column from being toppled by blasting according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Reference numerals: 1 - support column; 11 - first pipe body; 12 - initial support structure; 121 - sleeve; 122 - expansion material; 123 - second pipe body; 124 - third pipe body; 125 - support block; 126 - injection hole; 13 - support column body; 131 - fixed steel pipe; 132 - concrete column body; 14 - multi - stage yielding structure; 141 - multi - stage yielding assembly; 142 - first restraint steel pipe; 143 - fourth pipe body; 144 - airbag buffer; 145 - first rubber yielding column; 146 - composite buffer column; 147 - expansion airbag; 148 - first column; 149 - second column; 15 - restraint spring; 16 - primary yielding structure; 161 - second rubber yielding column; 162 - second restraint steel pipe; 17 - partition steel plate; 2 - upper steel plate; 3 - lower steel plate; 4 - rib plate; 5 - prestressed anchor bolt; 1001 - stope; 1002 - target stope; 1003 - non - target stope; 1010 - target ore body; 2001 - main stope; 2002 - branch stope. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following further elaborates on the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0037] It should be noted that unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present invention should have the ordinary meanings understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. The "first", "second" and similar terms used in this disclosure do not denote any order, quantity or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. Words such as "including" or "comprising" mean that the elements or objects appearing before this word cover the elements or objects listed after this word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Words such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "Up", "down", "left", "right", etc. are only used to represent relative position relationships. When the absolute position of the object being described changes, the relative position relationship may also change accordingly.

[0038] The roof of the ore body refers to the surrounding rock located on the hanging wall of the ore body. After the ore is mined, the stress state of the roof will change, and problems such as stress relaxation are likely to occur, which may easily lead to safety problems such as roof collapse and falling. In recent years, with the continuous increase in the mining depth of the ore body, the stability of the stope roof has been continuously decreasing. At the same time, the change of in-situ stress has gradually become more complex. There are problems of high in-situ stress and deteriorated lithology in the surrounding rock of deep ore bodies. Mining excavation will form destructive ground pressure activities, leading to the occurrence of mining dynamic disasters such as rock bursts, cave - ins, roof falls, and water inrusions, seriously affecting production safety and normal operations. At the same time, after entering the deep part, the rock mass structure and mechanical properties will change significantly, bringing a great burden to support and subsequent mining safety, and seriously affecting mining efficiency and benefits. In this case, the support of the stope has become an inevitable research object.

[0039] Experts and scholars have carried out research on the support of deep stope of ore bodies and proposed some support methods in order to increase the safety of ore body mining. One of the methods is to retain a part of the original ore body structure to form point pillars for support. During the process of mining the ore body, multiple retention points are set, and the ore body at the retention points is not mined, and a columnar structure is formed by the original ore body for support. The problem with this method is that the ore body mining is incomplete, which affects the economic value, especially for the mining of some rare metal ore bodies, such as gold ore bodies. At the same time, the point pillars are extremely brittle and prone to splitting under uniaxial loading conditions, and are prone to collapse during mining operations, and the support effect is limited.

[0040] Therefore, experts and scholars proposed another support method, that is, using concrete pillars to support the roof of deep stope to achieve the purpose of stabilizing the roof of the ore body. However, this support method has the following disadvantages: 1. The support method of concrete pillars is a passive support, which cannot achieve the purpose of actively supporting the roof of the stope; 2. Although the strength of concrete pillars is very high, they are prone to concentrated stress at the initial stage of support, resulting in stress failure; 3. As a single support device, the stability of concrete pillars is poor. When applying concrete pillars to the roof support of underground metal mine stope, the blasting shock wave generated during blasting is likely to collapse the concrete pillars, causing the paralysis of the support system. It can be seen that this support method has problems such as easy stress failure, poor stability, and easy collapse, which pose a serious threat to the safety of operators and also bring many difficulties to the safe and efficient mining of the mine.

[0041] Meanwhile, in the upward horizontal slice stoping and filling method, the ore body is mined from bottom to top. After the lower ore body is mined out, it is filled to form a filling body, and then the upper slice is mined. During the mining of the ore body in the upper slice, the road surface at this time is served by the lower filling body, and the pillars are set on the filling body. However, the filling body has poor hardness and low strength, and problems such as pillar subsidence are likely to occur when setting up pillar support, which further affects the support stability.

[0042] Therefore, the existing support methods have problems such as incomplete ore body mining, low economic value, easy stress failure, poor stability, and easy collapse. Especially the poor support stability will directly threaten the lives of operators and bring many restrictions to the safe and efficient mining of the mine.

[0043] In view of this, the present application discloses a support pillar 1 applied to an underground metal mine stope, as Figures 1 - 2 shown, which can improve the support stability, ore body mining rate and operation safety, and includes:

[0044] It includes a first pipe body 11, a primary support structure 12, a support pillar body 13 and a multi-stage yielding structure 14 which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0045] The first pipe body 11 has a lower opening structure;

[0046] The primary support structure 12 includes a casing 121 and an expansion material 122 filled inside the casing 121. The casing 121 is sleeved inside the first pipe body 11, the top is oppositely arranged with the inner top wall of the first pipe body 11, and is used to bear the pressure of the first pipe body 11, and the bottom is connected to the top of the support pillar body 13;

[0047] The multi-stage yielding structure 14 includes multi-stage yielding components 141 and a first restraint steel pipe 142 with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the multi-stage yielding components 141 is arranged inside the first restraint steel pipe 142, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the first restraint steel pipe 142 and is connected to the bottom of the support column body 13.

[0048] In the prior art, whether it is to use the reserved primary ore body to form a point column for support or to use a concrete column for support, it is a passive support, that is, it can only passively bear the pressure of the ore body roof and cannot actively support the ore body roof. At the same time, both support methods are a rigid support. When the deformation of the ore body roof is large or suddenly suffers a large impact, the rigid support column is prone to collapse and breakage, thus affecting the support effect. In addition, the setting road surface of the support column is the filling body in the lower layer of the stope. When the ore body roof deforms and presses on the support column, the support column is prone to sink into the filling body, thus affecting the support strength.

[0049] In this application, the initial support structure 12 is arranged inside the first pipe body 11, which plays a certain protective role for the initial support structure 12. The initial support structure 12 is composed of a sleeve 121 and an expansion material 122 filled inside the sleeve 121. Since the expansion material 122 has the characteristic that its volume can expand, when it is injected into the sleeve 121, it has a certain jacking force on the top of the sleeve 121, and then also generates a certain jacking force on the first pipe body 11. When applied to the stope to support the ore body roof, the first pipe body 11 can generate a certain jacking force on the ore body roof, thus generating an initial support force, changing the passive support to an active support. It can not only passively bear the pressure brought by the deformation of the ore body roof, but also actively support the ore body roof, reducing and delaying its deformation and displacement degree. On this basis, this application also sets a multi-stage yielding structure 14 to buffer the support column body 13. The multi-stage yielding structure 14 includes multi-stage yielding components 141 for realizing buffering and a first restraint steel pipe 142. The multi-stage yielding components 141 are arranged inside the first restraint steel pipe 142. The first restraint steel pipe 142 plays a role in fixing and protecting the multi-stage yielding components 141. The multi-stage yielding components 141 are connected to the bottom of the support column body 13. When the support column body 13 is impacted, the multi-stage yielding components 141 can absorb a part of the pressure, play a yielding role, and can provide a certain support force, avoiding the direct frontal impact of the support column body 13 with the filling body on the ground and thus sinking into the filling body, and at the same time can avoid the collapse and breakage problems of the support column body 13 caused by excessive impact, thereby effectively improving the support stability and operation safety. In addition, compared with the method of leaving point columns in the ore room, it can not only improve the support stability, but also improve the ore recovery rate. Especially for metal ore bodies with high economic value, replacing metal point columns to support the ore body roof can extract more ore bodies and effectively improve the economic value.

[0050] In some embodiments, Figures 1 - 2 As shown, the sleeve 121 includes a second tube body 123 with an upper opening structure and a third tube body 124 with a lower opening structure. The third tube body 124 is sleeved in the second tube body 123, and the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body 11, and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body 11; the lower opening of the third tube body 124 is located in the second tube body 123;

[0051] The bottom of the second tube body 123 is connected to the top of the support column body 13;

[0052] The internal space enclosed by the third tube body 124 and the second tube body 123 is filled with the expansion material 122 .

[0053] Specifically, the second tube body 123 with an upper opening and the third tube body 124 with a lower opening enclose a movable internal space, and after the expansion material 122 is filled in the space, the expansion material 122 has the characteristic of being able to expand in volume, and lifts the third tube body 124 upward, and the third tube body 124 then lifts the first tube body 11, and the first tube body 11 then plays a certain lifting role on the top plate of the ore body, thereby generating an initial support force on the top plate of the ore body, turning the passive support into active support, which can not only passively bear the pressure caused by the deformation of the top plate of the ore body, but also actively support the top plate of the ore body, reduce and delay its deformation and displacement. Optionally, the bottom of the second tube body 123 is connected to the top of the support column body 13 through a partition steel plate 17, which has a better fixing effect and a more stable overall structure.

[0054] Optionally, the expansion material 122 is composed of cement, static crushing agent and water glass. A certain amount of static crushing agent and water glass is injected into the cement to react chemically with the cement to increase the volume of the cement, thereby lifting the third tube body 124. The static crushing agent has a short expansion development time, a large volume expansion rate, a high self-strength, and a strong expansion stress, which can play a better lifting role; and the static crushing agent can adapt to the ambient temperature of 10 to 30°C, which is suitable for a variety of engineering site applications and a wide range of application scenarios. Water glass can greatly shorten the cement solidification time, which is conducive to the rapid solidification of the material after expansion, forming a more stable initial support force.

[0055] In some embodiments, Figures 1 - 2 As shown, a protruding support block 125 and an injection hole 126 for injecting the expansion material 122 are provided on the inner side wall of the second tube body 123;

[0056] The support block 125 is used to support the third tube body 124 and is located above the injection hole 126 .

[0057] In this application, the second pipe body 123 and the third pipe body 124 are in a state of movable connection, and the third pipe body 124 is supported by the support block 125 provided on the second pipe body 123. After the second pipe body 123 and the third pipe body 124 are assembled, an expansion material 122 is injected into the internal space through the injection hole 126 of the second pipe body 123. The expansion material 122 expands, thereby jacking up the third pipe body 124, and further jacking up the first pipe body 11 to support the ore body roof. Optionally, since the casing 121 is arranged inside the first pipe body 11, when the side wall of the first pipe body 11 extends to cover the injection hole 126 on the second pipe body 123, a corresponding through hole is arranged at a position on the first pipe body 11 opposite to the injection hole 126. The injection of the internal space is realized through the through hole and the injection hole 126, and the first pipe body 11 does not need to be additionally disassembled, and the operation is more convenient.

[0058] In some embodiments, as Figures 1 - 2 shown, the multi-stage yielding assembly 141 includes a fourth pipe body 143, an airbag buffer 144 and a first rubber yielding column 145 arranged in sequence from top to bottom;

[0059] The fourth pipe body 143 has a lower opening structure, and its outer top wall is connected to the bottom of the support column body 13;

[0060] The airbag buffer 144 includes a composite buffer column 146 and an expandable airbag 147 that can expand when subjected to an external force provided on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column 146. The composite buffer column 146 is sleeved inside the fourth pipe body 143, and its top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body 143, and its bottom is connected to the first rubber yielding column 145.

[0061] Specifically, the outer top wall of the fourth tube body 143 is connected to the bottom of the support column body 13, and the inner top wall is connected to the composite buffer column 146 of the airbag buffer member 144, thereby realizing the connection between the support column body 13 and the airbag buffer member 144. When the roof of the ore body deforms and presses the support column 1 or is subjected to other external force impacts, the support column body 13 exerts a downward pressure on the fourth tube body 143, and the fourth tube body 143 squeezes the composite buffer column 146 downward. At this time, the composite buffer column 146 plays a role of primary yielding; when the fourth tube body 143 is compressed and sinks until its side wall contacts the inflated airbag 147, the inflated airbag 147 expands to further yield the support column body 13, and at this time, the secondary yielding is completed. When the inflated airbag 147 is inflated under force, it will squeeze the first rubber yielding column 145 at the bottom, and the first rubber yielding column 145 plays a further yielding role, and at this time, the tertiary yielding is completed, thereby realizing the multi-stage yielding function. Under the multi-stage yielding of the composite buffer column 146, the inflated airbag 147 and the first rubber yielding column 145, the external force can be effectively decompressed, ensuring that the support column body 13 will not sink into the underlying filling body, the support column body 13 is not prone to collapse and rupture, the support stability is higher, the support effect is better, and the safety is higher.

[0062] In some embodiments, the inflated airbag 147 includes an airbag body and sodium azide filled in the airbag body.

[0063] Sodium azide (NaN 3 ) can instantaneously decompose a large amount of nitrogen gas (N 2 ) when impacted, 2NaN 3 (impact) = 2Na + 3N 2 ↑, thereby bulging the airbag body. After the airbag body expands, it plays a certain supporting role on the support column body 13, and at the same time squeezes the first rubber yielding column 145 below. Due to its own characteristics, the first rubber yielding column 145 plays a certain supporting role on the airbag body again, thereby effectively realizing yielding. Optionally, the first rubber yielding column 145 can be made of natural rubber. The composition of natural rubber is mainly rubber hydrocarbon (polyisoprene), containing a small amount of protein, moisture, resin acid, sugars and inorganic salts, etc. It has the characteristics of large elasticity, high definite elongation strength, excellent tear resistance and electrical insulation, and at the same time has good wear resistance and drought resistance, good processability, and is easy to bond with other materials. It is a good buffer material. Applying natural rubber to make the first rubber yielding column 145 has an environmentally friendly production process and a good yielding effect. Of course, according to the actual situation of the ore body, stope, etc., synthetic rubber can also be selected to make the first rubber yielding column 145, and no specific limitation is made.

[0064] In some embodiments, as Figures 1 - 2 shown, the composite buffer column 146 includes a first column body 148 and a second column body 149 arranged up and down;

[0065] The first cylinder 148 is made of foamed cement and its top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth pipe body 143;

[0066] The second cylinder 149 is a steel column and its bottom is connected to the first rubber yielding column 145.

[0067] Foamed cement is a composite material made from a foaming agent and cement. The foaming agent and cement are mixed and stirred in a certain proportion. Under the action of the foaming agent, the cement expands continuously. When the expansion reaches a certain degree, foamed cement is formed. When the fourth pipe body 143 moves downward, pressure is applied to the first cylinder 148 made of foamed cement. The first cylinder 148 is continuously compressed until the fourth pipe body 143 contacts the expansion airbag 147, triggering the expansion of the expansion airbag 147 for support and yielding. In this process, the first cylinder 148 made of foamed cement plays a primary yielding role, and the second cylinder 149 of the steel column plays a supporting role, simultaneously realizing the combined action of yielding and support.

[0068] In some embodiments, as Figures 1 - 2 shown, it further includes a plurality of restraint springs 15. The plurality of restraint springs 15 are inclined and evenly arranged outside the multi-stage yielding assembly 141, and the top of each restraint spring 15 is connected to the multi-stage yielding assembly 141, and the bottom is connected to the external structure for supporting the support column 1.

[0069] Specifically, a plurality of restraint springs 15 can be arranged around the multi-stage yielding assembly 141. The plurality of restraint springs 15 have a certain fixing effect on the multi-stage yielding structure 14, preventing it from swaying left and right, and also having a certain yielding effect. When this application is used to support the ore body roof in a stope, the support column 1 can be directly arranged on the stope road surface. At this time, the stope road surface is the external structure for supporting the support column 1. One end of the restraint spring 15 is connected to the stope road surface, and the other end is connected to the multi-stage yielding assembly 141. Optionally, it can be connected to the fourth pipe body 143 of the multi-stage yielding assembly 141.

[0070] To further improve the support effect of the support column 1, in actual application, a plurality of support columns 1 can be connected into a whole, so that the pressure can be shared among the support columns 1. Specifically, the plurality of support columns 1 are connected into an integral structure through the lower steel plate 3. The lower steel plate 3 is connected to the bottoms of the plurality of support columns 1 and then fixed on the stope ground through the lower steel plate 3. At this time, both the lower steel plate 3 and the stope road surface can be the external structures for supporting the support column 1. One end of the restraint spring 15 is connected to the lower steel plate 3 or the stope ground, and the other end is connected to the multi-stage yielding assembly 141.

[0071] In some embodiments, as Figure 2As shown, a primary yielding structure 16 is further provided between the first pipe body 11 and the casing 121;

[0072] The primary yielding structure 16 includes a second rubber yielding column 161 and a second restraint steel pipe 162 with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the second rubber yielding column 161 is arranged inside the second restraint steel pipe 162, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the second restraint steel pipe 162 and is connected to the inner top wall of the first pipe body 11;

[0073] The top of the casing 121 is connected to the bottom of the second restraint steel pipe 162, and the bottom is connected to the top of the support column body 13.

[0074] In this application, a primary yielding structure 16 can also be provided between the first pipe body 11 and the initial support structure 12. When the roof of the stope ore body applies pressure downward due to deformation, displacement, etc., the first pipe body 11 bears the pressure and transmits it downward. The second rubber yielding column 161 is compressed under pressure, thereby realizing effective yielding, avoiding stress damage caused by concentrated stress on the support column body 13, and at the same time, it can also play a certain yielding role. The second restraint steel pipe 162 is used to fix the second rubber yielding column 161, prevent the second rubber yielding column 161 from displacing, improve its stability, and achieve stable yielding. Optionally, the second rubber yielding column 161 can be made of natural rubber, fixed to the second restraint steel pipe 162 by bonding. The top of the second rubber yielding column 161 is fixed to the first pipe body 11 by an adhesive, and the inner side wall of the first pipe body 11 is in close contact with the outer side wall of the second pipe body 123. When the second rubber yielding column 161 is longitudinally compressed, it will expand transversely to a certain extent. Therefore, a distance of about 20 mm is reserved between the inner side wall of the first pipe body 11 and the second rubber yielding column 161 to provide an expansion space for the deformation of the second rubber yielding column 161, so as to better achieve the yielding effect. Optionally, the bottom of the second restraint steel pipe 162 is connected to the outer top wall of the third pipe body 124 through a partition steel plate 17, with better fixing effect and more stable overall structure.

[0075] In some embodiments, as Figures 1 - 2 shown, the support column body 13 includes a hollow fixed steel pipe 131 and a concrete column body 132 filled in the fixed steel pipe 131. The fixed steel pipe 131 plays a certain role in protecting, limiting, and fixing the concrete column body 132, and the concrete column body 132 plays a main supporting role, with better supporting effect.

[0076] In some embodiments, as Figures 1 - 2As shown, a plurality of prestressed anchor rods 5 are connected to the outer top wall of the first pipe body 11 through an upper steel plate 2. Specifically, the outer top wall of the first pipe body 11 contacts the upper steel plate 2, and the two are fixed by bolts. A plurality of prestressed anchor rods 5 are connected to the opposite side of the upper steel plate 2. When applied to the support of the ore body roof, first, the upper steel plate 2 abuts against the ore body roof, then the prestressed anchor rods 5 are fixed to the ore body roof. The prestressed anchor rods 5 apply a certain pre-compressive stress to the ore body roof and firmly fix the upper steel plate 2 on the ore body roof, effectively improving the supporting force for the ore body roof and forming a better supporting effect.

[0077] Based on the same inventive concept, corresponding to any of the above embodiments, the present application further provides a support device applied to an underground metal mine stope, as Figure 3 shown, including a plurality of support columns 1 applied to an underground metal mine stope and a lower steel plate 3 in any of the above embodiments;

[0078] The bottoms of the plurality of support columns 1 are connected by one lower steel plate 3, and the lower steel plate 3 is used to support the support columns 1.

[0079] In the present application, the plurality of support columns 1 are connected into a whole through the lower steel plate 3 to form a support device. When using the support device for support, the pressure can be shared among the support columns 1, effectively improving the support stability, and at the same time preventing the support columns 1 from being knocked down by the shock wave generated by mining blasting.

[0080] In some embodiments, as Figure 3 shown, it further includes at least a pair of rib plates 4, and the at least a pair of rib plates 4 are oppositely arranged on both sides of the plurality of support columns 1 and are connected to the support column body 13 of each support column 1.

[0081] By adding rib plates 4 on both sides of the plurality of support columns 1, the plurality of support columns 1 are fixedly connected by the combined action of the lower steel plate 3 and the rib plates 4. The plurality of support columns 1 are not easily separated, and as a whole, they can withstand a greater shock wave, have better stability, and stronger support bearing capacity.

[0082] In the mining operation of the ore body, first, the ore body is divided into several stages in the vertical direction, and then several ore rooms are arranged in each stage. The ore rooms are divided into several layers in the vertical direction. The support column 1 and the mine support device of the present application can be applied to support the roof of the ore body in the layers. When the support column 1 or the support device of the present application is applied to support the roof of the ore body in the layers of the ore room, the production and assembly of part of the structure of the support column 1 can be completed on the ground in advance. The preparation operation on the ground is simpler. After being transported to the mine shaft, there is no need for on-site production and assembly, saving installation time and improving work efficiency. The specific process is as follows.

[0083] Step 101: Parameter determination

[0084] According to the stress distribution, stress magnitude of the ore body roof in the stope to be supported, the stability of the ore body roof, etc., determine the initial support force magnitude, yielding range, arrangement interval, steel pipe wall thickness, type of steel pipe concrete, prestressed anchor bolt 5 and the ultimate bearing capacity of the support column 1; according to the height, size, shape of the stope and the mining method used, determine the specific height and size of the support column 1.

[0085] Step 102: Prefabricated components

[0086] According to the component parameters determined in Step 101, complete the prefabrication and assembly of part of the structure of the support column 1 on the ground. Specifically, the assembly of the first pipe body 11, the sleeve 121, the support column body 13, the multi-stage yielding structure 14, and the primary yielding structure 16 can be completed to obtain the preliminary structure of the support column.

[0087] Step 103: On-site installation

[0088] (1) When multiple support columns 1 are connected into an integral structure (i.e., combined into a support device) for support, the following method is used for installation:

[0089] Transport the preliminary structure of the support column to the stope in the mine that needs to be supported, place the lower steel plate 3 at the designated position in the stope layer, place the preliminary structure of the support column at the corresponding interval of the lower steel plate 3, arrange eight bolt holes at the bottom end of the first restraint steel pipe 142 of each multi-stage yielding structure 14 and the lower steel plate 3, and fix the first restraint steel pipe 142 and the support column of the lower steel plate 3 with bolts. Install four restraint springs 15 around each multi-stage yielding component 141, with one end of the restraint spring 15 connected to the multi-stage yielding component 141 and the other end connected to the lower steel plate 3. After the preliminary structures of the support columns are fixed in a row, weld and fix them with two rib plates 4 in the middle of a row of support column bodies 13. The rib plates 4 are welded on the opposite sides of the support column body 13 to connect all the preliminary structures of the support columns into a whole; then fix an upper steel plate 2 on the outer top wall of each first pipe body 11, and fix the first pipe body 11 and the upper steel plate 2 with four bolts.

[0090] (2) When the support column 1 is installed individually, the following installation method is used:

[0091] Transport the preliminary structure of the support column to the stope that needs to be supported, and each preliminary structure of the support column is connected and fixed to the ground of the stope through a round steel plate. The round steel plate and the first restraint steel pipe 142 are fixed with bolts. Install four restraint springs 15 around each multi-stage yielding component 141, with one end of the restraint spring 15 connected to the multi-stage yielding component 141 and the other end connected to the round steel plate or the stope ground. After the bottom of the preliminary structure of the support column is fixed, fix an upper steel plate 2 on the outer top wall of each first pipe body 11, and fix the first pipe body 11 and the upper steel plate 2 with four bolts.

[0092] Step 104: Material injection

[0093] After arranging the preliminary structure of the support columns, first fill the casing 121 of each initial support structure 12 with cement through the material injection hole 126, then inject static fracturing agent and water glass into the casing 121 of each initial support structure 12, and close the material injection hole 126. The static fracturing agent, water glass and cement react chemically in the casing 121, causing the volume of the cement to increase. The water glass can effectively shorten the setting time of the cement. At the same time, under the constraint of the second pipe body 123, the force generated after expansion mainly becomes an upward jacking force, which makes the third pipe body 124 move upward, thereby making the first pipe body 11 jack upward towards the ore body roof, generating an initial support force, changing the passive support to an active support, and achieving close contact between the upper steel plate 2 and the roof ore body roof. After the upper steel plate 2 and the ore body roof achieve close contact, four prestressed anchor bolts 5 are driven towards the ore body roof around each upper steel plate 2 to form a complete support column 1 structure.

[0094] Next, the technical effects of the present application will be further described through a specific embodiment.

[0095] A certain metal mine uses the upward horizontal slicing and filling mining method for mining. Before filling each stope, the support device of the present invention is used to support the roof of the stope ore body.

[0096] This metal mine belongs to an inclined medium-thick ore vein. The strike of the ore body is NE30° - 70°, the dip is NW315°, the average dip angle is 45°, the ore body is moderately stable, the roof of the ore body is unstable, and the ore body occurs in a vein shape. The ore body type is mainly sericite-quartzite granite, followed by potassium-iron granite. The mineralization characteristics are mainly vein-shaped, net-shaped, massive, and secondly disseminated. The geological grade is 2.07 g / t and the metal content is 48.55 kg.

[0097] A stope is selected as the object of this example in this ore body. The stope composition elements are as follows: The stope is arranged basically perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The length of the stope is 27 m, the width is 24 m, the height is 30 m, the average thickness of the ore body is 27 m, the slicing height is 3 m, and the normal stoping specification of each slice is a stope of 3×3 m. During the stoping process of each slice, the support column 1 and the support device of the present application are used to support the roof of the slice ore body.

[0098] First, according to the height, size, shape, mining method and in-situ stress distribution of the above stope, design the sizes of the various materials of the support device as follows:

[0099] Prestressed anchor bolt 5: Use a resin prestressed anchor bolt 5 with a diameter of 25 mm. The anchoring length of the anchor head should be 500 - 1000 mm, and the designed anchoring force is 50 kN.

[0100] Upper steel plate 2: thickness 10 mm, length 1 m, width 1 m;

[0101] First pipe body 11: φ320 mm × 10 mm, height 1.3 m;

[0102] Third pipe body 124: φ280 mm × 10 mm, height 0.6 m;

[0103] Second pipe body 123: φ300 mm × 10 mm, height 0.66 m;

[0104] Injection hole 126: φ10 mm;

[0105] Partition steel plate 17: φ300 mm × 10 mm;;

[0106] Fixed steel pipe 131: φ300 mm × 10 mm, height 1.5 m;

[0107] First cylinder 148: φ300 mm, height 0.12 m;

[0108] Fourth pipe body 143: φ800 mm, height 0.24, internally hollowed out with a cylindrical hole of φ300 mm and height 0.15 m;

[0109] Second cylinder 149: φ300 mm, height 0.17 m;

[0110] Expansion airbag 147; φ800 mm;

[0111] First rubber yielding column 145: φ1000 mm, height 0.24 m;

[0112] First restraint steel pipe 142: φ1020 mm × 10 mm, height 0.06 m;

[0113] Lower steel plate 3: thickness 10 mm, length 25 m, width 1 m;

[0114] Rib plate 4: thickness 10 mm, length 25 m, width 200 mm;

[0115] Second restraint steel pipe 162: thickness 10 mm, height 0.06 m;

[0116] Second rubber yielding column 161: φ280 mm, height 0.65 m.

[0117] According to the above data, prepare materials with corresponding strength and dimensions, and complete the prefabrication and processing of part of the structure of the support column 1 on the ground above the well. Select a fixed steel pipe 131 with a size of φ300mm×10mm and a height of 1.5m, pour C40 grade core concrete into it, and form a concrete column body 132 after it solidifies; a partition steel plate 17 with a size of φ300mm×10mm is fixed above the concrete column body 132 by bolts; a second pipe body 123 with a size of φ300mm×10mm and a height of 0.66m is arranged above the partition steel plate 17, and a first pipe body 11 with a size of φ320mm×10mm and a height of 1.3m is arranged around the outside of the second pipe body 123. A third pipe body 124 with a size of φ280mm×10mm and a height of 0.6m is arranged above the second pipe body 123, and an internal space is enclosed by the second pipe body 123 and the third pipe body 124. A feeding hole 126 with a diameter of φ10mm is arranged on the side wall of the second pipe body 123 near the bottom, and a support block 125 for supporting the third pipe body 124 is arranged on the inner side wall above the feeding hole 126. A partition steel plate 17 with a size of φ300mm×10mm is fixed above the third pipe body 124 by bolts, and is fixedly connected to a second restraint steel pipe 162 with a thickness of 10mm and a height of 0.06m by bolts. A rubber yielding column 161 with a diameter of φ280mm and a height of 0.65m is arranged inside the second restraint steel pipe 162. The inner side wall of the second restraint steel pipe 162 is closely attached to the rubber yielding column 161 and is fixedly connected to it by bonding. The top of the rubber yielding column 161 is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the first pipe body 11 with a size of φ320mm×10mm and a height of 1.3m by bonding, and the inner side wall of the first pipe body 11 is closely attached to the outer side wall of the second pipe body 123. A first rubber yielding column 145 with a diameter of φ1000mm and a height of 0.24m is arranged inside a first restraint steel pipe 142 with a size of φ1020mm×10mm and a height of 0.06m. A first column body 148 with a diameter of φ300mm and a height of 0.17m is arranged above the first rubber yielding column 145, and a second column body 149 with a diameter of φ300mm and a height of 0.12m is arranged on the first column body 148. The first column body 148 and the second column body 149 form a composite buffer column 146; an expansion airbag 147 with a diameter of φ800mm is arranged around the bottom of the second column body 149 in a circle. A fourth pipe body 143 with a diameter of φ800mm and a height of 0.24 is arranged above the second column body 149, and a hollow cylinder with a diameter of φ300mm and a height of 0.15m is dug inside the fourth pipe body 143 for sleeving on the first column body 148. Thus, the preliminary structure of the support column is prepared.

[0118] Then, transport the preliminary structure of the support column to the underground stope, and place the lower steel plate 3 at the support position predetermined in the layer. The dimensions of the lower steel plate 3 are: thickness 10 mm, length 25 m, width 1 m. Arrange 18 preliminary structures of the support column at intervals corresponding to the lower steel plate 3 to form a row, and the interval between each preliminary structure of the support column is 1.5 m. Arrange eight bolt holes on the lower steel plate 3 and each first restraint steel pipe 142, and fix the first restraint steel pipe 142 and the lower steel plate 3 with bolts. After the preliminary structures of the support column are fixed in a row, use two rib plates 4 with a thickness of 10 mm, a length of 25 m, and a width of 200 mm to weld and fix them in the middle of a row of support column bodies 13. The rib plates 4 are welded on the opposite sides of the support column body 13 to connect all the preliminary structures of the support column into a whole; finally, fix an upper steel plate 2 on the outer top wall of each first pipe body 11, and fix the first pipe body 11 and the upper steel plate 2 with four bolts.

[0119] After arranging the preliminary structures of the support column, establish a small cement production station in the stope. First, inject 0.033 m 3 of cement into the casing 121 of each initial support structure 12 through the injection hole 126, and then simultaneously inject 21% of static crack agent (0.0069 m 3 ) and 10% of water glass (0.0033 m 3 ) into the casing 121 of each initial support structure 12, and then close the injection hole 126. The static crack agent, water glass and cement react chemically in the casing 121, increasing the volume of the cement. The water glass can effectively shorten the setting time of the cement. At the same time, under the restraint of the second pipe body 123, the force generated after expansion mainly becomes an upward jacking force, which makes the third pipe body 124 move upward, so that the first pipe body 11 jacks up towards the ore body roof in the layer, generating an initial support force, changing the passive support to an active support, and realizing the close contact between the upper steel plate 2 and the ore body roof. After the upper steel plate 2 and the ore body roof achieve close contact, drive four prestressed anchor bolts 5 towards the ore body roof around each upper steel plate 2 to form a complete support column 1 structure.

[0120] Repeat the above steps until the installation and support of the support column 1 are completed at all support positions. After the support is completed, uniformly backfill the layer.

[0121] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides an upward horizontal slicing stoping method using a support column to protect the roof, as Figure 4 shown, which can improve the ore recovery rate, the safety of the stope and the mining efficiency, and achieve an effective balance among safety, economy and high efficiency, including:

[0122] Divide the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction;

[0123] Divide each of the said stages into multiple stopes along the horizontal direction;

[0124] Each of the ore rooms is divided into a plurality of levels in the vertical direction, and the ore bodies in each level are mined in sequence from bottom to top; wherein, the steps of mining the ore bodies in each level include:

[0125] The level is evenly divided into a plurality of stopes 1001 perpendicular to the ore body strike along the ore body strike, and the target ore bodies 1010 of the plurality of stopes 1001 are mined in sequence along the ore body strike;

[0126] In the mined-out stope 1001, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged at intervals in the stope 1001, and the plurality of support columns 1 are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the ore body strike in the mined-out stope 1001;

[0127] After the mining of each level is completed, the currently mined-out level is uniformly backfilled with tailings cement, and then the mining of the next level is carried out until the mining of all levels is completed.

[0128] In the mining operation of the ore body in this application, the ore body to be mined is divided into a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, each stage is divided into a plurality of ore rooms in the horizontal direction, each ore room is divided into several levels in the vertical direction, and then each level is evenly divided into a plurality of stopes 1001 perpendicular to the ore body strike along the ore body strike, and then the target ore bodies 1010 of the plurality of stopes 1001 are mined in sequence along the ore body strike. The target ore body 1010 is the part of the entire ore body that needs to be mined. In the mined-out stope 1001, a plurality of support columns 1 are vertically arranged at intervals in the stope 1001, and the plurality of support columns 1 are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the ore body strike in the mined-out stope 1001 to support the roof of the upper ore body in the mined-out stope 1001. When the mining of all stopes 1001 in the current level is completed, the currently mined-out level is backfilled to form a backfill body 1011, and after backfilling, the mining operation of the next level is carried out. The next level is located above the currently completed backfilled level. After the operation of the entire ore room is completed, the operation of other ore rooms in this stage is carried out until the entire stage and the entire ore body are mined.

[0129] The roof of the ore body refers to the rock located at the top of the ore body. After the ore is mined, the stress state of the roof will change, and stress relaxation and other conditions are likely to occur, which may easily lead to safety problems such as roof collapse and falling. In this application, when mining in slices, a plurality of support columns 1 are arranged at intervals in the mined stope 1001 to support the roof of the ore body, which can effectively support the roof of the ore body, avoid roof collapse, and improve safety; the support columns 1 are arranged at intervals in the stope 1001, that is, a support column 1 is arranged in one stope 1001 and not arranged in the next one, and then arranged in the next one. While ensuring effective support for the roof of the ore body, it can effectively reduce costs, reduce the engineering complexity, and improve the overall efficiency; since there are support columns 1 for support, it is not necessary to immediately fill each mined stope 1001. After the mining of all the stopes 1001 in the current slice is completed, filling is carried out uniformly, which can effectively reduce the filling complexity and improve the mining efficiency; compared with the method of leaving point columns in the ore room, more ore can be mined, the ore recovery rate can be improved, and at the same time, the support effect of the support column 1 is better, and it is not easy to break and collapse. It can be seen that this application can improve the ore recovery rate, stope safety and mining efficiency at the same time, achieve an effective balance among safety, economy and efficiency, and has broad application prospects.

[0130] In some embodiments, the length of each stope 1001 is equal to the thickness of the ore body, the width of the stope 1001 is 3 m to 5 m, and the height of the stope 1001 is equal to the slice height. When dividing the width of the stope 1001, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the mining operation efficiency and safety. When the width of the stope 1001 is set too wide, the mined section during mining is relatively wide, which is likely to form certain safety hazards; when the stope 1001 is set too narrow, it is necessary to continuously lay lines, drill blast holes, fill explosives, etc., and the operation efficiency is low, and it is not conducive to operation. Therefore, considering the operation safety and efficiency comprehensively, the width of the stope 1001 can be set to 3 m to 5 m, such as 3 m, 3.5 m, 4 m, 4.5 m, 5 m, etc., or other values between 3 m and 5 m can also be set, and the specific value is not limited. Of course, according to the specific conditions of the ore body, stope, roof, etc., the stope 1001 can also be set to other values less than 3 m or greater than 5 m, such as 2 m, 2.5 m, 5.5 m, 6 m, 6.5 m, 7 m, 7.5 m, 8 m, etc., and the specific value is not limited.

[0131] In some embodiments, the plurality of stopes 1001 are divided into target stopes 1002 and non-target stopes 1003, and the target stopes 1002 and the non-target stopes 1003 are arranged at intervals;

[0132] When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, among the mined-out stopes 1001, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are arranged vertically at intervals in the stope 1001 and include:

[0133] After the first target stope 1002 is mined out, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the first target stope 1002;

[0134] While each of the remaining target stopes 1002 is being mined, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined - out section of the current target stope 1002;

[0135] When the first stope 1001 is the non - target stope 1003, in the mined - out stope 1001, the vertically arranging a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body at intervals of the stope 1001 includes:

[0136] While each of the target stopes 1002 is being mined, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined - out section of the current target stope 1002.

[0137] Specifically, a plurality of stopes 1001 in a layer are divided into target stopes 1002 and non - target stopes 1003. The target stope 1002 is the stope 1001 where the support column 1 needs to be set, and the non - target stope 1003 is the stope 1001 where the support column 1 does not need to be set. When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, after the first target stope 1002 is mined out, a plurality of support columns 1 are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in this stope 1001; for all the remaining target stopes 1002, the support columns 1 are set while mining, that is, while mining, a plurality of support columns 1 are vertically arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined - out section of the current target stope 1002; when the first stope 1001 is the non - target stope 1003, for all the target stopes 1002, the support columns 1 are set while mining, thereby avoiding the situation that there are no support columns 1 to support two adjacent mined - out stopes 1001, and effectively improving the safety of mining.

[0138] In some embodiments, the steps of the mining operation include:

[0139] Blasting the target ore body 1010 to be mined;

[0140] Transporting the blasted and caved ore out of the current layer.

[0141] For the stope 1001 that needs to be mined back, first drill blast holes in the target ore body 1010 of the current stope 1001, then fill the blast holes with explosives to blast the target ore body 1010, and then transport the blasted and caved ore out of the current level to complete the mining back of the current stope 1001. Optionally, a load-haul-dump (LHD) vehicle is used for transportation to achieve mechanized mining back of the stope 1001 and improve the mining back efficiency. For the target ore body 1010 that is not caved after blasting, a small rock drilling jumbo can be used for rock drilling to improve the ore extraction rate.

[0142] In some embodiments, all the ore caved by blasting in the non-target stopes 1003 is transported out of the current level through the mined-out section in the current working stope 1001;

[0143] When the first stope 1001 is the target stope 1002, the ore of the first target stope 1002 is transported out of the current level through the mined-out section in the current working stope 1001, and the ore of the remaining target stopes 1002 is transported out of the current level through the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target stopes 1003;

[0144] When the first stope 1001 is the non-target stope 1003, all the ore of the target stopes 1002 is transported out of the current level through the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target stopes 1003.

[0145] In the mining back operation of the first stope 1001 of this level, all the ore caved by blasting is transported out of the current level through the mined-out section in the current working stope 1001. For the remaining all stopes 1001, the ore caved by blasting in the non-target stopes 1003 is transported out of the current level through the mined-out section in the current non-target stope 1003, with higher operation efficiency. However, since support pillars 1 are set while mining back in the target stope 1002, if the ore continues to be transported out along the current stope 1001, the operation is complex and the operation efficiency is low. Therefore, the ore of the target stopes 1002 in the remaining all stopes 1001 is transported out of the current level through the mined-out section in the adjacent non-target stopes 1003, effectively improving the operation efficiency.

[0146] Based on the same inventive concept, the present application also provides an upward horizontal cut-and-fill mining method for preventing support pillars from being blasted down and collapsed, as Figure 5 shown, which can effectively prevent support pillars from being blasted down and collapsed and improve the mining safety, including:

[0147] Dividing the ore body to be mined into multiple stages along the vertical direction;

[0148] Dividing each of the stages into multiple ore rooms along the horizontal direction;

[0149] Each of the ore rooms is divided into a plurality of layers in the vertical direction, and the ore bodies in each layer are mined in sequence from bottom to top; wherein, the steps of mining the ore bodies in each layer include:

[0150] The layer is evenly divided into a plurality of main mining areas 2001 perpendicular to the ore body strike along the ore body strike;

[0151] The target ore body 1010 of the first main mining area 2001 along the ore body strike is mined with the vertical ore body strike as the operation direction;

[0152] The target ore bodies 1010 of the remaining main mining areas 2001 are mined in sequence along the ore body strike with the ore body strike as the operation direction;

[0153] When each main mining area 2001 is mined out, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged in the currently mined-out main mining area 2001, and the plurality of support columns 1 are arranged along the vertical ore body strike in the mined-out main mining area 2001. In the prior art, the mining directions in the layers are the same, that is, they are all mined along the direction perpendicular to the ore body strike. During the blasting mining process, usually the side of the blasting point suffers the greatest impact force. Therefore, when the mining method in the prior art is used for mining, after the first mining area is mined and pillars or point pillars are set up, when the second mining area is mined, the pillars or point pillars set up in the first mining area are located on the side of the blasting point of the second mining area and will suffer the greatest impact force, thus easily causing the pillars or point pillars to collapse.

[0154] In the mining operation of the ore body in the present application, the ore body is first divided into several stages in the vertical direction, then several ore rooms are arranged in each stage, several layers are divided in the vertical direction in the ore room, and then the layers are mined; during the mining of each layer, the layer is evenly divided into a plurality of main mining areas 2001 perpendicular to the ore body strike along the ore body strike, and then the first main mining area 2001 along the ore body strike is mined, and the mining operation direction of the first main mining area 2001 is perpendicular to the ore body strike; after the first main mining area 2001 is mined, a plurality of support columns 1 are vertically arranged in the current main mining area 2001, and the plurality of support columns 1 are arranged along the vertical ore body strike to support the exposed roof of the ore body after the main mining area 2001 is mined out; then the remaining main mining areas 2001 are mined in sequence along the ore body strike, and the mining operation direction of the remaining main mining areas 2001 is along the ore body strike. When the mining of all the main mining areas 2001 in the current layer is completed, the currently mined-out layer is filled to form a filling body 1011, and after filling, the next layer is mined, and the next layer is located above the currently filled layer. After the current entire mining operation is completed, the other mining areas in this stage are then operated.

[0155] By changing the mining direction of other main mining fields 2001 except the first main mining field 2001 to be along the ore body strike, when mining the remaining main mining fields 2001, the set support columns 1 can be located behind the blasting advancing direction, suffering less impact force, which can effectively reduce the possibility of the support columns 1 being toppled, thereby improving the support stability and the mining safety.

[0156] In some embodiments, the mining operation of the target ore body 1010 of the remaining main mining fields 2001 in sequence along the ore body strike with the ore body strike as the operation direction includes:

[0157] Dividing the target ore body 1010 of each of the remaining main mining fields 2001 into a plurality of branch mining fields 2002 along the ore body strike in the direction perpendicular to the ore body strike;

[0158] Sequentially mining the target ore body 1010 of the plurality of branch mining fields 2002 in the direction perpendicular to the ore body strike with the ore body strike as the operation direction.

[0159] When carrying out the mining operation on each main stope 2001 except the first main stope 2001, first divide the target ore body 1010 of each main stope 2001 into multiple branch stopes 2002 along the strike of the ore body vertically, and then carry out the mining operation on the target ore body 1010 of the multiple branch stopes 2002 in sequence along the strike of the ore body vertically. When carrying out the mining operation on each branch stope 2002 in sequence, the support pillar 1 set up in the previously mined-out main stope 2001 is perpendicular to the mining operation direction of the branch stope 2002. When the blasting mining method is used for the mining operation, the shock wave generated by the explosion in the branch stope 2002 mainly impacts laterally. The support pillar 1 located at the rear is less affected by the shock wave. At the same time, one side of the shock waves on both sides is borne by the target ore body 1010 of the unmined branch stope 2002 and will not be transmitted to the support pillar 1, which can effectively reduce the magnitude of the shock wave suffered by the support pillar 1. In addition, when carrying out the mining operation on the branch stope 2002, the mining direction is along the strike of the ore body. As the mining depth of the branch stope 2002 increases, the setting position of the explosion point is getting farther and farther away from the support pillar 1, further reducing the shock wave borne by the support pillar 1, and realizing the further improvement of the support stability of the support pillar 1 and the mining safety; at the same time, due to the setting of the support pillar 1 for support, it is not necessary to fill each mined-out main stope 2001. After the mining of all the main stopes 2001 in the current layer is completed, the filling is carried out uniformly, which can effectively reduce the filling complexity and improve the mining efficiency; compared with the method of leaving point pillars in the ore room, more ore can be mined, the ore recovery rate can be improved, and the support effect of the support pillar 1 is better, and it is not easy to break and collapse. It can be seen that the present application can effectively prevent the support pillar 1 from collapsing, improve the support stability, improve the mining safety, and at the same time improve the ore recovery rate, realizing the effective balance of safety, economy and efficiency, and having a wide application prospect.

[0160] In some embodiments, the steps of the mining operation include:

[0161] Blaste the target ore body 1010 to be mined;

[0162] Transport the ore caved by blasting out of the current layer.

[0163] For the main stope 2001 or the branch stope 2002 that needs to be mined, first drill blast holes in the target ore body 1010 of the current main stope 2001 or branch stope 2002, then fill the blast holes with explosives, blast the target ore body 1010, and then transport the ore caved by blasting out of the current layer to complete the mining of the current stope. Optionally, a load-haul-dump machine is used for transportation to realize the mechanized mining of the main stope 2001 or the branch stope 2002 and improve the mining efficiency. For the target ore body 1010 that is not caved by blasting, a small rock drilling jumbo can be used for rock drilling to improve the ore extraction rate.

[0164] Exemplarily, as Figure 5 shown, along the strike of the ore body, the stratified area is evenly divided into a plurality of main mining areas 2001 perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. In this example, it is divided into 3, namely: A, B, and C. Each main mining area 2001 is 8 m wide. First, the target ore body 1010 in the first main mining area 2001 (i.e., A) is mined with the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body as the operation direction. After the mining is completed, a plurality of support columns 1 for supporting the roof of the ore body are vertically arranged in section A. The plurality of support columns 1 are arranged along the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body in the mined-out main mining area 2001. The remaining main mining areas 2001 (B, C) are divided into a plurality of branch mining areas 2002 along the strike of the ore body in the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. The branch mining areas 2002 in B are sequentially marked as B1, B2, B3... along the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body, and the branch mining areas 2002 in C are sequentially marked as C1, C2, C3... along the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. After the mining of A is completed and the installation of the support columns 1 in A is completed, the mining operation of B can be carried out. Specifically, first mine B1, drill blast holes and conduct blasting in B1 along the strike of the ore body to make the branch mining area 2002 advance along the strike of the ore body; after the mining of B1 is completed, use the same method to sequentially mine B2, B3... until the entire section B is mined. After the mining is completed, immediately arrange a row of support columns 1 in section B along the direction perpendicular to the strike of the ore body. Then mine section C according to the mining method of section B, and finally complete the support in section C.

[0165] After the stratified mining is completed, the currently mined-out stratified area is uniformly filled with tailings cement, and then the mining of the next stratified area is carried out until the mining of all stratified areas is completed.

[0166] Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: the discussion of any above embodiment is only exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present disclosure (including the claims) is limited to these examples; under the concept of the present invention, the technical features in the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and the steps can be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations in different aspects of the present invention as described above, and they are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0167] The embodiments of the present invention are intended to cover all such substitutions, modifications, and variations that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A support column used in underground metal mines, characterized in that: It includes a first pipe body, a primary support structure, a support column body and a multi-stage pressure relief structure which are sequentially arranged up and down; The first tube body is a bottom opening structure; The primary support structure includes a sleeve and an expansion material filled in the sleeve, the sleeve is sleeved in the first tube body, the top of the sleeve is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body, and the bottom is connected to the top of the support column body; The multi-stage pressure-relieving structure includes a multi-stage pressure-relieving assembly and a first restraining steel pipe with an upper opening structure. The bottom of the multi-stage pressure-relieving assembly is arranged in the first restraining steel pipe, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the first restraining steel pipe and is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body.

2. A support column used in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sleeve comprises a second tube body with an upper opening structure and a third tube body with a lower opening structure. The third tube body is sleeved in the second tube body, and the top is arranged opposite to the inner top wall of the first tube body, and is used to bear the pressure of the first tube body; the lower opening of the third tube body is located in the second tube body; The bottom of the second tube body is connected to the top of the supporting column body; The internal space enclosed by the third tube body and the second tube body is filled with the expansion material.

3. A support column used in underground metal mines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the second tube body is provided with a protruding support block and an injection hole for injecting the expansion material; Wherein, the support block is used to support the third tube body and is located above the injection hole.

4. The support column used in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-stage pressure-releasing assembly comprises a fourth tube body, an airbag buffer and a first rubber pressure-releasing column which are arranged in sequence up and down; The fourth tube body is a bottom opening structure, and the outer top wall is connected to the bottom of the supporting column body; The airbag buffer component includes a composite buffer column and an inflatable airbag arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom of the composite buffer column and inflatable when encountering external force. The composite buffer column is sleeved in the fourth tube body, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube body, and the bottom is connected to the first rubber pressure relief column; Wherein, the inflatable airbag includes an airbag body and sodium azide filled in the airbag body.

5. A support column used in underground metal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: The composite buffer column comprises a first column and a second column arranged up and down; The first column is made of foamed cement, and the top is connected to the inner top wall of the fourth tube; The second column is a steel column, and the bottom is connected to the first rubber yield column.

6. A support column used in underground metal mines according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a plurality of restraint springs, which are arranged obliquely and evenly on the outside of the multi-stage pressure-relieving assembly, and the top of each restraint spring is connected to the multi-stage pressure-relieving assembly, and the bottom is connected to the external structure for supporting the support column.

7. The support column used in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: A primary pressure relief structure is also provided between the first tube body and the sleeve; The primary pressure relief structure includes a second rubber pressure relief column and a second restraining steel tube with an upper opening structure, wherein the bottom of the second rubber pressure relief column is arranged in the second restraining steel tube, and the top extends out of the upper opening of the second restraining steel tube and is connected to the inner top wall of the first tube body; The top of the sleeve is connected to the bottom of the second restraining steel pipe, and the bottom is connected to the top of the supporting column body.

8. The support column used in underground metal mines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer top wall of the first tube body is connected with a plurality of prestressed anchor rods via an upper steel plate.

9. A support device used in underground metal mines, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of support columns and lower steel plates used in underground metal mines as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; The bottoms of the plurality of guard columns are connected by a lower steel plate, and the lower steel plate is used to support the guard columns.

10. A support device for underground metal mines according to claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes at least one pair of ribs, which are relatively arranged on both sides of the plurality of supporting columns and connected to the supporting column body of each supporting column.

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