Water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating leaf yellowing after cucumber vine falling and prevention and treatment method

Abstract

The invention discloses a water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating leaf yellowing after cucumber vine falling and a prevention and treatment method, and mainly relates to the technical field of cucumber cultivation. The water-soluble fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: alginate oligosaccharide, bacillus velezensis fermentation liquor, amino acid, an inorganic salt composition, polypeptide, melatonin, a surfactant and water, wherein the ratio of the alginate oligosaccharide to the bacillus velezensis fermentation liquor is 1: (2-3). The invention has the following beneficial effects: through an alginate oligosaccharide-bacillus velezensis synergistic system, the anti-infection ability of cucumbers to harmful germs is improved; the bacillus metabolite can further synergistically interact with the alginate oligosaccharide, so that the root system of the cucumber is more robust, the problem of leaf yellowing after cucumber vine falling is effectively prevented and treated, and the purposes of robust leaf stalks, dark green leaves and straight and bright cucumber strips are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cucumber cultivation, and specifically to a water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and controlling leaf chlorosis after cucumber vine-lowering and a prevention and control method therefor. Background Art

[0002] At present, during the cucumber planting process, there is generally a problem of leaf chlorosis caused by various factors after vine-lowering. Spraying fungicides and plant regulators on leaves is a conventional means for preventing diseases and promoting growth and increasing production in modern cucumber planting. Timely spraying of fungicides after cucumber vine-lowering can effectively control various diseases such as target spot, downy mildew, and gummy stem blight. However, the use of chemical pesticides is likely to cause pesticide residues, bringing certain risks to the food safety of cucumbers. Spraying or applying plant regulators such as gibberellin and sodium nitrophenolate on leaves or roots after cucumber vine-lowering can also quickly strengthen the growth of plants. However, improper use also increases the risk of premature senescence of plants in the later stage, resulting in a decrease in cucumber yield and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and controlling leaf chlorosis after cucumber vine-lowering and a prevention and control method therefor. Through the synergistic system of fucoidan-Bacillus velezensis, not only can Bacillus velezensis quickly colonize in the soil, occupy the ecological niche, and improve the anti-infection ability of cucumbers against harmful pathogens, but also the metabolites of Bacillus can further synergistically enhance fucoidan, making the cucumber roots stronger, stimulating the development of lateral roots and capillary roots, and then accelerating the migration of nutrients from the roots to the stems, leaves, and fruits in the cucumber plant, thereby effectively preventing the problem of leaf chlorosis after cucumber vine-lowering and achieving the purpose of strong leaves and stems, dark green leaves, and straight and bright cucumber fruits.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and controlling leaf chlorosis after cucumber vine-lowering, the raw materials of which include fucoidan, Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth, amino acids, inorganic salt composition, polypeptide, melatonin, surfactant, and water. The ratio of fucoidan to Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth is 1:2 - 3.

[0006] The fucoidan is produced by one-step enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium alginate using alginate lyase, with a degree of polymerization of 2 - 4 and a fucoidan content ≥ 10%. And / or, the Bacillus fermentation broth is prepared by an aerobic fermentation process to obtain Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth, with an effective viable count ≥ 15 billion CFU / mL.

[0007] The amino acids include any one or a combination of tryptophan, arginine, alanine, threonine, and cysteine;

[0008] The ratio of the polypeptide to melatonin is 1:0.1 - 0.2;

[0009] The surfactant includes a thickener, a dispersant, and a wetting agent, and the ratio is 0.1 - 0.2:0.2 - 0.4:10 - 21.

[0010] The inorganic salt composition includes ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, ferrous sulfate, and zinc sulfate, and the ratio is 1:0.5 - 1:0.1 - 0.2:0.1 - 0.2:0.1 - 0.2. When preparing, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate first undergo a chelation reaction with amino acids at 60 - 70 °C and pH 4 - 5 to form trace element - amino acid complexes.

[0011] Its raw materials include 20 parts of fucoidan oligosaccharide, 60 parts of Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth, 70 parts of amino acids, 130 parts of inorganic salt composition, 20 parts of polypeptide, 4 parts of melatonin, surfactant, and 300 parts of water. The inorganic salt composition includes 60 parts of ammonium sulfate, 35 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of boric acid, and 20 parts of zinc sulfate. The surfactant includes 0.15 parts of thickener, 0.3 parts of dispersant, and 15 parts of wetting agent.

[0012] Specifically, when applying it to prevent and control the yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine - dropping, the water - soluble fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves or applied to the roots 5 - 7 days before cucumber vine - dropping, and is applied once every 7 - 14 days after vine - dropping. The application methods include foliar spraying, drip irrigation, and flushing. At the same time, this method is another aspect of the present invention.

[0013] It is prepared by the following method:

[0014] S1, at room temperature, add 0.1 - 0.2 parts of thickener, 60 - 80 parts of amino acids, 5 - 10 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 5 - 10 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 5 - 10 parts of boric acid into 200 - 400 parts of water, pressurize and heat to 60 - 70 °C, and continuously stir for 20 - 30 min;

[0015] S2, while stirring, add 50 - 70 parts of ammonium sulfate and 25 - 50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, keep the temperature at 60 - 70 °C, and continuously stir for 5 - 10 min;

[0016] S3, when the temperature drops to 40 °C, while stirring, add 10 - 20 parts of polypeptide, 1 - 2 parts of melatonin, and 10 - 20 parts of fucoidan oligosaccharide, and continuously stir for 5 - 10 min;

[0017] S4, while stirring, add 0.2 - 0.4 parts of dispersant and 10 - 20 parts of wetting agent, and continuously stir for 20 - 30 min;

[0018] S5, while stirring, add 30 - 60 parts of Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth, continuously stir for 10 - 20 min, then let it stand and cool down, and then fill it into a sterile bottle to obtain the water - soluble fertilizer product.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. The degree of polymerization of the alginate oligosaccharide used is 2-4 sugars, which is the main action site. It can rapidly improve the migration efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer and trace elements in cucumbers. Using it from 5-7 days before vine dropping to half a month before the top fruit is picked can effectively prevent the yellowing problem of cucumber leaves caused by insufficient nutrient supply, replace plant regulators and chemical pesticides for prevention and control, and greatly reduce the risk of pesticide residues in cucumbers.

[0021] 2. Combine various elements beneficial to cucumber root maintenance, strong seedling growth, disease prevention and stress resistance, improve the stress resistance and disease prevention ability of cucumbers, reduce the incidence of root rot, promote the health of cucumber plants, and can be used 5-7 days before vine dropping of cucumbers to solve the problems of slow growth, yellowing of leaves, and even yield limitation caused by "cucumber top setting" after vine dropping.

[0022] 3. Through the alginate oligosaccharide-Bacillus velezensis synergistic system, not only can Bacillus velezensis rapidly colonize in the soil, occupy the ecological niche, and improve the anti-infection ability of cucumbers against harmful pathogens; the metabolites of Bacillus can also further synergistically enhance the alginate oligosaccharide, enhance the penetration ability of this fertilizer at the roots, make the cucumber roots stronger, stimulate the development of lateral roots and capillary roots, and then accelerate the nutrient transport ability of nutrients in the plant, greatly improving the fertilizer utilization efficiency, forming a prevention and control plan of nourishing leaves with roots, and having a significant effect on preventing the yellowing of cucumber leaves caused by poor root development and pathogen infection after vine dropping.

[0023] 4. This fertilizer can also be used after the transplantation of cucumbers and other solanaceous crops to achieve the effect of rooting and strengthening seedlings, can rapidly strengthen the plants, occupy the microbial ecological niche, and improve the disease prevention and stress resistance ability of crops. The application methods include foliar spraying, drip irrigation, and flushing, which are convenient for use in agricultural production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Attached Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of the product of the present invention.

[0025] Attached Figure 2 is the growth situation of cucumbers in the cucumber pot experiment of the present invention (left: CK, right: T1).

[0026] Attached Figure 3 is the growth of cucumber seedlings in the second effect experiment of the present invention (left: BG-1, right: BG-2).

[0027] Attached Figure 4 is the comparison of cucumber seedling roots in the second effect experiment of the present invention (left: BG-1, right: BG-2). Attached Figure 5 is the comparison of the growth of cucumbers after vine dropping in the third cucumber experiment of the present invention (left: CK, right: T). DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and not to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by this application.

[0029] For the instruments, reagents, materials, etc. involved in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, they are all conventional instruments, reagents, materials, etc. existing in the prior art and can be obtained through regular commercial channels. For the experimental methods, detection methods, etc. involved in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, they are all conventional experimental methods, detection methods, etc. existing in the prior art.

[0030] Based on raw materials including fucoidan, Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth, amino acids, inorganic salt composition, polypeptide, melatonin, surfactant, and water.

[0031] The fucoidan comes from Shandong Shengbang Luye Chemical Co., Ltd. and is produced by one-step enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium alginate using alginate lyase. The degree of polymerization is 2 - 4, and the content of fucoidan is ≥10%.

[0032] The Bacillus fermentation broth comes from Shandong Shengbang Luye Chemical Co., Ltd. and is prepared by an aerobic fermentation process to obtain Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth, with the effective viable count ≥15 billion CFU / mL.

[0033] The selection and ratio of other components are shown in Table 1 below:

[0034]

[0035] Based on the embodiments in Table 1 above, the water-soluble fertilizer is processed, and the specific preparation process is as follows:

[0036] S1. At room temperature, add thickener, amino acids, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, ferrous sulfate, and boric acid to water, pressurize and heat to 60 - 70°C, and continuously stir for 20 - 30 min;

[0037] S2. While stirring, add ammonium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate, keep the temperature at 60 - 70°C, and continuously stir for 5 - 10 min;

[0038] S3. When the temperature drops to 40°C, while stirring, add polypeptide, melatonin, and fucoidan, and continuously stir for 5 - 10 min;

[0039] S4. While stirring, add dispersant and wetting agent, and continuously stir for 20 - 30 min;

[0040] S5. While stirring, add the Bacillus velezensis fermentation broth. After continuous stirring for 10 - 20 min, let it stand and cool down, then fill it into a sterile bottle to obtain the water-soluble fertilizer product.

[0041] The appearance of the obtained product is as Figure 1 shown.

[0042] Based on the water-soluble fertilizer obtained in the above Example 2, the following effect tests were carried out:

[0043] 1. Effect Test 1 - Cucumber Pot Experiment

[0044] This experiment was carried out in the artificial greenhouse of Shandong Shengbang Luye Chemical Co., Ltd. on May 21, 2024. The pot experiment method was adopted. Seedling-stage cucumbers were selected for root irrigation, and the root growth and leaf color effects were observed. There were 2 treatments in total in the experiment, the conventional liquid fertilizer treatment (CK), and the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2 (T1).

[0045] Test method: Select 10 cucumber seedlings with consistent growth from the nursery tray, 5 plants for each treatment, and transplant them into planting pots. CK was the control of conventional liquid fertilizer, which was diluted 300 times and then used for root irrigation treatment; T1 was the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2, which was diluted 300 times and then used for root irrigation treatment. Treat once every 5 days, and apply 2 times in total. Five days after the second treatment, the leaf SPAD, aboveground biomass, and root biomass were measured.

[0046] The test results showed (Table 1, Figure 2 ), compared with the conventional liquid fertilizer treatment, the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2 significantly increased the leaf SPAD value (18.5%) of cucumber seedlings at the seedling stage, the leaf color was darker green, the root development was better, and the aboveground biomass (10.1%) and root biomass (27.5%) were significantly improved.

[0047] Table 1 Cucumber growth indicators

[0048] Treatment Leaf SPAD Aboveground biomass / g Root biomass / g CK 35.6b 5.14b 0.40b T1 42.2a 5.66a 0.51a

[0049] 2. Effect Test 2 - Cucumber Field Experiment

[0050] This experiment was carried out in the cucumber greenhouse of Hou Lizhuang Village, Shen County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province on August 12, 2024. The field plot experiment method was adopted. Seedling-stage cucumbers were selected for drip irrigation, and the root growth and leaf color effects were observed. There were 2 treatments in total in the experiment, the conventional seedling-raising fertilizer treatment (BG-1), and the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2 (BG-2).

[0051] Test method: Drip irrigation treatment was carried out 10 days after cucumber transplantation, and the area of each treatment was half an acre. BG-1 was used as the control of conventional liquid fertilizer, and 10 kg / acre was used for drip irrigation; BG-2 was the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2, and 5 kg / acre was used for drip irrigation. It was applied once every 5 days for a total of 2 times. Seven days after the second treatment, the determination of leaf SPAD, stem diameter, above-ground biomass, and root biomass was carried out.

[0052] The test results showed (Table 2, Figure 3 , Figure 4 ), compared with the conventional liquid fertilizer treatment, the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2 significantly increased the leaf SPAD value (14.3%) of cucumber seedlings at the seedling stage, the leaf color was darker green, the leaf area and plant coverage were better overall, the stem diameter increased significantly by 4.44%, and the above-ground biomass (13.6%) and root biomass (44.2%) were also significantly increased.

[0053] Table 2 Comparison of the growth of cucumber seedlings

[0054] Leaf SPAD Stem diameter / mm Aboveground biomass / g Root biomass / g BG-1 42.6b 7.43 34.97 1.72 BG-2 48.7a 7.76 39.72 2.48

[0055] 3. Effect test three - Cucumber field test

[0056] This test was carried out in a cucumber greenhouse in Houlizhuang Village, Shen County, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province on September 16, 2024. The field plot test method was adopted, and the cucumber vine-lowering period was selected for drip irrigation use to observe the plant robustness, disease occurrence, leaf SPAD value, and color performance effect. The test was set with 2 treatments, the conventional liquid fertilizer treatment (CK), and the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2 (T).

[0057] Test method: Drip irrigation treatment was carried out 5 days before and 5 days after cucumber vine-lowering respectively, and the area of each treatment was one-third of an acre. CK was the control of conventional liquid fertilizer, and 5 kg / acre was used for drip irrigation; T was the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2, and 5 kg / acre was used for drip irrigation. It was applied 2 times in total. Seven days after the second treatment, the determination of leaf SPAD and the collection of cucumber growth effects were carried out.

[0058] The test results showed (Table 3, Figure 5 ), compared with the conventional liquid fertilizer treatment, the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2 significantly increased the leaf SPAD value (18.9%) of cucumber after vine-lowering, the leaf color was darker green, the plants were relatively robust, and the disease occurrence was less than that of the control. From the perspective of the number of fruits set and quality, the water-soluble fertilizer treatment of Example 2 was significantly improved compared with the control, showing that the melon strips were straight and bright, and there was almost no situation of bent melons.

[0059] Table 3 Cucumber growth

[0060] Treatment Leaf SPAD Disease occurrence Fruit performance CK 48.6b More diseases Straight and bright melon strips T1 57.8a Robust plants with few diseases There are some bent melons

Claims

1. A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine falling, characterized in that: The raw materials include brown algae oligosaccharide, Bacillus velez fermentation liquid, amino acid, inorganic salt composition, polypeptide, melatonin, surfactant and water. The ratio of the brown algae oligosaccharide to the Bacillus velez fermentation liquid is 1:2-3.

2. A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine falling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brown algae oligosaccharide is produced by one-step enzymatic hydrolysis of sodium alginate using alginate lyase technology, with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 4 and a brown algae oligosaccharide content of ≥10%, and / or the Bacillus fermentation broth is prepared by an aerobic fermentation process to obtain Bacillus velez fermentation broth, with an effective viable count of ≥15 billion CFU / mL.

3. A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine falling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amino acids include any one or more combinations of tryptophan, arginine, alanine, threonine, and cysteine. and / or The ratio of the polypeptide to melatonin is 1:0.1-0.

2. and / or The surfactant includes a thickener, a dispersant, and a wetting agent, and the ratio is 0.1-0.2:0.2-0.4:10-21.

4. A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine falling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inorganic salt composition comprises ammonium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate in a ratio of 1:0.5-1:0.1-0.2:0.1-0.2:0.1-0.

2. During preparation, ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate are first subjected to chelation reaction with amino acids at 60-70°C and pH 4-5 to generate a trace element-amino acid complex.

5. A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine falling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Specifically used in the prevention and control of yellowing leaves after cucumber vines fall, the water-soluble fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves or applied to the roots 5 to 7 days before the cucumber vines fall, and applied once 7 to 14 days after the vines fall. The application methods include foliar spraying, drip irrigation, and flushing.

6. A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine falling according to claim 1, characterized in that: Prepared by the following method: S1, add 0.1-0.2 parts of thickener, 60-80 parts of amino acid, 5-10 parts of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 5-10 parts of ferrous sulfate, and 5-10 parts of boric acid to 200-400 parts of water at room temperature, heat under pressure to 60-70°C, and continue stirring for 20-30 minutes; S2, add 50-70 parts of ammonium sulfate and 25-50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate while stirring, maintain the temperature at 60-70°C, and continue stirring for 5-10 minutes; S3, the temperature is lowered to 40°C, 10-20 parts of polypeptide, 1-2 parts of melatonin, and 10-20 parts of brown algae oligosaccharide are added while stirring, and stirring is continued for 5-10 minutes; S4, add 0.2-0.4 parts of dispersant and 10-20 parts of wetting agent while stirring, and continue stirring for 20-30 minutes; S5, adding 30 to 60 parts of Bacillus Velez fermentation liquid while stirring, continuing stirring for 10 to 20 minutes, letting it stand to cool down, and then filling it into a sterile bottle to obtain a water-soluble fertilizer product.

7. A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine falling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include 20 parts of brown algae oligosaccharide, 60 parts of Bacillus Velez fermentation broth, 70 parts of amino acids, 130 parts of inorganic salt composition, 20 parts of polypeptide, 4 parts of melatonin, surfactant, and 300 parts of water. The inorganic salt composition includes 60 parts of ammonium sulfate, 35 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 10 parts of boric acid, and 20 parts of zinc sulfate. The surfactant includes 0.15 parts of thickener, 0.3 parts of dispersant, and 15 parts of wetting agent.

8. A method for preventing and controlling yellowing of cucumber leaves after vine fall, characterized in that: Use the water-soluble fertilizer described in any one of Examples 1-6, spray the water-soluble fertilizer on the leaves or apply it to the roots 5 to 7 days before the cucumber vines fall, and apply it once 7 to 14 days after the vines fall. The application methods include foliar spraying, drip irrigation, and flushing.

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