A standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac voltage and a standard harmonic current source output method

Abstract

The application discloses a standard harmonic current source based on pulse driving and a standard harmonic current source output method, wherein the standard harmonic current source generates a reference voltage signal through a JAWS quantum voltage generator, and a transconductance amplifier generates an amplifier output current according to the reference voltage signal; a main controller reads the amplifier output current, judges a current interval to which the amplifier output current belongs, switches a linkage switch gear position, drives the transconductance amplifier to adjust a variable ratio, and simultaneously controls a precision feedback shunt network to switch a precision resistor; the main controller calculates a target voltage value in combination with a target variable ratio, the amplifier output current and a target resistance value, generates an encoded signal and sends the encoded signal to the JAWS quantum voltage generator, so that the JAWS quantum voltage generator outputs a corresponding standard harmonic voltage signal after decoding; a first operational amplifier compares the standard harmonic voltage signal with the reference voltage signal, generates an error signal and feeds back the error signal to the transconductance amplifier, and then the amplifier output current is adjusted, thereby forming a closed-loop control to realize high-precision harmonic current output.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of current sources, and more particularly to a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage and a method for outputting the standard harmonic current source. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the harmonic power reference uses the following current harmonic source technology: a Fluke 6100 or NST3500 harmonic power standard instrument is used as the current source to provide a standard current harmonic signal. The current range is extended to 20A through a resistor shunt, and then further extended to 50A using a current transformer. A high-accuracy digital instrument (such as HP3458A) is used as the sampling instrument, and its DC voltage function is used to collect the instantaneous value of the power frequency non-sinusoidal signal. The harmonic components are calculated through discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and compensation algorithm. An automated system is built based on a computer and IEEE-488 interface to realize measurement process control, data storage and harmonic analysis. However, the accuracy of existing technologies is limited by many factors. First, the sampling resolution (such as a 12-bit ADC) and bandwidth of the HP3458A limit the accurate capture of high-frequency harmonics. Second, DFT calculation relies on window function selection and synchronous sampling technology. Non-integer period sampling can lead to spectral leakage. The compensation algorithm is complex and difficult to completely eliminate errors. In addition, the nonlinear characteristics, temperature drift and phase error of the shunt and transformer will be amplified step by step, affecting the final measurement results. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage and a method for outputting the standard harmonic current source. The standard harmonic current source can improve the output stability of the current source.

[0004] One embodiment of the present invention provides a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage, comprising: a JAWS quantum voltage generator, a transconductance amplifier, a main controller, a linkage switch, a precision feedback shunt network, and a first operational amplifier;

[0005] The JAWS quantum voltage generator is used to generate a reference voltage signal;

[0006] The transconductance amplifier is used to generate a power amplifier output current based on the reference voltage signal;

[0007] The main controller is used to read the power amplifier output current output by the transconductance amplifier; determine the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls; and switch the position of the linkage switch according to the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls.

[0008] The transconductance amplifier is also used to adjust the turns ratio according to the gear position after the linkage switch is switched, so as to obtain the target turns ratio;

[0009] The precision feedback shunt network is used to adjust the connected precision resistor according to the gear position after the linkage switch is switched, so as to obtain the target resistance value.

[0010] The main controller is further configured to determine a target voltage value based on the target turns ratio, the power amplifier output current, and the target resistance; generate an encoding based on the target voltage value; and send the encoding to the JAWS quantum voltage generator.

[0011] The JAWS quantum voltage generator is also used to output a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the target voltage value after decoding the encoding;

[0012] The first operational amplifier is used to compare the standard harmonic voltage signal and the reference voltage signal to obtain an error signal, and to feed the error signal back to the transconductance amplifier;

[0013] The transconductance amplifier is also used to adjust the power amplifier output current according to the error signal.

[0014] Furthermore, the output terminal of the JAWS quantum voltage generator is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, the input terminal of the JAWS quantum voltage generator is connected to the first terminal of the main controller, and the third terminal of the JAWS quantum voltage generator is grounded;

[0015] The inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network via the linkage switch, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier is connected to the input terminal of the transconductance amplifier.

[0016] The first output terminal of the transconductance amplifier is connected to the first terminal of the load through the linkage switch, and the second output terminal of the transconductance amplifier is connected to the range input terminal of the precision feedback shunt network through the linkage switch.

[0017] The load input terminal of the precision feedback shunt network is connected to the second terminal of the load, and the ground terminal of the precision feedback shunt network is grounded through the linkage switch.

[0018] Furthermore, the precision feedback shunt network includes a first precision resistor, a second precision resistor, and a third precision resistor;

[0019] The output terminals of the precision feedback shunt network include a first output terminal, a second output terminal, and a third output terminal. The first output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network is the first output terminal of the first precision resistor, the second output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network is the first output terminal of the second precision resistor, and the third output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network is the first output terminal of the third precision resistor.

[0020] The grounding terminals of the precision feedback shunt network include a first grounding terminal, a second grounding terminal, and a third grounding terminal. The first grounding terminal is the second output terminal of the first precision resistor, the second grounding terminal is the second output terminal of the second precision resistor, and the third grounding terminal is the second output terminal of the third precision resistor.

[0021] The precision feedback shunt network has a range input terminal including a first range input terminal, a second range input terminal, and a third range input terminal; the first range input terminal is the first input terminal of the first precision resistor, the second range input terminal is the first input terminal of the second precision resistor, and the third range input terminal is the first input terminal of the third precision resistor.

[0022] The load input terminal of the precision feedback shunt network is the second input terminal of the second precision resistor.

[0023] Furthermore, the linkage switch includes a first single-pole three-throw switch, a second single-pole three-throw switch, and a third single-pole three-throw switch;

[0024] The common terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier, the first throw terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the first output terminal of the first precision resistor, the second throw terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the first output terminal of the second precision resistor, and the third throw terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the first output terminal of the third precision resistor.

[0025] The common terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch is grounded, the first throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch is connected to the first grounded terminal, the second throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch is connected to the second grounded terminal, and the third throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch is connected to the third grounded terminal.

[0026] The common terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the second output terminal of the transconductance amplifier, the first throw terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the first range input terminal, the second throw terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the second range input terminal, and the third throw terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch is connected to the third range input terminal.

[0027] Furthermore, the linkage switch includes a fourth single-pole three-throw switch and a fifth single-pole three-throw switch; the transconductance amplifier includes: a second operational amplifier, a power amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a current transformer, a transformer, and a capacitor;

[0028] The first end of the first resistor is the input terminal of the transconductance amplifier, and the second end of the first resistor is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the power amplifier.

[0029] The first end of the second resistor is connected to the second end of the first resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier;

[0030] The first end of the third resistor is connected to the inverting input terminal of the power amplifier, and the second end of the third resistor is grounded.

[0031] The first end of the fourth resistor is connected to the second end of the second resistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected to the inverting input of the second operational amplifier.

[0032] The first terminal of the current transformer is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier, the second terminal of the current transformer is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier, the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier is grounded, the third terminal of the current transformer is connected to the throwing terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch, and the common terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch is connected to the first terminal of the load.

[0033] The first terminal of the transformer is connected to the output terminal of the power amplifier, the second terminal of the transformer is grounded, the third terminal of the transformer is connected to the throwing terminal of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch, the fourth terminal of the transformer is the second output terminal of the transconductance amplifier, and the common terminal of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch is connected to the fourth terminal of the current transformer.

[0034] The first terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the output terminal of the power amplifier, the second terminal of the fifth resistor is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor, and the second terminal of the capacitor is grounded.

[0035] The first end of the third resistor is connected to the first end of the capacitor.

[0036] Furthermore, the first resistor and the second resistor constitute a proportional feedback resistor; the fourth resistor constitutes a current feedback resistor.

[0037] Furthermore, the third terminal of the current transformer includes a first winding terminal, a second winding terminal, and a third winding terminal; the third terminal of the current transformer is connected to the throwing terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch, including:

[0038] The first winding end is connected to the first throwing end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch, the second winding end is connected to the second throwing end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch, and the third winding end is connected to the third throwing end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch.

[0039] Furthermore, the third terminal of the transformer includes a fourth winding terminal, a fifth winding terminal, and a sixth winding terminal; the third terminal of the transformer is connected to the throwing terminal of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch, including:

[0040] The fourth winding end is connected to the first throwing end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch, the fifth winding end is connected to the second throwing end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch, and the sixth winding end is connected to the third throwing end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for outputting a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage, applicable to the standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage, comprising:

[0042] Read the power amplifier output current output from the transconductance amplifier;

[0043] Determine the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls, and switch the position of the linkage switch according to the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls, so that the resistance value of the precision feedback shunt network and the turns ratio of the transconductance amplifier are changed according to the position of the linkage switch after switching, so as to obtain the target turns ratio and the target resistance value.

[0044] The target voltage value is determined based on the target turns ratio, the power amplifier output current, and the target resistance value.

[0045] An encoding is generated based on the target voltage value, and the encoding is sent to the JAWS quantum voltage generator so that the JAWS quantum voltage generator can output a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the target voltage value after decoding the encoding.

[0046] Furthermore, before generating the code based on the target voltage value, the method further includes:

[0047] Obtain the known error value of the precision feedback shunt network;

[0048] Based on the known error value, the target voltage value is calibrated to obtain the calibrated target voltage value.

[0049] The following benefits can be obtained by implementing the present invention:

[0050] This invention provides a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage and a method for outputting the standard harmonic current source. The standard harmonic current source includes a JAWS quantum voltage generator, a transconductance amplifier, a main controller, a linkage switch, a precision feedback shunt network, and a first operational amplifier. The standard harmonic current source reads the output current of the power amplifier through the main controller, determines the current range, and switches the linkage switch position. Simultaneously, it drives the transconductance amplifier to adjust its turns ratio and the precision feedback shunt network to switch precision resistors. A highly stable reference voltage signal is generated by the JAWS quantum voltage generator, combined with the error rate of the first operational amplifier. The differential comparison mechanism feeds back the error between the standard harmonic voltage signal and the reference voltage signal to the transconductance amplifier, forming a closed-loop control that dynamically corrects the power amplifier output current, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the current output. The linkage switch can adjust the transformation ratio of the transconductance amplifier and the resistance value of the precision feedback shunt network, allowing the system to flexibly adapt to different current ranges, expanding the range of harmonic current output, and meeting diverse testing needs. After the error signal is fed back to the transconductance amplifier, the power amplifier output current is adjusted in real time, forming a dynamic optimization closed loop that effectively suppresses current fluctuations, enhances system stability, and ensures that the output current continuously meets the target accuracy requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage according to a certain embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of a standard harmonic current source output method based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage provided in a certain embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0054] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0055] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing description of the drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0056] In the description of the embodiments of this application, technical terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number, specific order, or primary and secondary relationship of the indicated technical features. In the description of the embodiments of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0057] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0058] In the description of the embodiments in this application, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0059] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" refers to two or more (including two), similarly, "multiple sets" refers to two or more (including two sets), and "multiple pieces" refers to two or more (including two pieces).

[0060] In the description of the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, technical terms such as "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the embodiments of this application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0061] See Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: JAWS quantum voltage generator 1, transconductance amplifier 2, main controller 3, linkage switch 4, precision feedback shunt network 5, and first operational amplifier 6.

[0062] The JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 is used to generate a reference voltage signal;

[0063] The transconductance amplifier 2 is used to generate a power amplifier output current based on the reference voltage signal;

[0064] The main controller 3 is used to read the power amplifier output current output by the transconductance amplifier 2; determine the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls; and switch the position of the linkage switch 4 according to the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls.

[0065] The transconductance amplifier 2 is also used to adjust the turns ratio according to the gear position switched by the linkage switch 4 to obtain the target turns ratio;

[0066] The precision feedback shunt network 5 is used to adjust the connected precision resistor according to the gear position after the linkage switch 4 is switched, so as to obtain the target resistance value.

[0067] The main controller 3 is further configured to determine a target voltage value based on the target turns ratio, the power amplifier output current, and the target resistance; generate an encoding based on the target voltage value; and send the encoding to the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1.

[0068] The JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 is also used to output a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the target voltage value after decoding the encoding;

[0069] The first operational amplifier 6 is used to compare the standard harmonic voltage signal and the reference voltage signal to obtain an error signal, and to feed the error signal back to the transconductance amplifier 2;

[0070] The transconductance amplifier 2 is also used to adjust the power amplifier output current according to the error signal.

[0071] In a preferred embodiment, the output terminal of the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier 6, the input terminal of the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 is connected to the first terminal of the main controller 3, and the third terminal of the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 is grounded.

[0072] The inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier 6 is connected to the output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 through the linkage switch 4, and the output terminal of the first operational amplifier 6 is connected to the input terminal of the transconductance amplifier 2.

[0073] The first output terminal of the transconductance amplifier 2 is connected to the first terminal of the load RL through the linkage switch 4, and the second output terminal of the transconductance amplifier 2 is connected to the range input terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 through the linkage switch 4.

[0074] The input terminal of the load RL of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is connected to the second terminal of the load RL, and the ground terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is grounded through the linkage switch 4.

[0075] Specifically, the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 consists of a Josephson array chip, microwave, cryogenic refrigerator, high-temperature crystal, pulse code generator, low-pass filter, etc., and is used to generate a precise harmonic signal source based on the Josephson quantum effect. Since the voltage value output by the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 is only related to the fundamental physical constant, it has extremely high stability and accuracy. In addition, the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 has a wide bandwidth output capability and can synthesize harmonic signal sources of AC quantum voltages of various frequencies and amplitudes that are close to the ideal waveform. It has ultra-low noise and distortion. Compared with signal sources made of traditional semiconductor devices, the amplitude of the signal synthesized by the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 can be traced back to the natural constant. Its output waveform has the advantages of ultra-low noise and ultra-low distortion. Its uncertainty in the range of 50kHz to 10kHz is better than 5ppm.

[0076] Specifically, the main controller 3 is used for waveform fitting, modulating the desired waveform into a series of digital codes and sending them to the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1. At the same time, it can make algorithm corrections based on the actual accuracy of the precision feedback shunt network 5. The main controller 3 and the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 are connected through control signal lines.

[0077] Specifically, the first operational amplifier 6 uses the MAX40110, where the typical bias current is 1pA. When the minimum output current is 0.1A, the bias current accounts for less than 10 to the power of -10, which is negligible. It features rail-to-rail input and output as well as low noise characteristics. Due to the optimization of the input stage using an ultra-quiet charge pump, there is no input crossover distortion. As the first stage of input amplification, the input voltage noise density is only [value missing]. The input current noise density is only With a distortion of only 0.00035%, after deep feedback, the voltage signal output by the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 can be completely reproduced on the output voltage of the shunt. Thus, the accuracy of the output current is mainly determined by the accuracy of the shunt.

[0078] In a preferred embodiment, the precision feedback shunt network 5 includes a first precision resistor Rb1, a second precision resistor Rb2, and a third precision resistor Rb3.

[0079] The output terminals of the precision feedback shunt network 5 include a first output terminal, a second output terminal, and a third output terminal. The first output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is the first output terminal of the first precision resistor Rb1, the second output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is the first output terminal of the second precision resistor Rb2, and the third output terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is the first output terminal of the third precision resistor Rb3.

[0080] The grounding terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 includes a first grounding terminal, a second grounding terminal, and a third grounding terminal. The first grounding terminal is the second output terminal of the first precision resistor Rb1, the second grounding terminal is the second output terminal of the second precision resistor Rb2, and the third grounding terminal is the second output terminal of the third precision resistor Rb3.

[0081] The precision feedback shunt network 5 has a range input terminal including a first range input terminal, a second range input terminal, and a third range input terminal; the first range input terminal is the first input terminal of the first precision resistor Rb1, the second range input terminal is the first input terminal of the second precision resistor Rb2, and the third range input terminal is the first input terminal of the third precision resistor Rb3.

[0082] The load RL input terminal of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is the second input terminal of the second precision resistor Rb2;

[0083] Specifically, the first precision resistor Rb1, the second precision resistor Rb2, and the third precision resistor Rb3 are all A40B precision resistors, with the first precision resistor Rb1 having a resistance of 1.6Ω, the second precision resistor Rb2 having a resistance of 0.16Ω, and the third precision resistor Rb3 having a resistance of 0.016Ω.

[0084] It should be noted that the precision feedback shunt network 5, which uses A40B precision resistors, has a DC current measurement uncertainty of 20ppm to 32ppm and an AC current measurement uncertainty of 23ppm to 55ppm. Furthermore, its low-inductance coaxial shunt design minimizes the influence of external magnetic fields while ensuring the precision of its internal physical structure and components. This results in a flat frequency response, low self-heating power coefficient, and low temperature coefficient. These characteristics enable the precision feedback shunt network 5 to achieve stable resistance characteristics over a wide current range, thereby improving measurement accuracy and stability. The A40B shunt also exhibits a small phase shift within 100kHz, which is negligible and crucial for measuring current harmonic output.

[0085] Because the precision feedback shunt network 5 of the A40B precision resistor in this application uses a self-heating system, it can be calibrated by tracing back to the DC resistance sub-reference. Furthermore, since the content of harmonics above the 15th harmonic is very small, the proportion of the error of higher harmonics converted to the fundamental frequency error is very small. Generally, the content of harmonics above the 15th harmonic does not exceed 1 / n (where n is the harmonic order). The formula for calculating the uncertainty of the harmonic current is u(ΔI). k / I1)=[u(ΔI k Therefore, although the accuracy of the precision feedback shunt network 5 of this application decreases under higher harmonics, its percentage of the fundamental frequency is very small, and its impact on the overall reference uncertainty is minimal.

[0086] In a preferred embodiment, the linkage switch 4 includes a first single-pole three-throw switch K1a, a second single-pole three-throw switch K1b, and a third single-pole three-throw switch K1c.

[0087] The common terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch K1a is connected to the inverting input terminal of the first operational amplifier 6, the first throw terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch K1a is connected to the first output terminal of the first precision resistor Rb1, the second throw terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch K1a is connected to the first output terminal of the second precision resistor Rb2, and the third throw terminal of the first single-pole triple-throw switch K1a is connected to the first output terminal of the third precision resistor Rb3.

[0088] The common terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b is grounded, the first throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b is connected to the first grounded terminal, the second throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b is connected to the second grounded terminal, and the third throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b is connected to the third grounded terminal.

[0089] The common terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch K1c is connected to the second output terminal of the transconductance amplifier 2, the first throw terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch K1c is connected to the first range input terminal, the second throw terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch K1c is connected to the second range input terminal, and the third throw terminal of the third single-pole triple-throw switch K1c is connected to the third range input terminal.

[0090] Indicatively, the first single-pole triple-throw switch K1a, the second single-pole triple-throw switch K1b, the third single-pole triple-throw switch K1c, the fourth single-pole triple-throw switch K1d, and the fifth single-pole triple-throw switch K1e together constitute the linkage switch 4. When the position of the linkage switch 4 is switched, the blades of the first single-pole triple-throw switch K1a, the second single-pole triple-throw switch K1b, and the third single-pole triple-throw switch K1c will overlap with the corresponding throw terminals, thereby changing the current range of the precision feedback shunt network 5.

[0091] Specifically, the linkage switch 4 has three positions: a first position, a second position, and a third position.

[0092] When the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the first position, the blade of the first single-pole three-throw switch K1a is connected to the first throw terminal of the first single-pole three-throw switch K1a, the blade of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b is connected to the first throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b, the blade of the third single-pole three-throw switch K1c is connected to the first throw terminal of the third single-pole three-throw switch K1c, and the first precision resistor Rb1 is connected to the standard harmonic current source. At this time, the resistance of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is 1.6Ω.

[0093] When the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the second position, the blade of the first single-pole three-throw switch K1a is connected to the second throw terminal of the first single-pole three-throw switch K1a, the blade of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b is connected to the second throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b, the blade of the third single-pole three-throw switch K1c is connected to the second throw terminal of the third single-pole three-throw switch K1c, and the second precision resistor Rb2 is connected to the standard harmonic current source. At this time, the resistance of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is 0.16Ω.

[0094] When the linkage switch 4 is set to the third position, the blade of the first single-pole three-throw switch K1a is connected to the third throw terminal of the first single-pole three-throw switch K1a, the blade of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b is connected to the third throw terminal of the second single-pole three-throw switch K1b, the blade of the third single-pole three-throw switch K1c is connected to the third throw terminal of the third single-pole three-throw switch K1c, and the third precision resistor Rb3 is connected to the standard harmonic current source. At this time, the resistance of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is 0.016Ω.

[0095] In a preferred embodiment, the linkage switch 4 includes a fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d and a fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e; the transconductance amplifier 2 includes: a second operational amplifier A2, a power amplifier A3, a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2, a third resistor R3, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a current transformer TR, a transformer TP, and a capacitor C1.

[0096] The first end of the first resistor R1 is the input terminal of the transconductance amplifier 2, and the second end of the first resistor R1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the power amplifier A3.

[0097] The first end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the second end of the first resistor R1, and the second end of the second resistor R2 is connected to the output terminal of the second operational amplifier A2.

[0098] The first end of the third resistor R3 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the power amplifier A3, and the second end of the third resistor R3 is grounded.

[0099] The first end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the second end of the second resistor R2, and the second end of the fourth resistor R4 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2.

[0100] The first terminal of the current transformer TR is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2, the second terminal of the current transformer TR is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2, the non-inverting input terminal of the second operational amplifier A2 is grounded, the third terminal of the current transformer TR is connected to the throwing terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d, and the common terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d is connected to the first terminal of the load RL.

[0101] The first end of the transformer TP is connected to the output end of the power amplifier A3, the second end of the transformer TP is grounded, the third end of the transformer TP is connected to the throw end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e, the fourth end of the transformer TP is the second output end of the transconductance amplifier 2, and the common end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e is connected to the fourth end of the current transformer TR.

[0102] The first end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the output terminal of the power amplifier A3, the second end of the fifth resistor R5 is connected to the first end of the capacitor C1, and the second end of the capacitor C1 is grounded.

[0103] The first terminal of the third resistor R3 is connected to the first terminal of the capacitor C1;

[0104] Specifically, the power amplifier A3 uses an LM12CL, with a steady-state power of up to 80W. It employs a dual-loop feedback circuit with DC transformer TP primary-side feedback and AC transformer TP secondary-side feedback, which can effectively suppress the DC offset voltage of the power amplifier and ensure deep negative feedback of the AC signal on the load RL side. The transformer TP is used to isolate the output, ensuring that there is no loop current in the voltage output of the precision feedback shunt network 5, and ensuring that the feedback voltage output of the precision feedback shunt network 5 is directly compared with the voltage output of the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1, ensuring that the difference between the two is close to zero.

[0105] Specifically, the fifth resistor R5 and capacitor C1 form a near 1:1 negative feedback for DC, while the feedback for AC is negligible; ensuring that the operational amplifier's offset voltage will not oscillate due to the isolation of the transformer TP.

[0106] In a preferred embodiment, the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 constitute a proportional feedback resistor; the fourth resistor R4 constitutes a current feedback resistor.

[0107] Specifically, the second operational amplifier A2 uses an ADA4522, whose main function is to convert the feedback current into a voltage value; the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 constitute a proportional feedback resistor, and the resistance values ​​of the first resistor R1 and the second resistor R2 are both 5kΩ.

[0108] Specifically, the fourth resistor R4 is a current feedback resistor, and the resistance value of the fourth resistor R4 is 80Ω;

[0109] Specifically, the third resistor R3 is a zero-position matching resistor, and the resistance value of the third resistor R3 is 5kΩ;

[0110] Specifically, the resistance of the fifth resistor R5 is 100kΩ.

[0111] In a preferred embodiment, the third terminal of the current transformer TR includes a first winding terminal, a second winding terminal, and a third winding terminal; the third terminal of the current transformer TR is connected to the throwing terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d, including:

[0112] The first winding end is connected to the first throwing end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d, the second winding end is connected to the second throwing end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d, and the third winding end is connected to the third throwing end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d.

[0113] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the first position, the blade of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d is connected to the first throw end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d.

[0114] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the second position, the blade of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d is connected to the second throw end of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d.

[0115] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the third position, the blade of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d is connected to the third throw terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d.

[0116] In a preferred embodiment, the third terminal of the transformer TP includes a fourth winding terminal, a fifth winding terminal, and a sixth winding terminal; the third terminal of the transformer TP is connected to the throwing terminal of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e, including:

[0117] The fourth winding end is connected to the first throwing end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e, the fifth winding end is connected to the second throwing end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e, and the sixth winding end is connected to the third throwing end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e.

[0118] Schematic illustration: The transconductance amplifier 2 is controlled by a fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d and a fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e to control V. if Voltage is converted into current outputs of 0.5A, 5A, and 50A. out Its transfer formula is as follows:

[0119]

[0120] Among them, TR n For different gear ratios; R1 is the resistance value of the proportional feedback resistor; R2 is the resistance value of the current feedback resistor;

[0121] Since R1 = R2 = 5kΩ and R4 = 80Ω, we can conclude that:

[0122]

[0123] make We can obtain I out =G×V if ;

[0124] It should be noted that the value of G is intended to match the output of power amplifier A3;

[0125] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the first position, the blade of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e is connected to the first throw end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e.

[0126] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the second position, the blade of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e is connected to the second throw end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e.

[0127] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the third position, the blade of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e is connected to the third throw end of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e.

[0128] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the first position, since the blade of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d is connected to the first throw terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d and the blade of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e is connected to the first throw terminal of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e, the transformation ratio of the transconductance amplifier 2 is 0.5A (1:50).

[0129] Specifically, when the position of the linkage switch 4 is set to the second position, since the blade of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d is connected to the second throw terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d and the blade of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e is connected to the second throw terminal of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e, the transformation ratio of the transconductance amplifier 2 is 5A (1:500).

[0130] Specifically, when the linkage switch 4 is set to the third position, since the blade of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d is connected to the third throw terminal of the fourth single-pole three-throw switch K1d and the blade of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e is connected to the third throw terminal of the fifth single-pole three-throw switch K1e, the transformation ratio of the transconductance amplifier 2 is 50A (1:5000).

[0131] See Figure 2 This invention provides a method for outputting a standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage, applicable to the standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC quantum voltage, comprising:

[0132] S1. Read the power amplifier output current output by the transconductance amplifier 2;

[0133] Indicatively, the accuracy of the output current of the standard harmonic current source is mainly determined by the accuracy of the signal waveform of the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 and the accuracy of the precision feedback shunt network 5.

[0134] S2. Determine the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls, and switch the position of the linkage switch 4 according to the current range into which the power amplifier output current falls, so that the resistance value of the precision feedback shunt network 5 and the transformation ratio of the transconductance amplifier 2 are changed according to the position after the linkage switch 4 is switched, so as to obtain the target transformation ratio and the target resistance value.

[0135] Specifically, initially, the linkage switch 4 is set to the first position, and the main controller 3 controls the output V. i =0V;

[0136] Specifically, the power amplifier output current of the transconductance amplifier 2 is read, and the current range in which the power amplifier output current falls is determined: when the power amplifier output current is 0.1A ≤ I out When the current is ≤0.5A, the linkage switch 4 is in the first position; when the power amplifier output current is ≤0.5A... out When the current is ≤5A, the linkage switch 4 is in the second position; when the power amplifier output current is 5A≤I... out When the current is ≤50A, the linkage switch 4 is in the third position.

[0137] S3. Determine the target voltage value based on the target turns ratio, the power amplifier output current, and the target resistance value;

[0138] Specifically, the target voltage value is determined based on the target turns ratio, the power amplifier output current, and the target resistance value.

[0139] Assuming the linkage switch 4 is in the first position, it means an output of 0.5A is required. When the linkage switch 4 is in the first position, the precision resistor connected to the precision feedback shunt network 5 is the first precision resistor Rb1, with a resistance of Rb1 = 1.6Ω. Therefore, the target voltage value can be calculated as follows:

[0140] Vi=Iout*Rb1=0.5A×1.6Ω=0.8V;

[0141] S4. Generate an encoding based on the target voltage value and send the encoding to the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 so that the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 outputs a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the target voltage value after decoding the encoding.

[0142] Specifically, an encoding is generated based on the target voltage value, and the encoding is sent to the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 so that the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1 outputs a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the target voltage value after decoding the encoding.

[0143] In a preferred embodiment, before generating the code based on the target voltage value, the method further includes:

[0144] Obtain the known error value of the precision feedback shunt network 5;

[0145] Based on the known error value, the target voltage value is calibrated to obtain the calibrated target voltage value;

[0146] Specifically, when calibrating the precision feedback shunt network 5, one can consult a known calibration certificate for the precision feedback shunt network 5 to determine the error value e, and then, based on V... i = (1+e)×V i A calibration is performed to obtain a calibrated target voltage value, and an encoding is generated based on the calibrated target voltage value. The encoding is then sent to the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1, so that the JAWS quantum voltage generator 1, after decoding the encoding, outputs a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the calibrated target voltage value.

[0147] The above description represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac voltage sub-voltages, characterized by The JAWS quantum voltage generator, the transconductance amplifier, the main controller, the linkage switch, the precision feedback shunt network, and the first operational amplifier are included. The JAWS quantum voltage generator is configured to generate a reference voltage signal. The transconductance amplifier is configured to generate a power amplifier output current according to the reference voltage signal. The main controller is configured to read the power amplifier output current output by the transconductance amplifier, determine a current interval in which the power amplifier output current falls, and switch a gear of the linkage switch according to the current interval in which the power amplifier output current falls. The transconductance amplifier is further configured to adjust a variable ratio according to the gear switched by the linkage switch to obtain a target variable ratio. The precision feedback shunt network is configured to adjust a precision resistor accessed according to the gear switched by the linkage switch to obtain a target resistance value. The main controller is further configured to determine a target voltage value according to the target variable ratio, the power amplifier output current, and the target resistance value, generate a code according to the target voltage value, and send the code to the JAWS quantum voltage generator. The JAWS quantum voltage generator is further configured to output a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the target voltage value after decoding the code. The first operational amplifier is configured to compare the standard harmonic voltage signal and the reference voltage signal to obtain an error signal, and feed back the error signal to the transconductance amplifier. The transconductance amplifier is further configured to adjust the power amplifier output current according to the error signal. An output end of the JAWS quantum voltage generator is connected to a non-inverting input end of the first operational amplifier, an input end of the JAWS quantum voltage generator is connected to a first end of the main controller, and a third end of the JAWS quantum voltage generator is grounded.

2. The standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac voltage sub-voltages of claim 1, characterized in that, A reverse input end of the first operational amplifier is connected to an output end of the precision feedback shunt network through the linkage switch, and an output end of the first operational amplifier is connected to an input end of the transconductance amplifier. A first output end of the transconductance amplifier is connected to a first end of a load through the linkage switch, and a second output end of the transconductance amplifier is connected to a range input end of the precision feedback shunt network through the linkage switch. A load input end of the precision feedback shunt network is connected to a second end of the load, and a ground end of the precision feedback shunt network is grounded through the linkage switch. The precision feedback shunt network includes a first precision resistor, a second precision resistor, and a third precision resistor.

3. The standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac sub-voltage of claim 2, wherein, An output end of the precision feedback shunt network includes a first output end, a second output end, and a third output end, the first output end of the precision feedback shunt network is a first output end of the first precision resistor, the second output end of the precision feedback shunt network is a first output end of the second precision resistor, and the third output end of the precision feedback shunt network is a first output end of the third precision resistor. ​ The ground end of the precision feedback shunt network comprises a first ground end, a second ground end and a third ground end, the first ground end is the second output end of the first precision resistor, the second ground end is the second output end of the second precision resistor, and the third ground end is the second output end of the third precision resistor; The range input end of the precision feedback shunt network comprises a first range input end, a second range input end and a third range input end; the first range input end is the first input end of the first precision resistor, the second range input end is the first input end of the second precision resistor, and the third range input end is the first input end of the third precision resistor; The load input end of the precision feedback shunt network is the second input end of the second precision resistor.

4. The standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac voltage sub-voltages of claim 3, wherein, The linkage switch comprises a first single-pole three-throw switch, a second single-pole three-throw switch and a third single-pole three-throw switch; The common end of the first single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the inverting input end of the first operational amplifier, the first-throw end of the first single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the first output end of the first precision resistor, the second-throw end of the first single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the first output end of the second precision resistor, and the third-throw end of the first single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the first output end of the third precision resistor; The common end of the second single-pole three-throw switch is grounded, the first-throw end of the second single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the first ground end, the second-throw end of the second single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the second ground end, and the third-throw end of the second single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the third ground end; The common end of the third single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the second output end of the transconductance amplifier, the first-throw end of the third single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the first range input end, the second-throw end of the third single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the second range input end, and the third-throw end of the third single-pole three-throw switch is connected with the third range input end.

5. The standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac voltage sub-voltages of claim 4, wherein, The linkage switch comprises a fourth single-pole three-throw switch and a fifth single-pole three-throw switch; the transconductance amplifier comprises a second operational amplifier, a power amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a fifth resistor, a mutual inductor, a transformer and a capacitor; The first end of the first resistor is the input end of the transconductance amplifier, and the second end of the first resistor is connected with the non-inverting input end of the power amplifier; The first end of the second resistor is connected with the second end of the first resistor, and the second end of the second resistor is connected with the output end of the second operational amplifier; The first end of the third resistor is connected with the inverting input end of the power amplifier, and the second end of the third resistor is grounded; The first end of the fourth resistor is connected with the second end of the second resistor, and the second end of the fourth resistor is connected with the inverting input end of the second operational amplifier; The first end of the mutual inductor is connected with the reverse input end of the second operational amplifier, the second end of the mutual inductor is connected with the same direction input end of the second operational amplifier, the same direction input end of the second operational amplifier is grounded, the third end of the mutual inductor is connected with the throw end of the fourth single-pole triple-throw switch, and the common end of the fourth single-pole triple-throw switch is connected with the first end of the load; The first end of the transformer is connected with the output end of the power amplifier, the second end of the transformer is grounded, the third end of the transformer is connected with the throw end of the fifth single-pole triple-throw switch, the fourth end of the transformer is the second output end of the transconductance amplifier, and the common end of the fifth single-pole triple-throw switch is connected with the fourth end of the mutual inductor; The first end of the fifth resistor is connected with the output end of the power amplifier, the second end of the fifth resistor is connected with the first end of the capacitor, and the second end of the capacitor is grounded. The first end of the third resistor is connected with the first end of the capacitor.

6. The standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac subvoltages of claim 5, wherein, The first resistor and the second resistor constitute proportional feedback resistors, and the fourth resistor constitutes a current feedback resistor.

7. The standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac voltage sub-voltages of claim 6, wherein, The third end of the mutual inductor includes a first winding end, a second winding end and a third winding end; the third end of the mutual inductor is connected with the throw end of the fourth single-pole triple-throw switch, including: The first winding end is connected with the first throw end of the fourth single-pole triple-throw switch, the second winding end is connected with the second throw end of the fourth single-pole triple-throw switch, and the third winding end is connected with the third throw end of the fourth single-pole triple-throw switch.

8. The standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven ac voltage sub-voltages of claim 7, characterized in that, The third end of the transformer includes a fourth winding end, a fifth winding end and a sixth winding end; The third end of the transformer is connected with the throw end of the fifth single-pole triple-throw switch, including: The fourth winding end is connected with the first throw end of the fifth single-pole triple-throw switch, the fifth winding end is connected with the second throw end of the fifth single-pole triple-throw switch, and the sixth winding end is connected with the third throw end of the fifth single-pole triple-throw switch.

9. A method for outputting standard harmonic current sources based on pulse-driven AC sub-voltages, suitable for the standard harmonic current source based on pulse-driven AC sub-voltages according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Including: reading the power amplifier output current output by the transconductance amplifier; determining the current interval in which the power amplifier output current falls, and switching the gear of the linkage switch according to the current interval in which the power amplifier output current falls, so that the resistance value of the precision feedback shunt network and the transformation ratio of the transconductance amplifier are changed according to the gear switched by the linkage switch, to obtain a target transformation ratio and a target resistance value; determining a target voltage value according to the target transformation ratio, the power amplifier output current and the target resistance value; generating a code according to the target voltage value, and sending the code to a JAWS quantum voltage generator, so that the JAWS quantum voltage generator outputs a standard harmonic voltage signal corresponding to the target voltage value after decoding the code.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the output of the standard harmonic current source based on the pulse-driven ac voltage is characterized by, Before generating the code according to the target voltage value, further comprising: obtaining a known error value of the precision feedback shunt network; calibrating the target voltage value according to the known error value to obtain a calibrated target voltage value.

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