A variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch, control method, system, device and medium

Abstract

The present invention provides a variable-step on-load tap-changing switch, a control method, a system, an apparatus and a medium, comprising at least one static contact unit, two moving contact mechanisms that slide independently on the static contact unit and a control device connected to the two moving contact mechanisms; the static contact unit comprises three static contacts, all of which are arranged in a circular array; each moving contact mechanism realizes uninterrupted conductive connection switching with each static contact during the sliding process; the present invention enables the two moving contact mechanisms to slide to a static contact of any potential within one step through the characteristics of matching the number of static contacts and moving contact mechanisms, independent movement of the moving contact mechanisms and the arrangement of all static contacts in a circular array, and to form seven voltage adjustment gears through the combination and connection of two of the static contacts of multiple potentials, thereby realizing one-step switching between variable-step voltage regulation and any voltage adjustment gear, thereby realizing rapid adjustment across gears.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of electrical switches, and in particular relates to a variable-step-size on-load tap-changing switch, a control method, a system, a device and a medium. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the massive influx of renewable energy generation and new loads (such as industrial loads, railway traction loads, and charging loads) with random, intermittent, and volatile power output has connected to the power grid. This has led to rapid fluctuations in grid line voltage, impacting power system stability, power equipment reliability, and user safety. Furthermore, some scenarios require flexible and rapid supply voltage regulation to meet production process requirements. These challenges and demands have posed numerous new challenges to the flexible and rapid regulation of supply voltage.

[0003] Supply voltage regulation is typically achieved through technologies such as transformer voltage regulation and reactive power compensation. Transformer voltage regulation technology can achieve continuous voltage adjustment without power outages by combining multiple winding taps with on-load tap-changers (OLTs) and series-parallel power electronic converters. Compared to the latter, the former, combined with OLTs, offers advantages such as simplicity, reliability, and low maintenance, and is widely used in power grids, railways, industry, and other sectors. However, existing OLTs (including mechanical and hybrid mechanical-electronic types) have slow adjustment speeds and lack flexible switching between gears. For example, switching between any gears in one step is impossible, limiting both response speed and voltage regulation step size. This makes it difficult to adapt to the demands for rapid on-load voltage regulation or the development of new transformers in future power supply and consumption scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention proposes a variable step-length on-load tap-changing switch, comprising: at least one static contact unit, two movable contact mechanisms that slide independently on the static contact unit, and a control device connected to the two movable contact mechanisms;

[0005] The static contact unit includes three static contacts, which are correspondingly connected to the three input terminals of the on-load tap changer. All the static contacts are arranged in a circular array, with a spacing between two adjacent static contacts.

[0006] Each of the moving contact mechanisms realizes uninterrupted conductive connection switching with each of the static contacts during the sliding process; the moving contact mechanism is connected to the output end of the on-load tap-changing switch.

[0007] Preferably, each of the static contacts has two conductive surfaces, and the two conductive surfaces of all the static contacts respectively form two circumferential surfaces, and the two moving contact mechanisms slide independently along the two circumferential surfaces.

[0008] Preferably, each of the moving contact mechanisms comprises a rotating disk coaxially arranged with the circumferential surface, a transition current limiter conductively connected and fixed to the rotating disk, an adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter, and a metal pole;

[0009] The transition current limiter, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter and one end of the metal pole are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the turntable, and the other ends of the transition current limiter, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter and the metal pole are in sliding contact with the conductive surface; the spacing between the transition current limiter and the metal pole is smaller than the width of the conductive surface and greater than the set electrical insulation clearance; the turntable is connected to the output end of the on-load tap-changer.

[0010] Preferably, when the voltage between the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter and the static contact in contact with it is greater than or equal to a set voltage protection value, the impedance of the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter is less than a set impedance lower limit value;

[0011] When the voltage between the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter and the static contact in contact with the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter is lower than the voltage protection value, the impedance of the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter is higher than a set impedance upper limit value.

[0012] Preferably, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter includes one of the following:

[0013] Zener diodes, thyristors, and varistors.

[0014] Preferably, when the number of the static contact units is two or more, the three static contacts in each static contact unit are coded in ascending order, and the multiple static contact units are coded cyclically. The static contacts with the same coding in each static contact unit are connected through an interconnected busbar, and after connection, the static contacts with the same coding are correspondingly connected to the three input terminals of the on-load tap-changing switch, and the three input terminals are connected to different taps of the power supply or transformer winding.

[0015] Preferably, controllable switches are provided on the transition current limiter and the metal pole.

[0016] Preferably, the control device includes a turntable driver connected to the turntable and a controller electrically connected to the turntable driver.

[0017] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a control method for a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch. Based on the on-load tap-changing switch as described above, the control method includes:

[0018] Based on different voltage regulation targets, different voltage regulation gears corresponding to the different voltage regulation targets are determined; the different voltage regulation gears are formed based on the combination of all two-by-two connections between the static contacts of the on-load tap changer;

[0019] Based on each voltage adjustment gear, the control device controls the two moving contact mechanisms to independently switch between the static contacts of the static contact unit without interruption, so that the two moving contact mechanisms are respectively electrically connected to the two static contacts corresponding to the voltage adjustment gear, and the voltage adjustment amount of the voltage adjustment gear is output from the two moving contact mechanisms to realize variable step voltage regulation.

[0020] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a control system for a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch, comprising:

[0021] A gear position determination module is used to determine different voltage regulation gear positions corresponding to different voltage regulation targets based on different voltage regulation targets; different voltage regulation gear positions are formed based on the connection combinations between all two static contacts of the on-load tap changer;

[0022] The control module is used to control the two moving contact mechanisms to switch independently and continuously between the static contacts of the static contact unit based on each voltage adjustment gear through the control device, so that the two moving contact mechanisms are respectively electrically connected to the two static contacts corresponding to the voltage adjustment gear. The voltage adjustment amount of the voltage adjustment gear is output from the two moving contact mechanisms to realize variable step voltage regulation.

[0023] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer device, comprising: one or more processors;

[0024] a memory for storing one or more programs;

[0025] When the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the aforementioned method for controlling a variable-step-size on-load tap-changing switch is implemented.

[0026] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon. When the computer program is executed, the control method of the variable-step-size on-load tap-changing switch as described above is implemented.

[0027] Compared with the closest prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0028] The present invention provides a variable step-length on-load tap-changing switch, comprising at least one static contact unit, two movable contact mechanisms that slide independently on the static contact unit, and a control device connected to the two movable contact mechanisms; the static contact unit comprises three static contacts, the three static contacts are correspondingly connected to the three input terminals of the on-load tap-changing switch, all the static contacts are arranged in a circular array, and there is a spacing between two adjacent static contacts; each movable contact mechanism realizes an uninterrupted conductive connection switching with each static contact during the sliding process; the movable contact mechanism is connected to the output terminal of the on-load tap-changing switch; the switch is controlled by matching the number of static contacts and movable contact mechanisms. , the independent movement characteristics of the two moving contact mechanisms and the characteristics of all static contacts being arranged in a circular array enable the two moving contact mechanisms to slide to the static contact of any potential within one step, and the static contacts of multiple potentials are connected in pairs to achieve coordination between the three input terminals, forming 7 voltage adjustment gears, thereby realizing variable step voltage regulation and switching between any voltage adjustment gears in one step, solving the shortcomings of traditional on-load tap-changing switches that cannot achieve cross-gear regulation, fast regulation, and variable step regulation; it also solves the problems of using multiple ordinary external switches to achieve fast on-load regulation, such as a large number of switches, large space occupied, and inability to be integrated with other primary equipment such as transformers.

[0029] The present invention also provides a control method, system, equipment and medium for a variable-step on-load voltage-regulating switch, including controlling two moving contact mechanisms to independently switch between all static contacts of a static contact unit based on different voltage regulation targets through a control device, so that all static contacts of the on-load voltage-regulating switch are connected in pairs to form multiple voltage regulation gears; multiple voltage regulation gears correspond to different voltage regulation targets; the voltage regulation amount of each voltage regulation gear is output from the two moving contact mechanisms to achieve variable-step voltage regulation; this method and system controls the two moving contact mechanisms to slide to a static contact of any potential within one step, and connects the static contacts of multiple potentials in pairs to achieve coordination between three input terminals to form 7 voltage regulation gears, thereby achieving variable-step voltage regulation and one-step switching between any voltage regulation gears, solving the shortcomings of traditional on-load voltage-regulating switches that cannot achieve cross-gear regulation, fast regulation, and variable-step regulation, and can achieve one-step switching between any gears, arbitrary variable step length, and fast cross-gear regulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 for Figure 1Schematic diagram of the positional relationship among the intermediate transition current limiter Z1, the transition current limiter Z2, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV1, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2, the metal pole P1, and the metal pole P2;

[0032] Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch combined with a controllable switch provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the positional relationship among the intermediate transition current limiter Z1, the transition current limiter Z2, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV1, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2, the metal pole P1, and the metal pole P2;

[0034] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the input and output states of a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 The application diagram of a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 7 The application diagram of a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch provided by the present invention is as follows: Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 8 A schematic flow chart of a control method for a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 9 for Figure 1 The upper right corner partial schematic diagram of the sliding switching process of the moving contact mechanism;

[0039] Figure 10 for Figure 3 The upper right corner partial schematic diagram of the sliding switching process after the moving contact mechanism is combined with the controllable switch;

[0040] Figure 11 A schematic diagram of the control system structure of a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch provided by the present invention;

[0041] Figure 12 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by the present invention;

[0042] Among them, 1. Moving contact mechanism; 2. Static contact; 3. Turntable; 4. Transition current limiter; 5. Adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter; 6. Metal pole; 7. Controllable switch; 8. Turntable drive; 9. Interconnecting bus; 10. Controller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Example 1:

[0045] The present invention provides a variable step size on-load voltage regulating switch, such as Figure 1 As shown, it comprises: at least one static contact unit, two movable contact mechanisms 1 that slide independently on the static contact unit, and a control device connected to the two movable contact mechanisms 1;

[0046] The static contact unit includes three static contacts 2, which are connected to the three input terminals of the on-load tap changer. All the static contacts 2 are arranged in a circular array, with a spacing between two adjacent static contacts.

[0047] Each of the moving contact mechanisms 1 realizes an uninterrupted conductive connection switching with each of the static contacts 2 during the sliding process; the moving contact mechanism 1 is connected to the output end of the on-load tap-changer.

[0048] The present invention matches the number of static contacts and moving contact mechanisms, the independent movement characteristics of the two moving contact mechanisms, and the characteristics of all static contacts being arranged in a circular array, so that the two moving contact mechanisms can each slide to a static contact of any potential within one step. By connecting the static contacts of multiple potentials in pairs, the three input terminals are coordinated to form seven voltage adjustment gears, thereby realizing variable step voltage regulation and one-step switching between any voltage adjustment gears, solving the shortcomings of traditional on-load tap-changing switches that cannot achieve cross-gear regulation, fast regulation, and variable step regulation; it also solves the problems of a large number of switches, large space occupied, and inability to be integrated with other primary equipment such as transformers when using multiple ordinary external switches to achieve fast on-load regulation. The present invention is used in application fields such as voltage / current / power regulation of transmission / distribution networks and railway traction, new energy stations, industrial and commercial power supply voltage regulation, load voltage regulation, and smelting process regulation.

[0049] In this embodiment, each of the static contacts 2 has two conductive surfaces, and the two conductive surfaces of all the static contacts 2 form two circumferential surfaces respectively. The two moving contact mechanisms 1 slide independently along the two circumferential surfaces respectively.

[0050] It should be noted that all the static contact units constitute a static contact mechanism, the two circumferential surfaces are the two circumferential surfaces of the static contact mechanism, and the number of static contacts 2 in the static contact mechanism is 3*N, N≥1, where N is the number of static contact units;

[0051] In this embodiment, preferably, Figure 1As shown, the static contact 2 is a double-sided static contact, which includes an inner static contact and an outer static contact. The contacts on both sides are directly connected by a conductor, forming an I-shaped structure to form an integral body, and have the same potential. In addition, the inner static contact, the outer static contact and the conductor can also be the inner and outer conductive surfaces of the same conductor.

[0052] All the static contacts 2 form a ring, the outer conductive surface or the outer static contact forms the outer circumferential surface of the ring, the inner conductive surface or the inner static contact forms the inner circumferential surface of the ring, and the two moving contact mechanisms 1 are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the ring, in a three-layer sleeve type arrangement, with a compact installation structure and a reasonable layout;

[0053] In another possible implementation, the two circumferential surfaces are located on the same side of the ring, i.e., the outside or inside; the two circumferential surfaces have the same diameter and are arranged in layers; in this case, the two moving contact mechanisms 1 are located on the same side of the ring and are arranged in a two-layer sleeve-type arrangement with the static contact mechanism, and the two moving contact mechanisms 1 are arranged in layers corresponding to the two circumferential surfaces;

[0054] In another possible implementation, the two circumferential surfaces are provided on two opposite wide surfaces of the ring; in this case, a moving contact mechanism 1, a static contact mechanism and another moving contact mechanism 1 are arranged in sequence along the axial direction of the static contact mechanism.

[0055] In this embodiment, each of the moving contact mechanisms 1 includes a rotary disk 3 coaxially arranged with the circumferential surface, a transition current limiter 4 conductively connected and fixed to the rotary disk 3, an adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5, and a metal pole 6;

[0056] The transition current limiter 4, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 and one end of the metal pole 6 are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the turntable 3, and the other ends of the transition current limiter 4, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 and the metal pole 6 are in sliding contact with the conductive surface; the spacing between the transition current limiter 4 and the metal pole 6 is smaller than the width of the conductive surface and greater than the set electrical insulation clearance; the turntable 3 is connected to the output end of the on-load tap-changer.

[0057] It should be noted that the three layout relationships between the two moving contact mechanisms 1 and the static contact mechanism mentioned above can be regarded as the three layout relationships between the two turntables 3 in the two moving contact mechanisms 1 and the static contact mechanism. The transition current limiter 4, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 and the metal pole 6 constitute a sliding mechanism. The sliding mechanism is arranged between the turntable 3 and the static contact mechanism, and slides with the conductive surface of the static contact 2.

[0058] In this embodiment, the two rotating disks 3 in the two moving contact mechanisms 1 are respectively recorded as the inner rotating disk and the outer rotating disk. Both rotating disks 3 can rotate clockwise and counterclockwise. The inner / outer rotating disks serve as the two output terminals of the on-load tap-changing switch. Figure 2 As shown, the transition current limiter 4 includes a transition current limiter Z1 and a transition current limiter Z2, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 includes an adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV1 and an adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2, and the metal pole 6 includes a metal pole P1 and a metal pole P2; Z1, BV1 and P1 constitute an inner sliding mechanism arranged on the inner turntable, and Z2, BV2 and P2 constitute an outer sliding mechanism arranged on the outer turntable.

[0059] The transition impedance, i.e., the transition current limiter 4, has the characteristic of limiting current and is composed of an element with resistance, inductance, or capacitance characteristics. One end of the transition impedance is fixedly and conductively connected to the rotary disk 3, and the other end is connected to a conductive sliding block, which is used to slide in contact with the static contact 2.

[0060] The metal pole 6 is made of a metal material with good conductive properties, such as a copper conductor, one end of which is fixedly connected to the rotary disk 3 and the other end is connected to a conductive sliding block for sliding contact with the static contact 2 .

[0061] One end of the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 is fixedly and conductively connected to the rotary disk 3, and the other end is connected to the conductive sliding block, which is used to slide in contact with the static contact 2 to achieve overvoltage protection;

[0062] In another possible implementation, the sliding mechanism may only use the transition current limiter 4 and the metal pole 6, which can also achieve uninterrupted switching of conductive connections with each of the static contacts 2 during the sliding process and one-step switching between any voltage adjustment gears, but this may easily cause the transition current limiter 4 to fuse.

[0063] In this embodiment, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 is preferably arranged between the transition current limiter 4 and the metal pole 6, so as to achieve protection against overvoltage and prevent the transition current limiter 4 from fusing.

[0064] In this embodiment, when the voltage between the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 and the static contact 2 in contact with it is greater than or equal to the set voltage protection value, the impedance of the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 is less than the set impedance lower limit value;

[0065] When the voltage between the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 and the static contact 2 in contact with it is lower than the voltage protection value, the impedance of the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 is higher than the set impedance upper limit value.

[0066] Specifically, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 has an overvoltage protection characteristic of limiting voltage, which is used to protect against overvoltage when the switch is abnormal; when in the switching process, for example, only the transition resistor, that is, the transition current limiter 4 branch, is supplying power, such as when the metal pole 6 may be between the two static contacts, that is, in a suspended state, if the transition impedance burns out due to overcurrent or other reasons, then the entire power supply circuit is in an open circuit state, that is, it is easy for an excessive voltage to appear between the moving and static contacts, exceeding the set voltage protection value, and causing an overvoltage breakdown hazard; the voltage protection value is usually designed to be a transition range, such as 1800V~2200V. For example, under normal circumstances, the pole voltage between the moving and static contacts is 600V; when the voltage of the moving and static contacts exceeds or equals 2200V, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 automatically adjusts the impedance characteristic , showing a low impedance characteristic. At this time, the voltage between the moving and static contacts is limited to a safe range of 2200V; if it is lower than 1800V, that is, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 shows a high impedance characteristic, it can be understood that the state between the moving and static contacts is not changed at this time, and the voltage between the moving and static contacts is less than 1800V; if it is between 1800V and 2200V, it is in a transition resistance state, and the voltage between the moving and static contacts is limited to 1800V and 2200V. If the control device detects that the voltage between the moving and static contacts is in a state of 600V to 2200V, it can be determined that there is a problem with the transition circuit of the moving contact, and switching needs to be stopped; it solves the safety problems of traditional on-load switches, such as overvoltage damage to the switch and transformer short circuit caused by the disconnection of the switch regulation circuit.

[0067] In this embodiment, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 includes the following:

[0068] Zener diodes, thyristors, and varistors.

[0069] In this embodiment, when the number of the static contact units is two or more, the three static contacts 2 in each static contact unit are coded in ascending order, and the multiple static contact units are coded cyclically. The static contacts 2 with the same coding in each static contact unit are connected through an interconnecting bus 9. After connection, the static contacts 2 with the same coding are correspondingly connected to the three input ends of the on-load tap-changing switch, and the three input ends are connected to different taps of the power supply or transformer winding.

[0070] Specifically, at this time, all the static contacts 2 are arranged in a circular form, and each static contact 2 is also an electrode. Each static contact / electrode is encoded using a specific cyclic encoding form, and the encoding method is a cyclic method along the circumferential direction, which can be clockwise or counterclockwise, such as Figure 1As shown, all the static contacts 2 are cyclically encoded in a clockwise direction along the circumference as follows: ①, ②, ③, ①, ②, ③... The total number of electrodes, i.e., all the static contacts 2, is 3*N, N ≥ 1, where N is the number of static contact units; Figure 1 The codes ①, ②, and ③ are both the numbers of the static contact 2 where the codes are located and the numbers of the interconnecting bus 9 where the codes are located;

[0071] The static contacts / electrodes with the same code are connected through a conductive interconnecting busbar 9 and have the same potential. The number of interconnecting busbars 9 is the same as the number of types of static contact codes. The interconnecting busbars 9 include interconnecting busbars ①, interconnecting busbars ②, and interconnecting busbars ③, and each interconnecting busbar is independent of each other. After the interconnection, a terminal is led out. The terminal code is the same as the static contact / electrode code. At the same time, this terminal serves as the input end of the switch and is used to connect to the power supply or transformer winding. Figure 1 As shown, all electrodes with code ① are connected via interconnect bus ①, all electrodes with code ② are connected via interconnect bus ②, and all electrodes with code ③ are connected via interconnect bus ③. After connection, terminals 1, 2, and 3 are led out as input terminals ①, ②, and ③, respectively.

[0072] In this embodiment, Figure 3 As shown, a controllable switch 7 is provided on the transition current limiter 4 and the metal pole 6 .

[0073] In this embodiment, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the controllable switch 7 includes controllable switches V11, V12, V21 and V22, wherein the controllable switches V11 and V12 are connected in series to the transition current limiter Z1 and the metal pole P1 respectively, and the controllable switches V21 and V22 are connected in series to the transition current limiter Z2 and the metal pole P2 respectively;

[0074] It should be noted that the controllable switch 7 can be an electrically controlled switch, or a mechanically linked controlled switch can be selected by utilizing the sliding characteristics of the sliding mechanism. When the sliding mechanism rotates, the mechanical opening and closing of the controllable switch 7 can be achieved through the cooperation of the switch control structure such as the switch pressing key and the protrusion in the fixed position.

[0075] In this embodiment, the control device includes a turntable driver 8 connected to the turntable 3 and a controller 10 electrically connected to the turntable driver 8 .

[0076] In this embodiment, when a controllable switch 7 is provided, the control device further includes a switch driving unit required to control the controllable switch 7 .

[0077] The turntable driver 8 drives the inner turntable and the outer turntable respectively, and is used to link the above-mentioned sliding mechanism to realize gear shifting adjustment; the control device is also used to receive external instructions and send them to the inner and outer turntable drivers respectively after decomposition by formulas, and is also used to identify and process various states inside the switch.

[0078] When the present invention is actually used, Figure 5 As shown, a voltage source u1 is connected between input terminals ① and ②, and a voltage source u2 is connected between input terminals ② and ③. The control device causes the turntable driver 8 to drive the turntable 3 to rotate the sliding mechanism, and rotate to different positions of the static contact 2. Seven voltage states u, i.e., seven gears, can be output between output terminals ① and ②, including:

[0079] (1) When the inner rotary disk drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to the static contact 2 coded as ① (hereinafter referred to as electrode ①), and the outer rotary disk drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to the static contact 2 coded as ② (hereinafter referred to as electrode ②), the output voltage between output terminal ① and output terminal ② is u1;

[0080] It should be noted that the implementation principle of switching between any voltage adjustment gears in one step is explained by taking the sliding of the outer sliding mechanism of this gear as an example:

[0081] like Figure 1 As shown, before the gear is switched, when the outer sliding mechanism is located at electrode ①, the outer rotary disk drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate clockwise by a step of the width of the static contact to electrode ②, realizing one-step switching to the position; before the gear is switched, when the outer sliding mechanism is located at electrode ③, the outer rotary disk drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate counterclockwise by a step of the width of the static contact to electrode ②, realizing one-step switching to the position;

[0082] The same principle is used to control the sliding of the inner sliding mechanism, thereby realizing any combination of inner and outer static contacts and switching between any voltage adjustment gears in one step;

[0083] (2) When the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ②, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ①, the output voltage between output terminal ① and output terminal ② is -u1;

[0084] (3) When the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ②, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to the static contact 2 (hereinafter referred to as electrode ③) with code ③, the output voltage between output terminal ① and output terminal ② is u2;

[0085] (4) When the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ③, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ②, the output voltage between output terminal ① and output terminal ② is -u2;

[0086] (5) When the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ①, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ③, the output voltage between output terminal ① and output terminal ② is u1+u2;

[0087] (6) When the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ③, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ①, the output voltage between output terminal ① and output terminal ② is -(u1+u2);

[0088] (7) When the inner sliding mechanism and the outer sliding mechanism rotate to the static contact with the same code, including when the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ①, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ①; when the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ②, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ②; when the inner turntable drives the inner sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ③, and the outer turntable drives the outer sliding mechanism to rotate to electrode ③; the output voltage between output terminal ① and output terminal ② is 0.

[0089] Specifically, the present invention can be connected to the outside in two ways when in use. The first connection method is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, multiple on-load tap-changers are used, and the input end of each on-load tap-changer is connected to a different tap of the transformer winding or a power supply. The output ends of each on-load tap-changer are connected in series to form a total output end. By adjusting each on-load tap-changer, different voltages are taken out from each transformer winding, and then added in series to the output end to achieve the change of the transformer input voltage.

[0090] The second connection method is as follows Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the input end of the on-load tap-changing switch is connected to different taps of the primary voltage regulating winding of the transformer. The output end of the on-load tap-changing switch is connected in series with the primary main winding of the transformer and serves as the voltage input end of the primary side of the transformer. By adjusting the on-load tap-changing switch, the ratio of the total number of turns of the primary winding of the transformer to the number of turns of the secondary winding can be changed, thereby realizing the adjustment of the output voltage of the secondary side of the transformer.

[0091] In the above two connection methods, the winding turns ratio between the input terminals ①② and the input terminals ②③ of the on-load tap-changer is 1:2, 1:1.5, etc.; correspondingly, when a voltage source is connected between the input terminals, the voltage ratio between the voltage source u1 and the voltage source u2 is 1:2, 1:1.5, etc.; when the turns ratio or voltage ratio is 1:1.5, the on-load tap-changer can achieve non-uniform variable step voltage regulation, that is, the step size changes at non-fixed intervals, which is suitable for different scenarios.

[0092] The use of the on-load tap-changing switch of the present invention is not limited to single-phase power supply systems, but is also applicable to three-phase or multi-phase systems. Implementation schemes with similar principles and usages are also within the protection scope of this solution.

[0093] Example 2:

[0094] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a control method for a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch, such as Figure 8 As shown, based on the on-load tap-changing switch in the above embodiment, the control method includes:

[0095] S1. Based on different voltage regulation targets, determining different voltage regulation gears corresponding to the different voltage regulation targets; the different voltage regulation gears are formed by connecting all two static contacts of the on-load tap changer in pairs;

[0096] S2. Based on each voltage adjustment gear, the control device controls the two moving contact mechanisms 1 to switch independently between the static contacts 2 of the static contact unit without interruption, so that the two moving contact mechanisms 1 are electrically connected to the two static contacts 2 corresponding to the voltage adjustment gear respectively, and the voltage adjustment amount of the voltage adjustment gear is output from the two moving contact mechanisms 1 to realize variable step voltage regulation.

[0097] It should be noted that the two moving contact mechanisms 1 are controlled by the control device to switch independently between the static contacts 2 of the static contact unit without interruption of power supply. Therefore, when the number of static contact units is multiple, the two moving contact mechanisms 1 can slide and switch across the static contact units, thereby realizing one-step switching between any voltage adjustment gears.

[0098] In the above S2, when the control device controls the two moving contact mechanisms 1 to independently switch between the respective static contacts 2 of the static contact unit without power interruption, the process in which the sliding mechanism of the moving contact mechanism 1 switches from the current static contact 2 to the adjacent static contact 2 without power interruption includes:

[0099] When the direction of rotation is the direction in which the transition current limiter 4 points to the metal pole 6 (for example, Figure 1 (clockwise in the figure), driven by the turntable 3, the metal pole 6 first moves from the current static contact 2 to the adjacent static contact 2, and the transition current limiter 4 and the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 move synchronously with the metal pole 6. When the metal pole 6 is separated from the current static contact 2 and has not reached the adjacent static contact 2, the current maintains power supply continuity through the transition current limiter 4, so that the current is not interrupted when the metal pole 6 is separated from the current static contact 2; the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 prevents abnormal resistance disconnection from causing overvoltage breakdown in the circuit and damaging the switch during the switching process;

[0100] When the direction of rotation is that the metal pole 6 points to the direction of the transition current limiter 4 (for example, Figure 1(in the center, it is counterclockwise). Driven by the turntable 3, the transition current limiter 4 first moves from the current static contact 2 to the adjacent static contact 2. The adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 and the metal pole 6 move synchronously with the transition current limiter 4. The transition current limiter 4 first contacts the adjacent static contact 2 to establish a path in advance, so that the current is not interrupted when the metal pole 6 separates from the current static contact 2. During the switching process, the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter 5 prevents abnormal resistance disconnection from causing overvoltage breakdown in the circuit and damaging the switch.

[0101] Specifically, in order to achieve gear shifting, the clockwise sliding of the outer sliding mechanism is taken as an example to illustrate the switching process without power failure:

[0102] like Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the sliding switching steps are a1→b1→c1→d1→e1, where step a1 is the initial position, located at the position of electrode ②;

[0103] Turn right to the position shown in step b1. The metal electrode P2 is located between electrodes ② and ③. At this point, the current flows through the transition impedance Z2, ensuring continuous power supply during the switching process. The adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2 prevents abnormal resistor disconnection, which could cause overvoltage breakdown in the circuit and damage the switch.

[0104] Continue rightward to the position shown in step c1. The metal pole P2 is located at the position of electrode ③. At this time, the transition impedance Z2 limits the short-circuit current between electrodes ② and ③, and the output power is supplied by electrode ③.

[0105] Continue rightward to the position shown in step d1. The metal pole P2 is located at the position of electrode ③. At this time, the transition impedance Z2 is located between electrodes ② and ③. The short-circuit current disappears, and the output power supply is supplied by electrode ③.

[0106] Continue to turn right to the position shown in step e1. The transition impedance Z2, metal electrode P2, and adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2 are all located at the position of electrode ③. This completes the position switch from electrode ② to electrode ③.

[0107] The process of rotating to the left, i.e., counterclockwise, and the switching process of the inner sliding mechanism are similar to the above process.

[0108] The switch includes an inner driver and an outer driver. The inner driver is used to drive the inner turntable to rotate, and the outer driver is used to drive the outer turntable to rotate. It has the functions of rotation angle positioning, forward / reverse rotation, and rotation position feedback.

[0109] The switch includes a control system for issuing control instructions to the inner / outer drivers, controlling the rotation angle and direction of each driver, receiving various status feedback information, and realizing protection alarm functions.

[0110] Special note: Driven by the turntable, the sliding mechanism can rotate (forward or reverse) to any position of electrode ①, electrode ②, and electrode ③ at one time.

[0111] In order to achieve gear shifting, in the case of a variable-step fast on-load tap-changing switch combined with a controllable switch 7, the process of switching without power failure is described by taking the clockwise sliding of the outer sliding mechanism as an example:

[0112] like Figure 10 As shown, the sliding switching steps are a2→b2→c2→d2→e2→f2→g2→h2→i2. Step a2 shows the initial position. The outer sliding mechanism is located at the position of electrode ②, and its controllable switches V21 and V22 are in the on state.

[0113] As shown in step b2, the controllable switch V22 changes from the on state to the off state, while the controllable switch V21 remains in the on state. When the controllable switch is a mechanical switch, the conductive surface of the static contact 2 is wider, and the outer sliding mechanism rotates clockwise to the position shown in step b2, causing the metal pole P2 to move from the middle of electrode ② to the edge of electrode ②. The controllable switch V22 is disconnected by the switch control structure located at the edge of electrode ②.

[0114] Rotate right to the position shown in step c2. The metal pole P2 is located between electrodes ② and ③. The controllable switch V22 remains in the disconnected state, ensuring that there is no current and no arcing when the metal pole P2 leaves electrode ②, thereby increasing the service life of the switch. The controllable switch V21 remains in the on state. At this time, the current passes through the transition impedance Z2, ensuring continuous power supply during the switching process. The adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2 can prevent abnormal resistance disconnection from causing overvoltage breakdown in the circuit and damaging the on-load switch.

[0115] Rotate right to the position shown in step d2, the metal pole P2 contacts the electrode ③, the controllable switch V22 remains in the disconnected state, ensuring that there is no current and no arc when the metal pole P2 contacts the electrode ③, thereby increasing the service life of the switch. The controllable switch V21 remains in the on state;

[0116] Rotate right to the position shown in step e2. The adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2 is located between electrodes ② and ③. The state of the controllable switch V22 of the sliding mechanism changes from off to on. The state of the controllable switch V21 remains unchanged and is in the on state. At this time, a short-circuit circulating current appears between switches V22 and V21. The transition impedance Z2 limits the short-circuit circulating current between electrodes ② and ③, limiting the generation of excessive circulating current. The output power supply is supplied by electrode ③.

[0117] Rotate right to the position shown in step f2. The adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter BV2 contacts electrode ③. The state of the controllable switch V21 of the sliding mechanism changes from on to off. At this time, the short-circuit circulating current disappears, and the state of the controllable switch V22 remains unchanged and remains on.

[0118] Rotate right to the position shown in step g2. The transition impedance Z2 is located between electrodes ② and ③. The controllable switch V21 of the sliding mechanism remains in the off state, ensuring that no current or arcing occurs when the transition impedance Z2 leaves electrode ②, thereby increasing the service life of the switch. The controllable switch V22 remains in the on state, and the output power is supplied by electrode ③.

[0119] Rotate right to the position shown in step h2. The transition impedance Z2 contacts electrode ③. The controllable switch V21 of the sliding mechanism remains in the off state, ensuring that there is no current and no arc when it contacts electrode ③, thereby increasing the service life of the switch. The controllable switch V22 remains in the on state.

[0120] Subsequently, as shown in step i2, the state of the controllable switch V21 of the sliding mechanism changes from the off state to the on state, providing an initial state for the next rotation switching, and the state of the controllable switch V22 remains unchanged and is in the on state; wherein, when the controllable switch is a mechanical switch, the conductive surface of the static contact 2 is wider, and the outer sliding mechanism rotates right to the position shown in step i2, so that the transition impedance Z2 moves from the edge of electrode ③ to the middle of electrode ③, and the controllable switch V21 is turned on by the switch control structure located at the edge of electrode ③.

[0121] The reverse rotation gear switching process is opposite to the above process, and the transition process is the same as the above switching mechanism, except that the transition resistance branch acts first and the metal pole branch acts later.

[0122] Example 3

[0123] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a control system for a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch, such as Figure 11 Shown, including:

[0124] A gear position determination module is used to determine different voltage regulation gear positions corresponding to different voltage regulation targets based on different voltage regulation targets; different voltage regulation gear positions are formed based on the combination of all two static contacts of the on-load tap changer connected in pairs;

[0125] The control module is used to control the two moving contact mechanisms 1 to switch independently and continuously between the static contacts 2 of the static contact unit based on each voltage adjustment gear through a control device, so that the two moving contact mechanisms 1 are respectively electrically connected to the two static contacts 2 corresponding to the voltage adjustment gear, and the voltage adjustment amount of the voltage adjustment gear is output from the two moving contact mechanisms 1 to realize variable step voltage regulation.

[0126] Example 4

[0127] like Figure 12 As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device, which may be a computer, a single-chip microcomputer, a smart mobile device, or the like. The electronic device in this embodiment may include a processor, a memory, a transceiver component, and the like. The memory, processor, and transceiver component are connected via a bus; the memory may be used to store an execution program, which may include instructions; and the processor may be used to execute the instructions stored in the memory. The memory may also be used to store data, which may be accessed and / or modified during the execution of the instructions.

[0128] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, which is suitable for implementing one or more instructions, specifically suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the storage medium to implement the corresponding method flow or corresponding function, so as to implement the steps of a control method of a variable-step-size on-load tap-changing switch in the above embodiment.

[0129] Example 5

[0130] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a readable storage medium, specifically an electronic device-readable storage medium (Memory). The electronic device-readable storage medium is a memory device within the electronic device, used to store programs and data. It is understood that the storage medium herein may include both built-in storage media within the electronic device and, of course, extended storage media supported by the electronic device. The storage medium provides storage space, which stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, the storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for being loaded and executed by a processor. These instructions may be one or more executable programs (including program code). It should be noted that the storage medium herein may be a high-speed RAM memory or a non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk drive. The processor loading and executing the one or more instructions stored in the storage medium implements the steps of the control method for a variable-step-size on-load tap-changer in the above-described embodiment.

[0131] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Thus, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to magnetic disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0132] The present invention is described with reference to flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, as well as combinations of processes and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in a block or multiple blocks.

[0133] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer readable memory produce an article of manufacture comprising an instruction device, which implements the process Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0134] These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device so that a series of operational steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device for implementing the process. Figure 1 a process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A step that specifies a function in one or more boxes.

[0135] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit its scope of protection. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that after reading the present invention, those skilled in the art may still make various changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions to the specific implementation methods of the application, but these changes, modifications or equivalent substitutions are all within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A variable step size on-load tap-changing switch, characterized in that: include: At least one static contact unit, two movable contact mechanisms (1) that slide independently on the static contact unit, and a control device connected to the two movable contact mechanisms (1); The static contact unit comprises three static contacts (2), the three static contacts (2) being correspondingly connected to the three input terminals of the on-load tap-changer, all the static contacts (2) being arranged in a ring array, with a spacing between two adjacent static contacts; Each of the movable contact mechanisms (1) realizes a conductive connection switch with each of the static contacts (2) without interruption of power supply during the sliding process; the movable contact mechanism (1) is connected to the output end of the on-load tap-changer; Each of the static contacts (2) has two conductive surfaces, and the two conductive surfaces of all the static contacts (2) respectively form two circumferential surfaces, and the two moving contact mechanisms (1) respectively slide independently along the two circumferential surfaces.

2. The variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the moving contact mechanisms (1) comprises a rotating disk (3) arranged coaxially with the circumferential surface, a transition current limiter (4) conductively connected and fixed to the rotating disk (3), an adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5), and a metal pole (6); The transition current limiter (4), the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5) and one end of the metal pole (6) are arranged in sequence along the circumferential direction of the turntable (3), and the other ends of the transition current limiter (4), the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5) and the metal pole (6) are in sliding contact with the conductive surface; the spacing between the transition current limiter (4) and the metal pole (6) is smaller than the width of the conductive surface and larger than the set electrical insulation clearance; the turntable (3) is connected to the output end of the on-load tap changer.

3. The variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: When the voltage between the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5) and the static contact (2) in contact therewith is greater than or equal to a set voltage protection value, the impedance of the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5) is less than a set impedance lower limit value; When the voltage between the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5) and the static contact (2) in contact with it is less than the voltage protection value, the impedance of the adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5) is greater than a set impedance upper limit value.

4. The variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch according to claim 3, characterized in that: The adaptive nonlinear voltage limiter (5) includes the following: Zener diodes, thyristors, and varistors.

5. The variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: When the number of the static contact units is two or more, the three static contacts (2) in each static contact unit are coded in ascending order, and the static contact units are coded cyclically. The static contacts (2) with the same coding in each static contact unit are connected through an interconnecting bus (9). After being connected, the static contacts (2) with the same coding are correspondingly connected to the three input terminals of the on-load tap-changing switch, and the three input terminals are connected to different taps of the power supply or transformer winding.

6. The variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: The transition current limiter (4) and the metal pole (6) are provided with a controllable switch (7).

7. The variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that: The control device comprises a turntable driver (8) connected to the turntable (3) and a controller (10) electrically connected to the turntable driver (8).

8. A control method for a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch, characterized in that: Based on the on-load tap-changing switch according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the control method includes: Based on different voltage regulation targets, different voltage regulation gears corresponding to the different voltage regulation targets are determined; the different voltage regulation gears are formed based on the combination of two-by-two connections between all the static contacts (2) of the on-load tap-changing switch; Based on each voltage adjustment gear, the control device controls the two moving contact mechanisms (1) to independently and continuously switch between the static contacts (2) of the static contact unit, so that the two moving contact mechanisms (1) are respectively electrically connected to the two static contacts (2) corresponding to the voltage adjustment gear, and the voltage adjustment amount of the voltage adjustment gear is output from the two moving contact mechanisms (1), thereby realizing variable step voltage regulation.

9. A control system for a variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch, characterized in that: include: A gear determination module is used to determine different voltage regulation gears corresponding to different voltage regulation targets based on different voltage regulation targets; different voltage regulation gears are formed based on the combination of two-by-two connections between all the static contacts (2) of the on-load tap-changing switch; The control module is used for controlling two moving contact mechanisms (1) to independently switch between the static contacts (2) of the static contact unit based on each voltage adjustment gear through a control device, so that the two moving contact mechanisms (1) are electrically connected to the two static contacts (2) corresponding to the voltage adjustment gear respectively, and the voltage adjustment amount of the voltage adjustment gear is output from the two moving contact mechanisms (1), thereby realizing variable step voltage regulation.

10. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: at least one processor and memory; The memory and the processor are connected via a bus; The memory is used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the at least one processor, the control method of the variable step-size on-load tap changer as claimed in claim 8 is implemented.

11. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: An execution program is stored thereon, and when the execution program is executed, the control method of the variable step-size on-load tap-changing switch according to claim 8 is implemented.

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