Underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system and method

Abstract

The underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system comprises a pressure-resistant sealed cabin, and the interior of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin is divided into a hydrogen zone, a galvanic pile zone and an oxygen zone; a plurality of alloy hydrogen storage tank groups are mounted in the hydrogen zone, penetrate through the cabin wall of the hydrogen zone through a pipeline, enter the galvanic pile zone and are connected with galvanic pile box bodies distributed in the galvanic pile zone, the galvanic pile box bodies are connected with a hydrogen-oxygen recombiner, and a hydrogen tail gas buffer tank and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank are respectively mounted between the galvanic pile box bodies and the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner; a liquid oxygen storage tank is arranged in the oxygen zone, an oxygen operation box is arranged at the upper part of the liquid oxygen storage tank, and the oxygen operation box penetrates through the bulkhead of the oxygen zone through a pipeline and is connected with the electric pile box body. The hydrogen and oxygen concentration of the underwater pressure-resistant sealed cabin is always below the safety range under the condition that different working conditions and different levels of hydrogen and oxygen exhaust or leakage happen to the underwater carrying platform, and the safety of the underwater carrying platform with the fuel cell as power is effectively guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of underwater vehicle platform power and safety, and in particular to an underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system and method. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the accelerated advancement of the ocean strategy, the three-part deep-sea trilogy of "deep-sea entry, deep-sea exploration, and deep-sea development" has entered the second stage of deep-sea exploration. At this stage, the requirements for the capabilities of underwater vehicle platforms are getting higher and higher. Traditional manned submersibles have a short operation time and lack the ability for long-term underwater operations. Therefore, high-power, all-weather, and long-term underwater vehicle platforms have emerged. Due to its excellent characteristics of high energy density, high efficiency, and near-zero emissions, more and more large underwater vehicle platforms use fuel cells as their power. As a new type of electro-chemical reaction power generation device, a fuel cell directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy through the electro-chemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, thereby continuously supplying power to the load.

[0003] Since the entire fuel cell system involves the use of hydrogen and oxygen, on the one hand, it is necessary to ensure the stable supply of hydrogen and oxygen and the continuous power generation of the fuel cell. On the other hand, it is also necessary to ensure that hydrogen and oxygen are always within the safe concentration range under normal and emergency conditions, which is particularly important for underwater sealed cabins. During a dive of an underwater vehicle platform, the hydrogen and oxygen safety of the fuel cell system mainly includes the following aspects: First, the inside of the underwater sealed cabin is generally in an atmospheric pressure environment, and there is an oxygen concentration of 21% in the atmospheric pressure environment. In this environment, if there is hydrogen and it reaches a certain concentration, there may be a fire or even an explosion. Second, when the fuel cell is working normally, since the hydrogen and oxygen utilization rate of the fuel cell stack cannot reach 100%, calculated at the current relatively advanced level of 99% for the hydrogen and oxygen utilization rate, during a dive, assuming 1t of oxygen and 125kg of hydrogen are carried, after the fuel cell reaction, the hydrogen tail gas generated is 1.25kg, and the oxygen tail gas is 10kg. If the hydrogen and oxygen tail gases are directly discharged into the sealed cabin, the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the cabin will gradually increase. The hydrogen concentration will increase to 19%, and the oxygen concentration will increase to 24%, thus endangering the safety of the platform. Third, there are many pipelines, valve fittings, and joints in the hydrogen and oxygen systems in the sealed cabin, and the pipeline joints cannot be 100% leak-free. When there is a micro-leak, after a period of accumulation, the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the cabin will gradually increase. Fourth, in an emergency, if a hydrogen or oxygen pipeline in the cabin fails and is damaged, the hydrogen or oxygen concentration in the cabin will increase rapidly.

[0004] In view of the above aspects, considering the requirements for the stable supply of hydrogen and oxygen in the pressure-resistant sealed cabin of the underwater vehicle platform, the continuous power generation of the fuel cell, and the safety control of the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations, there is an urgent need for an underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system and method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks in the existing production technologies, the present applicant provides an underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system and method, which mainly realizes the stable supply of hydrogen and oxygen required for the operation of the fuel cell stack, power generation, and the absorption and treatment of hydrogen-oxygen tail gas during the operation of the fuel cell. The pressure-resistant sealed cabin is divided into three independent spaces, namely, a hydrogen area, a stack area, and an oxygen area (from left to right) by a hydrogen area bulkhead and an oxygen area bulkhead, so as to prevent the hydrogen in the hydrogen area and the oxygen in the oxygen area from diffusing to other areas. The nitrogen injection and oxygen control in the hydrogen area and the oxygen area are realized through a cut-off type quick connector, ensuring that the oxygen concentration in these two areas is lower than the normal oxygen concentration. The passive dispersion hydrogen eliminator is used to absorb hydrogen and oxygen when there are minor leaks in the pipelines and valves under normal conditions, and the centralized hydrogen elimination device is used to absorb and treat the hydrogen and oxygen in the cabin when the hydrogen-oxygen pipelines or valves are damaged under emergency conditions, effectively ensuring the safe supply of hydrogen and oxygen for the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell and stable power generation. When different working conditions and different levels of hydrogen and oxygen tail gas emissions or leaks occur in the underwater vehicle platform, the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the underwater pressure-resistant sealed cabin are always kept below the safe range, effectively ensuring the safety of the underwater vehicle platform powered by fuel cells.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system includes a pressure-resistant sealed cabin. Inside the pressure-resistant sealed cabin, a hydrogen area bulkhead and an oxygen area bulkhead are arranged at intervals. The hydrogen area bulkhead and the oxygen area bulkhead are arranged in parallel and divide the interior of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin into three independent spaces: a hydrogen area, a stack area, and an oxygen area. Inside the hydrogen area, a plurality of alloy hydrogen storage tank groups are installed. The alloy hydrogen storage tank groups pass through the hydrogen area bulkhead through pipelines and enter the stack area, and are connected to the stack box assemblies distributed in the stack area. The stack box assemblies are connected to a hydrogen-oxygen recombiner. A hydrogen tail gas buffer tank and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank are respectively installed between the stack box assemblies and the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner. A centralized hydrogen elimination device is also installed inside the stack area. The two ends of the centralized hydrogen elimination device are respectively connected to the hydrogen area bulkhead and the oxygen area bulkhead through a first cut-off type quick connector and a second cut-off type quick connector. A third cut-off type quick connector is also provided on the hydrogen area bulkhead, and a fourth cut-off type quick connector is also provided on the oxygen area bulkhead. Inside the oxygen area, a liquid oxygen storage tank is installed. An oxygen operation box is installed above the liquid oxygen storage tank. The oxygen operation box is connected to the stack box assembly through a pipeline passing through the oxygen area bulkhead.

[0008] Its further technical solution lies in:

[0009] A first passive dispersion hydrogen eliminator and a second passive dispersion hydrogen eliminator are installed on the inner wall surface of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin in the hydrogen area.

[0010] A third passive dispersion hydrogen eliminator and a fourth passive dispersion hydrogen eliminator are installed on the inner wall surface of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin in the stack area.

[0011] An explosion-proof solenoid valve is installed on the output pipeline of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group.

[0012] A first bulkhead airtight door is installed on the bulkhead of the hydrogen area.

[0013] A second bulkhead airtight door is installed on the bulkhead of the oxygen area.

[0014] A fourth explosion-proof solenoid valve and a fifth explosion-proof solenoid valve are installed on the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner.

[0015] A liquid oxygen vaporizer is installed inside the oxygen operation box, and an explosion-proof solenoid valve group is installed outside the oxygen operation box.

[0016] An oxygen buffer tank group is connected to the pipeline at the output end of the oxygen operation box.

[0017] A method for the power safety application system of an underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell includes the following operation processes:

[0018] Nitrogen injection and oxygen control in the hydrogen area:

[0019] When the underwater vehicle is preparing for diving, close the first bulkhead airtight door, inject nitrogen into the hydrogen area, and reduce the oxygen concentration in the hydrogen area from 21% of the normal air concentration to 10%.

[0020] Nitrogen injection and oxygen control in the oxygen area:

[0021] When the underwater vehicle is preparing for diving, close the second bulkhead airtight door and reduce the oxygen concentration in the oxygen area from 21% of the normal air concentration to 10%.

[0022] Stable storage and transmission of hydrogen:

[0023] When the underwater vehicle is operating or navigating underwater, at this time, the fuel cell stack assembly needs to generate electricity to provide power for the entire platform. At this time, the hydrogen released by the alloy hydrogen storage tank group through circulating water heating enters the fuel cell stack assembly after passing through the explosion-proof solenoid valve.

[0024] Stable storage and transmission of oxygen:

[0025] Due to the self-evaporation of the liquid oxygen storage tank itself, when the underwater vehicle is operating or navigating underwater and the fuel cell stack assembly needs to generate electricity to provide power for the entire platform, when the gas oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank is relatively low, the boosting pneumatic valve opens, and a small amount of liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank enters the liquid oxygen vaporizer for vaporization. The vaporized oxygen enters the liquid oxygen storage tank to increase its gas oxygen pressure; when the gas oxygen pressure rises to 0.6 - 1 MPa, the liquid oxygen supply pneumatic valve opens. Under the gas oxygen pressure, the liquid oxygen flows through the liquid oxygen supply pneumatic valve, passes through the liquid oxygen vaporizer for vaporization, and then enters the fuel cell stack assembly.

[0026] Fuel cell power generation and hydrogen-oxygen tail gas recombination treatment:

[0027] After hydrogen and oxygen enter the fuel cell stack enclosure, an electrochemical reaction occurs to generate electrical energy. At the same time, continuous hydrogen tail gas and oxygen tail gas are generated and enter the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner. Since the generation of the hydrogen-oxygen tail gas is pulsed, in order to maintain the stable pressure of hydrogen and oxygen entering the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner, a hydrogen tail gas buffer tank and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank are set on their respective pipelines. After being absorbed and processed by the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner, the excess residual gas will be discharged from the No. 4 explosion-proof solenoid valve and the No. 5 explosion-proof solenoid valve respectively;

[0028] Hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment when there is a micro-leakage in the pipe fittings:

[0029] There are multiple pipeline valves and joints in the hydrogen pipeline and the oxygen pipeline. During a dive mission, the underwater vehicle may stay underwater for several days or even dozens of days. As a result, the hydrogen concentration and oxygen concentration in the corresponding compartments will gradually increase. In the hydrogen compartment, the slightly leaked hydrogen from the pipeline joints of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group and the explosion-proof solenoid valve and the oxygen in this compartment enter the No. 1 passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device and the No. 2 passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment in the hydrogen area; In the fuel cell stack compartment, the slightly leaked hydrogen from the pipeline joints of the fuel cell stack enclosure and the oxygen in this compartment enter the No. 3 passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device and the No. 4 passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment in the fuel cell stack area;

[0030] Hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment when the pipe fittings are damaged:

[0031] When the underwater vehicle is navigating or operating underwater, an accidental impact may cause damage to the hydrogen-oxygen pipeline. When the hydrogen-oxygen pipeline in the fuel cell stack area is damaged, the spilled hydrogen and oxygen enter the centralized hydrogen elimination device for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment; When the hydrogen pipeline in the hydrogen area or the oxygen pipeline in the oxygen area is damaged, the leaked hydrogen and oxygen enter the centralized hydrogen elimination device through the No. 1 cut-off type quick connector and the No. 2 cut-off type quick connector for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment.

[0032] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0033] The structure of the present invention is compact and reasonable, and it is easy to operate. Through the mutual cooperation of components such as the alloy hydrogen storage tank group, passive decentralized hydrogen elimination devices, explosion-proof solenoid valves, hydrogen area bulkheads, hydrogen tail gas buffer tanks, bulkhead airtight doors, fuel cell stack enclosures, oxygen tail gas buffer tanks, pressure-resistant sealed cabins, oxygen operation boxes, centralized hydrogen elimination devices, liquid oxygen vaporizers, liquid oxygen pneumatic valves, liquid oxygen storage tanks, hydrogen-oxygen recombiners, oxygen buffer tank groups, cut-off type quick connectors, etc., it is possible to achieve the stable supply of hydrogen and oxygen required for the operation of the fuel cell stack and power generation, as well as the absorption treatment of hydrogen-oxygen tail gas during the operation of the fuel cell.

[0034] The present invention realizes the stable supply of hydrogen and oxygen required for the operation of a fuel cell stack and power generation through equipment such as an alloy hydrogen storage tank group, an explosion-proof solenoid valve, a liquid oxygen storage tank, a liquid oxygen vaporizer, and a fuel cell stack box body, as well as pipeline valves. The absorption and treatment of hydrogen-oxygen tail gas during the operation of the fuel cell are achieved through a hydrogen-oxygen tail gas buffer tank and a hydrogen-oxygen recombiner. The pressure-resistant sealed cabin is divided into three independent spaces, namely a hydrogen area, a fuel cell stack area, and an oxygen area (from left to right) by a hydrogen area bulkhead and an oxygen area bulkhead to prevent the diffusion of hydrogen in the hydrogen area and oxygen in the oxygen area to other areas. Nitrogen injection and oxygen control in the hydrogen area and oxygen area are realized through a cut-off type quick connector to ensure that the oxygen concentration in these two areas is lower than the normal oxygen concentration. The absorption of hydrogen and oxygen during micro-leakage of pipelines and valves under normal conditions is achieved through a passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device, and the absorption and treatment of hydrogen and oxygen in the cabin during breakage of hydrogen-oxygen pipelines or valves in an emergency state are realized through a centralized hydrogen elimination device, effectively ensuring the safe supply of hydrogen and oxygen and stable power generation of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. When different working conditions and different levels of hydrogen and oxygen tail gas exhaust or leakage occur in an underwater vehicle platform, the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the underwater pressure-resistant sealed cabin are always kept below the safe range, effectively ensuring the safety of the underwater vehicle platform powered by a fuel cell. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a partial schematic diagram (one) of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a partial schematic diagram (two) of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a partial schematic diagram (three) of the present invention.

[0039] Wherein: 1. Alloy hydrogen storage tank group; 2. First passive hydrogen dispersion eliminator; 3. Second passive hydrogen dispersion eliminator; 4. First explosion-proof solenoid valve; 5. Second explosion-proof solenoid valve; 6. Third explosion-proof solenoid valve; 7. First cut-off type quick connector; 8. Third cut-off type quick connector; 9. Hydrogen area bulkhead; 10. Hydrogen tail gas buffer tank; 11. First bulkhead airtight door; 12. First pressure reducing and stabilizing valve; 13. Third passive hydrogen dispersion eliminator; 14. Second pressure reducing and stabilizing valve; 15. Fourth passive hydrogen dispersion eliminator; 16. Second bulkhead airtight door; 17. Stack box assembly; 18. Oxygen tail gas buffer tank; 19. Fourth explosion-proof solenoid valve; 20. Fifth explosion-proof solenoid valve; 21. Fourth cut-off type quick connector; 22. Hydrogen-oxygen recombiner; 23. Centralized hydrogen elimination device; 24. Second cut-off type quick connector; 25. Oxygen area bulkhead; 26. Oxygen operation box; 27. Pressure-resistant sealed cabin; 28. Oxygen buffer tank group; 29. Explosion-proof solenoid valve group; 30. Liquid oxygen vaporizer; 31. Low-temperature gas oxygen pneumatic valve; 32. Liquid oxygen pneumatic valve; 33. Boosting pneumatic valve; 34. Liquid oxygen storage tank. Detailed implementation mode

[0040] The following combines the drawings to illustrate the detailed implementation mode of the present invention.

[0041] As Figures 1-4 shown, the underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system of this embodiment includes a pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27. Inside the pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27, a hydrogen area bulkhead 9 and an oxygen area bulkhead 25 are arranged at intervals. The hydrogen area bulkhead 9 and the oxygen area bulkhead 25 are arranged in parallel and divide the inside of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 into three independent spaces: a hydrogen area, a stack area, and an oxygen area. Inside the hydrogen area, a plurality of alloy hydrogen storage tank groups 1 are installed. The alloy hydrogen storage tank groups 1 pass through the hydrogen area bulkhead 9 through pipelines and enter the stack area, and are connected to the stack box assemblies 17 distributed in the stack area. The stack box assemblies 17 are connected to the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22. A hydrogen tail gas buffer tank 10 and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank 18 are respectively installed between the stack box assemblies 17 and the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22. A centralized hydrogen elimination device 23 is also installed inside the stack area. The two ends of the centralized hydrogen elimination device 23 are respectively connected to the hydrogen area bulkhead 9 and the oxygen area bulkhead 25 through a first cut-off type quick connector 7 and a second cut-off type quick connector 24. A third cut-off type quick connector 8 is also provided on the hydrogen area bulkhead 9, and a fourth cut-off type quick connector 21 is also provided on the oxygen area bulkhead 25. Inside the oxygen area, a liquid oxygen storage tank 34 is installed. An oxygen operation box 26 is installed on the upper part of the liquid oxygen storage tank 34. The oxygen operation box 26 is connected to the stack box assembly 17 through a pipeline passing through the oxygen area bulkhead 25.

[0042] On the inner wall surface of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 in the hydrogen area, a first passive hydrogen dispersion eliminator 2 and a second passive hydrogen dispersion eliminator 3 are installed.

[0043] On the inner wall surface of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 in the stack area, a third passive dispersed hydrogen eliminator 13 and a fourth passive dispersed hydrogen eliminator 15 are installed.

[0044] An explosion-proof solenoid valve is installed on the output pipeline of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1.

[0045] A first bulkhead airtight door 11 is installed on the hydrogen area bulkhead 9.

[0046] A second bulkhead airtight door 16 is installed on the oxygen area bulkhead 25.

[0047] A fourth explosion-proof solenoid valve 19 and a fifth explosion-proof solenoid valve 20 are installed on the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22.

[0048] Inside the oxygen operation box 26, a liquid oxygen vaporizer 30 is installed, and outside the oxygen operation box 26, an explosion-proof solenoid valve group 29 is installed.

[0049] The pipeline at the output end of the oxygen operation box 26 is connected to an oxygen buffer tank group 28.

[0050] The specific structure and functions of an underwater hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power safety application system according to the present invention are as follows:

[0051] As Figure 1 shown, it mainly consists of an alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1, multiple passive dispersed hydrogen eliminators, multiple explosion-proof solenoid valves, a hydrogen area bulkhead 9, a hydrogen tail gas buffer tank 10, multiple bulkhead airtight doors, a stack box assembly 17, an oxygen tail gas buffer tank 18, a pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27, an oxygen operation box 26, a centralized hydrogen elimination device 23, a liquid oxygen vaporizer 30, a liquid oxygen pneumatic valve 32, a liquid oxygen storage tank 34, a hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22, an oxygen buffer tank group 28, multiple cut-off type quick connectors, etc., mainly realizing the stable supply of hydrogen and oxygen required for the operation of the fuel cell stack and power generation, as well as the absorption and treatment of hydrogen-oxygen tail gas during the operation of the fuel cell.

[0052] The pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 is divided into three independent spaces, namely a hydrogen area, a stack area, and an oxygen area (from left to right) by the hydrogen area bulkhead 9 and the oxygen area bulkhead 25 to prevent the hydrogen in the hydrogen area and the oxygen in the oxygen area from diffusing to other areas; nitrogen injection and oxygen control in the hydrogen area and the oxygen area are realized through cut-off type quick connectors to ensure that the oxygen concentration in these two areas is lower than the normal oxygen concentration; hydrogen and oxygen absorption under normal conditions when there are micro-leaks in pipelines and valves is realized through passive dispersed hydrogen eliminators, and absorption and treatment of hydrogen and oxygen in the cabin in case of breakage of hydrogen and oxygen pipelines or valves in an emergency state are realized through the centralized hydrogen elimination device 23, effectively ensuring the safe supply of hydrogen and oxygen and stable power generation of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and realizing that under different working conditions and different levels of hydrogen and oxygen tail gas discharge or leakage of an underwater vehicle platform, the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the underwater pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 are always below the safe range, effectively ensuring the safety of the underwater vehicle platform powered by a fuel cell.

[0053] The specific structures and functions of each component are introduced as follows:

[0054] Alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1 - A device that stores hydrogen in the lattice of an alloy in atomic form and controls the release and refueling of hydrogen by heating or cooling.

[0055] Passive dispersion hydrogen eliminator - A device that uses a catalyst for hydrogen-oxygen recombination reaction. It has a heater inside, which increases the upward power of the air flow after heating. The air containing hydrogen enters the device and is discharged from the top, thus forming a cycle.

[0056] Explosion-proof solenoid valve - A valve with explosion-proof function that controls the passage of hydrogen or oxygen through electromagnetic means.

[0057] Truncatable quick connector - A connector that can achieve quick connection or disconnection of pipelines and can cut off the gas after disconnection.

[0058] Hydrogen area bulkhead 9 - A structure with a certain pressure-bearing capacity that physically isolates the equipment in the hydrogen area (left side of the hydrogen area bulkhead 9) and the stack area (right side of the hydrogen area bulkhead 9).

[0059] Hydrogen tail gas buffer tank 10 - A device used to absorb the hydrogen tail gas of the fuel cell stack and has a buffering effect.

[0060] No. 1 bulkhead airtight door 11 - A door with airtight function. When the equipment in the hydrogen area needs to be repaired, people can enter the hydrogen area through this door. Under normal circumstances, this door is airtight to prevent the hydrogen in the hydrogen area from entering the stack area.

[0061] Pressure reducing and stabilizing valve - A valve that can reduce the pressure of high-pressure gas and stabilize the pressure.

[0062] No. 2 bulkhead airtight door 16 - A door with airtight function. When the equipment in the oxygen area needs to be repaired, people can enter the oxygen area through this door. Under normal circumstances, this door is airtight to prevent the oxygen in the oxygen area from entering the stack area.

[0063] Stack box assembly 17 - A device composed of multiple fuel cell stack modules. The fuel cell stack is a new type of electrochemical power generation device that directly converts chemical energy into electrical energy through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen, and continuously generates hydrogen and oxygen tail gas while generating electricity.

[0064] Oxygen tail gas buffer tank 18 - A device used to absorb the oxygen tail gas of the fuel cell stack and has a buffering effect.

[0065] Hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22 - A device that processes and recombines hydrogen tail gas and oxygen tail gas in a catalytic combustion manner.

[0066] Centralized hydrogen elimination device 23 - A device that sucks air containing hydrogen into the device through the suction of a fan, conducts hydrogen-oxygen reaction consumption, and thus eliminates hydrogen.

[0067] Oxygen zone bulkhead 25 - A structure with a certain pressure-bearing capacity that physically isolates the equipment in the oxygen zone (on the right side of the oxygen zone bulkhead 25) and the stack zone (on the left side of the oxygen zone bulkhead 25).

[0068] Oxygen operation box 26 - A device that centrally arranges various valves for liquid oxygen and gaseous oxygen inside it, with a certain airtightness to prevent slightly leaked oxygen from valves and pipeline joints from entering the outside of the device.

[0069] Pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 - A sealed cabin that can withstand a certain seawater backpressure, and the inside of the cabin is used to place hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system equipment.

[0070] Oxygen buffer tank group 28 - A device used to store high-pressure oxygen and maintain stable gas supply for the fuel cell. When the fuel cell is operating normally, the stable oxygen supply is maintained through this device. When the liquid oxygen tank is overpressurized, the overpressurized gas in the liquid oxygen tank can first enter the high-pressure oxygen buffer tank group 28.

[0071] Explosion-proof solenoid valve group 29 - A valve with explosion-proof function that controls the passage of nitrogen through electromagnetic means. The nitrogen is used for the opening and closing of the cryogenic gaseous oxygen pneumatic valve 31, liquid oxygen pneumatic valve 32, and booster pneumatic valve 33.

[0072] Liquid oxygen vaporizer 30 - A device that conducts heat exchange with liquid oxygen or cryogenic gaseous oxygen. After liquid oxygen or cryogenic gaseous oxygen flows into the vaporizer, it conducts sufficient heat exchange with the heating fins (water bath type) of the vaporizer to vaporize or heat the liquid oxygen or cryogenic gaseous oxygen into normal temperature gas.

[0073] Cryogenic gaseous oxygen pneumatic valve 31 - A valve driven by gas. The gas medium used in this system is nitrogen. When the gaseous oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 exceeds a certain value, the cryogenic gaseous oxygen pneumatic valve 31 can be remotely controlled to open to supply oxygen to the stack box assembly 17 to reduce the gaseous oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34.

[0074] Liquid oxygen pneumatic valve 32 - A valve driven by gas. The gas medium used in this system is nitrogen. When the gaseous oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 is within the normal value range, the liquid oxygen pneumatic valve 32 can be remotely controlled to open, and the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 is introduced into the liquid oxygen vaporizer 30 for heating and vaporization, so as to supply oxygen to the stack box assembly 17.

[0075] The pressurizing pneumatic valve 33 - a valve driven by gas. The gas medium used in this system is nitrogen. When the gas oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 is low, the pressurizing pneumatic valve 33 can be remotely controlled to open, introducing a small amount of liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 into the liquid oxygen vaporizer 30 for heating and vaporization, so as to increase the gas oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34.

[0076] The liquid oxygen storage tank 34 - a pressure vessel for storing cryogenic liquid oxygen, which consists of an inner tank, an outer tank and an interlayer structure. The space between the inner tank and the outer tank maintains a certain degree of heat insulation through heat-insulating materials and vacuum pumping, so as to reduce the self-evaporation of the liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34.

[0077] The main functions of the present invention are as follows:

[0078] It mainly realizes the stable supply of hydrogen and oxygen required for the operation of the fuel cell stack and power generation, as well as the absorption and treatment of hydrogen-oxygen tail gas during the operation of the fuel cell; the pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 is divided into three independent spaces, namely the hydrogen area, the stack area and the oxygen area (from left to right) by the hydrogen area bulkhead 9 and the oxygen area bulkhead 25, to prevent the hydrogen in the hydrogen area and the oxygen in the oxygen area from diffusing to other areas; the nitrogen injection and oxygen control in the hydrogen area and the oxygen area are realized through the cut-off type quick connectors, ensuring that the oxygen concentration in these two areas is lower than the normal oxygen concentration; the hydrogen-oxygen absorption under normal conditions when there are minor leaks in the pipelines and valves is realized through the passive decentralized hydrogen scavenger, and the absorption and treatment of hydrogen and oxygen in the cabin when the hydrogen-oxygen pipelines or valves are damaged in an emergency are realized through the centralized hydrogen scavenging device 23, effectively ensuring the safe supply of hydrogen and oxygen and stable power generation of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, and realizing that under different working conditions and different levels of hydrogen and oxygen tail gas discharge or leakage of the underwater vehicle platform, the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the underwater pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 are always below the safe range, effectively ensuring the safety of the underwater vehicle platform powered by the fuel cell.

[0079] During the actual working process, the specific working process is as follows:

[0080] (1) Nitrogen injection and oxygen control in the hydrogen area:

[0081] When the underwater vehicle platform is preparing to dive, close the first bulkhead airtight door 11, disconnect the male and female heads of the third cut-off type quick connector 8. The other end of the male head is welded on the hydrogen area bulkhead 9, and the other end of the female head is connected to an external vacuum pumping device. After the male and female heads are connected, start the external vacuum pumping device to pump the hydrogen area to a certain vacuum, and then disconnect the male and female heads of the third cut-off type quick connector 8; disconnect the male and female heads of the first cut-off type quick connector 7 (this connector is shared with the centralized hydrogen scavenging device 23). The other end of the male head is welded on the hydrogen area bulkhead 9, and the other end of the female head is connected to an external nitrogen storage device. After the male and female heads are connected, nitrogen is injected into the hydrogen area. Repeat the above process 2 - 3 times to reduce the oxygen concentration in the hydrogen area from 21% of the normal air concentration to 10%.

[0082] (2) Oxygen area nitrogen injection for oxygen control:

[0083] When the underwater vehicle is preparing for diving, close the airtight door 16 of the second bulkhead, disconnect the male and female connectors of the fourth cut-off type quick connector 21. Weld the other end of the male connector on the oxygen area bulkhead 25, and connect the other end of the female connector to an external vacuum pumping device. After connecting the male and female connectors, start the external vacuum pumping device to pump the oxygen area to a certain vacuum level, and then disconnect the male and female connectors of the fourth cut-off type quick connector 21. Disconnect the male and female connectors of the second cut-off type quick connector 24 (which shares the same connector with the centralized hydrogen elimination device 23). Weld the other end of the male connector on the oxygen area bulkhead 25, and connect the other end of the female connector to an external nitrogen storage device. After connecting the male and female connectors, inject nitrogen into the oxygen area. Repeat the above process 2 - 3 times to reduce the oxygen concentration in the oxygen area from 21% of the normal air concentration to 10%.

[0084] (3) Stable storage and transmission of hydrogen:

[0085] When the underwater vehicle is operating or sailing underwater, at this time, the stack box assembly 17 needs to generate electricity to provide power for the entire platform. At this time, the hydrogen released by the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1 through circulating water heating passes through explosion-proof solenoid valves (the first explosion-proof solenoid valve 4, the second explosion-proof solenoid valve 5, and the third explosion-proof solenoid valve 6), and then is depressurized and stabilized to the pressure required for the stack operation by the first pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 12, and enters the stack box assembly 17.

[0086] (4) Stable storage and transmission of oxygen:

[0087] Due to the self-evaporation of the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 itself, when the underwater vehicle is operating or sailing underwater and the stack box assembly 17 needs to generate electricity to provide power for the entire platform, when the gas oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 is relatively low, the pressurizing pneumatic valve 33 opens, and a small amount of liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 enters the liquid oxygen vaporizer 30 for vaporization. The vaporized oxygen enters the liquid oxygen storage tank 34 to increase its gas oxygen pressure. When the gas oxygen pressure rises to a certain value (0.6 - 1 MPa), the liquid oxygen supply pneumatic valve 32 opens. Under the gas oxygen pressure, the liquid oxygen flows through the liquid oxygen supply pneumatic valve 32, is vaporized through the liquid oxygen vaporizer 30, and then is depressurized and stabilized to the pressure required for the stack operation by the second pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 14, and enters the stack box assembly 17.

[0088] (5) Fuel cell power generation and combined treatment of hydrogen and oxygen tail gas discharge:

[0089] After hydrogen and oxygen enter the stack box body 17 and undergo an electrochemical reaction to generate electrical energy, there will continuously be hydrogen tail gas and oxygen tail gas generated and enter the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22. Since the generation of the hydrogen-oxygen tail gas is pulsed, in order to maintain the stability of the pressures of the hydrogen and oxygen entering the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22, a hydrogen tail gas buffer tank and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank 18 are provided on their respective pipelines. After being absorbed and processed by the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22, the excess residual gas will be discharged from the fourth explosion-proof solenoid valve 19 and the fifth explosion-proof solenoid valve 20 respectively.

[0090] (6) Hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment when there is a micro-leakage in pipe fittings:

[0091] There are multiple pipeline valves and joints in the hydrogen pipeline and the oxygen pipeline. During a submerged mission, the underwater vehicle platform needs to stay underwater for several days or even dozens of days. In this way, the hydrogen concentration and oxygen concentration in the corresponding cabins will gradually increase. In the hydrogen area cabin, the hydrogen leaked from the pipeline joints and explosion-proof solenoid valves (the first explosion-proof solenoid valve 4, the second explosion-proof solenoid valve 5, the third explosion-proof solenoid valve 6) of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group 1 and the oxygen in this cabin enter the first passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device 2 and the second passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device 3 for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment in the hydrogen area; in the stack area cabin, the hydrogen leaked from the pipeline joints of the first pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 12, the second pressure reducing and stabilizing valve 14 and the stack box body 17 and the oxygen in this cabin enter the third passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device 13 and the fourth passive decentralized hydrogen elimination device 15 for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment in the stack area; in the oxygen area cabin, most of the pipeline valve fittings, such as: various pneumatic valves and the liquid oxygen vaporizer 30 are enclosed in the oxygen operation box 26. In addition, the relevant equipment involving oxygen and liquid oxygen is enclosed in the oxygen area.

[0092] (7) Hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment when pipe fittings are damaged:

[0093] When the underwater vehicle platform is navigating or operating underwater, if an accidental impact occurs, it may cause damage to the hydrogen-oxygen pipeline. When the hydrogen-oxygen pipeline in the stack area is damaged, the spilled hydrogen and oxygen enter the centralized hydrogen elimination device 23 for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment; when the hydrogen pipeline in the hydrogen area or the oxygen pipeline in the oxygen area is damaged, the leaked hydrogen and oxygen enter the centralized hydrogen elimination device 23 through the first cut-off type quick joint 7 and the second cut-off type quick joint 24 for hydrogen-oxygen absorption treatment.

[0094] The present invention divides the underwater pressure-resistant sealed cabin 27 into three independent spaces: a hydrogen area, a stack area, and an oxygen area through the hydrogen area bulkhead 9 and the oxygen area bulkhead 25. While preventing the hydrogen in the hydrogen area and the oxygen in the oxygen area from diffusing to other areas, it also effectively ensures low oxygen in the hydrogen area and no hydrogen in the oxygen area.

[0095] In the hydrogen area and the oxygen area of the present invention, nitrogen injection is used to control oxygen, reducing the oxygen concentration in the hydrogen area and the oxygen area from 21% in air to 10%, ensuring that the oxygen concentration in these two areas where hydrogen or oxygen may be enriched is lower than the normal air oxygen concentration, and improving the safety margin of the cabin.

[0096] The present invention uses an alloy hydrogen storage method for hydrogen storage and hydrogen supply, an oxygen storage method using liquid oxygen, and a pressurization method using a liquid oxygen vaporizer 30 to ensure stable gas supply of hydrogen and oxygen for the fuel cell.

[0097] The present invention uses a hydrogen-oxygen recombiner 22, a hydrogen tail gas buffer tank 10, and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank 18 to absorb and process the hydrogen-oxygen tail gas generated during the operation of the fuel cell stack, keeping the hydrogen-oxygen concentration in the fuel cell area of the underwater vehicle platform always below the safe oxygen concentration and preventing fires and explosions.

[0098] When the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the pressure-resistant and sealed cabin 27 described in the present invention slowly increase, effective measures can be taken to reduce the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the cabin. That is, the system realizes the absorption of hydrogen and oxygen when there are slight leaks in the pipeline and valves under normal conditions through a passive distributed hydrogen eliminator, effectively ensuring the safety during long-term underwater operation.

[0099] The present invention uses a centralized hydrogen elimination device 23 to absorb and process the hydrogen and oxygen in the cabin when the hydrogen and oxygen pipelines or valves are damaged in an emergency, enabling the hydrogen and oxygen concentrations in the pressure-resistant and sealed cabin 27 of the underwater vehicle platform to always be below the safe range under different working conditions and different levels of hydrogen and oxygen tail gas emissions or leaks, effectively ensuring the safety of the underwater vehicle platform powered by a fuel cell.

[0100] The present invention uses explosion-proof solenoid valves in the hydrogen area and an explosion-proof solenoid valve group 29 and pneumatic valves in the oxygen area, effectively reducing the possibility of electric sparks generated by using electronic components in the hydrogen area and the oxygen area and improving the safety of the system.

[0101] The above description is an explanation of the present invention, not a limitation of the invention. The scope defined by the present invention can be seen in the claims, and any form of modification can be made within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system, characterized by: The invention comprises a pressure-resistant sealed cabin (27), wherein the interior of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin (27) is provided with a hydrogen zone bulkhead (9) and an oxygen zone bulkhead (25), the hydrogen zone bulkhead (9) and the oxygen zone bulkhead (25) are arranged in parallel, and the interior of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin (27) is divided into three mutually independent spaces: a hydrogen zone, a battery stack zone and an oxygen zone; a plurality of alloy hydrogen storage tank groups (1) are installed inside the hydrogen zone, the alloy hydrogen storage tank groups (1) pass through the hydrogen zone bulkhead (9) through pipelines to enter the battery stack zone, and are connected to the battery stack box assembly (17) distributed inside the battery stack zone, the battery stack box assembly (17) is connected to the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner (22), and a hydrogen tail gas buffer tank (10) is installed between the battery stack box assembly (17) and the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner (22). ) and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank (18); a centralized hydrogen removal device (23) is also installed inside the stack area; the two ends of the centralized hydrogen removal device (23) are respectively connected to the hydrogen area bulkhead (9) and the oxygen area bulkhead (25) through a No. 1 cut-off quick connector (7) and a No. 2 cut-off quick connector (24); a No. 3 cut-off quick connector (8) is also provided on the hydrogen area bulkhead (9); and a No. 4 cut-off quick connector (21) is also provided on the oxygen area bulkhead (25); a liquid oxygen storage tank (34) is installed inside the oxygen area; an oxygen operation box (26) is installed on the upper part of the liquid oxygen storage tank (34); the oxygen operation box (26) is connected to the stack box body (17) through a pipeline passing through the oxygen area bulkhead (25).

2. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A first passive dispersing hydrogen remover (2) and a second passive dispersing hydrogen remover (3) are installed on the inner wall surface of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin (27) of the hydrogen zone.

3. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A third passive dispersed hydrogen remover (13) and a fourth passive dispersed hydrogen remover (15) are installed on the inner wall surface of the pressure-resistant sealed cabin (27) in the stack area.

4. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An explosion-proof solenoid valve is installed on the output pipeline of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (1).

5. The underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen area bulkhead (9) is provided with a No. 1 bulkhead airtight door (11).

6. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A No. 2 bulkhead airtight door (16) is installed on the oxygen zone bulkhead (25).

7. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The hydrogen-oxygen recombiner (22) is equipped with a No. 4 explosion-proof electromagnetic valve (19) and a No. 5 explosion-proof electromagnetic valve (20).

8. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A liquid oxygen vaporizer (30) is installed inside the oxygen operation box (26), and an explosion-proof electromagnetic valve group (29) is installed outside the oxygen operation box (26).

9. An underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An oxygen buffer tank group (28) is connected to the pipeline at the output end of the oxygen operation box (26).

10. A method for underwater hydrogen and oxygen fuel cell power safety application system, characterized in that: The following operation procedures are included: Nitrogen injection and oxygen control in hydrogen area: When the underwater carrier platform is ready to dive, the airtight door (11) of the No. 1 bulkhead is closed, and nitrogen is injected into the hydrogen area to reduce the oxygen concentration in the hydrogen area from 21% of the normal air concentration to 10%; Nitrogen injection and oxygen control in oxygen zone: When the underwater carrier platform is ready to dive, the second bulkhead airtight door (16) is closed to reduce the oxygen concentration in the oxygen zone from 21% of the normal air concentration to 10%; Stable storage and transmission of hydrogen: When the underwater carrier platform is operating or sailing underwater, the battery stack box assembly (17) is required to generate electricity to provide power for the entire platform. At this time, the hydrogen released by the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (1) through circulating water heating passes through the explosion-proof solenoid valve and enters the battery stack box assembly (17); Stable storage and delivery of oxygen: Since the liquid oxygen storage tank (34) itself has a certain amount of self-evaporation, when the underwater carrier platform is operating or sailing underwater and needs the battery stack box body (17) to generate electricity to provide electric energy for the entire platform, when the gas oxygen pressure in the liquid oxygen storage tank (34) is low, the booster pneumatic valve (33) is opened, and a small amount of liquid oxygen in the liquid oxygen storage tank (34) enters the liquid oxygen vaporizer (30) for vaporization, and the vaporized oxygen enters the liquid oxygen storage tank (34) to increase its gas oxygen pressure; when the gas oxygen pressure rises to 0.6-1MPa, the liquid oxygen supply pneumatic valve (32) is opened, and under the gas oxygen pressure, the liquid oxygen flows through the liquid oxygen supply pneumatic valve (32), is vaporized by the liquid oxygen vaporizer (30), and then enters the battery stack box body (17); Fuel cell power generation and hydrogen and oxygen tail exhaust composite treatment: After hydrogen and oxygen enter the stack box (17), an electrochemical reaction occurs to generate electric energy. At the same time, hydrogen tail gas and oxygen tail gas are continuously generated and enter the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner (22). Since the generation of hydrogen-oxygen tail gas is pulsed, in order to maintain the stability of the pressure of hydrogen and oxygen entering the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner (22), a hydrogen tail gas buffer tank and an oxygen tail gas buffer tank (18) are arranged on their respective pipelines. After being absorbed and processed by the hydrogen-oxygen recombiner (22), the excess residual gas is discharged from the No. 4 explosion-proof solenoid valve (19) and the No. 5 explosion-proof solenoid valve (20). Hydrogen and oxygen absorption treatment for slight leakage of pipe accessories: There are multiple pipeline valves and joints in the hydrogen pipeline and the oxygen pipeline. In one dive, the underwater carrier platform needs to stay underwater for several days or even dozens of days, so the hydrogen concentration and oxygen concentration in the corresponding cabin will gradually increase. In the hydrogen zone cabin, the hydrogen leaked from the pipeline joints and explosion-proof electromagnetic valves of the alloy hydrogen storage tank group (1) and the oxygen in the cabin enter the No. 1 passive dispersed hydrogen remover (2) and the No. 2 passive dispersed hydrogen remover (3) for hydrogen and oxygen absorption treatment in the hydrogen zone; in the battery stack cabin, the hydrogen leaked from the pipeline joints of the battery stack box body (17) and the oxygen in the cabin enter the No. 3 passive dispersed hydrogen remover (13) and the No. 4 passive dispersed hydrogen remover (15) for hydrogen and oxygen absorption treatment in the battery stack cabin; Hydrogen and oxygen absorption treatment when pipe accessories are damaged: When the underwater carrier platform is navigating or operating underwater, if an accidental collision occurs, the hydrogen and oxygen pipelines may be damaged. When the hydrogen and oxygen pipelines in the stack area are damaged, the overflowed hydrogen and oxygen enter the centralized hydrogen removal device (23) for hydrogen and oxygen absorption treatment; when the hydrogen pipeline in the hydrogen area or the oxygen pipeline in the oxygen area is damaged, the corresponding leaked hydrogen and oxygen enter the centralized hydrogen removal device (23) through the No. 1 cut-off quick connector (7) and the No. 2 cut-off quick connector (24) for hydrogen and oxygen absorption treatment.

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