Air-cooled fuel cell, low-temperature starting control method thereof, controller and electric equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly provides an air-cooled fuel cell, a low-temperature starting control method thereof, a controller and electric equipment. Low-temperature starting of the air-cooled fuel cell is divided into a plurality of load-pulling control periods, each load-pulling control period is used as a current load-pulling control period, and the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the current load-pulling control period and the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell; according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell, determining the heating power of the current loading control period; according to the heating power of the current pulling and loading control period and the set temperature rise value of the current pulling and loading control period, the target air supply amount of a fan is determined; and according to the target air supply amount, working parameters of the fan in the current load pulling control period are controlled, so that the air-cooled fuel cell can be controlled to be started at a low temperature.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly to an air-cooled fuel cell, a low-temperature startup control method therefor, a controller, and an electrical device. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells (Fuel Cell), especially proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC), have been widely used in scenarios such as fuel cell electric vehicles, fuel cell backup power supplies, and drones due to their advantages of no pollution, high specific energy, low noise, and high energy conversion efficiency.

[0003] In practical applications, fuel cells can generally be divided into air-cooled fuel cells and water-cooled fuel cells according to their cooling subsystems. For air-cooled fuel cells, how to control their startup at low temperatures is a problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an air-cooled fuel cell, a low-temperature startup control method therefor, a controller, and an electrical device, aiming to solve the technical problems in the related art to a certain extent.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the first aspect of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A low-temperature startup control method for an air-cooled fuel cell divides the low-temperature startup of the air-cooled fuel cell into multiple load control cycles, and respectively takes each load control cycle as the current load control cycle. The method includes:

[0007] Obtain the current load control cycle and the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell;

[0008] Determine the heating power of the current load control cycle according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell;

[0009] Determine the target air delivery volume of the fan according to the heating power of the current load control cycle and the set temperature rise value of the current load control cycle;

[0010] Control the working parameters of the fan in the current load control cycle according to the target air delivery volume.

[0011] Preferably, determining the heating power of the current load control cycle according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell specifically includes calculating the heating power of the current load control cycle through the following formula:

[0012] W = I × N × U ultra-I×U;

[0013] Wherein, W is the heating power in the current load control cycle; N is the total number of single cells connected in series in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; I is the actual output current of the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle; U is the actual output voltage of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle; U ultra is the theoretical output voltage of the single cell.

[0014] Preferably, the method further includes:

[0015] In the current load control cycle, detecting the single-cell output voltage of each single cell in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell through a plurality of single-cell voltage inspectors;

[0016] Based on the detected single-cell output voltage of each single cell, calculating the actual output voltage U of the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle through the following formula;

[0017]

[0018] Wherein, i is the serial number of the i-th single cell in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; U i is the single-cell output voltage of the i-th single cell in the current load control cycle.

[0019] Preferably, according to the heating power in the current load control cycle and the set temperature rise value in the current load control cycle, determining the target air delivery volume of the fan, specifically including calculating the target air delivery volume through the following formula:

[0020] W = C air ×V air ×ρ air ×ΔT;

[0021] Wherein, W is the heating power in the current load control cycle; C air is the specific heat capacity of air; ΔT is the set temperature rise value in the current load control cycle; ρ air is the density of air; V air is the target air delivery volume of the fan.

[0022] Preferably, ΔT = T 目标 -T temp wherein, T temp is the air temperature blown into the stack by the fan; T 目标 is the air temperature when the fan blows out of the stack; the method further includes: realizing the temperature rise amplitude of the set temperature rise value ΔT by controlling T 目标 ​

[0023] Preferably, the working parameters specifically include the rotational speed; and, controlling the working parameters of the fan in the current load control period according to the target air delivery volume specifically includes:

[0024] Determining the target rotational speed of the fan according to the target air delivery volume and the fan curve of the fan, wherein the fan curve reflects the corresponding relationship between the rotational speed and the air delivery volume of the fan;

[0025] Controlling the rotational speed of the fan in the current load control period based on the target rotational speed.

[0026] Preferably, obtaining the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period specifically includes:

[0027] Obtaining the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period from the central control system of the electrical equipment.

[0028] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides a controller, which includes a storage unit and a processing unit. The storage unit stores a program, and when the program is executed by the processing unit, the steps in the method provided by the embodiment of the present application are implemented.

[0029] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an air-cooled fuel cell, which is provided with the controller provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0030] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application further provides an electrical equipment, which is provided with the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Based on the above technical solutions, compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0032] Adopting the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, including obtaining the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period, then determining the heat generation power in the current load control period according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell, then determining the target air delivery volume of the fan according to the heat generation power in the current load control period and the set temperature rise value in the current load control period, and controlling the working parameters of the fan in the current load control period according to the target air delivery volume of the fan. In this way, in the current load control period, the fan can be made to blow air at the target air delivery volume by controlling the working parameters of the fan, and correspondingly, the fuel cell can work at the actual output power in the current load control period. Therefore, in multiple load control periods, the low-temperature start of the air-cooled fuel cell can be realized by this method. Description of the Drawings

[0033] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the specific process of the air-cooled fuel cell low-temperature startup control method provided by this application.

[0034] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the air-cooled fuel cell low-temperature startup control device provided by this application.

[0035] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the specific structure of the controller provided by this application. Detailed implementation manners

[0036] The following further elaborates on the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Here, the exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, and the examples are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The implementation manners described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementation manners consistent with the present disclosure. On the contrary, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0038] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, the terms "set", "install", "connected", "coupled" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific situations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variation thereof are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without further limitation, the element defined by the statement "including one..." does not exclude the existence of another identical element in the process, method, article or device including the said element.

[0039] As described above, for air-cooled fuel cells, how to control their startup at low temperatures is a problem that needs to be solved. Specifically, for water-cooled fuel cells, the stack of the fuel cell can be preheated by raising the water temperature. However, since air-cooled fuel cells cool the stack through air and are mainly used in outdoor scenarios, it is difficult to adopt the low-temperature startup method of water-cooled fuel cells under low-temperature conditions. For air-cooled fuel cells, low-temperature startup is a pain point problem in their actual application process.

[0040] Based on this, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for controlling the low-temperature startup of an air-cooled fuel cell, an electronic device, and an electrical device, which can be used to solve the above problems. Among them, the air-cooled fuel cell includes a fan and a stack, and the stack includes a plurality of single cells, and these single cells can be combined into the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in a series and / or parallel manner. For example, each single cell is connected in series in turn to form the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell.

[0041] In this air-cooled fuel cell, electrical energy is provided outward through the operation of the stack. At this time, since the stack generates a certain amount of heat during power generation, it is necessary to blow air through the fan to form wind, so as to dissipate heat from the stack. That is to say, in this air-cooled fuel cell, the stack is cooled by the wind provided by the fan.

[0042] It should be particularly noted that in the process of controlling the low-temperature startup of the air-cooled fuel cell in the embodiments of the application, the control process of the low-temperature startup is divided into multiple load-pulling control cycles. In this way, by increasing the output power of the fuel cell (that is, increasing the load or pulling the load) in each load-pulling control cycle, the low-temperature startup of the air-cooled fuel cell is finally realized through the load-pulling of each load-pulling control cycle. Among them, the duration of each load-pulling control cycle can be the same or different. For example, the load-pulling control cycle can be 0.5 minutes, 1 minute, 2 minutes, etc. At this time, for the convenience of subsequent description of the technical solution, the present application can respectively take each load-pulling control cycle as the current load-pulling control cycle, so as to take the control process of the current load-pulling control cycle as an example to describe each control cycle.

[0043] As Figure 1 shown in the specific flow diagram of the method for controlling the low-temperature startup of the air-cooled fuel cell provided by the embodiments of the present application, the method includes the following steps:

[0044] Step S11: Obtain the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load-pulling control cycle.

[0045] For this air-cooled fuel cell, in the current load control cycle, the actual output current I and the actual output voltage U of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle can be obtained, so that the actual output power P can be calculated through the actual output current I and the actual output voltage U, where P = U × I.

[0046] For example, a current sensor and a voltage sensor can be set for the air-cooled fuel cell, and then the actual output current I and the actual output voltage U in the current load control cycle can be measured respectively, and the actual output power P can be further calculated.

[0047] Of course, for the actual output current I of the air-cooled fuel cell, it is uniformly measured by the current sensor, and its accuracy usually meets the requirements in actual applications.

[0048] However, since the stack is usually composed of multiple single cells connected in series in sequence, in order to obtain the actual output voltage U more accurately, usually for each single cell, multiple single-cell voltage inspectors can be used to detect the single-cell output voltage of each single cell (that is, the output voltage of the single cell). Obviously, for this air-cooled fuel cell, the actual output voltage U of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle is accumulated by the single-cell output voltages of these single cells.

[0049] Therefore, in this application, for the acquisition method of the actual output voltage U of the air-cooled fuel cell, in the current load control cycle, the single-cell output voltages of each single cell in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell can be detected by multiple single-cell voltage inspectors, and then based on the detected single-cell output voltages of each single cell, through Formula 1 described below, the actual output voltage U of the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle can be calculated;

[0050]

[0051] In this formula, i is the number of the i-th single cell in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell, where the stack is composed of N single cells connected in series, and N is the total number of single cells connected in series in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; U i is the single-cell output voltage of the i-th single cell in the current load control cycle; U is the actual output voltage of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle. At this time, the accuracy of the actual output voltage U obtained by this method is usually higher, and since the single-cell output voltages of each single cell in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell are detected by multiple single-cell voltage inspectors, the working states of each single cell can also be monitored.

[0052] In addition, after the air-cooled fuel cell is applied to an electronic device, the current load control period and the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell can usually be directly obtained from the central control system of the electrical device. Among them, the electrical device can be a vehicle, a production device, or other types of electrical devices. For example, when the electrical device is specifically a vehicle, the current load control period and the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell can be obtained from the central control system of the vehicle.

[0053] Step S12: Determine the heating power of the current load control period according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell.

[0054] It should be noted that the theoretical working power is the maximum power that the air-cooled fuel cell can output theoretically. In practical applications, it can be calculated according to the principles of thermodynamics. The theoretical output voltage of a single cell in the fuel cell stack (including air-cooled fuel cells and water-cooled fuel cells) is U ultra (The U ultra is generally about 1.25V). At this time, the theoretical working power of a single cell can be calculated as I×U ultra , and further, the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell can be calculated as I×N×U ultra .

[0055] According to the form of energy conversion, a part of the theoretical working power of the fuel cell does external work, and the other part is converted into heat. Specifically, for the air-cooled fuel cell, a part of its theoretical working power (i.e., I×N×U ultra ) outputs electrical energy externally. This part of the power is the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period, and the remaining part is the heating power of the current load control period. This part of the power (i.e., the heating power) is used to heat the air-cooled fuel cell itself.

[0056] Therefore, in step S12, the heating power of the current load control period can be calculated according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell. Specifically, it can be calculated by the following formula two to obtain the heating power of the current load control period:

[0057] W = I×N×U ultra - I×U Formula Two

[0058] In Formula Two, W is the heating power of the current load control period; N is the total number of single cells connected in series in the fuel cell stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; I is the actual output current of the fuel cell stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period; U is the actual output voltage of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period; Uultra In the fuel cell stack of the air-cooled fuel cell, it is the theoretical output voltage of a single cell.

[0059] In Formula 2, I×U is the actual output power obtained through the above-mentioned step S11, and I×N×U ultra is the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell. The difference between the two is the power used to heat the air-cooled fuel cell itself, that is, the heat generation power of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle.

[0060] Step S13: Determine the target air delivery volume of the fan according to the heat generation power in the current load control cycle and the set temperature increase value in the current load control cycle.

[0061] Before explaining this step S13, it is necessary to further explain the control principle of this application. As mentioned above, this application controls the low-temperature start through multiple load control cycles. In each load control cycle, a corresponding set temperature increase value needs to be set to increase the temperature of the air volume sent by the fan accordingly. For example, in the mth load control cycle, its set temperature increase value is ΔT m , and the control method at this time is to increase the temperature of the air volume sent by the fan by ΔT within the mth load control cycle m degrees Celsius, and within the mth load control cycle, the air-cooled fuel cell still operates at the above-mentioned actual output power. At this time, within the mth load control cycle of the air-cooled fuel cell, on the one hand, it needs to provide electrical energy outward at the actual output power, and on the other hand, it also needs to increase the temperature of the air volume sent by the fan by ΔT m degrees Celsius. Based on the same principle, within the 1st, 2nd... nth load control cycles, it also needs to provide electrical energy outward at their respective corresponding actual output powers, and increase the temperature by ΔT1, ΔT2... ΔT n degrees Celsius.

[0062] Since this application is an air-cooled fuel cell and is cooled by the air volume provided by the fan, it is necessary to control the air delivery volume of the fan so that while the air-cooled fuel cell transmits electricity outward at the above-mentioned actual output power, the temperature increase amplitude of the air sent by the fan reaches the set temperature increase value. Among them, the power for the air-cooled fuel cell to increase the temperature is the heat generation power of the above-mentioned cycle. Therefore, it is necessary to control the air delivery volume of the fan so that under this heat generation power, the temperature increase amplitude of the air sent in reaches the set temperature increase value.

[0063] Therefore, in this step S13, according to the heat generation power in the current load control cycle and the set temperature increase value in the current load control cycle, determine the target air delivery volume of the fan. The specific implementation method of this step S13 can be to calculate the target air delivery volume through the following Formula 3:

[0064] W = C air × V air × ρ air × ΔT Formula 3

[0065] In this Formula 3, W is the heating power of the current load control cycle, and the value of W can be obtained through the above-mentioned step S12; C air is the specific heat capacity of air, and; ΔT is the set temperature rise value of the current load control cycle, ρ air is the density of air. Among them, C air and ρ air are both key parameters of air. Here, how to obtain C air and ρ air will not be elaborated; V air is the target air delivery volume of the fan. Therefore, after obtaining the heating power W of the current load control cycle through the above-mentioned step S12, it can be substituted into this Formula 3 to calculate the target air delivery volume V of the fan air .

[0066] Among them, for the set temperature rise value ΔT of the current load control cycle, specifically, it can be set according to actual needs. For example, it can be set to a fixed value. At this time, ΔT of each load control cycle is equal. For example, it can be a fixed value between 0.5 degrees Celsius and 5 degrees Celsius

[0067] In practical applications, the fan blows the air in the surrounding environment of the air-cooled fuel cell to the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell to cool it. At the same time, the air blown by the fan is heated, so that its temperature rise amplitude in the current load control cycle is the set temperature rise value ΔT. The larger the set temperature rise value ΔT, it means the difference between the air temperature (denoted as T temp ) when the fan blows into the stack and the air temperature (denoted as T 目标 ) when it blows out of the stack, that is, ΔT = T 目标 - T temp . In practical applications, a temperature sensor can be set to detect the air temperature T temp when the fan blows into the stack and the air temperature T 目标 when it blows out of the stack. Since the value of T temp is relatively fixed within a certain period of time, therefore, by controlling T 目标 , the follow-up control with a temperature rise amplitude of the set temperature rise value ΔT can be achieved. For example, in the current load control cycle, the temperature sensor can be used to collect T 目标 , so as to control T 目标 to achieve a temperature rise amplitude of the set temperature rise value ΔT

[0068] Step S14: Control the operating parameters of the fan in the current load control period according to the target air delivery volume of the fan.

[0069] The operating parameters here refer to the operating parameters that can affect the air delivery volume of the fan. For example, in practical applications, the rotational speed and output power of the fan will both affect its air delivery volume. Therefore, the operating parameter can be the rotational speed or the output power.

[0070] In practical applications, the rotational speed of the fan is related to its air delivery volume. Therefore, after obtaining the target air delivery volume of the fan through the above-mentioned step S13, in this step S14, according to the target air delivery volume of the fan, control the operating parameters of the fan in the current load control period. Specifically, the fan curve of the fan can be obtained. The fan curve reflects the corresponding relationship between the rotational speed and the air delivery volume of the fan. Then, based on the target air delivery volume of the fan and the fan curve of the fan, determine the target rotational speed of the fan. Furthermore, based on the target rotational speed, control the rotational speed of the fan in the current load control period. For example, the rotational speed of the fan can be adjusted to the target rotational speed through the PID control algorithm.

[0071] Similarly, when the operating parameter is specifically the output power, the specific implementation method of this step S14 can be to obtain the second fan curve of the fan. The second fan curve reflects the corresponding relationship between the output power and the air delivery volume of the fan. Then, based on the target air delivery volume of the fan and the second fan curve, determine the target output power of the fan. Furthermore, based on the target output power, control the output power of the fan in the current load control period. For example, the output power of the fan can be adjusted to the target output power through the PID control algorithm.

[0072] Adopting the method provided by the embodiment of the present application, including obtaining the current load control period, the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell, then determining the heat generation power of the current load control period according to the actual output power and the theoretical operating power of the air-cooled fuel cell, then determining the target air delivery volume of the fan according to the heat generation power of the current load control period and the set temperature rise value of the current load control period, and controlling the operating parameters of the fan in the current load control period according to the target air delivery volume of the fan. In this way, in the current load control period, by controlling the operating parameters of the fan, the fan can deliver air at the target air delivery volume. Correspondingly, the fuel cell can operate at the actual output power in the current load control period. Therefore, in multiple load control periods, the low-temperature startup of the air-cooled fuel cell can be achieved through this method.

[0073] Based on the same inventive concept as the air-cooled fuel cell low-temperature start control method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the embodiments of the present application also provide an air-cooled fuel cell low-temperature start control device. As Figure 2 shown in the specific structural schematic diagram of the device 20. For the embodiments of the device 20, if there are unclear points, reference can be made to the above method embodiments. Among them, the low-temperature start of the air-cooled fuel cell is divided into multiple load control cycles, and each load control cycle is respectively used as the current load control cycle. The device 20 includes: an acquisition unit 201, a determination unit 202, a second determination unit 203, and a control unit 204, where:

[0074] The acquisition unit 201 is configured to acquire the current load control cycle and the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell;

[0075] The determination unit 202 is configured to determine the heat generation power of the current load control cycle according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell;

[0076] The second determination unit 203 is configured to determine the target air delivery volume of the fan according to the heat generation power of the current load control cycle and the set temperature rise value of the current load control cycle;

[0077] The control unit 204 is configured to control the working parameters of the fan in the current load control cycle according to the target air delivery volume.

[0078] Obviously, since the device 20 adopts the same inventive concept as the method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the device 20 can also solve the problems in the prior art, which will not be elaborated here.

[0079] Among them, determining the heat generation power of the current load control cycle according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell specifically includes calculating the heat generation power of the current load control cycle through the following formula:

[0080] W = I × N × U ultra -I × U;

[0081] where W is the heat generation power of the current load control cycle; N is the total number of single cells connected in series in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; I is the actual output current of the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle; U is the actual output voltage of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle; U ultra is the theoretical output voltage of the single cell.

[0082] Wherein, the device 20 may further include an actual output voltage determination unit, configured to detect the single-cell output voltage of each single cell in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell through a plurality of single-cell voltage inspectors in the current load control period;

[0083] Based on the detected single-cell output voltage of each single cell, calculate the actual output voltage U of the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period through the following formula;

[0084]

[0085] Wherein, i is the serial number of the i-th single cell in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; U i is the single-cell output voltage of the i-th single cell in the current load control period.

[0086] Wherein, determining the target air delivery volume of the fan according to the heating power in the current load control period and the set temperature rise value in the current load control period may specifically include calculating the target air delivery volume through the following formula:

[0087] W = C air × V air × ρ air × ΔT;

[0088] Wherein, W is the heating power in the current load control period; C air is the specific heat capacity of air; ΔT is the set temperature rise value in the current load control period; ρ air is the density of air; V air is the target air delivery volume of the fan.

[0089] Wherein, ΔT = T 目标 - T temp wherein, T temp is the air temperature blown into the stack by the fan; T 目标 is the air temperature when the fan blows out of the stack; the method further includes: realizing a temperature rise amplitude of the set temperature rise value ΔT by controlling T 目标 .

[0090] Wherein, the operating parameters specifically include the rotational speed; and, controlling the operating parameters of the fan in the current load control period according to the target air delivery volume may specifically include:

[0091] Determine the target rotational speed of the fan according to the target air delivery volume and the fan curve of the fan, wherein the fan curve reflects the corresponding relationship between the rotational speed and the air delivery volume of the fan;

[0092] Based on the target rotational speed, control the rotational speed of the fan in the current load control cycle.

[0093] Among them, obtaining the current load control cycle and the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell may specifically include:

[0094] Obtain the current load control cycle and the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell from the central control system of the electrical equipment.

[0095] The embodiment of the present application also provides a controller. As Figure 3 shown in the specific structural schematic diagram of the controller, the controller includes: at least one processing unit 31 and a storage unit 32. Figure 3 Taking one processing unit as an example. The processing unit 31 and the storage unit 32 can be connected through a bus 30. The storage unit 32 stores instructions executable by the processing unit 31. The instructions are executed by the processing unit 31 so that the controller can execute all or part of the processes of the method in the above embodiments. Among them, the controller can be a controller (Fuel-cell Control Unit, FCU) in the fuel cell. At this time, the method provided by the embodiment of the present application can be executed through the FCU to control the low-temperature start of the air-cooled fuel cell.

[0096] Among them, the storage unit 32 can be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Flash Memory, a Hard Disk Drive (abbreviation: HDD), or a Solid-State Drive (SSD), etc. The storage medium can also include a combination of the above types of storage units.

[0097] Of course, the embodiment of the present application can also provide an air-cooled fuel cell. The air-cooled fuel cell is provided with the controller provided by the embodiment of the present application, and thus can execute the method provided by the embodiment of the present application through the controller to control the low-temperature start of the air-cooled fuel cell.

[0098] The embodiment of the present application can also provide an electrical equipment. The electrical equipment is provided with the air-cooled fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the present application. Among them, the electrical equipment can be a vehicle, a production equipment, a communication base station, etc. The air-cooled fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the present application can be used as a backup power source or a common power source of the electrical equipment.

[0099] Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments of the present application can be provided as a method, a system, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present application can take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Moreover, the present application can take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage units, CD-ROMs, optical storage units, etc.) that contain computer-usable program code.

[0100] The present application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each flow and / or block in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, and the combination of flows and / or blocks in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams, can be realized by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to the processing unit of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing devices to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processing unit of the computer or other programmable data processing devices generate a device for realizing the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or the combination of blocks.

[0101] These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage unit that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage unit generate a manufactured article including an instruction device that realizes the functions specified in Figure 1 one or more of the flows Figure 1 or blocks or the combination of blocks.

[0102] The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those of ordinary skill in the art in the technical field, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements are also considered within the protection scope of the present invention. The content not described in detail in this specification belongs to the known prior art of those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A low temperature start-up control method for an air-cooled fuel cell, characterized in that: The low temperature start-up of the air-cooled fuel cell is divided into a plurality of load control cycles, and each load control cycle is used as a current load control cycle. The method includes: Obtaining the actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell during the current load control period; Determining the heating power of the current load control cycle according to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell; Determining a target air supply volume of the fan according to the heating power of the current load control cycle and the set temperature rise value of the current load control cycle; According to the target air supply volume, the operating parameters of the fan in the current load control cycle are controlled.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the actual output power and the theoretical working power of the air-cooled fuel cell, the heating power of the current load control cycle is determined, specifically including calculating the heating power of the current load control cycle by the following formula: W=I×N×U ultra - I×U; Wherein, W is the heating power of the current load control cycle; N is the total number of single-chip batteries connected in series in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; I is the actual output current of the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle; U is the actual output voltage of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control cycle; U ultra is the theoretical output voltage of the single cell.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The method further comprises: In the current load control cycle, a plurality of single-chip voltage inspectors are used to detect the single-chip output voltage of each single-chip battery in the stack of the air-cooled fuel cell; Based on the detected single-cell output voltages of each single-cell battery, the actual output voltage U of the air-cooled fuel cell stack in the current load control cycle is calculated by the following formula; 4. Among them, i is the serial number of the i-th single cell in the air-cooled fuel cell stack; is the single-chip output voltage of the ith single-chip battery in the current load control cycle.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that According to the heating power of the current load control cycle and the set temperature rise value of the current load control cycle, the target air supply volume of the fan is determined, specifically including calculating the target air supply volume by the following formula: W= C air ×V air ×ρ air ×ΔT; Wherein, W is the heating power of the current load control cycle; C air is the specific heat capacity of air; ΔT is the set temperature rise value of the current load control cycle; ρ air is the density of air; V air is the target air supply volume of the fan.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that ΔT = T 目标 -T temp , where T temp T is the temperature of the air blown into the fuel cell stack by the fan; 目标 is the air temperature when the fan blows out the stack; the method further comprises: controlling T 目标 To achieve a temperature rise amplitude of the set temperature rise value ΔT.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The working parameters specifically include a rotation speed; and, according to the target air supply volume, controlling the working parameters of the fan in the current load control cycle specifically includes: Determining a target rotation speed of the fan according to the target air supply volume and a fan curve of the fan, wherein the fan curve reflects a corresponding relationship between the rotation speed of the fan and the air supply volume; Based on the target rotational speed, the rotational speed of the fan in the current load control cycle is controlled.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell in the current load control period is obtained, specifically including: The actual output power of the air-cooled fuel cell during the current load control period is obtained from the central control system of the power-consuming equipment.

9. A controller, characterized in that: The controller comprises a storage unit and a processing unit, wherein the storage unit stores a program, and when the program is executed by the processing unit, the steps in the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. An air-cooled fuel cell, characterized in that: The air-cooled fuel cell is provided with the controller as claimed in claim 8.

11. An electrical device, characterized in that: The electrical equipment is provided with the air-cooled fuel cell as claimed in claim 9.

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