Mechanical reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning

Abstract

The invention relates to a mechanical reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning, which comprises N frequency selective surface units, and the N frequency selective surface units are arranged in an array according to a periodic shape, the frequency selection surface unit comprises four frequency selection surface subunits; the frequency selective surface subunit comprises a dielectric substrate and a circular conductive layer; the annular conducting layer is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate; the four frequency selection surface subunits are formed by connecting the included angles of a degree, 180-a degree, a degree and 180-a degree between the adjacent frequency selection surface subunits; as the rotary rigid body structure is selected as the dielectric substrate, the tunable filter only generates mechanical deformation on the horizontal plane in the tuning process, and the complexity of mechanical tuning is reduced; the invention has the advantages of large frequency tuning range, strong polarization stability, good tuning continuity and the like, and has great application potential in the fields of wearable equipment, radomes and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic metamaterials and relates to a mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on tuning of a rotating rigid body structure. Background Art

[0002] Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional material with a periodic structure that can selectively reflect, transmit or absorb electromagnetic waves within a specific frequency range. FSS is widely used in wireless communications, electromagnetic shielding, radar stealth and other fields. With the rapid development of modern communication technology, the demand for FSS with higher flexibility and adaptability has become increasingly prominent.

[0003] Passive FSS are usually designed as static structures and cannot be adjusted according to the operating environment or demand changes. Once the design is completed, their electromagnetic characteristics are fixed, which limits their adaptability in complex electromagnetic environments. In order to overcome the shortcomings of passive FSS, reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces (RFSS) have begun to attract widespread attention from scholars. [1-3] The resonant frequency of the frequency selective surface is tuned by introducing active elements. [4-6] Using dielectric materials with variable electromagnetic properties, the resonant frequency of the frequency selective surface is tuned by changing the electromagnetic properties of the dielectric materials. [7-10] The resonant frequency of the frequency selective surface is tuned by changing the FSS unit structure or array arrangement through mechanical deformation. The above RFSS can realize real-time regulation of electromagnetic characteristics according to needs, so as to better adapt to the complex electromagnetic environment of the outside world.

[0004] Among the many design concepts of RFSS, the mechanical tuning method by changing the shape of the flexible RFSS substrate has the advantages of low loss, simple structure, no need for bias network and good tuning continuity, and thus has gradually attracted attention.

[0005] Some mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surfaces (MRFSS) based on changing the shape of flexible RFSS substrates have been proposed. [11-14] An RFSS based on an origami substrate was designed, and tuning was achieved by changing the folding angle of the RFSS unit substrate.

[15] ,

[16] The FSS unit is loaded onto a flexible substrate and tuning is achieved by stretching the flexible substrate.

[17] ,

[18] Mechanical metamaterials are applied in the design of electromagnetic metamaterials. Although the above MRFSS structure can achieve the tuning of the resonant frequency, it still has the defects of limited tuning range, poor polarization stability and inability to achieve continuous tuning. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning, comprising N frequency selective surface units, wherein the N frequency selective surface units are arranged in a periodic shape array;

[0007] The frequency selective surface unit includes four frequency selective surface sub-units;

[0008] The frequency selective surface subunit comprises a dielectric substrate and a circular annular conductive layer;

[0009] The annular conductive layer is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate;

[0010] The four frequency selective surface sub-units are connected with adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units at angles of a degree, 180-a degrees, a degree, and 180-a degrees.

[0011] Furthermore, the periodic array arrangement includes arranging in a matrix manner.

[0012] Furthermore, the medium substrate adopts a rotating rigid body structure.

[0013] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate is square.

[0014] Furthermore, the center of the annular conductive layer coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate.

[0015] Furthermore, 0°≤a≤90°.

[0016] Furthermore, a distance d1 from the outer edge of the annular conductive layer to the edge of the dielectric substrate is greater than 0.

[0017] Furthermore, a center distance d2 between the annular conductive layers of adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units is greater than zero.

[0018] Furthermore, the adjacent frequency selective surface subunits are connected via a hinge structure.

[0019] Furthermore, the annular conductive layer is made of a material with high electrical conductivity.

[0020] The present invention provides a mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotational rigid body structure tuning, which achieves the tuning of the resonant frequency of the frequency selective surface by changing the angle of the rotating rigid body structure dielectric substrate; since the rotating rigid body structure is selected as the dielectric substrate, the present invention only undergoes mechanical deformation on the horizontal plane during the tuning process, reducing the complexity of mechanical tuning; the present invention has the advantages of a large frequency tuning range, strong polarization stability, good tuning continuity, etc., and has great application potential in the fields of wearable devices and antenna covers. The present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] (1) The present invention achieves the purpose of tuning by changing the rotation angle of the rotating rigid body structure unit, thereby changing the electromagnetic coupling relationship between the conductive rings. The periodic shape of each unit of the MRFSS structure can be changed by applying a simple external force on the rotating rigid body structure, thereby reducing the difficulty of mechanical tuning.

[0022] (2) The present invention uses a rotating rigid body structure as the dielectric substrate of the MRFSS to achieve frequency tuning of the MRFSS. The rotating rigid body structure has a rich topological structure and arrangement mode, making the design of the FSS more flexible.

[0023] (3) The present invention has a band-stop frequency response, and the stop-band resonance point can achieve continuous frequency tuning in a large range. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results.

[0024] (4) The present invention is symmetrical in structure, so the present invention has strong polarization stability.

[0025] (5) The present invention has a simple structure, is easy to process, and has low requirements on processing accuracy.

[0026] (6) The present invention can be manufactured by 3D printing technology, which greatly simplifies the manufacturing steps and reduces the manufacturing time while wasting less manufacturing materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0028] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency selective surface subunit, where (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency selective surface subunit Figure 3 D structure, (b) top view of frequency selective surface subunit structure, (c) side view of frequency selective surface subunit structure, (d) bottom view of frequency selective surface subunit structure;

[0029] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the frequency selective surface subunit from different viewing angles, (a) is a top view of the frequency selective surface subunit in a state where the grid angle a=90°, (b) is a top view of the frequency selective surface subunit in a state where the grid angle a=45°, and (c) is a top view of the frequency selective surface subunit in a state where the grid angle a=0°;

[0030] Figure 3 Simulation transmission coefficient of MRFSS structure under different grid angles;

[0031] Figure 4 (a) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample, wherein (a) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample in the state of the grid angle a=90°, (b) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample in the state of the grid angle a=60°, (c) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample in the state of the grid angle a=90°, and (d) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample in the state of the grid angle a=0°;

[0032] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the experimental setup;

[0033] Figure 6 (a) is the transmission coefficient of the MRFSS sample tested under different grid angles, and (b) is the comparison between the test and simulation of the resonant frequency.

[0034] Figure numerals: 1, dielectric substrate, 2, annular conductive layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments may be combined with each other. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is actually only illustrative and is by no means intended to limit the present invention and its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] A mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning, comprising N frequency selective surface units, wherein the N frequency selective surface units are arranged in a periodic array; N≥0;

[0038] The frequency selective surface unit includes four frequency selective surface sub-units;

[0039] The frequency selective surface subunit comprises a dielectric substrate 1 and an annular conductive layer 2;

[0040] The annular conductive layer 2 is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate 1;

[0041] The four frequency selective surface sub-units are formed by connecting adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units at a degree, 180-a degrees, a degree, and 180-a degrees. Frequency tuning is achieved by changing the angle of the unit square of the rotating rigid structure medium substrate 1 and thereby changing the electromagnetic coupling relationship between the conductive rings.

[0042] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency selective surface subunit, where (a) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency selective surface subunit Figure 3 D structure, (b) top view of frequency selective surface subunit structure, (c) side view of frequency selective surface subunit structure, (d) bottom view of frequency selective surface subunit structure;

[0043] Figure 2 Schematic diagrams of the frequency selective surface subunit from different viewing angles, (a) is a top view of the frequency selective surface subunit in a state where the grid angle a=90°, (b) is a top view of the frequency selective surface subunit in a state where the grid angle a=45°, and (c) is a top view of the frequency selective surface subunit in a state where the grid angle a=0°;

[0044] Furthermore, the periodic array arrangement includes arranging in a matrix manner.

[0045] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 1 adopts a rotating rigid body structure.

[0046] Furthermore, the dielectric substrate 1 is in the shape of a square, rectangle, triangle, hexagon, etc.;

[0047] Furthermore, the center of the annular conductive layer 2 coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate 1 .

[0048] Furthermore, 0°≤a≤90°.

[0049] Furthermore, a distance d1 from the outer edge of the annular conductive layer 2 to the edge of the dielectric substrate 1 is greater than 0.

[0050] Furthermore, a center distance d2 between the annular conductive layers 2 of adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units is greater than zero.

[0051] Furthermore, the thickness d of the dielectric substrate 1 is in the range of: 6 mm ≥ d ≥ 0;

[0052] Furthermore: the adjacent frequency selective surface subunits are connected via a hinge structure.

[0053] Furthermore, the annular conductive layer 2 is made of a high conductivity material. The high conductivity material is made of a high conductivity material such as copper, silver, graphite, etc.;

[0054] Embodiment 1: A mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning, comprising N frequency selective surface units, wherein the N frequency selective surface units are arranged in a periodic array;

[0055] The frequency selective surface unit includes four frequency selective surface sub-units;

[0056] The frequency selective surface subunit comprises a dielectric substrate 1 and a circular conductive layer 2; the dielectric substrate 1 is a square; the square side length of the dielectric substrate 1 is D=10 mm;

[0057] The grid thickness of the rotating rigid structure medium substrate 1 is H=4 mm;

[0058] The annular conductive layer 2 is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate 1;

[0059] The thickness of the annular conductive layer 2 is t=0.008 mm;

[0060] The outer diameter R2 of the annular conductive layer 2 is 6 mm;

[0061] The inner diameter R1 of the annular conductive layer 2 is 4.4 mm;

[0062] The four frequency selective surface sub-units are formed by connecting adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units at a degree, 180-a degrees, a degree, and 180-a degrees. Frequency tuning is achieved by changing the angle of the unit square of the rotating rigid structure medium substrate 1 and thereby changing the electromagnetic coupling relationship between the conductive rings.

[0063] The top view of the proposed MRFSS unit under different dielectric substrate 1 grid angle states is shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 As shown, the distance between the centers of the annular conductive patterns is S, which is calculated as follows:

[0064]

[0065] Wherein, D is the side length of the square of the dielectric substrate 1, and a is the external angle between adjacent dielectric substrates 1;

[0066] It can be seen from the above formula that by changing the angle a between the structural dielectric substrates 1, the distance S between the centers of the annular conductive patterns can be changed, thereby changing the electromagnetic coupling relationship between the conductive rings to achieve the purpose of frequency tuning.

[0067] In order to verify the mechanical tuning capability of the MRFSS structure, CST Studio Suite software was used to Figure 1 The MRFSS structure shown in the figure is subjected to full-wave electromagnetic simulation, and the transmission coefficient of the infinite RFSS structure is simulated using Floquet ports and periodic boundary conditions. The grid angle is gradually reduced from 90° to 0°, and the simulation is performed every 15°. The full-wave electromagnetic simulation results of the MRFSS structure at different grid angles when the electromagnetic wave is vertically incident are shown in Figure 2. Figure 3 As shown. Figure 3 It can be seen that the proposed RFSS has a first-order band-stop frequency response. By rotating the grid, the stop-band resonance point can achieve continuous frequency tuning from 14.73 GHz to 16.1 GHz, with a tuning range of 1.37 GHz. The –10 dB bandwidth is between 0.732 GHz and 1.826 GHz, and the –10 dB bandwidth gradually increases as a decreases.

[0068] To further verify the effectiveness of the MRFSS structure, MRFSS samples were made, such as Figure 4 is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample, wherein (a) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample at a grid angle of a = 90°, (b) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample at a grid angle of a = 60°, (c) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample at a grid angle of a = 90°, and (d) is the overall structure diagram of the MRFSS sample at a grid angle of a = 0°; the overall size is 194.2mm*194.2mm and contains 14*14 units;

[0069] First, a rotating rigid structure dielectric substrate 1 is manufactured by 3D printing technology. The rotating rigid structure dielectric substrate 1 is made of 3D printed flexible filament material (dielectric constant εr=2.7, loss tangent tanδ=0.008);

[0070] Then, a circular conductive pattern is printed on the rotating rigid structure medium substrate 1 by conductive ink printing technology, and the circular conductive pattern adopts silver paste conductive ink;

[0071] It is worth noting that, for the convenience of simulation, Figure 1The MRFSS shown is a unit structure in an ideal state. The thickness of the connection between the rotating rigid structure grids is 0. In the sample manufacturing, the thickness of the connection between the rotating rigid structure grids is set to 0.4 mm. After simulation analysis, the slight change in the thickness of the connection between the grids has a negligible effect on the MRFSS transmission coefficient.

[0072] The transmission coefficient of the MRFSS sample was measured using the free space measurement method in a microwave darkroom. Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the instruments used include a vector network analyzer (Agilent N5242A), transmitting and receiving antennas (ETS-LINDGREN3117). To ensure the far-field condition, the antenna is located about 2m away from the sample. In order to reduce the edge effect and improve the test accuracy, the sample is placed in the middle of the conical absorber. The transmission coefficient measured by the conical absorber without placing the sample is used as the normalization coefficient, and the time domain gate technology is used to filter out the influence of the diffraction wave on the measurement results.

[0073] The transmission coefficient of the sample under vertical incidence of electromagnetic waves is as follows: Figure 6 As shown in the figure, (a) is the transmission coefficient of the MRFSS sample under different grid angles, and (b) is the comparison of the test and simulation of the resonant frequency. As the grid angle decreases from 90° to 0°, the resonant frequency of the MRFSS decreases from 15.98 GHz to 14.84 GHz, and the test results are in good agreement with the simulation results. Some slight insertion loss deviations and low-frequency fluctuations are caused by manufacturing errors, slightly higher resistivity of the conductive ink, dielectric offset of the material, and limited size of the sample. Note that the experimentally measured tuning range is slightly smaller than the simulation result. This is because in the state of a = 0°, there is a tiny air gap between the MRFSS substrate grids, which reduces the tuning range.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

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Claims

1. A mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning, characterized in that: It comprises N frequency selective surface units, wherein the N frequency selective surface units are arranged in a periodic array; The frequency selective surface unit includes four frequency selective surface sub-units; The frequency selective surface subunit comprises a dielectric substrate and a circular annular conductive layer; The annular conductive layer is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate; The four frequency selective surface sub-units are connected with adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units at angles of a degree, 180-a degrees, a degree, and 180-a degrees.

2. A mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The periodic array arrangement includes arranging in a matrix manner.

3. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium substrate adopts a rotating rigid body structure.

4. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The medium substrate is in a square shape.

5. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center of the annular conductive layer coincides with the center of the dielectric substrate.

6. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: 0°≤a≤90°。 7. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance d1 from the outer edge of the annular conductive layer to the edge of the dielectric substrate is greater than 0.

8. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The center distance d2 between the annular conductive layers of adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units is greater than zero.

9. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adjacent frequency selective surface sub-units are connected via a hinge structure.

10. The mechanically reconfigurable frequency selective surface based on rotating rigid body structure tuning according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular conductive layer is made of a material with high electrical conductivity.

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