Fertilizing method for improving quality and efficiency of rape

Abstract

The invention discloses a fertilizing method for improving quality and efficiency of rape, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural fertilization. The fertilizing method comprises the following steps: before rape planting, applying a compound fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, a potash fertilizer and fulvic acid, and ploughing into soil; after the oilseed rape is planted, a seedling fertilizer and a bud and bolting fertilizer are applied, and the seedling fertilizer and the bud and bolting fertilizer are both urea; the application amount of the fulvic acid is 25-35 kg / mu. Through comprehensive basal application of the compound fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer, the potash fertilizer and the plant-source fulvic acid, the effects of reducing application of the chemical fertilizer, increasing the yield of the rape and improving the quality of the rape are achieved, and the green, high-quality and high-efficiency concept of the national rape industry is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilization, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of rapeseed. Background Art

[0002] At present, a series of achievements have been made at home and abroad in aspects such as increasing rapeseed yield, improving soil, and enhancing fertilizer utilization efficiency, such as key technologies and products like new high-quality, multi-resistant, high-yield, and high-efficiency rapeseed varieties, efficient straw returning to the field, organic substitution, rapeseed-specific fertilizers, and fertilizer synergists. However, the above research is more about the application of single technologies on rapeseed. With the proposal of the concept of green, high-quality, and high-efficiency, it is urgent to comprehensively improve the green production level of rapeseed and realize the transformation from reducing chemical fertilizer use and increasing efficiency to improving quality and increasing efficiency.

[0003] Existing research has shown that fulvic acid has significant effects on reducing fertilizer use and increasing efficiency, improving quality, enhancing stress and drought resistance, and improving soil structure in rapeseed. Fulvic acid can be divided into three categories according to its source and preparation process: mineral-source fulvic acid, biochemical fulvic acid, and plant-source fulvic acid. Plant-source fulvic acid is prepared from agricultural and forestry waste such as natural plant straws and branch wood through enzymatic hydrolysis, cracking, and catalytic oxidation technologies. Its raw material resources are rich, it is a renewable resource, green and pollution-free, the product quality is stable, and it has rich active groups. In addition to the fulvic acid generated from lignin in this product, there are also nutritional components and stimulating auxins required for plant growth such as oligosaccharide fibers, amino oligosaccharides, and small molecule peptides generated from cellulose and hemicellulose, and it has functional components with various special fertilizer effects. However, there are few reports on the impact of plant-source fulvic acid on improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of rapeseed.

[0004] Therefore, aiming at the problems of large chemical fertilizer application amount, low fertilizer utilization efficiency, and low quality performance in the rapeseed cultivation area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, it is urgent to provide a fertilization method suitable for improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of rapeseed to meet the needs of the green, high-quality, and high-efficiency development of the rapeseed industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fertilization method for improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of rapeseed to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art. Through the combined basal application of compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and plant-source fulvic acid, the present invention achieves the effects of reducing chemical fertilizer application, increasing rapeseed yield, and improving rapeseed quality, which is in line with the national concept of green, high-quality, and high-efficiency of the rapeseed industry.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0007] The present invention provides a fertilization method for improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of rapeseed. Before rapeseed planting, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and fulvic acid are applied and plowed into the soil; after rapeseed planting, seedling fertilizer and budding fertilizer are applied, and both the seedling fertilizer and the budding fertilizer are urea.

[0008] The application rate of the fulvic acid is 25 - 35 kg / mu.

[0009] Optionally, before planting the rape, it is 7 - 10 days before planting the rape.

[0010] Optionally, the application rate of the compound fertilizer is 32 - 40 kg / mu, the application rate of the phosphate fertilizer calculated as superphosphate is 4.6 - 5.8 kg / mu, the application rate of the potassium fertilizer calculated as potassium chloride is 1.0 - 1.3 kg / mu, the application rate of the seedling fertilizer is 6.1 - 7.6 kg / mu, and the application rate of the bolting fertilizer is 6.1 - 7.6 kg / mu.

[0011] Optionally, the application rate of the compound fertilizer is 32 - 36 kg / mu, the application rate of the phosphate fertilizer calculated as superphosphate is 4.6 - 5.2 kg / mu, the application rate of the potassium fertilizer calculated as potassium chloride is 1.0 - 1.2 kg / mu, the application rate of the seedling fertilizer is 6.1 - 6.8 kg / mu, and the application rate of the bolting fertilizer is 6.1 - 6.8 kg / mu.

[0012] Furthermore, the application rate of the compound fertilizer is 32 kg / mu, the application rate of the phosphate fertilizer calculated as superphosphate is 4.6 kg / mu, the application rate of the potassium fertilizer calculated as potassium chloride is 1.0 kg / mu, the application rate of the seedling fertilizer is 6.1 kg / mu, and the application rate of the bolting fertilizer is 6.1 kg / mu.

[0013] Furthermore, the nutrient content of N - P2O5 - K2O in the compound fertilizer is 25 - 7 - 8. The effective components of the compound fertilizer include nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide, and the mass ratio of each effective component is nitrogen:phosphorus pentoxide:potassium oxide = 25:7:8.

[0014] Furthermore, the fulvic acid is plant - derived fulvic acid. The plant - derived fulvic acid is produced by Bengbu Xinghe Straw Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a fulvic acid content of 35.6% and a pH of 5.50.

[0015] Through the comprehensive basal application of compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and plant - derived fulvic acid, it has a significant promoting effect on the growth rate, yield, quality, and stress resistance of rape. Using plant - derived fulvic acid as a basal fertilizer can improve drought and cold resistance, promote root development, increase chlorophyll content, improve fertilizer efficiency, and improve the quality of rape. It is a multifunctional soil conditioner and plant growth regulator.

[0016] By top - dressing an appropriate amount of urea during the seedling stage of rape, it can ensure sufficient nutrition during the seedling stage, promote the growth of rape, and contribute to strong seedlings; by top - dressing an appropriate amount of urea during the bolting stage of rape, it can meet the nutritional requirements of this stage, contribute to promoting the growth and development of rape, extend the lifespan of leaves and stems, increase grain weight, and improve yield.

[0017] Optionally, the tillage depth is 13 - 15 cm.

[0018] Optionally, the planting method of the rapeseed is seedling transplanting; when transplanting, the seedling age of the seedlings is 4 - 6 leaves, and the seedling height is 8 - 12 cm. The variety of the rapeseed is any one of Zhongyouza 19, Aidalang, and Huaza 4. By comprehensively considering various factors such as variety characteristics, quality improvement, local trial planting performance, farming systems, market demand, geographical environment, ecological conditions, crop physiological characteristics, and resistance, a rapeseed variety suitable for planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is selected. By transplanting rapeseed seedlings, the yield can be increased, seeds can be saved, strong seedlings can be cultivated, the crop rotation can be staggered, and the operation efficiency can be improved, thereby improving the economic and ecological benefits of rapeseed planting.

[0019] Optionally, during the full - bloom period of rapeseed, spray 1000 - fold liquid of 80% carbendazim ultrafine powder to prevent sclerotinia rot. Through the comprehensive prevention and control of diseases, insects, and weeds, the occurrence of diseases and pests during the full - bloom period of rapeseed can be greatly reduced, the yield and quality of rapeseed can be improved, and the economic income can be increased.

[0020] The present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the plant - derived fulvic acid used in the present invention is green and pollution - free, the product quality is stable, and it is rich in active groups. It is an efficient biological stimulant and soil conditioner, which has a faster and more direct effect on soil improvement and rapeseed growth. By applying plant - derived fulvic acid as a base fertilizer, the application rate of chemical fertilizers can be significantly reduced, the fertilizer efficiency can be improved, the cold - resistance and drought - resistance functions of rapeseed can be enhanced, the roots of rapeseed can be strengthened, the yield of rapeseed can be increased, and the quality of rapeseed can be improved.

[0022] Taking rapeseed as the research object, the present invention provides a reasonable fertilization method with simple steps and convenient operation. Farmers can quickly master the technical essentials, so as to achieve the purpose of reducing chemical fertilizers and increasing efficiency and improving the quality of rapeseed, scientifically preventing agricultural non - point source pollution, and promoting the coordinated development of agricultural production and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for use in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is the Fourier transform infrared spectrum of three types of fulvic acid;

[0025] Figure 2 For three types of fulvic acid 13 C NMR test results;

[0026] Figure 3 The three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of three types of fulvic acid;

[0027] Figure 4 The rapeseed grain yields under the fertilization methods of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1. Detailed implementation manners

[0028] Now, various exemplary implementation manners of the present invention will be described in detail. This detailed description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention, but rather as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics, and implementation schemes of the present invention.

[0029] It should be understood that the terms described in the present invention are only used to describe specific implementation manners and are not used to limit the present invention. Additionally, for the numerical ranges in the present invention, it should be understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the range is also specifically disclosed. Any intermediate value within any stated value or stated range, as well as each smaller range between any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also included in the present invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the range.

[0030] Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention pertains. Although the present invention only describes preferred methods and materials, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the implementation or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials related to the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the content of this specification shall prevail.

[0031] Without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention, various improvements and changes can be made to the specific implementation manners of the present invention specification, which are obvious to those skilled in the art. Other implementation manners obtained from the present invention specification are obvious to those skilled in the art. The present invention specification and examples are only exemplary.

[0032] Regarding the use of "comprising", "including", "having", "containing", etc. in this article, they are all open-ended terms, meaning including but not limited to.

[0033] In the following embodiments of the present invention, the active ingredients in the compound fertilizer include nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide, and the mass ratio of each active ingredient is nitrogen:phosphorus pentoxide:potassium oxide = 25:7:8, which can be purchased through conventional channels; the plant-derived fulvic acid is purchased from Bengbu Xinghe Straw Biotechnology Co., Ltd., production date: January 26, 2024, product batch number: FA-01-2401-011, the appearance is a yellowish-brown powdery solid, without visible mechanical impurities, and the moisture content ≤ 5.57%; its preparation method has been disclosed in the patent "CN 117430826A: Method for Producing Sugar from Straw and Co-producing Potassium Fulvate and Fulvic Acid".

[0034] Before determining the fertilization method, the present invention studied the differences among mineral fulvic acid (MFA), biochemical fulvic acid (BFA), and straw fulvic acid (SFA). The results are as Figures 1 - 3 shown. As Figure 1 can be seen, compared with MFA and BFA, SFA has weaker aromaticity, more oxygen-containing functional groups on the aromatic ring, smaller molecular weight, and lower degree of polymerization; as Figure 2 can be seen, the carbon structures of the three types of fulvic acids are mainly composed of alkoxy carbon and aromatic carbon, but the hydrophobicity index and aromaticity of SFA are lower than those of MFA and BFA; as Figure 3 can be seen, the three types of fulvic acids are mainly oxygen-containing substances with carbonyl, carboxyl, and phenolic structures. Among them, SFA and BFA have a relatively large proportion of carboxyl, carbonyl, and phenolic structures, while MFA has more aromatic and hydrophobic structures. It shows that compared with MFA and BFA, SFA has more nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functional groups and compound compositions, smaller molecular weight, weaker aromaticity, stronger activity, and is more conducive to plant absorption and utilization, and is a good substitute for MFA and BFA.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] Test site: Conducted in Shigu Village, Guandang Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province (latitude 30°37′42″, longitude 112°28′40″) from 2023 to 2024. It is located in the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, belongs to the semi-humid area, the annual average temperature is about between 15.9°C and 16.1°C, the frost-free period is 255 days, and the annual average sunshine hours are about 2008 hours. The soil type is yellow-brown soil, the terrain is hilly and sloping land, and it belongs to the main rapeseed production area.

[0037] Fertilization method:

[0038] (1) After the previous crop is harvested at the end of September, all crop straws and root stubbles are removed from the field at the beginning of October. The land is leveled by rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Compound fertilizer is applied at a base application rate of 40 kg / mu, with 5.8 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer calculated as superphosphate; 1.3 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer calculated as potassium chloride; and 30 kg / mu of plant-derived fulvic acid. The plowing depth is 15 cm, and the fertilizers are applied into the soil.

[0039] (2) At the beginning of October (7 days after fertilization), select the rapeseed variety Zhongyouza 19 for seedling raising. When the seedling age reaches 4 - 6 leaves and the seedling height is 8 - 12 cm, it can be transplanted. During transplantation, the plant spacing and row spacing are 20 cm * 40 cm, and the planting density is 8400 plants / mu. Water is irrigated to slow down the seedlings, with water in the furrows and no visible water on the ridge surface.

[0040] (3) Top-dress urea during the seedling stage (mid-February) and the budding stage (early March) of rapeseed. The application rate of urea during the seedling stage is 7.6 kg / mu; the application rate of urea during the budding stage is 7.6 kg / mu.

[0041] (4) Prevent and control pests and diseases during the full-bloom stage of rapeseed (from late March to early April), and spray 80% carbendazim ultra-fine powder solution at a dilution of 1000 times to prevent sclerotinia disease.

[0042] (5) When 2 / 3 of the pods of rapeseed turn yellowish-green (early May) and the pods in the middle of the main axis turn loquat-colored, harvest and conduct variety tests.

[0043] Example 2

[0044] Test site: Conducted in Shigu Village, Guandang Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province (latitude 30°37′42″N, longitude 112°28′40″E) from 2023 to 2024. It is located in the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, belonging to a semi-humid area. The annual average temperature is approximately between 15.9°C and 16.1°C, the frost-free period is 255 days, and the annual average sunshine hours are about 2008 hours. The soil type is yellow-brown soil, and the terrain is hilly and sloping land, belonging to the main rapeseed production area.

[0045] Fertilization method:

[0046] (1) After the previous crop is harvested at the end of September, all crop straws and root stubbles are removed from the field at the beginning of October. The land is leveled by rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Compound fertilizer is applied at a base application rate of 36 kg / mu, with 5.2 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer calculated as superphosphate; 1.2 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer calculated as potassium chloride; and 30 kg / mu of plant-derived fulvic acid. The plowing depth is 15 cm, and the fertilizers are applied into the soil.

[0047] (2) At the beginning of October (7 days after fertilization), select the rapeseed variety Zhongyouza 19 for seedling raising. When the seedling age reaches 4 - 6 leaves and the seedling height is 8 - 12 cm, it can be transplanted. During transplantation, the plant spacing and row spacing are 20 cm * 40 cm, and the planting density is 8400 plants / mu. Water is irrigated to slow down the seedlings, with water in the furrows and no visible water on the ridge surface.

[0048] (3) Apply urea as topdressing during the seedling stage (mid-February) and the budding stage (early March) of rapeseed. The application rate of urea during the seedling stage is 6.8 kg / mu; the application rate of urea during the budding stage is 6.8 kg / mu.

[0049] (4) Conduct pest and disease control during the full-bloom stage (late March to early April) of rapeseed. Spray 80% carbendazim, ultrafine powder 1000 times solution to prevent sclerotinia rot.

[0050] (5) When 2 / 3 of the pods of rapeseed turn yellowish-green (early May) and the pods in the middle of the main axis turn loquat-colored, carry out harvesting and variety testing.

[0051] Example 3

[0052] Test site: Conducted in Shigu Village, Guandang Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province (30°37′42″ N, 112°28′40″ E) from 2023 to 2024. It is located in the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, belonging to a semi-humid area. The annual average temperature is about between 15.9°C and 16.1°C, the frost-free period is 255 days, and the annual average sunshine hours are about 2008 hours. The soil type is yellow brown soil, and the terrain is hilly and sloping land, belonging to the main rapeseed production area.

[0053] Fertilization method:

[0054] (1) After the previous crop is harvested at the end of September, all crop straws and rootstocks are removed from the field at the beginning of October, and the land is leveled by rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Apply 32 kg / mu of compound fertilizer as base fertilizer, 4.6 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer calculated as superphosphate; 1.0 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer calculated as potassium chloride; 30 kg / mu of plant-derived fulvic acid, and plow to a depth of 15 cm to incorporate the fertilizer into the soil.

[0055] (2) At the beginning of October (7 days after fertilization), select the rapeseed variety Zhongyouza 19 for seedling raising. When the seedling age reaches 4 - 6 leaves and the seedling height reaches 8 - 12 cm, it can be transplanted. During transplantation, the plant spacing and row spacing are 20 cm * 40 cm, and the density is 8400 plants / mu. Irrigate to slow down the seedlings, irrigate the furrows between ridges, and there should be no visible water on the ridge surface.

[0056] (3) Apply urea as topdressing during the seedling stage (mid-February) and the budding stage (early March) of rapeseed. The application rate of urea during the seedling stage is 6.1 kg / mu; the application rate of urea during the budding stage is 6.1 kg / mu.

[0057] (4) Conduct pest and disease control during the full-bloom stage (late March to early April) of rapeseed. Spray 80% carbendazim, ultrafine powder 1000 times solution to prevent sclerotinia rot.

[0058] (5) When 2 / 3 of the pods of rapeseed turn yellowish-green (early May) and the pods in the middle of the main axis turn loquat-colored, carry out harvesting and variety testing.

[0059] Example 4

[0060] Test site: Conducted in Shigu Village, Guandang Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province (30°37′42″N, 112°28′40″E) from 2023 to 2024. It is located in the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, belonging to the semi-humid area. The annual average temperature is about between 15.9°C and 16.1°C, the frost-free period is 255 days, and the annual average sunshine hours are about 2008 hours. The soil type is yellow brown soil, and the terrain is hilly and sloping land, belonging to the main rapeseed production area.

[0061] Fertilization method:

[0062] (1) After the previous crop was harvested at the end of September, all crop straws and root stubbles were removed from the field at the beginning of October, and the land was leveled by rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Compound fertilizer was applied at a base application rate of 28 kg / mu, calculated as superphosphate, and phosphate fertilizer was applied at a rate of 4.1 kg / mu; calculated as potassium chloride, potassium fertilizer was applied at a rate of 0.9 kg / mu; plant-derived fulvic acid was applied at a rate of 30 kg / mu, and the plowing depth was 15 cm, and the fertilizers were applied into the soil.

[0063] (2) At the beginning of October (7 days after fertilization), the rapeseed variety Zhongyouza 19 was selected for seedling raising. When the seedling age reached 4 - 6 leaves and the seedling height reached 8 - 12 cm, it could be transplanted. During transplantation, the plant spacing and row spacing were 20 cm * 40 cm, and the density was 8400 plants / mu. Water was irrigated to slow down the seedlings, and water was irrigated in the furrows between the ridges, with no visible water on the ridge surface.

[0064] (3) Urea was topdressed during the seedling stage (mid-February) and the budding stage (early March) of rapeseed. The application rate of urea during the seedling stage was 5.3 kg / mu; the application rate of urea during the budding stage was 5.3 kg / mu.

[0065] (4) During the full-bloom stage of rapeseed (from late March to early April), pest and disease control was carried out, and 80% carbendazim ultra-fine powder solution at a dilution of 1000 times was sprayed to prevent sclerotinia rot.

[0066] (5) When 2 / 3 of the pods of rapeseed turned yellowish green (early May) and the pods in the middle of the main axis turned loquat color, harvesting and variety examination were carried out.

[0067] Example 5

[0068] Test site: Conducted in Shigu Village, Guandang Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province (30°37′42″N, 112°28′40″E) from 2023 to 2024. It is located in the north subtropical monsoon climate zone, belonging to the semi-humid area. The annual average temperature is about between 15.9°C and 16.1°C, the frost-free period is 255 days, and the annual average sunshine hours are about 2008 hours. The soil type is yellow brown soil, and the terrain is hilly and sloping land, belonging to the main rapeseed production area.

[0069] Fertilization method:

[0070] (1) After the previous crop is harvested at the end of September, all crop straws and root stubbles are removed from the field at the beginning of October. The land is leveled by rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Compound fertilizer is applied at a base rate of 24 kg / mu, calculated as superphosphate, with 3.5 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer applied; calculated as potassium chloride, 0.8 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer is applied; 30 kg / mu of plant-derived fulvic acid is applied. The plowing depth is 15 cm, and the fertilizers are applied into the soil.

[0071] (2) At the beginning of October (7 days after fertilization), select the rapeseed variety Zhongyouza 19 for seedling raising. When the seedling age reaches 4 - 6 leaves and the seedling height is 8 - 12 cm, it can be transplanted. During transplantation, the plant spacing and row spacing are 20 cm * 40 cm, and the planting density is 8400 plants / mu. Water is irrigated to slow down the seedlings, with water in the furrows and no visible water on the ridge surface.

[0072] (3) Topdress urea during the rapeseed seedling stage (mid - February) and the budding stage (early March). The application rate of urea during the seedling stage is 4.6 kg / mu; the application rate of urea during the budding stage is 4.6 kg / mu.

[0073] (4) Control pests and diseases during the full - blooming stage of rapeseed (from late March to early April), and spray 1000 - fold liquid of 80% carbendazim ultrafine powder to prevent sclerotinia disease.

[0074] (5) When 2 / 3 of the pods of rapeseed turn yellow - green (early May) and the pods in the middle of the main axis turn loquat - colored, harvest and conduct variety tests.

[0075] Control 1

[0076] Test plot: Conducted in Shigu Village, Guandang Town, Shayang County, Jingmen City, Hubei Province (latitude 30°37′42″N, longitude 112°28′40″E) from 2023 to 2024. It is located in the north - subtropical monsoon climate zone, belonging to a semi - humid area. The annual average temperature is approximately between 15.9℃ and 16.1℃, the frost - free period is 255 days, and the annual average sunshine hours are about 2008 hours. The soil type is yellow - brown soil, and the terrain is hilly and sloping land, belonging to the main rapeseed production area.

[0077] Fertilization method:

[0078] (1) After the previous crop is harvested at the end of September, all crop straws and root stubbles are removed from the field at the beginning of October. The land is leveled by rotary tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Oil - based compound fertilizer is applied at a base rate of 40 kg / mu, calculated as superphosphate, with 5.8 kg / mu of phosphate fertilizer applied; calculated as potassium chloride, 1.3 kg / mu of potassium fertilizer is applied. The plowing depth is 15 cm, and the fertilizers are applied into the soil.

[0079] (2) At the beginning of October (7 days after fertilization), select the rapeseed variety Zhongyouza 19 for seedling raising. When the seedling age reaches 4 - 6 leaves and the seedling height is 8 - 12 cm, it can be transplanted. During transplantation, the plant spacing and row spacing are 20 cm * 40 cm, and the planting density is 8400 plants / mu. Water is irrigated to slow down the seedlings, with water in the furrows and no visible water on the ridge surface.

[0080] (3) Top-dress urea during the seedling stage (mid-February) and the budding stage (early March) of rapeseed. The application rate of urea at the seedling stage is 7.6 kg / mu; the application rate of urea at the budding stage is 7.6 kg / mu.

[0081] (4) Conduct pest and disease prevention and control during the full-bloom stage of rapeseed (from late March to early April), and spray 1000-fold liquid of 80% carbendazim ultrafine powder to prevent sclerotinia rot.

[0082] (5) When 2 / 3 of the pods of rapeseed turn yellowish-green (early May) and the pods in the middle of the main axis turn loquat-colored, conduct harvesting and variety testing.

[0083] Test Example 1

[0084] The fertilization situations of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1.

[0085] Table 1 Rapeseed fertilization situation (kg / mu)

[0086] Treatment Compound fertilizer Phosphate fertilizer Potassium fertilizer Plant - derived fulvic acid Urea at seedling stage Urea at bolting stage Example 1 40 5.8 1.3 30 7.6 7.6 Example 2 36 5.2 1.2 30 6.8 6.8 Example 3 32 4.6 1.0 30 6.1 6.1 Example 4 28 4.1 0.9 30 5.3 5.3 Example 5 24 3.5 0.8 30 4.6 4.6 Comparative Example 1 40 5.8 1.3 0 7.6 7.6

[0087] Statistically analyze the rapeseed yield and harvest situations under the fertilization methods of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Example 1.

[0088] The statistical results of the total rapeseed grain yield are as Figure 4 shown. It can be seen from Figure 4 that compared with Comparative Example 1, the rapeseed yields of Examples 1-3 have all increased, indicating that the application of plant-derived fulvic acid is beneficial to increasing the rapeseed yield; among them, the rapeseed yield of Example 3 is the highest, increasing by 12.9% and 12.8% respectively compared with Comparative Example 1, but the chemical fertilizer application rate is significantly lower than that of Examples 1 and 2. The rapeseed grain yields of Examples 4 and 5 have decreased by 19.07% and 28.32% respectively compared with Comparative Example 1. It can be seen that when the base application of compound fertilizer is 32 kg / mu, phosphate fertilizer is 4.6 kg / mu, potassium fertilizer is 1.0 kg / mu, plant-derived fulvic acid is 30 kg / mu, the plowing depth is 15 cm, top-dress urea during the seedling stage and budding stage of rapeseed, the application rate of urea at the seedling stage is 6.1 kg / mu, and the application rate of urea at the budding stage is 6.1 kg / mu, the improvement of rapeseed grain yield is relatively ideal.

[0089] The statistical results of rapeseed grain yield indicators are shown in Table 2. It can be seen from Table 2 that compared with Comparative Example 1, the difference in the number of pods of rapeseed in Example 3 is not significant; the number of pods of rapeseed in Examples 2, 4, and 5 has decreased significantly, with the reduction rates being 20.87%, 21.5%, and 21.76% respectively; the number of grains per pod in Examples 2 and 3 both shows an increasing trend, but the difference does not reach a significant level; while the number of grains per pod in Examples 4 and 5 has decreased. Generally speaking, the fertilization method in Example 3 has a more obvious improvement in the yield components of rapeseed, namely the number of pods and the number of grains per pod, indicating that the fertilization method in Example 3 realizes the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and the increase of efficiency in rapeseed, and is an ideal fertilization method.

[0090] Table 2 Rapeseed yield components under different fertilization methods

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] The statistical results of rapeseed grain quality are shown in Table 3. It can be seen from Table 3 that compared with Comparative Example 1, there is no significant difference in palmitic acid and crude fat between Examples 1-3, while the crude fat, crude protein, and palmitic acid in Examples 4 and 5 are significantly reduced; the erucic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and crude protein contents in Examples 2 and 3 are significantly increased, while there is no obvious difference in Examples 4 and 5. It can be seen that the fertilization methods in Examples 2 and 3 are more ideal for improving rapeseed quality.

[0094] Table 3 Rapeseed grain quality under different fertilization methods

[0095] Treatment Crude fat (%) Erucic acid (%) Oleic acid (%) Linoleic acid (%) Linolenic acid (%) Crude protein (%) Palmitic acid (%) Comparative Example 1 43.24 3.07 68.53 15.71 7.52 20.49 4.46 Example 1 43.56 3.42 70.70 16.15 8.57 20.81 4.33 Example 2 43.04 4.34 73.54 16.90 10.40 21.95 4.56 Example 3 43.46 4.72 75.61 16.91 9.92 21.44 4.48 Example 4 42.25 3.43 67.68 15.80 7.79 19.86 3.97 Example 5 42.00 3.03 67.76 15.44 7.03 20.12 3.94

[0096] The soil quality after rapeseed harvest is shown in Table 4. It can be seen from Table 4 that Examples 1-3 are superior to Comparative Example 1 in multiple soil property indicators, especially in terms of organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and available phosphorus, and the soil fertility improvement effect is better.

[0097] Table 4 Soil quality after rapeseed harvest under different fertilization methods

[0098]

[0099] The above-described embodiments are only descriptions of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various deformations and improvements made by those of ordinary skill in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fertilization method for improving the quality and efficiency of rapeseed, characterized in that: Before planting rapeseed, compound fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and humic acid are applied and plowed into the soil; after planting rapeseed, seedling fertilizer and bud fertilizer are applied, and the seedling fertilizer and bud fertilizer are both urea; The application amount of the fulvic acid is 25-35 kg / mu.

2. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The period before rapeseed planting is 7-10 days before rapeseed planting.

3. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 32-40 kg / mu, the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in terms of superphosphate is 4.6-5.8 kg / mu, the application amount of the potassium fertilizer in terms of potassium chloride is 1.0-1.3 kg / mu, the application amount of the seedling fertilizer is 6.1-7.6 kg / mu, and the application amount of the bud fertilizer is 6.1-7.6 kg / mu.

4. The fertilization method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 32-36 kg / mu, the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer in terms of superphosphate is 4.6-5.2 kg / mu, the application amount of the potassium fertilizer in terms of potassium chloride is 1.0-1.2 kg / mu, the application amount of the seedling fertilizer is 6.1-6.8 kg / mu, and the application amount of the bud fertilizer is 6.1-6.8 kg / mu.

5. The fertilization method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 32 kg / mu, the application amount of the phosphate fertilizer calculated as superphosphate is 4.6 kg / mu, the application amount of the potassium fertilizer calculated as potassium chloride is 1.0 kg / mu, the application amount of the seedling fertilizer is 6.1 kg / mu, and the application amount of the bud fertilizer is 6.1 kg / mu.

6. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The N-P2O5-K2O nutrient content in the compound fertilizer is 25-7-8.

7. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fulvic acid is plant-derived fulvic acid.

8. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The tillage depth is 13-15 cm.

9. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rapeseed planting method is seedling transplanting; during the transplanting, the seedlings have 4-6 leaves and a seedling height of 8-12 centimeters.

10. The fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the flowering period of rapeseed, spray 1000 times diluted 80% carbendazim superfine powder to prevent sclerotinia disease.

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