A method for grafting and raising seedlings of vitis rotundifolia

Abstract

The application provides a method for grafting Vitis rotundifolia, and belongs to the technical field of asexual reproduction.The application provides application of a rootstock in grafting Vitis rotundifolia, and the rootstock is a Hedera helix seedling, Hedera helix root system or Vitis vinifera 5BB root system.The Hedera helix root system, Vitis vinifera 5BB root system or Hedera helix seedling is used as the rootstock for grafting Vitis rotundifolia, and the Hedera helix root system, Vitis vinifera 5BB root system or Hedera helix seedling (first root system) is used for absorbing water and nutrients, so that the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface of the Vitis rotundifolia cutting are promoted.After the Vitis rotundifolia cutting germinates into a root system (second root system), the growth of the Vitis rotundifolia cutting is promoted better and faster.The method solves the problem of difficult rooting of the Vitis rotundifolia cutting, and has the advantages of fast seedling multiplication speed and high seedling survival rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of asexual reproduction, and in particular relates to a method for raising muscadine grape seedlings by grafting. Background Art

[0002] Muscadine grapes (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.), belonging to the subgenus Muscadine of the genus Vitis in the family Vitaceae, come in a variety of colors, including green, copper, red, and black. Their berries possess a unique aroma and flavor, making them delicious fresh or processed into juice, preserved fruit, jam, and wine. They are nutritious, containing abundant plant secondary metabolites such as resveratrol, quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol, as well as unique natural products such as tannic acid and its derivatives, and 3,5-bioside anthocyanidins, which are not found in other grapes and are beneficial to human health. Muscadine grapes also possess excellent disease resistance, being highly resistant or even immune to various diseases, including downy mildew, black pox, and powdery mildew. However, unlike common grapes of the subgenus Vitis, which have 19 pairs of chromosomes, Muscadine grapes have 20 pairs of chromosomes, making propagation difficult. Cuttings do not root easily, and they are also incompatible with conventional grape rootstocks, making them difficult to graft onto. Generally, the method of high-level layering of large trees is used for propagation and seedling cultivation. However, the speed of high-level layering seedling cultivation is slow and the root system is underdeveloped, which seriously restricts the industrialization and promotion of muscadine grape cultivation. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The invention aims to provide a method for grafting muscadine grapes. The method solves the problem that muscadine grape branches themselves are difficult to root through cuttings, and has a fast seedling propagation speed and a high seedling success rate.

[0004] The invention provides application of a rootstock in muscadine grape grafting. The rootstock is a quinquefolia seedling, a quinquefolia root system or a winter grape 5BB root system.

[0005] The present invention also provides a method for grafting muscadine grapes, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Grafting muscadine cuttings onto rootstocks and planting them in nutrient pots for seedling cultivation; after the grafting sites heal and sprout, transplanting the seedlings into cup seedlings for planting and seedling management; the rootstocks include the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolius, the root system of winter grape 5BB, or Parthenocissus quinquefolius seedlings.

[0007] Preferably, the cultivation medium used for raising seedlings includes sawdust.

[0008] Preferably, during the planting, the rest of the plant except the portion above the grafting point is buried in sawdust.

[0009] Preferably, the daytime temperature of the seedling is 20-30 DEG C; the nighttime temperature of the seedling is 15-20 DEG C; the air humidity of the seedling is 75%-85%; the frequency of watering during the seedling is once every 3-5 days.

[0010] Preferably, the cultivation substrate used for the cup seedling planting includes rice husk charcoal and garden soil; the volume ratio of the rice husk charcoal and the garden soil is 1:1.

[0011] Preferably, during the cup seedling planting, 1-2 nodes of the new branch above the grafting interface are buried in the soil.

[0012] Preferably, the seedling period management includes watering to keep the relative water content of the soil at 70%-85% until the part of the Vitis vinifera L. scion buried in the soil grows the second root system.

[0013] Preferably, when the Vitis vinifera L. plant grows to 30 cm, a stick or a hanging rope is used to bind the plant.

[0014] Preferably, the nutrient pot is a non-woven fabric seedling pot; the cup seedling planting after the seedling transplanting includes transplanting the seedling together with the non-woven fabric nutrient pot and then performing the cup seedling planting.

[0015] The application provides the application of a rootstock in Vitis vinifera L. grafting, and the rootstock is a Vitis pentandra seedling, a Vitis pentandra root system or a Vitis vinifera 5BB root system. The Vitis pentandra root system, the Vitis vinifera 5BB root system or the Vitis pentandra seedling is used as the rootstock for Vitis vinifera L. grafting, and the Vitis pentandra root system, the Vitis vinifera 5BB root system or the Vitis pentandra seedling (the first root system) is used to absorb water and nutrients, so that the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface of the Vitis vinifera L. cutting are promoted. After the Vitis vinifera L. cutting itself germinates into a root system (the second root system), the growth of the Vitis vinifera L. cutting is promoted better and faster. The root system (the first root system) of the grafting rootstock is used to absorb water and nutrients, so that the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface are promoted, and the root system (the second root system) germinated by the Vitis vinifera L. itself promotes the growth of the Vitis vinifera L. better and faster. The Vitis vinifera L. is cultured through the double-root system, so that the problem of the difficulty of the Vitis vinifera L. itself in rooting is solved, the seedling speed is fast, and the seedling rate is high. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained from these drawings without any creative labor.

[0017] Figure 1 The figure is a diagram of the Vitis pentandra seedling as the rootstock for grafting;

[0018] Figure 2For the winter grape 5BB root system grafting map;

[0019] Figure 3 For the second root system map of round leaf grape;

[0020] Figure 4 For the seedling stage management map. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The application provides application of a rootstock in round leaf grape grafting, and the rootstock is a five-leaf Chinese sumac seedling, a five-leaf Chinese sumac root system or a winter grape 5BB root system.

[0022] The application uses the five-leaf Chinese sumac root system, the winter grape 5BB root system or the five-leaf Chinese sumac (the first root system) to absorb water and nutrients, so that the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface of the round leaf grape cutting are promoted. After the round leaf grape cutting itself germinates into a root system (the second root system), the growth of the round leaf grape cutting is promoted. In the application, the root system (the first root system) of the grafting rootstock is used to absorb water and nutrients, so that the healing, germination and growth of the grafting interface are promoted, and the root system (the second root system) of the round leaf grape itself is used to promote the better and faster growth of the round leaf grape. The application uses the double-root system to solve the problem of difficult rooting of the round leaf grape cutting, and the seedling speed is fast and the seedling rate is high.

[0023] In the embodiment of the application, the five-leaf Chinese sumac belongs to the genus of Rhus in the grape family, and the winter grape 5BB belongs to the genus of Vitis; the five-leaf Chinese sumac seedling is a five-leaf Chinese sumac cutting seedling; the five-leaf Chinese sumac root system and / or the winter grape 5BB root system is a main root; the thickness of the five-leaf Chinese sumac root system and / or the winter grape 5BB root system is 0.3-0.4 cm.

[0024] In the embodiment of the application, the collection period of the five-leaf Chinese sumac seedling and / or the winter grape 5BB root system is the dormant period, and the time is from December to the next January.

[0025] The application further provides a round leaf grape grafting method, which comprises the following steps:

[0026] The round leaf grape cutting is grafted onto the rootstock, and is planted in a nutrient pot for seedling; after the grafting interface heals and germinates, the seedling is transplanted into a cup seedling for planting, and seedling stage management is performed; and the rootstock comprises a five-leaf Chinese sumac root system, a winter grape 5BB root system or a five-leaf Chinese sumac seedling.

[0027] The round leaf grape cutting is first grafted onto the rootstock, and is planted in a nutrient pot for seedling; and the rootstock comprises a five-leaf Chinese sumac root system, a winter grape 5BB root system or a five-leaf Chinese sumac seedling.

[0028] In the implementation of the present application, the grapevine cuttings are cut from the healthy and disease-free branches of the Vitis rotundifolia plants; the branches are collected in winter when the grapevine is in dormancy; each grapevine cutting contains 10-12 bud eyes; and the grapevine cuttings are stored in a low-temperature preservation refrigerator at 4℃.

[0029] In the implementation of the present application, the grafting includes wedge grafting; the depth of the wedge grafting is 1-2 cm, preferably 1.5 cm; the nutrient pot is a non-woven fabric nutrient pot; the non-woven fabric nutrient pot is a 10 cm non-woven fabric nutrient pot, which is very thin and can be penetrated by the roots without damaging the roots and without a hardening-off period; the seedling raising is performed in a greenhouse; the cultivation substrate used in the seedling raising includes sawdust; the sawdust is pine sawdust obtained by crushing pine branches; during the planting, all parts except the part above the grafting interface are buried in the sawdust; the daytime temperature during the seedling raising is 20-30℃, preferably 25℃; the nighttime temperature during the seedling raising is 15-20℃, preferably 18℃; the air humidity during the seedling raising is 75%-85%, preferably 80%; and the frequency of watering during the seedling raising is once every 3-5 days.

[0030] When the grafting interface heals and sprouts, the present application transplants the seedlings into cups for planting and performs seedling period management.

[0031] In the implementation of the present application, the transplanting of the seedlings into cups for planting includes transplanting the seedlings together with the non-woven fabric nutrient pots into cups for planting; the time of the transplanting is the 3-4 leaf stage; the cups for planting are performed using nutrient pots; the nutrient pots are 30 cm large nutrient pots; the cultivation substrate used in the cups for planting includes rice husk charcoal and garden soil; the volume ratio of the rice husk charcoal to the garden soil is 1:1; during the cups for planting, the above non-woven fabric nutrient pot seedlings are directly planted into the large nutrient pots, and the newly sprouted branches above the grafting interface are also buried in the soil for 1-2 nodes.

[0032] After the cups for planting, the present application performs seedling period management.

[0033] In the implementation of the present application, the seedling period management includes, in sequence, watering to keep the relative water content of the soil at 70%-85% until the 1-node long of the Vitis rotundifolia scion buried in the soil sprouts a second root system. The root system of the Acalypha japonica is relatively thin, and the root system can only shallowly root in the soil, which promotes the Vitis rotundifolia to sprout a second root system, the root system can penetrate deep into the soil, the seedling grows fast and thick, and the seedling height is 35 cm or more higher than that without the promotion of the second root system at 150 days, which also provides a guarantee for the growth and fruiting of the Vitis rotundifolia in the later period.

[0034] In the implementation of the present application, when the Vitis rotundifolia plant grows to 30 cm, the plant is tied with a stick or a hanging rope due to the thin and easy-falling Vitis rotundifolia branches.

[0035] In order to further illustrate the present application, a method for grafting Vitis rotundifolia provided by the present application is described in detail below in combination with the accompanying drawings and examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] A method for grafting Vitis rotundifolia, comprising the following steps:

[0038] (1) Selecting scion: select healthy and disease-free Vitis rotundifolia branches in winter, and cut the branches into cuttings containing 10-12 bud eyes, and store them at 4℃ for low-temperature preservation and refrigeration;

[0039] (2) Selecting rootstock: select Vitis rotundifolia cuttings of Vitis rotundifolia in January-March as rootstock, and use Vitis rotundifolia stored at low temperature as scion (1 bud per seedling), and graft them by wedge grafting with a grafting depth of 1.5 cm. Figure 1

[0040] (3) Nutrient pot seedling: plant the grafted seedlings in 10 cm non-woven nutrient pots, use pine sawdust as the cultivation substrate, bury the rest of the seedlings in the sawdust except the part above the grafting interface, maintain the daytime shed temperature at about 25℃ and the nighttime shed temperature at about 18℃, maintain the air humidity at 80%, water once every 3-5 days, and wait for the grafting interface to heal and germinate.

[0041] (4) Cup seedling transplanting: at the 3-4 leaf stage, select 30 cm large nutrient pots for cup seedling planting, use a mixture of rice husk charcoal and garden soil as the planting soil, the volume ratio of rice husk charcoal to garden soil is 1:1, directly plant the above non-woven nutrient pot seedlings into the large nutrient pot, and also bury the newly grown branches above the soil grafting interface into the soil by 1 node.

[0042] (5) Seedling stage management 1: water once every 7 days to keep the soil moist, water thoroughly, and maintain the soil relative water content at 70%-85%, the soil is high in humidity and good in ventilation, until the Vitis rotundifolia scion buried in the soil grows 1 node, i.e., the second root system (see Figure 3 ).

[0043] (6) Seedling stage management 2: the Vitis rotundifolia branches are thin and easy to fall over, so insert a stick or tie a rope for binding in time when the branches grow to 30 cm (see Figure 4 ).

[0044] Example 2

[0045] Except that the rootstock in step (2) is Vitis rotundifolia 5BB root system ( Figure 2 ), the rest is the same as example 1.

[0046] Comparative example 1

[0047] Hardwood cutting.

[0048] ​Winter collection of Vitis vinifera L. branches, cut into 2-3 bud stem section sand storage, the next year in March for cutting. Refer to the Zhejiang Province grape seedling breeding technical specification, see

Qian Dongnan, Wu Jiang, Lingjuan Ji, et al. Zhejiang Province grape seedling breeding technical specification [J]. Chinese and foreign grape and grape wine, 2015, (05): 28-31

[0049] Comparative example 2

[0050] High altitude layering propagation, a branch 6-10 buds, forming a seedling. Refer to the grape high altitude layering technology, see

Wang Fengrong, Li Dianxun. Grape high altitude layering technology [J]. Jilin agriculture, 2004, (07): 20

[0051] Test example 1

[0052] The cultivation results of example 1 and 2, comparative example 1 and 2 are shown in table 1. As can be seen from table 1, the method of the present application solves the problem of commercial breeding of Vitis vinifera seedlings by grafting, with high rooting rate, fast seedling speed and seedling rate of more than 60%.

[0053] Table 1 comparison of different Vitis vinifera seedling breeding methods

[0054]

[0055] Comparative example 3

[0056] Select 5BB, Baida seedling as rootstock grafting Vitis vinifera, due to poor affinity between scion and rootstock, grafting interface is difficult to heal, grafting 5BB, Baida seedling rate is less than 10%.

[0057] Although the above examples make a detailed description of the present application, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments, people can also obtain other embodiments according to the present embodiment without creativity, these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for grafting muscadine grapes, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Graft the muscadine grape cuttings onto the rootstock and plant them in a nutrient pot for seedling cultivation; when the grafting site heals and sprouts, transplant the seedlings into cups for planting and carry out seedling management; The rootstock includes the root system of Parthenocissus quinquefolia or Parthenocissus quinquefolia seedlings; The cultivation medium used in the seedling cultivation includes sawdust; During the planting, except for the portion above the grafting point, the rest is buried in sawdust; The daytime temperature of the seedling cultivation is 20-30°C; the nighttime temperature of the seedling cultivation is 15-20°C; the air humidity of the seedling cultivation is 75%-85%; the frequency of watering during the seedling cultivation process is once every 3-5 days; The cultivation medium used for the cup seedling planting includes rice husk charcoal and garden soil; the volume ratio of the rice husk charcoal to the garden soil is 1:1; When the cup seedlings are planted, 1 to 2 sections of the newly grown branches above the grafting point are buried in the soil; The seedling management includes watering to maintain the relative moisture content of the soil at 70% to 85% until the portion of the muscadine grape scion buried in the soil grows a second root system.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that When the muscadine grape plants grow to 30 cm, insert poles or tie the plants with ropes.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The nutrient pot is a non-woven seedling pot; the step of transplanting the seedlings into cup seedlings includes transplanting the seedlings together with the non-woven nutrient pot and then transplanting the seedlings into the cup seedlings.

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