Bag-free oxygen-enriched directional fruiting cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms

Abstract

The invention discloses a mushroom bag-free oxygen-enriched directional fruiting cultivation method which comprises the following steps: S1, compost with mushroom strains is placed in an oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle, the periphery of the compost with the mushroom strains is attached to the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle, and a sealing device is arranged at the top end of the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle; an air cavity is formed between the upper surface of the culture material with the shiitake mushroom strains and the sealing device, the culture material temperature of the culture material with the shiitake mushroom strains is 22-28 DEG C, the culture humidity is 60-70%, the culture oxygen concentration is 15-23%, and the culture time is 7-14 days; s2, performing low-temperature stimulation fruiting treatment on the culture material with the shiitake mushroom strains in the S1, controlling the oxygen concentration to be 15-23% after mushroom buds appear, and performing unified harvesting after sporocarp maturity. On the basis of the oxygen-enriched culture material and in combination with the technical characteristics of an air cavity, formation of the shiitake mushroom sporocarp can be directionally controlled, and the yield of the shiitake mushroom sporocarp is improved; the problem of 360-degree fruiting of traditional bag-cultivated mushrooms is solved, and the utilization rate of mushroom production space is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and specifically relates to a cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms without outer bags and cultivation in an oxygen-rich environment to improve production efficiency and achieve directional fruiting of shiitake mushrooms. Background Art

[0002] Shiitake mushrooms are known as the "national mushrooms" in China. They have the highest output, the largest output value, and the widest production areas in the edible mushroom industry. However, the process of its standardized production and intelligent factoryization is slow, and a stable and mature factoryized production model has not been formed. Problems such as the long production cycle, large floor area, and low utilization rate of production space of shiitake mushrooms seriously restrict the development and innovation of the factoryized production model. Therefore, solving the long production cycle of shiitake mushrooms and improving the utilization rate of production space are the core of solving the factoryized production of shiitake mushrooms.

[0003] Traditional shiitake mushroom cultivation techniques include log cultivation and bag cultivation. During log cultivation, there is the "startling mushroom technique" of knocking on the wooden stick to stimulate fruiting. During bag cultivation, punching holes to increase oxygen is also an essential step. The above measures are all for increasing oxygen for the mycelium in the mushroom stick. The single oxygen-increasing link will not only damage the mycelium but also cannot completely solve the problem of hypoxia of the mycelium. Therefore, the present invention proposes a bagless oxygen-rich cultivation technique, that is, breaking the bondage of the mushroom bag and allowing the mycelium to grow and develop under oxygen-rich conditions and fruit directionally. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a directional fruiting cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms in a bagless situation, which is in an oxygen-rich mode from the inoculation to the fruiting stage. The inoculation is in the mode of a mixed mushroom strain cultivation material for shiitake mushrooms, and an appropriate oxygen concentration is supplemented during the mycelium cultivation stage. During the fruiting stage, an air cavity is used to induce oxygen-rich directional fruiting of shiitake mushrooms.

[0005] A bagless oxygen-rich directional fruiting cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms includes the following steps: S1: A cultivation material with shiitake mushroom strains is placed in an oxygen-rich cultivation box / bottle. The periphery of the cultivation material with shiitake mushroom strains is attached to the oxygen-rich cultivation box / bottle. A sealing device is provided at the top of the oxygen-rich cultivation box / bottle. An air cavity is provided between the upper surface of the cultivation material with shiitake mushroom strains and the sealing device. The cultivation temperature of the cultivation material with shiitake mushroom strains is 22°C to 28°C, the cultivation humidity is 60 - 70%, the cultivation oxygen concentration is between 15% and 23%, and the cultivation time is 7 - 14 days; S2: Perform low-temperature stimulation for fruiting treatment on the cultivation material with shiitake mushroom strains in S1. After mushroom buds appear, control the oxygen concentration between 15% and 23%. Wait until the fruiting bodies are mature and then conduct unified harvesting.

[0006] Furthermore, the cultivation material with shiitake mushroom strains is composed of a cultivation material and shiitake mushroom strains. Among them, the cultivation material is composed of raw materials with the following masses: Wood chips 0% - 78%, wheat bran 10% - 20%, corncob 0% - 50%, cottonseed hull 0% - 50%, gypsum 1% and sugar 1%.

[0007] Furthermore, the quality of the Lentinula edodes spawn is 20% - 50% of the quality of the culture medium.

[0008] Furthermore, the specific method for placing the culture medium with Lentinula edodes spawn in the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle is as follows: Weigh the raw materials of the culture medium and mix them in a bacterial material processor, sterilize at 121°C under high pressure for 120 minutes, and sterilize at 95 - 105°C under normal pressure for 4 - 8 hours; After the raw materials of the culture medium are naturally cooled to room temperature, add 15% of the Lentinula edodes spawn for culturing the culture medium, stir and mix evenly, and then carry out mycelium cultivation; Transfer the cultivated mycelium out and sub-pack it into the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle, and control the sub-packing density at 0.3 - 0.5 g / cm 3 .

[0009] Furthermore, the specific method for placing the culture medium with Lentinula edodes spawn in the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle is as follows: Weigh the raw materials of the culture medium and mix them in the oxygen-enriched fruiting bottle / box, sterilize at 121°C under high pressure for 120 minutes, and sterilize at 95 - 105°C under normal pressure for 4 - 8 hours; After the raw materials of the culture medium are naturally cooled to room temperature, introduce 5% of the Lentinula edodes spawn for culturing the culture medium, and carry out mycelium cultivation.

[0010] Furthermore, the height of the air cavity is 3 - 5 cm of vertical space.

[0011] Furthermore, the sealing device of the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle is a breathable material.

[0012] Furthermore, the breathable material is a mushroom cap with a breathable film or a plastic film containing an oxygen permeability rate.

[0013] Furthermore, the temperature for stimulating fruiting cultivation is 12 - 18°C; the humidity is above 90%.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0015] The present invention provides two methods for preparing oxygen-enriched cultivation materials. Combining with the oxygen-enriched cultivation mode, the original spawn-running time in bag cultivation is increased from 30 days to 14 days; an air cavity is set to increase the oxygen concentration during the fruiting period, and the mycelium after-ripening time in the original bag cultivation mode is increased from 70 days to 15 days, significantly improving the fruiting rate; and it can achieve the effect of directional fruiting; Based on the oxygen-rich cultivation material of the present invention and combined with the technical features of the air cavity, it is possible to directionally control the formation of Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies, solve the problem of 360° whole-body fruiting of traditional bag-cultivated Lentinula edodes, improve the utilization rate of the production space of Lentinula edodes, and experiments have proved that the cultivation method in the present invention can reduce the production cycle of Lentinula edodes from 140 days to as fast as 25 days at the fastest; using recyclable and degradable mushroom bottles / mushroom boxes reduces the environmental protection pressure of agricultural production; at the same time, the cultivation method in the present invention is simple and easy to operate, the Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies have directionality, and it is more suitable for mechanized unified harvesting and factory cultivation production. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments.

[0017] Figure 1 It is a fruiting diagram of the bagless oxygen-rich cultivation mode of Lentinula edodes in Example 1; Figure 2 It is a fruiting diagram of the bagless oxygen-rich cultivation mode of Lentinula edodes in Example 2; Figure 3 It is a fruiting diagram of the conventional bag-cultivation mode of Lentinula edodes in the comparative example. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0018] Example 1 of the present invention: Sterilize the culture material in a culture material processor to obtain sterilized culture material; Inoculate the Lentinula edodes strain (both solid and liquid are acceptable) into the sterilized culture material, and start the mycelium growth in a sterile environment. The sterilization temperature is preferably 121°C under high pressure for 120 minutes, or 95 - 105°C under normal pressure for 4 - 8 hours; After obtaining the sterilized culture material, cool the sterilized culture material to room temperature, inoculate the Lentinula edodes strain into the cooled culture material, and mix the culture material and the Lentinula edodes strain evenly. The compactness of the oxygen-rich cultivation material of Lentinula edodes in the oxygen-rich fruiting box / bottle is 0.3 - 0.5 g / cm 3 ; Conduct mycelium cultivation in a sterile environment, introduce clean oxygen into the mycelium growth device, ensure that the oxygen concentration in the tank is not less than 20%, the temperature for mycelium cultivation is 25°C, the cultivation humidity is 60 - 70%, and the time is preferably 7 - 14 days. The oxygen concentration is the core factor to promote the rapid growth of mycelium.

[0019] The preparation process of the oxygen-enriched cultivation material is preferably carried out in a bacterial material processor, which is more convenient for combining sterilization, stirring and spawn running. At the same time, the preparation efficiency of the oxygen-enriched cultivation material is improved. The present invention has no special limitation on the model and source of the bacterial material processor, and a conventional bacterial material processor in the field can be used. For example, in the embodiments of the present invention, the invention patent CN206970488U of this research team, an edible mushroom fermentation device, is used, as long as it can provide a stable and clean oxygen environment.

[0020] Sterilization, stirring and oxygen enrichment in the preparation method of the oxygen-enriched cultivation material for Lentinula edodes can ensure the germination of the strains and the rapid growth of the mycelium, improve the growth rate of the mycelium, are not easily contaminated, and the mycelium has strong resistance to miscellaneous bacteria and stress.

[0021] Example 2 of the present invention: After mixing the culture material evenly, it is quantitatively packed into an oxygen-enriched fruiting bottle / box for sterilization to obtain the sterilized culture material. The sterilization temperature is 121 °C under high pressure for 120 min, or 95-105 °C under normal pressure for 4-8 h; after obtaining the sterilized culture material, the sterilized culture material is naturally cooled to room temperature; Inoculate the Lentinula edodes strains (both solid and liquid are acceptable) into the sterilized culture material. The compactness of the oxygen-enriched cultivation material for Lentinula edodes in the oxygen-enriched fruiting box / bottle is 0.3-0.5 g / cm 3 ; Seal the oxygen-enriched fruiting bottle / box to obtain the packaged oxygen-enriched cultivation material. The oxygen-enriched fruiting bottle / box is provided with an air cavity with a height of 3-5 cm to ensure spawn running starts in a sterile environment. According to the oxygen permeability of the sealing material of the oxygen-enriched fruiting device, open and close the seal to adjust the oxygen concentration. The oxygen concentration in the air cavity is maintained at 20%, with an error of ±3%. The temperature for mycelium cultivation is 25 °C, with an error of ±3 °C, the cultivation humidity is 60-70%, and the time is 25-60 d. The preparation method of the present invention can enable the mycelium of the Lentinula edodes strains to quickly cover the culture material. The oxygen concentration is the core factor promoting the rapid growth of the mycelium.

[0022] After obtaining the packaged oxygen-enriched cultivation material, the present invention carries out mycelium rejuvenation cultivation on the packaged oxygen-enriched cultivation material to obtain the oxygen-enriched cultivation material after rejuvenation cultivation. The mycelium rejuvenation cultivation of the present invention is preferably static cultivation. The temperature of the mycelium rejuvenation cultivation is preferably 25 °C, with an error of ±3 °C; the humidity is preferably 60-70%, more preferably 65%. The whole process of the mycelium rejuvenation cultivation of the present invention is preferably carried out under light-shielding cultivation. The oxygen concentration is preferably maintained at 20% throughout the mycelium rejuvenation cultivation process, with an error of ±3%. According to the oxygen permeability of the sealing material of the oxygen-enriched fruiting device, open and close the seal to adjust the oxygen concentration.

[0023] After stimulating fruiting cultivation, the oxygen-enriched cultivation material of Lentinula edodes after stimulating fruiting is subjected to fruiting management. The specific parameters of fruiting management are not particularly limited, and conventional fruiting management in the art can be followed. The oxygen concentration is maintained at 20% throughout the process of directional fruiting, with an error of ±3%. According to the oxygen permeability of the sealing material of the oxygen-enriched fruiting device, the seal is opened and closed to adjust the oxygen concentration.

[0024] Based on the oxygen-enriched cultivation material of Lentinula edodes described in the present invention and combined with the technical features of the air cavity, the formation of Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies can be directionally controlled, solving the problem of 360° whole-body fruiting of traditional bag-cultivated Lentinula edodes, improving the utilization rate of the Lentinula edodes production space. And experiments have proved that the cultivation method of the present invention can reduce the Lentinula edodes production cycle from 140 days to 25 days at the fastest; using reusable and degradable mushroom bottles / mushroom boxes reduces the environmental protection pressure of agricultural production; at the same time, the cultivation method of the present invention is simple and easy to operate, and the Lentinula edodes fruiting bodies have directionality, which is more suitable for mechanized unified harvesting and factory cultivation production.

[0025] The comparative example of the present invention: Conventional Lentinula edodes cultivation method, the steps are as follows: 1) Prepare the culture medium: by mass percentage, it consists of 78% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 1% sugar and 1% gypsum; 2) Bagging: Put the prepared cultivation material into a 15×55 polyethylene transparent mushroom bag; 3) Sterilization: Place the mushroom bag in a high-temperature sterilization device for high-temperature sterilization; 4) Inoculation: After the mushroom bag cools to room temperature, punch 3 - 4 holes at fixed positions for inoculation; 5) Mycelium cultivation: After inoculation, place the mushroom stick in a clean room at 20 - 25°C and humidity of 60 - 70% for mycelium cultivation for 15 - 30 days; 6) Ventilation: When the mycelium diameter is 10 - 12 cm after inoculation, prick small holes in the mycelium growth circle to increase oxygen; 7) Mycelium cultivation: Continue mycelium cultivation under the same conditions for 30 days after ventilation; 8) Large ventilation: Prick holes evenly on the surface of the mushroom bag, with a total of 80 holes per bag; 9) Mycelium cultivation: Continue mycelium cultivation under the same conditions for 30 days after pricking holes; 10) Stimulate fruiting: Lower the temperature of the fruiting room to 10 - 15°C, create a temperature difference of 10 - 15°C with that in step 5), and the humidity is above 85% to stimulate Lentinula edodes fruiting for 2 - 3 days, and then restore the fruiting cultivation conditions; 11) Remove the bag: After stimulating fruiting, when mushroom buds appear, immediately remove the bag, otherwise deformed mushrooms are likely to appear.

[0026] 12) Harvest: Harvest according to the fruiting sites, and mechanical fixed-point harvesting cannot be carried out.

Claims

1. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: A culture medium containing shiitake mushroom spawn is placed in an oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle, the culture medium containing shiitake mushroom spawn is attached to the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle on all sides, a sealing device is provided on the top of the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle, an air cavity is provided between the upper surface of the culture medium containing shiitake mushroom spawn and the sealing device, the culture medium temperature of the culture medium containing shiitake mushroom spawn is 22°C~28°C, the culture humidity is 60~70%, the culture oxygen concentration is between 15%~23%, and the culture time is 7-14 days; S2: The culture medium containing Lentinus edodes fungi in S1 is subjected to low temperature stimulation for mushroom production. After the mushroom buds appear, the oxygen concentration is controlled between 15% and 23%. When the fruiting bodies mature, they are harvested uniformly.

2. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The culture medium with shiitake mushroom spawn is composed of the culture medium and shiitake mushroom spawn, wherein the culture medium is composed of the following raw materials of quality: Sawdust 0%~78%, wheat bran 10%~20%, corn cobs 0%~50%, cottonseed hulls 0%~50%, gypsum 1% and sugar 1%.

3. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The quality of shiitake mushroom spawn is 20%-50% of the quality of culture medium.

4. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific method of placing the culture medium with mushroom strains in the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle is as follows: weigh the culture medium raw materials and mix them in the culture medium processor, sterilize them at high pressure at 121°C for 120 minutes, and sterilize them at normal pressure at 95~105°C for 4~8 hours; After the culture medium raw material is naturally cooled to room temperature, 15% of the shiitake mushroom strains are added to the culture medium raw material, and the mixture is stirred and mixed before mycelium culture is performed; The cultured mycelium is removed and packaged into oxygen-rich cultivation boxes / bottles, and the packaging density is controlled at 0.3-0.5g / cm 3 .

5. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific method of placing the culture medium containing shiitake mushroom strains in the oxygen-enriched culture box / bottle is as follows: Weigh the culture medium and mix them in the oxygen-enriched mushroom bottle / box, sterilize at 121℃ for 120min, or at 95~105℃ for 4~8h; After the culture medium raw materials are naturally cooled to room temperature, 5% of shiitake mushroom strains are introduced into the culture medium raw materials to carry out mycelium culture.

6. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The height of the air cavity is 3-5 cm vertical space.

7. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealing device of the oxygen-enriched cultivation box / bottle is a breathable material.

8. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The breathable material is a cap with a breathable membrane or a plastic film with an oxygen permeability.

9. A bagless oxygen-enriched directional mushroom cultivation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The temperature for stimulating mushroom cultivation is 12-18℃; the humidity is above 90%.

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