A kind of mushroom material for cultivating gastrodia elata and cultivation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata cultivation, and particularly to a mushroom material and a cultivation method for gastrodia elata cultivation. The mushroom material provided by the present invention contains a plant that inhibits pathogens that cause gastrodia elata tuber rot. The mushroom material provided by the present invention comprises, by mass percentage, 58% sawdust, 30% cottonseed hulls, 10% maytonii stems, 1% gypsum powder, 0.5% KH2PO4, and 0.5% MgSO4. The mushroom material provided by the present invention contains the plant maytonii stem that inhibits pathogens that cause gastrodia elata tuber rot. The ethanol extract of the maytonii stem can effectively inhibit the pathogen Verticillium nigra that causes gastrodia elata tuber rot. In addition, the ethanol extract of the maytonii stem has no obvious inhibitory effect on Armillaria mellea, which ensures that the gastrodia elata-Arillaria mellea symbiotic system is not disturbed. When the mushroom material is used in combination with a method of spraying the ethanol extract of the maytonii stem as a fungicide, a field experiment shows a control effect of 76.85%, which is of great value for ensuring the sustainable development of the gastrodia elata industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of gastrodia elata cultivation, in particular to a fungus material and a cultivation method for gastrodia elata cultivation. The fungus material provided by the invention contains plants that inhibit pathogenic bacteria that cause gastrodia elata tuber rot. Background Art

[0002] Gastrodia elata Blume is a heterotrophic perennial herb whose seeds live in symbiosis with the germination fungus Mycena osmundicola and whose growth depends on the nutrition provided by the honey fungus Armillaria mellea.

[0003] On the one hand, the pathogens of Gastrodia elata infect the fungus wood, compete with Armillaria mellea for nutrients, slow down the growth of Armillaria mellea, disrupt the nutritional balance between Gastrodia elata and Armillaria mellea, and reduce the yield of Gastrodia elata; on the other hand, the pathogens directly infect the tubers of Gastrodia elata, causing the tubers to rot. There have been many studies on symptom investigation and pathogen identification, reporting a variety of pathogens that cause tuber rot, such as Fusarium oxysporum ( F. oxysporum Schecht )、Trichoderma viride( Trichodennaviride Persexfr )、White Ringed Rust Umbrella( Pholioiapraecoi Persexfr) 、Verrucospora ( Mycogoneperniciosa Magn. )、Botrytis cinerea( Botrytis cine⁃rea Pers.ex Fr. ), fungi of the genus Trichoderma ( I. cyclaminicola ), etc., some studies have shown (Su Jianyun, Tang Jingying, Dong Xian, et al. Identification of the pathogen of Gastrodia tuber rot and determination of its pathogenicity [J]. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, 2023, 53 (06): 1241-1245.), the isolation and identification of rotten black Gastrodia elata collected from many Gastrodia elata planting bases in Yunnan Province showed that the main pathogen of Gastrodia elata tuber rot in Yunnan Province was Verticillium albo-atrum, which caused the browning and necrosis of the vascular bundles of Gastrodia elata, thereby leading to the rot of Gastrodia elata tubers. In existing studies, there are more reports on the prevention and control of pathogens such as Fusarium oxysporum and Trichoderma viride, but there are few reports on the prevention and control of Verticillium albo-atrum.

[0004] Gastrodia tuber rot is a serious disease of Gastrodia elata. Its pathogens are complex and diverse, not only inhibiting the growth of Armillaria mellea but also causing tuber rot. Traditional control methods, such as the use of chemical fungicides such as carbendazim and azoxystrobin, are prone to drug resistance and are detrimental to the high-quality, green development of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Botanical fungicides, as a new type of pesticide, are gradually replacing existing chemical pesticides due to their high quality, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, and environmental safety, becoming a research hotspot in recent years for plant disease control. Conventional fungicides simply screen for pathogens for their antibacterial properties. However, Gastrodia elata has a unique cultivation pattern and relies on Armillaria mellea for nutrition. Chemical fungicides may kill or inhibit Armillaria mellea, preventing Gastrodia elata from obtaining sufficient nutrients from Armillaria mellea, thereby affecting its growth and yield. The present invention aims to screen for botanical fungicides that are safe against Armillaria mellea and highly effective in inhibiting Verticillium niger. These fungicides can be used for field control of Gastrodia elata diseases, providing more environmentally friendly and sustainable technical support for the long-term cultivation of Gastrodia elata. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a fungus material and a cultivation method for Gastrodia elata cultivation to solve the problems existing in the background. To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The invention provides a fungus material for cultivating gastrodia elata. The components are composed, by mass percentage, of 58% sawdust, 30% cottonseed hulls, 10% maydensia stems, 1% gypsum powder, 0.5% KH2PO4 and 0.5% MgSO4.

[0007] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for preparing the mushroom material, comprising taking the corresponding mass of each component according to a proportion, dissolving gypsum powder, KH2PO4 and MgSO4 in water, and adding the mixture to a mixture of sawdust, cottonseed hulls and maydensia stems, adding water, and mixing evenly so that the moisture content of the mixture is 60% to 65%. After fermentation for 3 days in a pile, the mixture is bagged, sterilized, cooled, and inoculated with a secondary strain of Armillaria mellea to prepare a medicinal mushroom material, which is then cultured for 3 to 4 months before use.

[0008] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for cultivating Gastrodia elata, comprising the following steps:

[0009] (1) Prepare medicinal mushroom materials according to the preparation method;

[0010] (2) Select a site, prepare the planting pond, dry it in the sun, and spray a 35g / L ethanol extract solution of the stem of Maydensia serrata. Five days after spraying, lay the medicinal mushroom material and the natural mushroom material crosswise in the planting pond with a spacing of 3cm, and fill the gap with new soil;

[0011] (3) Prepare the hemp seedlings and plant them next to the medicinal mushrooms. After the hemp seedlings are placed, fill the gaps with new soil, cover the pond, and carry out routine management. Spray the hemp seedlings with a 35g / L ethanol extract solution of the stems of the Chinese ginseng tree once every three months. Apply it three times during the entire planting cycle. Gastrodia elata should be harvested from the end of November to December of the planting year.

[0012] Furthermore, the natural fungus material is a species of Quercus in the Fagaceae family.

[0013] Furthermore, the Fagaceae tree species include Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Quercus variabilis or Quercus acutissima.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation process of the ethanol extract of the stem of Maydensonia truncatum is as follows: taking a dried stem sample of Maydensonia truncatum, crushing it and filtering it with a 40-mesh sieve, collecting the powder, weighing the dry powder in a container at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w / v), adding 90% ethanol solution, fixing the container in an ultrasonic cleaner, performing ultrasonic extraction, centrifugation, filtering, and rotary evaporation to concentrate to obtain the ethanol extract of the stem of Maydensonia truncatum.

[0015] Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of an ethanol extract of the stem of Maytansonia truncatum or an ethanol extract of the fruit of Ilex pubescens in inhibiting Verticillium albo-atrum.

[0016] Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of an ethanol extract of the stem of Maydanum or an ethanol extract of the fruit of Ilex pubescens in preventing and treating Gastrodia elata tuber rot.

[0017] Furthermore, the present invention provides the use of an ethanol extract of the stem of Maydanum or an ethanol extract of the fruit of Ilex pubescens in the preparation of an agent for preventing and controlling gastrodia tuber rot.

[0018] Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for preventing and controlling Gastrodia elata tuber rot disease, which comprises applying a preparation containing an ethanol extract of the stem of Maydanum or an ethanol extract of the fruit of Ilex pubescens to the site where the disease occurs.

[0019] The technical effects achieved by the present invention are:

[0020] The present invention has shown through indoor safety screening tests that the ethanol extracts of the stems of the woody plant and the fruits of the Ilex pubescens do not destroy the symbiotic system of the Gastrodia elata and the Armillaria mellea. Indoor protective efficacy tests against Verticillium albo-atrum, the main pathogen causing Gastrodia elata diseases, show that the ethanol extracts of the stems of the woody plant and the fruits of the Ilex pubescens have excellent control performance against Verticillium albo-atrum. When the drug concentration is 20 mg / mL, the antibacterial rate of the ethanol extract of the fruits of the Ilex pubescens is as high as 90.36%, and its EC 50 The value was 7.67 mg / mL; the antibacterial rate of the ethanol extract of the stem of Maydanum was 89.32%, EC 50The value was 8.53 mg / mL; in the field experiment, the medicinal fungus material containing the addition of ethanol extract of Maydensia stem and ethanol extract of Ilex pubescens fruit, combined with the spraying of corresponding plant-derived fungicides, significantly reduced the incidence of Gastrodia tuber rot. The method of adding 10% Maydensia stem to the fungus material and spraying Maydensia stem ethanol extract fungicide, achieved a control effect of 76.85%. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further described below by way of examples. It should be emphasized that these examples are merely examples for illustrating the principles and effects of the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention. In the following examples, the experimental methods mentioned are, unless otherwise specified, conventional methods commonly used in the art. Similarly, the materials, reagents, etc. used in the examples, unless otherwise specified, can be obtained through conventional commercial channels.

[0022] Example 1 Extraction of active ingredients from test plant materials

[0023] 1. Plant materials

[0024] The plant list and collection parts are shown in Table 1.

[0025] Table 1 Information of test plants

[0026] Serial number Species name Latin name family plant tissue 1 Maydenwood Maytenus hookeri Loes Euonymus genus stem 2 Maydenwood Maytenus hookeri Loes Euonymus genus leaf 3 Maydenwood Maytenus hookeri Loes Euonymus genus fruit 4 Holly Ilex pubescens Ilex genus stem 5 Holly Ilex pubescens Ilex genus leaf 6 Holly Ilex pubescens Ilex genus fruit 7 Acanthopanax senticosus Eleutherococcus senticosus Araliaceae, Acanthopanax stem 8 Acanthopanax senticosus Eleutherococcus senticosus Araliaceae Acanthopanax leaf 9 Acanthopanax senticosus Eleutherococcus senticosus Araliaceae, Acanthopanax fruit

[0027] 2. Extraction Method

[0028] Ultrasonic extraction was performed. First, the dried plant sample was pulverized and filtered through a 40-mesh sieve to collect a uniform powder for later use. Then, the dry powder sample was weighed at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w / v) and placed in an Erlenmeyer flask, adding 90% ethanol solution. The Erlenmeyer flask was secured in an ultrasonic cleaner, and extraction was performed at 40°C for 45 min at an ultrasonic power of 300 W and a frequency of 40 kHz. After extraction, the extract was immediately vacuum filtered through a double layer of qualitative filter paper (pore size 10-12 μm), and the filtrate was collected. The residue was extracted twice, and the three filtrates were combined and centrifuged at 8000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. The filtrate was concentrated by rotary evaporation until alcohol-free to obtain the plant ethanol extract. The extract was reconstituted in 90% ethanol to prepare a stock solution at a concentration of 1 g / ml. This stock solution was stored at 4°C until later use.

[0029] Example 2 Safety screening experiment of Armillaria mellea

[0030] 1. Bacterial strains and culture medium

[0031] Test fungus: The honey fungus was preserved in the laboratory and identified as Armillaria gallica.

[0032] Culture medium: potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium (200 g potatoes, 20 g glucose, 15 g agar, distilled water to 1 L, pH 6.8, sterilized at 121°C for 20 min).

[0033] Experimental methods

[0034] Activation of the strain: Inoculate the honey fungus onto a PDA plate, culture it in the dark at 25°C for 7 days, and take the edge mycelium blocks for later use.

[0035] Preparation of drug-containing plates: Dilute the plant ethanol extract mother solution with sterile water, mix it with melted PDA medium (45°C), and pour it into a sterile culture dish to prepare a drug-containing plate with a final concentration of 20 mg / ml.

[0036] Bacterial inhibition rate determination: Use a sterile microporator to extract a 0.6 cm diameter bacterial cake and inoculate it in the center of a drug-containing plate. Incubate at 25°C for 10 days. Set up four replicates for each treatment. Measure the control group's mycelium when it has grown to two-thirds of the plate. For the control group, prepare the plate by adding an equal amount of sterile water to melted PDA medium and inoculate the plate. When the control mycelium nearly fills the plate, measure the mycelial diameter (mm) using the cross-hatch method and calculate the bacterial inhibition rate.

[0037]

[0038] Experimental results

[0039] Table 2 shows the antibacterial effects of the ethanol extracts from the stems, leaves, and fruits of the three plants on Armillaria mellea. The results showed that at an extract concentration of 20 mg / ml, the ethanol extract from Ilex pubescens fruit exhibited a certain promoting effect, with an inhibition rate of 2.02% for the stem extract of Ilex pubescens, 0.41% for the leaves of Ilex pubescens, and 1.15% for the stem extract of Ilex pubescens. Based on the antibacterial effects, the stems, leaves, and stems of Ilex pubescens, which had almost no inhibitory effect, and the fruits of Ilex pubescens, which had a certain promoting effect, were selected for the antibacterial experiment against Verticillium albo-atrum.

[0040] Table 2 Inhibitory effects of ethanol extracts from different parts of the tested plants on Armillaria mellea

[0041] Serial number Species name plant tissue Antibacterial rate (%) 1 Maydenwood stem 1.15 2 Maydenwood leaf 0.41 3 Maydenwood fruit 8.43 4 Holly stem 2.02 5 Holly leaf 6.47 6 Holly fruit -1.56 7 Acanthopanax senticosus stem 42.78 8 Acanthopanax senticosus leaf 7.12 9 Acanthopanax senticosus fruit 14.36

[0042] Example 3 Screening of antibacterial activity of plant ethanol extracts against Verticillium nigra

[0043] 1. Pathogen treatment

[0044] Test pathogen: Verticillium albo-atrum, isolated, identified and preserved in the laboratory.

[0045] Activate the culture: Inoculate the frozen culture onto PDA medium (200 g potato, 20 g glucose, 15 g agar, distilled water to 1 L, pH 6.8) and incubate at 25°C in the dark for 7 days until mycelium covers the plate. Pick fresh mycelial fragments (5 mm in diameter) from the edge and transfer them to a fresh PDA plate. Continue incubating at 25°C for 5 days to ensure the viability of the culture.

[0046] Preparation of spore suspension: Use a sterile scalpel to scrape the conidia on the surface of the culture medium and place them in a sterile aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.05% Tween-80 to prepare 1×10 6 The spore suspension with a concentration of CFU / mL was used for future use.

[0047] Determination of antibacterial rate and toxicity of plant ethanol extracts

[0048] Sterile water was added to the mother liquor of the ethanol extracts of the stems, leaves, berries, and stems of the wormwood tree. The plates were prepared using sterile PDA medium with a final concentration gradient of 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg / mL. A blank control containing sterile water was also prepared. Three replicates were set up for each concentration, and the blank control was treated in the same manner. A 0.5 cm diameter piece of activated mycelium was obtained using a sterile borer and inoculated in the center of the plate. The plates were incubated in the dark at 25°C for 10 days, and the inhibition rate was determined.

[0049] To further quantify the toxic effects of the four plant ethanol extracts on Verticillium albo-atrum, we converted the concentration (mg / mL) of each agent into a logarithmic value (x) and converted the three replicate averages of the corresponding mycelial growth inhibition rate into a probability value (y). Subsequently, statistical software was used to perform regression analysis on these data and fit the regression equation for the toxicity of the four plant ethanol extracts on Verticillium albo-atrum. Finally, the EC value of each agent was obtained by solving the equation. 50 EC value, that is, the concentration of drug required to achieve 50% growth inhibition rate. 50 The smaller the value, the stronger the toxicity of the agent to Verticillium nigra and the more significant the antibacterial effect.

[0050] Experimental results

[0051] Table 3 shows the antibacterial effects and toxicity of the four plant ethanol extracts on Verticillium truncatum. As the concentration of the extracts increases, the antibacterial effect becomes more obvious. When the concentration is 20 mg / mL, the control effects are in the order of Ilex pubescens fruit > Ilex pubescens stem > Ilex pubescens stem > Ilex pubescens leaves. Among them, the ethanol extract of Ilex pubescens fruit has the best inhibitory effect on Verticillium truncatum, with an inhibition rate of 90.36%. The second is Ilex pubescens stem, with an inhibition rate of 89.32%; Ilex pubescens leaves have the worst inhibitory effect on Verticillium truncatum, with an inhibition rate of only 62.78%. The experimental results show that the EC of the four plant ethanol extracts on Verticillium truncatum is the best. 50 The toxicity of the fruits of Ilex pubescens is the strongest to Verticillium nigra, EC 50 The value was 7.67 mg / mL, followed by the stem of Maydensia oleifera, and the EC 50 The toxicity of Ilex pubescens stems and Ilex serrata leaves decreased in sequence, and the EC 50 They are 12.90 and 14.93 mg / mL respectively.

[0052] Table 3 Antibacterial effect and toxicity of plant ethanol extracts against Verticillium nigra

[0053]

[0054] Example 4 Gastrodia elata field control efficacy test

[0055] 1. Materials and Experimental Site

[0056] Seed hemp: Gastrodia elata f. glauca; Honey fungus: Gallic honey fungus (Armillaria gallica); Natural fungus material: Cyclobalanopsis glauca (4-8cm in diameter, 6-10 small fish-scale holes cut into the wood);

[0057] Medicinal mushroom materials:

[0058] CK: sawdust 68%, cottonseed hull 30%, gypsum powder 1%, KH2PO4 0.5% and MgSO4 0.5%;

[0059] T1: 68% sawdust, 30% cottonseed hulls, 1% gypsum powder, 0.5% KH2PO4, and 0.5% MgSO4; 0.05% ethanol extract of Maydanum stems was added to this combination;

[0060] T2: 68% sawdust, 30% cottonseed hulls, 1% gypsum powder, 0.5% KH2PO4, and 0.5% MgSO4; 0.05% ethanol extract of Ilex pubescens fruit was added to this combination;

[0061] T3: sawdust 58%, cottonseed hulls 30%, maydonium stems (passed through a 30-mesh sieve) 10%, gypsum powder 1%, KH2PO4 0.5% and MgSO4 0.5%;

[0062] Experimental location: Xiaocaoba Gastrodia elata cultivation base, Zhaotong, Yunnan, 1910 m above sea level, center coordinates (103°71′05″E, 27°35′17″N).

[0063] Preparation of medicinal mushroom materials

[0064] Gypsum powder, KH2PO4, and MgSO4 are dissolved in water and added to a mixture of sawdust, cottonseed hulls, or mayonnaise stems. Water is added and mixed evenly to make the moisture content of the mixture 60% to 65%. After fermentation for 3 days, T2 and T3 dissolve the plant ethanol extract and spray it evenly into the mixture. CK adds an equal amount of water. The mixed product is placed in polyethylene plastic bags, with each bag containing 1 kg. The bags are tied tightly and autoclaved at 121°C for 1 to 2 hours. After sterilization and cooling to room temperature, the bags are transported to a sterile room, inoculated with a secondary strain of Armillaria mellea, and transported to a culture room for cultivation at 25°C for 3 to 4 months.

[0065] Field experiment methods

[0066] A continuous Gastrodia elata plot with tuber rot in the first crop was selected. The continuous Gastrodia elata planting ponds (60 cm × 50 cm × 30 cm) were prepared and air-dried for 20 days. Each planting pond was sprayed with 1 L of a 35 g / L plant ethanol extract solution. A control was treated with the same amount of water. Five days after spraying, medicinal mushrooms and natural mushrooms were laid alternately in the planting ponds, approximately 3 cm apart, and the gaps were filled with new soil. Approximately 30 g of white-headed Gastrodia elata was used as seed mushrooms. Seed mushrooms were planted next to the medicinal mushrooms, 10 cm apart. Five seed mushrooms were planted per row of medicinal mushrooms, for a total of 20 seed mushrooms. Five replicates were set for each treatment. After the hemp seeds were placed, the gaps were filled with soil, the pond was covered, and routine management was carried out. 1L of 35g / L plant ethanol extract solution was sprayed every three months, and applied three times during the entire planting cycle. The plants were planted at the beginning of the year and harvested in November at the end of the year. When the hemp farmers harvested the gastrodia elata, a survey on the incidence of gastrodia elata diseases was conducted, and the collected gastrodia elata samples were put into self-sealing bags and brought back to the laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed on the healthy and diseased gastrodia elata in each treatment. The disease index and prevention and control effect were calculated according to the gastrodia elata tuber disease grading standard.

[0067] Table 4 Classification standards for Gastrodia elata tuber diseases

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Table 5 Effect of field disease control

[0071] deal with Incidence (%) Disease Index Control effect (%) CK 50 27.78 - T1 14.29 10.40 62.55 T2 14.29 13.98 49.69 T3 6.67 6.43 76.85

[0072] A prevention and control test was carried out at the Gastrodia elata planting base in Zhaotong. As shown in Table 5, it can be seen that the application of ethanol extracts from the stems of the jasmine tree and ethanol extracts from the fruits of Ilex pubescens can significantly reduce the incidence of tuber rot in Gastrodia elata planted in continuous cropping plots, indicating that the botanical fungicide provided by the present invention has good prevention and control effects. The prevention and control effects of adding the ethanol extracts from the stems of the jasmine tree and the ethanol extracts from the fruits of Ilex pubescens to the fungal materials were 62.55% and 49.69% respectively, and the prevention and control effect of adding the stems of the jasmine tree to the fungal materials was 76.85%, which were significant.

[0073] In summary, through systematic screening and evaluation, the present invention has clarified the safety of ethanol extracts from different parts of three plants: Maydensia truncatula, Ilex pubescens, and Acanthopanax senticosus, against Armillaria mellea and their inhibitory effects against Verticillium spp. Based on the safety screening results, ethanol extracts from Maydensia truncatula stems, Maydensia truncatula leaves, Ilex pubescens fruits, and Ilex pubescens stems were selected for antibacterial experiments against Verticillium spp. In the antibacterial experiments against Verticillium spp., at a concentration of 20 mg / mL, the ethanol extract from Ilex pubescens fruits exhibited the best antibacterial effect, with an inhibition rate of 90.36%. Its EC 50 The value was 7.67mg / mL, which was significantly better than other extracts. The ethanol extract of the stem of Maydanum was second, with an antibacterial rate of 89.32%. 50 The value was 8.53 mg / mL. In field experiments, the use of medicinal mushroom materials containing ethanol extracts of the stems of Maydensia odorata and ethanol extracts of the fruits of Ilex pubescens, combined with spraying of the corresponding botanical fungicides, significantly reduced the incidence of Gastrodia elata tuber rot, with control effects of 62.55% and 49.69%, respectively. The use of the method of adding 10% of the stems of Maydensia odorata to the mushroom materials and spraying the ethanol extract of the stems of Maydensia odorata fungicide achieved a control effect of 76.85%. The control effects of the different treatments were significantly different. It is speculated that the stability of the plant ethanol extracts is affected by high temperature or environmental factors, and the dosage form can be further optimized to improve the effect.

[0074] In summary, the ethanol extracts from Ilex pubescens fruit and stem of Ilex serrata are highly safe against Armillaria mellea and highly effective against Verticillium nigra, making them promising botanical fungicides for the green control of Gastrodia elata tuber rot. This study provides theoretical and technical support for the sustainable control of Gastrodia elata diseases and lays an important foundation for the development and application of botanical fungicides.

[0075] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. All equivalent transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification under the concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for preventing and treating Gastrodia elata tuber rot, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) preparing medicinal mushroom materials for use, wherein the components of the mushroom materials are composed of 58% sawdust, 30% cottonseed hulls, 10% maydensia stems, 1% gypsum powder, 0.5% KH2PO4 and 0.5% MgSO4 in terms of mass percentage; (2) Select a site, prepare the planting pond, and after drying, spray each planting pond with a 35g / L ethanol extract solution of the stem of Maydensia odorifera. Five days after spraying, lay the medicinal mushroom material and the natural mushroom material crosswise in the planting pond with a spacing of 3cm, and fill the gap with new soil; (3) Prepare the hemp seedlings. Plant the hemp seedlings next to the medicinal mushroom materials. After the hemp seedlings are placed, fill the gaps with new soil, cover the pond, and carry out routine management. Spray the hemp seedlings with a 35g / L ethanol extract solution of the stem of the Chinese yam once every three months. Apply it three times during the entire planting period. Gastrodia elata is harvested from the end of November to December of the planting year. The maytansina Maytenus hookeri Loes The pathogen of the Gastrodia elata tuber rot is Verticillium albo-atrum.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The mushroom material preparation method comprises the following steps: taking corresponding masses of various components according to a proportion, dissolving gypsum powder, KH2PO4 and MgSO4 in water, adding the mixture to a mixture of sawdust, cottonseed hulls and maydensia stems, adding water, and mixing the mixture evenly so that the water content of the mixture is between 60% and 65%. After fermentation for 3 days in a pile, the mixture is bagged, sterilized at high temperature, cooled, and inoculated with a secondary strain of Armillaria mellea, and cultured for 3 to 4 months before use.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein The natural fungus material is a tree species of the genus Quercus in the Fagaceae family.

4. The cultivation method according to claim 3, wherein The Fagaceae tree species include Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Quercus variabilis or Quercus acutissima.

5. The cultivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The preparation process of the ethanol extract of the maytonii stem is as follows: taking a dried maytonii stem sample, crushing it and filtering it with a 40-mesh sieve to collect the powder, weighing the dry powder in a solid-liquid ratio of 1:10 (w / v), adding 90% ethanol solution into a container, fixing the container in an ultrasonic cleaner, performing ultrasonic extraction, centrifuging, filtering, and then rotary evaporation to concentrate to obtain the ethanol extract of the maytonii stem.

6. Maydenwood ( Maytenus hookeri Loes ) stem ethanol extract in the preparation of a control agent for Gastrodia elata tuber rot caused by Verticillium albo-atrum.

7. A method for preventing and treating Gastrodia elata tuber rot, characterized in that: Apply the drug containing Maydanum ( Maytenus hookeri Loes ) stem ethanol extract, wherein the Gastrodia elata tuber rot is a rot disease caused by Verticillium albo-atrum.

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